CN113675529A - 一种新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113675529A CN113675529A CN202110952761.7A CN202110952761A CN113675529A CN 113675529 A CN113675529 A CN 113675529A CN 202110952761 A CN202110952761 A CN 202110952761A CN 113675529 A CN113675529 A CN 113675529A
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- energy automobile
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007821 HATU Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- MIJDSYMOBYNHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(ethylamino)ethanol Chemical compound CCNCCO MIJDSYMOBYNHOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- -1 Polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000879 imine group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910007156 Si(OH)4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010041 electrostatic spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/68—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- C08G63/685—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing nitrogen
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
- D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/45—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table; Aluminates
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/77—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof
- D06M11/79—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof with silicon dioxide, silicic acids or their salts
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
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- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
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- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料及其制备方法,属于锂离子电池技术领域,由以下原料制备而成:无机纳米粒子、改性PET树脂、正硅酸乙酯;所述改性PET纤维的具有如下式Ⅰ
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及锂离子电池技术领域,具体涉及一种新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
锂离子电池因具有比能量大,质量轻,循环寿命好,自放电率低,无记忆效应及对环境友好等优点,广泛应用于国防工业、电动行业、空间技术等大型应用领域。锂离子电池主要由正、负极材料,电解液,隔膜,外壳组成,隔膜是锂离子电池的重要组成部分,锂离子电池隔膜的主要作用:分隔正负极,防止两极接触短路,同时使锂离子在正负极之间迁移,完成充放电过程。根据不同的结构及组成,锂离子电池隔膜材料主要有:聚烯烃膜,无纺布,聚合物/无机复合隔膜等,商品化的锂离子电池隔膜主要为聚乙烯(PE),聚丙烯(PP)微孔膜及聚丙烯/聚乙烯/聚丙烯(PP/PE/PP)三层隔膜,然而该类隔膜的透气性及亲液性较差,而且该材料在高温下容易变形,当电池局部发热达到170℃时,隔膜会迅速融化,使正负极接触,出现热失控行为,增加了电池的安全隐患。同时,商业化聚烯烃隔膜的电解液润湿性差、电极亲和力低、吸液率低,影响了电池的电化学性能;此外,聚烯烃电池隔膜的成本高,占据着整个电池成本的10-20%。
ZL 201110231237.7“一种复合纳米锂离子电池隔膜及其制备方法”公开了一种将商用聚烯烃隔膜和静电纺纳米纤维复合的结构和制作工艺。该复合纳米纤维锂离子电池隔膜提高了隔膜的润湿性、耐温性、以及与正负极材料之间的界面性能,但静电纺丝的产量低,增加了隔膜的成本。
ZL 201310196439.1“一种辐照交联锂离子电池隔膜以及制备方法”公开了一种辐照交联聚乙烯多孔隔膜的制备方法,该方法通过向聚乙烯多孔隔膜内部和表面引入引发剂和交联剂,然后进行辐照交联,从而得到局部交联的隔膜。该隔膜的拉伸强度、亲水性能都得到提高,并降低了隔膜在120℃的热收缩性,但是该生产工艺复杂、成本高,很难实现产业化,同时聚乙烯隔膜熔点低,在高温时热稳定差,不能满足高性能电池的要求。
ZL 201310719574.X“一种有机-无机复合锂离子电池隔膜及其制备方法”公开了一种多孔有机复合膜的结构及制备工艺,采用了对聚合物平板膜进行拉伸和萃取的工艺制备多孔隔膜。该隔膜具有孔隙率可调、微孔贯通性好的特点,然而其热稳定性差,当其体系含有5wt%SiO2时,在140℃保温30min的条件下,其热收缩率达到38.1%,尺寸稳定性远不能满足高性能锂离子电池的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料及其制备方法,不仅具有极好的耐高温性能,且力学性能佳,离子电导率高,循环性能好,润湿性能佳,同时表现出极佳的吸液率,在新能源汽车的锂离子电池中具有广阔的应用前景。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
本发明提供一种新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料,由以下原料制备而成:无机纳米粒子、改性PET树脂、正硅酸乙酯;所述改性PET纤维的具有如下式Ⅰ所示结构:
式Ⅰ;
其中,n=200-500。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述无机纳米粒子、改性PET纤维的质量比为(5-10):(100-200)。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述改性PET树脂的制备方法如下:
S1.中间体的合成:将对苯二甲酸溶于有机溶剂中,加入三乙胺,搅拌10-20min,然后在0℃下加入HATU,室温搅拌1-2h后,滴加2-(乙氨基)乙醇的有机溶剂溶液,继续搅拌反应3-5h,得到中间体;所述中间体的结构如式Ⅱ所示结构;所有过程均在氮气保护下完成;
式Ⅱ;
S2.酯化反应:将中间体和对苯二甲酸加入反应釜进行打浆,然后升温至120-130℃,加入催化剂,继续升温至210-230℃,分馏柱顶温度控制在100℃至115℃之间,当所收集的馏出水体积达到理论馏出量的95%时结束酯化反应;所有过程均在氮气保护下完成;
S3.缩聚反应:酯化反应结束后,体系降温至160-180℃,排出氮气,进入空气,同时加入热稳定剂,升温至250-260℃,常压缩聚0.5-1h,继续升温至260-270℃,将体系压力控制在-0.08-(-0.09)MPa,反应0.5-1h,然后保持体系真空度在不高于60Pa,升温至270-280℃,反应0.5-1h,得到改性PET树脂。
作为本发明的进一步改进,步骤S1中所述对苯二甲酸、2-(乙氨基)乙醇、HATU、三乙胺的物质的量制备为(1.01-1.05):1:(1-2):(2-3)。
作为本发明的进一步改进,步骤S2中所述中间体、对苯二甲酸、催化剂的物质的量之比为1:(1-1.02):(0.02-0.05)。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述有机溶剂选自二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、丙酮、四氢呋喃、甲苯、苯、二甲苯、乙醚、乙腈中的至少一种。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述催化剂选自氧化锌、氧化锡、氧化亚锡、三氧化二锑中的至少一种;所述热稳定剂选自三乙基磷酸酯、磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三甲酯中的至少一种;所述热稳定剂的添加量为体系总质量的3-5wt%。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述无机纳米粒子选自三氧化二铝、氧化钙、氧化锌、氧化镁、碳酸钙、氧化锆、氧化钛、分子筛和沸石中的至少一种。
本发明进一步保护一种上述新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将改性PET树脂加入螺杆注塑机中,加热至熔融喷丝,得到改性PET纤维;
(2)将改性PET纤维经牵伸气流牵引,收集到平板上,同时均匀喷洒无机纳米粒子,依靠自身的热黏合成为单层纱;
(3)将单层纱叠放,称重,得到重量为W1,置于水热反应釜中,40-60℃,以2000-2500W功率超声制得层间含水的熔喷布,烘干,称重,得到重量为W2,得到层间含水的熔喷布,含水量为W2-W1;
(4)以正硅酸乙酯水解方程式为依据加入指定摩尔量的正硅酸乙酯,加入少量无水乙醇,密封条件下升温至80-90℃,超声分散至充分反应;无水乙醇清洗一遍抽滤,烘干,制得SiO2插层熔喷布;
正硅酸乙酯的水解方程式如下:
Si(OCH2CH3)4+2H2O=Si(OH)4+4C2H5OH
(5)将得到的SiO2插层熔喷布在温度为50-250℃、压强为1-10MPa下热压5-60s,得到新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述无水乙醇的添加量为层间含水的熔喷布总质量的2-5%;所述正硅酸乙酯和水的物质的量之比为1:2;所述烘干方法为100-110℃烘干2-4h。
本发明具有如下有益效果:本发明通过合成一种改性PET树脂,结构上含有与聚酰亚胺膜类似的亚胺部分,因此,该改性PET树脂具有极好的耐高温性能,可以在-200-270℃下稳定使用,制得的隔膜材料降解稳定大大提高,同时保持PET树脂结构,使得该改性PET树脂制得的隔膜材料力学性能佳,离子电导率高,循环性能好,由于该隔膜材料中层间含有SiO2,使得该隔膜对电解液具有极好的润湿性能,由于该隔膜材料采用熔融纺丝压实后制得,表现出极佳的吸液率。
本发明制得的隔膜材料不仅具有极好的耐高温性能,且力学性能佳,离子电导率高,循环性能好,润湿性能佳,同时表现出极佳的吸液率,在新能源汽车的锂离子电池中具有广阔的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
制备例1 改性PET树脂的制备
合成路线:
制备方法如下:
S1.中间体的合成:将1.01mol对苯二甲酸溶于200mL二氯甲烷中,加入2mol三乙胺,搅拌10min,然后在0℃下加入1mol HATU,室温搅拌1h后,滴加50mL 1mol 2-(乙氨基)乙醇的二氯甲烷溶液,继续搅拌反应3h,得到中间体,得率为94%;所述中间体的结构如式Ⅱ所示结构;所有过程均在氮气保护下完成;
式Ⅱ;
S2.酯化反应:将1mol中间体和1mol对苯二甲酸加入反应釜进行打浆,然后升温至120℃,加入0.02mol氧化锌,继续升温至210℃,分馏柱顶温度控制在100℃℃,当所收集的馏出水体积达到理论馏出量的95%时结束酯化反应;所有过程均在氮气保护下完成;
S3.缩聚反应:酯化反应结束后,体系降温至160℃,排出氮气,进入空气,同时加入磷酸三甲酯,磷酸三甲酯的添加量为体系总质量的3wt%,升温至250℃,常压缩聚0.5h,继续升温至260℃,将体系压力控制在-0.08MPa,反应0.5h,然后保持体系真空度在60Pa,升温至270℃,反应0.5h,得到改性PET树脂。
对制得的改性PET树脂进行红外图谱分析,3440cm-1端基-OH伸缩振动,2950-2870cm-1为脂肪链伸缩振动,1720cm-1为酯基中羰基的伸缩振动,1650cm-1为酰胺基中羰基伸缩振动,1540cm-1为C-N伸缩振动,1500cm-1为苯环的环伸缩振动,1477-1430cm-1为亚甲基的弯曲振动,1240-1270cm-1酯基C-O伸缩振动,1170cm-1、1144cm-1、1112cm-1为苯环的内变角振动,874cm-1和830cm-1为苯环的外变角振动,可知,带有亚胺基团和酯基的高分子聚合物成功合成。
制备例2 改性PET树脂的制备
制备方法如下:
S1.中间体的合成:将1.05mol对苯二甲酸溶于200mL二氯甲烷中,加入3mol三乙胺,搅拌10-20min,然后在0℃下加入2mol HATU,室温搅拌2h后,滴加50mL 1mol 2-(乙氨基)乙醇的二氯甲烷溶液,继续搅拌反应5h,得到中间体;所述中间体的结构如式Ⅱ所示结构;得率为92%;所有过程均在氮气保护下完成;
S2.酯化反应:将1mol中间体和1.02mol对苯二甲酸加入反应釜进行打浆,然后升温至130℃,加入0.05mol氧化锡,继续升温至230℃,分馏柱顶温度控制在115℃,当所收集的馏出水体积达到理论馏出量的95%时结束酯化反应;所有过程均在氮气保护下完成;
S3.缩聚反应:酯化反应结束后,体系降温至180℃,排出氮气,进入空气,同时加入磷酸三苯酯,磷酸三苯酯的添加量为体系总质量的5wt%,升温至260℃,常压缩聚1h,继续升温至270℃,将体系压力控制在-0.09MPa,反应1h,然后保持体系真空度在55Pa,升温至280℃,反应1h,得到改性PET树脂。
制备例3 改性PET树脂的制备
制备方法如下:
S1.中间体的合成:将1.03mol对苯二甲酸溶于200mL二氯甲烷中,加入2.5mol三乙胺,搅拌15min,然后在0℃下加入1.5mol HATU,室温搅拌1.5h后,滴加50mL 1mol 2-(乙氨基)乙醇的二氯甲烷溶液,继续搅拌反应4h,得到中间体;所述中间体的结构如式Ⅱ所示结构,得率为97%;所有过程均在氮气保护下完成;
S2.酯化反应:将1mol中间体和1.01mol对苯二甲酸加入反应釜进行打浆,然后升温至125℃,加入0.035mol三氧化二锑,继续升温至220℃,分馏柱顶温度控制在110℃,当所收集的馏出水体积达到理论馏出量的95%时结束酯化反应;所有过程均在氮气保护下完成;
S3.缩聚反应:酯化反应结束后,体系降温至170℃,排出氮气,进入空气,同时加入三乙基磷酸酯,三乙基磷酸酯的添加量为体系总质量的4wt%,升温至255℃,常压缩聚1h,继续升温至265℃,将体系压力控制在-0.09MPa,反应1h,然后保持体系真空度在50Pa,升温至275℃,反应1h,得到改性PET树脂。
实施例1
新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将100g制备例1制得的改性PET树脂加入螺杆注塑机中,加热至熔融喷丝,得到改性PET纤维;
(2)将改性PET纤维经牵伸气流牵引,收集到平板上,同时均匀喷洒5g三氧化二铝纳米粒子,依靠自身的热黏合成为单层纱;
(3)将单层纱叠放,称重,得到重量为103.2g,置于水热反应釜中,40℃以2000W功率超声制得层间含水的熔喷布,100℃烘干2h,称重,得到重量为101.5g,得到层间含水的熔喷布,含水量为1.7g;
(4)加入19.7g正硅酸乙酯,加入2.07g无水乙醇,密封条件下升温至80-90℃,超声分散至充分反应;无水乙醇清洗一遍抽滤,100℃烘干2h,制得SiO2插层熔喷布;
正硅酸乙酯的水解方程式如下:
Si(OCH2CH3)4+2H2O=Si(OH)4+4C2H5OH
(5)将得到的SiO2插层熔喷布在温度为50℃、压强为3MPa下热压10s,得到新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料。
实施例2
新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将200g制备例2制得的改性PET树脂加入螺杆注塑机中,加热至熔融喷丝,得到改性PET纤维;
(2)将改性PET纤维经牵伸气流牵引,收集到平板上,同时均匀喷洒10g氧化锌纳米粒子,依靠自身的热黏合成为单层纱;
(3)将单层纱叠放,称重,得到重量为104.1g,置于水热反应釜中,60℃以2500W功率超声制得层间含水的熔喷布,110℃烘干4h,称重,得到重量为101.7g,得到层间含水的熔喷布,含水量为2.4g;
(4)加入27.7g正硅酸乙酯,加入5.2g无水乙醇,密封条件下升温至90℃,超声分散至充分反应;无水乙醇清洗一遍抽滤,110℃烘干4h,制得SiO2插层熔喷布;
(5)将得到的SiO2插层熔喷布在温度为250℃、压强为10MPa下热压60s,得到新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料。
实施例3
新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将150g制备例3制得的改性PET树脂加入螺杆注塑机中,加热至熔融喷丝,得到改性PET纤维;
(2)将改性PET纤维经牵伸气流牵引,收集到平板上,同时均匀喷洒8g氧化钛纳米粒子,依靠自身的热黏合成为单层纱;
(3)将单层纱叠放,称重,得到重量为104.7g,置于水热反应釜中,50℃以2250W功率超声制得层间含水的熔喷布,105℃烘干3h,称重,得到重量为102.1g,得到层间含水的熔喷布,含水量为2.6g;
(4)加入30.6g正硅酸乙酯,加入3.7g无水乙醇,密封条件下升温至85℃,超声分散至充分反应;无水乙醇清洗一遍抽滤,105℃烘干3h,制得SiO2插层熔喷布;
(5)将得到的SiO2插层熔喷布在温度为150℃、压强为5MPa下热压30s,得到新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料。
对比例1
与实施例3相比,未添加氧化钛纳米粒子,其他条件均不改变。
(1)将158g制备例3制得的改性PET树脂加入螺杆注塑机中,加热至熔融喷丝,得到改性PET纤维;
(2)将改性PET纤维经牵伸气流牵引,收集到平板上,依靠自身的热黏合成为单层纱;
(3)将单层纱叠放,称重,得到重量为104.7g,置于水热反应釜中,50℃以2250W功率超声制得层间含水的熔喷布,105℃烘干3h,称重,得到重量为102.1g,得到层间含水的熔喷布,含水量为2.6g;
(4)加入30.6g正硅酸乙酯,加入3.7g无水乙醇,密封条件下升温至85℃,超声分散至充分反应;无水乙醇清洗一遍抽滤,105℃烘干3h,制得SiO2插层熔喷布;
(5)将得到的SiO2插层熔喷布在温度为150℃、压强为5MPa下热压30s,得到新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料。
对比例2
与实施例3相比,未添加正硅酸乙酯,其他条件均不改变。
(1)将150g制备例3制得的改性PET树脂加入螺杆注塑机中,加热至熔融喷丝,得到改性PET纤维;
(2)将改性PET纤维经牵伸气流牵引,收集到平板上,同时均匀喷洒8g氧化钛纳米粒子,依靠自身的热黏合成为单层纱;
(3)将单层纱叠放,在温度为150℃、压强为5MPa下热压30s,得到新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料。
测试例1
将本发明实施例1-3和对比例1-2制得的新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料进行性能测试,结果见表1。
表1
组别 | 厚度(µm) | 拉伸强度(MPa) | 孔隙率(%) | 吸液率(%) | 破膜温度(℃) | 闭孔温度(℃) | 离子电导率(mS/cm) |
实施例1 | 40 | 11.5 | 89 | 490 | 510 | 202 | 2.25 |
实施例2 | 40 | 11.7 | 90 | 502 | 512 | 210 | 2.27 |
实施例3 | 40 | 12.2 | 92 | 510 | 517 | 212 | 2.31 |
对比例1 | 40 | 11.0 | 87 | 470 | 467 | 189 | 2.21 |
对比例2 | 40 | 10.7 | 84 | 390 | 472 | 182 | 2.02 |
由上表可知,本发明制得的新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料具有良好的电学性能。
对比例1与实施例3相比,未添加无机纳米粒子,使得隔膜材料的耐热性能下降,可见陶瓷颗粒的分布对于隔膜的耐热性能(破膜温度、闭孔温度)有明显的提高,同时提高了材料的孔隙率。
对比例2与实施例3相比,未添加正硅酸乙酯,也就是没有原位生成二氧化硅粒子,对于隔膜的润湿性能不佳,洗液率下降,离子电导也下降。
本发明通过合成一种改性PET树脂,结构上含有与聚酰亚胺膜类似的亚胺部分,因此,该改性PET树脂具有极好的耐高温性能,可以在-200-270℃下稳定使用,制得的隔膜材料降解稳定大大提高,同时保持PET树脂结构,使得该改性PET树脂制得的隔膜材料力学性能佳,离子电导率高,循环性能好,由于该隔膜材料中层间含有SiO2,使得该隔膜对电解液具有极好的润湿性能,由于该隔膜材料采用熔融纺丝压实后制得,表现出极佳的吸液率。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料,其特征在于,所述无机纳米粒子、改性PET纤维的质量比为(5-10):(100-200)。
3.根据权利要求1所述新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料,其特征在于,所述改性PET树脂的制备方法如下:
中间体的合成:将对苯二甲酸溶于有机溶剂中,加入三乙胺,搅拌10-20min,然后在0℃下加入HATU,室温搅拌1-2h后,滴加2-(乙氨基)乙醇的有机溶剂溶液,继续搅拌反应3-5h,得到中间体;所述中间体的结构如式Ⅱ所示结构;所有过程均在氮气保护下完成;
式Ⅱ;
S2.酯化反应:将中间体和对苯二甲酸加入反应釜进行打浆,然后升温至120-130℃,加入催化剂,继续升温至210-230℃,分馏柱顶温度控制在100℃至115℃之间,当所收集的馏出水体积达到理论馏出量的95%时结束酯化反应;所有过程均在氮气保护下完成;
S3.缩聚反应:酯化反应结束后,体系降温至160-180℃,排出氮气,进入空气,同时加入热稳定剂,升温至250-260℃,常压缩聚0.5-1h,继续升温至260-270℃,将体系压力控制在-0.08-(-0.09)MPa,反应0.5-1h,然后保持体系真空度在不高于60Pa,升温至270-280℃,反应0.5-1h,得到改性PET树脂。
4.根据权利要求3所述新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述对苯二甲酸、2-(乙氨基)乙醇、HATU、三乙胺的物质的量制备为(1.01-1.05):1:(1-2):(2-3)。
5.根据权利要求3所述新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料,其特征在于,步骤S2中所述中间体、对苯二甲酸、催化剂的物质的量之比为1:(1-1.02):(0.02-0.05)。
6.根据权利要求3所述新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂选自二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、丙酮、四氢呋喃、甲苯、苯、二甲苯、乙醚、乙腈中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求3或5所述新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料,其特征在于,所述催化剂选自氧化锌、氧化锡、氧化亚锡、三氧化二锑中的至少一种;所述热稳定剂选自三乙基磷酸酯、磷酸三苯酯、磷酸三甲酯中的至少一种;所述热稳定剂的添加量为体系总质量的3-5wt%。
8.根据权利要求1所述新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料,其特征在于,所述无机纳米粒子选自三氧化二铝、氧化钙、氧化锌、氧化镁、碳酸钙、氧化锆、氧化钛、分子筛和沸石中的至少一种。
9.一种如权利要求1-8任一项所述新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将改性PET树脂加入螺杆注塑机中,加热至熔融喷丝,得到改性PET纤维;
将改性PET纤维经牵伸气流牵引,收集到平板上,同时均匀喷洒无机纳米粒子,依靠自身的热黏合成为单层纱;
将单层纱叠放,称重,得到重量为W1,置于水热反应釜中,40-60℃,以2000-2500W功率超声制得层间含水的熔喷布,烘干,称重,得到重量为W2,得到层间含水的熔喷布,含水量为W2-W1;
以正硅酸乙酯水解方程式为依据加入指定摩尔量的正硅酸乙酯,加入少量无水乙醇,密封条件下升温至80-90℃,超声分散至充分反应;无水乙醇清洗一遍抽滤,烘干,制得SiO2插层熔喷布;
将得到的SiO2插层熔喷布在温度为50-250℃、压强为1-10MPa下热压5-60s,得到新能源汽车用锂离子电池隔膜材料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述无水乙醇的添加量为层间含水的熔喷布总质量的2-5%;所述正硅酸乙酯和水的物质的量之比为1:2;所述烘干方法为100-110℃烘干2-4h。
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