CN113683638A - 一种含磷有机酸烯基胺盐及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种含磷有机酸烯基胺盐及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113683638A CN113683638A CN202111054215.8A CN202111054215A CN113683638A CN 113683638 A CN113683638 A CN 113683638A CN 202111054215 A CN202111054215 A CN 202111054215A CN 113683638 A CN113683638 A CN 113683638A
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- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- -1 organic acid alkenyl amine salt Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XLXCHZCQTCBUOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-prop-2-enylimidazole Chemical compound C=CCN1C=CN=C1 XLXCHZCQTCBUOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
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- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- MORLYCDUFHDZKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[hydroxy(phenyl)phosphoryl]propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCP(O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MORLYCDUFHDZKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- ASMQGLCHMVWBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-M diphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=O)([O-])OC1=CC=CC=C1 ASMQGLCHMVWBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- DYUWTXWIYMHBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-prop-2-enylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound C=CCNCC=C DYUWTXWIYMHBQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MLCHBQKMVKNBOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylphosphinic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MLCHBQKMVKNBOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- WGESLFUSXZBFQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-prop-2-enylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound C=CCN(C)CC=C WGESLFUSXZBFQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IOXXVNYDGIXMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound CNCC=C IOXXVNYDGIXMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VPYJNCGUESNPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triallylamine Chemical compound C=CCN(CC=C)CC=C VPYJNCGUESNPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- BEQVQKJCLJBTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphinic acid Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(=O)(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BEQVQKJCLJBTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/30—Phosphinic acids [R2P(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphinic acids ; [R2P(=X1)(X2H) (X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
- C07F9/304—Aromatic acids (P-C aromatic linkage)
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Abstract
本发明公开一种含磷有机酸烯基胺盐及其制备方法和应用,通过含磷有机酸与烯基胺化合物间的中和反应,合成一系列含磷有机酸烯基胺盐,涉及的原料易得、合成过程简单、条件温和且无污染,不产生副产物,可实现大规模生产。将之作为阻燃交联剂,与不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR)相容性优良;固化后,含磷基团通过离子键以盐的形式引入UPR网络中。加入10%‑15%的含磷有机酸烯基胺盐,阻燃UPR的LOI值达到30%以上,阻燃UPR复合材料的LOI值达到37%以上,且阻燃UPR材料的耐热及力学等性能保持优良,在交通、建筑及船舶等领域具有广泛应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于阻燃材料领域,具体涉及一种含磷有机酸烯基胺盐及其制备方法,以及在阻燃不饱和聚酯树脂及其复合材料的应用。
背景技术
阻燃剂是一种重要的高分子材料助剂,能抑制或减缓可燃高分子被点燃(包括塑料、橡胶、纤维、木材、纸张、涂料胶粘剂等),并/或降低火焰蔓延的速率。通常可通过物理共混、表面技术及化学共聚等途径将阻燃剂引入高分子体系中。通过物理共混能便捷地获取阻燃的树脂、塑料及弹性体等材料,但面临阻燃剂阻燃效率不高、与基材相容性不佳而导致力学性能恶化的问题,且在使用过程中会迁移析出而引起材料的阻燃性能降低和环境污染问题;利用表面阻燃技术对纺织品等高比表面积的薄制品材料较高效,但又往往不耐久且会影响纺织品的舒适度。为此,人们设计合成反应型阻燃剂,通过化学共聚将阻燃元素/基团等引入高分子链段中,而使所得材料具有耐久的本征阻燃效果,且利于保持材料固有物化性能。但是,反应型阻燃剂及本征阻燃高分子材料的设计合成过程较复杂、成本较高,故而本领域的研究聚焦到阻燃剂设计合成的新思路,以便能因“材”制宜地将高效阻燃元素/基团引入高分子链段中,获取高性能的本征阻燃高分子材料。
含磷阻燃剂环境友好,阻燃效率较高,兼具气相和凝聚相阻燃作用,种类多样,反应性高,可设计性强。含磷前驱体包括磷酰氯及含磷的酸、醇及酚等,可通过与醇、胺及羧酸等的共价或成盐反应,以之可合成一系列的含磷阻燃剂。其中,含磷酸盐的合成简单、快速、产率高,针对不同的高分子材料体系进行阻燃剂的设计合成。近年来,人们通过简单的中和反应或离子交换反应,合成了含磷酸三聚氰胺盐、哌嗪盐、脂肪族胺盐及咪唑盐等,用于阻燃塑料、泡沫、弹性体及热固性树脂等。王玉忠等人(CN 107099022)通过含磷有机酸与咪唑间简单的中和反应,合成了几种含磷有机酸咪唑盐,将之作为环氧树脂的阻燃固化剂,由咪唑的叔胺引发环氧基阴离子聚合反应固化环氧树脂,含磷有机酸与咪唑鎓成盐,由此将含磷基团引入到环氧网络中,制得兼具优良阻燃、耐热及介电性能的本征阻燃环氧树脂。但是,上述含磷有机酸咪唑盐不含可供自由基聚合的烯基,仅限于环氧树脂体系,不能用于更易燃的不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR)中。发展简单、便捷的技术路线获取阻燃剂,制备高性能的本征阻燃UPR材料,仍是本领域面临的挑战之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术存在的问题,提供一种合成简便的含磷有机酸烯基胺盐及其制备方法和应用,以之为UPR阻燃交联剂,与UPR发生共聚固化反应,含磷基团通过离子键以盐的形式引入树脂网络,获取高性能本征阻燃UPR及复合材料。
本发明提供的含磷有机酸烯基胺盐的结构通式为:
式中的X为烯烃基;Y1、Y2和Y3为烯烃基、烷基或氢,其中至少1个为烯烃基。
具体地,X为乙烯基或烯丙基。
具体地,Y1、Y2或Y3中的烯烃基是乙烯基或烯丙基,烷基是甲基或乙基。
本发明涉及的一种含磷有机酸烯基胺盐的制备方法,具体为:常温下,将含磷有机酸溶于乙醇/水溶液中,边搅拌边加入等当量的烯基胺化合物,而后继续搅拌15-45分钟,再蒸除溶剂即得到含磷有机酸烯基胺盐。
所述的含磷有机酸优选为苯基次膦酸、苯基膦酸、二苯基膦酸、磷酸二苯酯、2-羧乙基苯基次膦酸、6-羟基-6氢-二苯并[c,e][1,2]磷杂菲-氧化物中的一种。
所述的烯基胺化合物优选为1-乙烯基咪唑、1-烯丙基咪唑、N-烯丙基甲胺、N-甲基二烯丙基胺、二烯丙基胺、三烯丙基胺和二甲基烯丙基胺中的一种。
本发明提供的阻燃UPR及复合材料的制备过程为:将UPR、含磷有机酸烯基胺盐和引发剂按比例混合制成预聚体系,将预聚体系在80-140℃固化成型即得本征阻燃UPR(阻燃不饱和聚酯树脂),或将预聚体系与纤维布复合在80-140℃热压成型,即得阻燃UPR复合材料(阻燃不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料)。
所述阻燃不饱和聚酯树脂制备过程中,UPR、含磷有机酸烯基胺盐和引发剂的质量比为:85-90:10-15:1-2。
所述阻燃不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料制备过程中,UPR、含磷有机酸烯基胺盐和引发剂的质量比为:75-80:20-25:2。所述的纤维布为玻纤布或碳纤布。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下优点:
1、本发明所涉及的一种含磷有机酸烯基胺盐,原料易得、合成过程简单快捷、条件温和且无污染,原料按计量比反应,产率达99%以上,易于大规模生产。
2、本发明提供的含磷有机酸烯基胺盐作为阻燃交联剂,与UPR相容性优良,仅加入10%左右,即能使所得UPR的LOI达到30%及以上。
3、本发明提供的本征阻燃UPR中,含磷基团通过离子键接入树脂网络中,而使阻燃UPR的耐热和力学等性能保持优良,可用于制备高性能复合材料。
附图说明
图1是应用例2所得阻燃URP(DAA-CEPP/UPR)的结构示意图,可认为含磷有机酸烯基胺盐的烯基胺与UPR反应形成共价键,与含磷有机酸形成离子键,使含磷基团以盐的形式与树脂网络相结合,是一种本征阻燃UPR。
图2是对比例1与应用例3所得UPR和阻燃UPR(DAA-DOP/UPR)的热重曲线图(N2,10℃/min),从图中发现DAA-DOP/UPR的热失重较UPR的稍有提前,T5%保持在285℃以上(远高于Tg),能适用于大多数应用场景。
图3是对比例1与应用例4所得UPR和阻燃UPR(VI-CEPP/UPR)的弯曲强度及模量对比图,从图中可发现引入VI-CEPP后,阻燃UPR的弯曲强度和模量都有所提升,说明VI-CEPP能够兼顾UPR的阻燃性能和力学强度。
具体实施方式
下面给出的实施例以对本发明作进一步说明。有必要在此指出的是以下实施例不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,如果该领域的技术熟练人员根据上述本发明内容对本发明做出一些非本质的改进和调整,仍属于本发明保护范围。
值得注意的是,以下各应用例中1)所涉及的树脂、阻燃剂、引发剂及玻纤等比例都是质量分数;2)涉及的UPR是一种双酚A型乙烯基树脂;3)极限氧指数(LOI)测试是参照GB/T2406.2-2009标准测试的。
实施例1
在常温下,将21.8g(0.1mol)二苯基膦酸溶于乙醇/水中,在剧烈搅拌下,分批加入10.8g(0.1mol)1-烯丙基咪唑,持续反应30min,而后蒸除溶剂,得到淡黄色固体,即为最终产物,产率达99.9%以上。
实施例2
在常温下,将7.1g(0.05mol)苯基次膦酸溶于乙醇/水中,在剧烈搅拌下,分批加入4.3g(0.05mol)二甲基烯丙基胺,持续反应15min,而后蒸除溶剂,得到淡黄色固体,即为最终产物,产率达99.9%以上。
实施例3
在常温下,将25.0g(0.1mol)磷酸二苯酯溶于乙醇/水中,在剧烈搅拌下,分批加入9.4g(0.1mol)1-乙烯基咪唑,持续搅拌45min,而后蒸除乙醇/水溶剂,得到白色固体,即为最终产物,产率达99.9%以上。
实施例4
在常温下,将10.9g(0.05mol)2-羧乙基苯基次膦酸溶于乙醇/水中,在剧烈搅拌下,分批加入4.9g(0.05mol)二烯丙基胺,持续反应45min,而后蒸除溶剂,得到淡黄色固体,即为最终产物,产率达99.9%以上。
实施例5
在常温下,将7.9g(0.05mol)苯基膦酸溶于乙醇/水中,在剧烈搅拌下,加入7.1g(0.1mol)N-烯丙基甲胺,持续反应30min,而后蒸除溶剂,得到淡黄色固体,即为最终产物,产率达99.9%以上。
实施例6
在常温下,将11.6g(0.05mol)6-羟基-6氢-二苯并[c,e][1,2]磷杂菲-氧化物溶于乙醇/水中,在剧烈搅拌下,分批加入4.7g(0.05mol)二烯丙基胺,持续反应30min,而后蒸除溶剂,得到淡黄色固体,即为最终产物,产率达99.9%以上。
实施例7
在常温下,将10.9g(0.05mol)二苯基膦酸溶于乙醇/水中,在剧烈搅拌下,分批加入6.9g(0.05mol)三烯丙基胺,持续反应45min,而后蒸除溶剂,得到淡黄色固体,即为最终产物,产率达99.9%以上。
实施例8
在常温下,将21.4g(0.1mol)2-羧乙基苯基次膦酸溶于乙醇/水中,在剧烈搅拌下,分批加入18.8g(0.2mol)1-乙烯基咪唑,持续反应30min,而后蒸除溶剂,得到淡黄色固体,为最终产物,产率达99.9%以上。
实施例9
在常温下,将23.2g(0.1mol)6-羟基-6氢-二苯并[c,e][1,2]磷杂菲-氧化物中加入乙醇/水中,在剧烈搅拌下,加入9.4g(0.1mol)1-乙烯基咪唑,持续反应45min,而后蒸除溶剂,得到淡黄色固体,即为最终产物,产率达99.9%以上。
实施例10
在常温下,将25.0g(0.1mol)磷酸二苯酯溶于乙醇/水中,在剧烈搅拌下,分批加入10.8g(0.1mol)1-烯丙基咪唑,持续反应45min,而后蒸除溶剂,得到淡黄色固体,即为最终产物,产率达99.9%以上。
实施例11
在常温下,将7.9g(0.05mol)苯基膦酸溶于乙醇/水中,在剧烈搅拌下,分批加入11.1g(0.1mol)N-甲基二烯丙基胺,持续反应30min,而后蒸除溶剂,得到淡黄色固体,即为最终产物,产率达99.9%以上。
实施例12
在常温下,将14.2g(0.1mol)苯基次膦酸溶于乙醇/水中,在剧烈搅拌下,分批加入10.8g(0.1mol)1-烯丙基咪唑,持续反应30min,而后蒸除溶剂,得到淡黄色固体,即为最终产物,产率达99.9%以上。
应用例1
本应用例将实施例3所得产物与UPR、引发剂(过氧化二苯甲酰)按15:85:2混合,搅拌均匀、真空除泡后分别于80、100和140℃下固化2h,即得阻燃UPR材料,其LOI值为30.8%。
应用例2
本应用例将实施例4所得产物与UPR、引发剂(过氧化二苯甲酰)按10:90:1混合,搅拌均匀、真空除泡后与于80、100和140℃分别固化2h,即得阻燃UPR材料,其LOI值为31.4%。
应用例3
本应用例将实施例6所得产物与UPR、引发剂(过氧化二苯甲酰)按10:90:1混合,搅拌均匀、真空除泡后与于80、100和140℃分别固化2h,即得阻燃UPR材料,其LOI值为36.3%,热重曲线见于图2。
应用例4
本应用例将实施例8所得产物与UPR、引发剂(过氧化二苯甲酰)按15:85:1混合,搅拌均匀、真空除泡后分别于80、100和140℃下固化2h,即得阻燃UPR材料,其LOI值为30.4%,弯曲强度与模量见于图3。
应用例5
本应用例将实施例9所得产物与UPR、引发剂(过氧化二苯甲酰)按25:75:2混合,搅拌均匀与玻纤复合,经真空除泡后于80、100和140℃分别热压2h,即制得阻燃复合材料(玻纤含量70%),LOI值为38.3%。
应用例6
本应用例将实施例10所得产物与UPR、引发剂(过氧化二苯甲酰)按20:80:2混合,搅拌均匀与玻纤复合,经真空除泡后,于80、100和140℃分别热压2h,即得阻燃复合(碳纤含量50%),LOI值为37.5%。
对比例1
本对比例将UPR与引发剂(过氧化二苯甲酰)按100:1混合,搅拌均匀、真空除泡后于80、100和140℃分别固化2h,即得UPR,其LOI值为22.4%,热重曲线及弯曲强度与模量见于图2和图3。
对比例2
本应用例将UPR与引发剂(过氧化二苯甲酰)按100:1混合,搅拌均匀与玻纤复合,经真空除泡后,于80、100和140℃分别热压2h,即制成UPR复合材料(玻纤含量70%),LOI值为24.0%。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的含磷有机酸烯基胺盐,其特征在于,X为乙烯基或烯丙基,Y1、Y2或Y3中的烯烃基是乙烯基或烯丙基,烷基是甲基或乙基。
3.一种权利要求1或2所述的含磷有机酸烯基胺盐的制备方法,其特征在于,常温下将含磷有机酸溶于乙醇/水溶液中,边搅拌边按比例加入烯基胺化合物,再继续搅拌15-45分钟,蒸除溶剂即得到含磷有机酸烯基胺盐。
4.根据权利要求3所述的含磷有机酸烯基胺盐的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的含磷有机酸是苯基次膦酸、苯基膦酸、二苯基膦酸、磷酸二苯酯、2-羧乙基苯基次膦酸、6-羟基-6氢-二苯并[c,e][1,2]磷杂菲-氧化物中的一种。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的含磷有机酸烯基胺盐的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的烯基胺化合物是1-乙烯基咪唑、1-烯丙基咪唑、N-烯丙基甲胺、N-甲基二烯丙基胺、二烯丙基胺、三烯丙基胺和二甲基烯丙基胺中的一种。
6.一种权利要求1所述的含磷有机酸烯基胺盐作为阻燃交联剂用于制备阻燃不饱和聚酯树脂或阻燃不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料。
7.一种权利要求6所述阻燃不饱和聚酯树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,将UPR、含磷有机酸烯基胺盐和引发剂按比例混合制成预聚体系,将预聚体系在80-140℃固化成型即得本征阻燃UPR。
8.根据权利要求7所述的阻燃不饱和聚酯树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,UPR、含磷有机酸烯基胺盐和引发剂的质量比为:85-90:10-15:1-2。
9.一种权利要求6所述阻燃不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,将UPR、含磷有机酸烯基胺盐和引发剂按比例混合制成预聚体系,将预聚体系与纤维布复合,在80-140℃热压成型,即得阻燃UPR复合材料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的阻燃不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的纤维布为玻纤布或碳纤布。
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