CN113638231B - 一种耐高温型无卤阻燃胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种耐高温型无卤阻燃胶及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113638231B CN113638231B CN202111079101.9A CN202111079101A CN113638231B CN 113638231 B CN113638231 B CN 113638231B CN 202111079101 A CN202111079101 A CN 202111079101A CN 113638231 B CN113638231 B CN 113638231B
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- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐高温型无卤阻燃胶及其制备方法,制备方法包括如下步骤:(1)加水在70~100℃下搅拌溶解聚乙烯醇4~12h,完全溶解后加入交联剂形成均匀的溶液;(2)于步骤(1)所述溶液中加入水性乳液、阻燃剂、金属化合物、无机化合物,搅拌使其均匀分散1~2h;(3)于步骤(2)所述的溶液中边搅拌边加入发泡剂、稳泡剂;(4)于步骤(3)所述的溶液中边搅拌边加入增稠剂;(5)降温过滤即得阻燃胶。所用阻燃剂为氮系、磷系阻燃剂、硼酸锌的组合,本申请中的阻燃胶阻燃效果高效持久,抗静电性、耐高温性好,滴落物少,无卤环保绿色,制备成本低,工艺简单,作为涂层整理到织物表面使织物具有良好的耐烧穿性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是阻燃胶的制备领域,D06N3/08,尤其涉及一种耐高温型无卤阻燃胶及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着社会的进步和人民生活水平的提高,各类民用和产业用纺织品的需求量激增,但是,由纺织品着火而引起的火灾数也不断增加,造成了严重的经济损失和人员伤亡。因此,研究制备具有阻燃性能的纺织品对减少生命财、产损失非常有意义。
阻燃织物是指接触火焰或炽热物体时能防止本身被点燃或延缓并终止燃烧的织物,分纤维阻燃和后整理阻燃两种。纤维阻燃是在原料中加入阻燃剂后纺丝,其阻燃性能相对较好,但成本相对较高;后整理阻燃是在已有的成品表面进行阻燃涂料的整理,其成本便宜,相对阻燃效果较差。日常阻燃产品中用到的后整理阻燃居多。
专利CN200810104239.8提供了一种用于高强涤纶长丝织物的复合型阻燃胶及整理方法,采用二组分阻燃涂层胶,分别为无机磷系阻燃胶和溴-锑系阻燃胶,该涂层胶在织物中有一定的渗透性和防水性,可以更好的发挥阻燃作用,但会产生大量有毒烟雾,造成身体伤害并污染环境。专利CN201710182842.7提供了一种阻燃织物及用于阻燃织物的阻燃胶以及阻燃胶的制备方法,利用无卤磷氮氨系阻燃粉作为阻燃剂,无卤低毒无腐蚀性,制备的阻燃胶具有优异的阻燃性能,织物柔软,操作简单。但这些均为考虑到织物在燃烧时会出现熔融滴落物,进一步扩大燃烧面积,增加损失。而且织物带来的持久性的静电会导致人体血液pH身高,血钙减少,影响各类器官、皮肤的基因的正常表达,所以具有抗静电的阻燃胶也是人们需要关注的一个点。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明第一方面提供了一种耐高温型无卤阻燃胶:按重量百分比计,其包括如下组分:
聚乙烯醇(2~10%)、交联剂(2~10%)、水性乳液(16~25%)、阻燃剂(28~50%)、无机化合物(1~9%)、金属化合物(4~8%)、发泡剂(1~10%)、稳泡剂(2~10%)、增稠剂(2~9%)、去离子水。
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述聚乙烯醇聚合度为300~2500,醇解度为80~95%;
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述交联剂选自硼砂、硼酸、三偏磷酸钠中的一种或多种的混合;
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述水性乳液选自环氧树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚乳液、丙烯酸乳液、聚氨酯乳液、丁苯乳液、丁腈乳液中的一种或多种;
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述阻燃剂选自氮系列阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂中的一种或多种;
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述氮系列阻燃剂选自三聚氰胺、双氰胺、三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐中的一种或多种;更优选为三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐;
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述磷系阻燃剂选自红磷、聚磷酸铵、间苯二酚双膦酸酯、双酚A二(二苯基膦酸酯)、三苯基膦酸酯中的一种或多种;
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述金属化合物选自三氧化二锑、五氧化二锑、硼酸锌中的一种或多种;更优选为硼酸锌;
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述金属化合物、氮系列阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂重量百分比为1:2~4:2~3,更优选为1:3:2;
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述无机化合物选自钛酸钾晶须、氧化锌晶须、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁中的一种或多种;
作为一种优选的实施方式,发泡剂选自十二烷基硫酸钠、醇醚羧酸钠、环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物中的一种或多种;
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述稳泡剂选自聚乙二醇、氧化胺、硬脂酸胺中的一种或多种;
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述增稠剂选自丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酰胺、椰子油酰胺中的一种或多种;
本发明第二方面提供了一种耐高温型无卤阻燃胶的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)加水在70~100℃下搅拌溶解聚乙烯醇4~12h,完全溶解后加入交联剂反应1~3h形成均匀的溶液;
(2)于步骤(1)所述溶液中加入水性乳液、阻燃剂、金属化合物、无机化合物,搅拌使其均匀分散1~2h;
(3)于步骤(2)所述的溶液中边搅拌边加入发泡剂、稳泡剂,用时30~60min;
(4)于步骤(3)所述的溶液中边搅拌边加入增稠剂,用时30~60min;
(5)降温过滤即得阻燃胶。
本发明第三方面提供了一种具有阻燃性能的织物,其是由上述阻燃胶整理到织物表面所得:
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述整理方式包括喷淋、浸渍、纺丝中的一种;
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述阻燃胶与织物的质量比为1~5:1,优选为2:1;
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述整理时间为2~5h。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本申请中通过在水性乳液中加入双酚A二(二苯基)膦酸酯、硼酸锌、三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐作为阻燃胶的有效阻燃成分,阻燃效果高效持久,耐高温性好,受光稳定剂作用的影响小,同时加入了聚乙烯醇和氢氧化铝,显著提高了其阻燃效果,也有一定的阻碍复燃的效果,同时减少了制备的阻燃织物在燃烧过程中熔融滴物的产生量,燃烧过程中无毒烟产生,是一种无卤环保绿色的阻燃胶,同时在体系中加入氧化锌晶须,使制备的阻燃胶也具有优异的抗静电性能。
(2)聚乙烯醇是一种含有多羟基的水溶性聚合物,当处于高热量环境下,碳链上的羟基会脱离碳链,使碳链成为活性炭进而形成绝缘层以阻止热传递,通过在阻燃胶体系中加入聚合度为1700~1800,醇解度为88%的聚乙烯醇时,保证织物燃烧时成碳性好,具有极佳的耐烧穿性,同时也避免了燃烧滴落物,进一步防止了滴落物引发的燃烧面扩大,达到很好的阻燃效果。
(3)本申请中使用磷系阻燃剂和氮系阻燃剂组合物作为阻燃胶的主要成分。磷系阻燃剂选用双酚A二(二苯基膦酸酯)与高聚物的相容性好,可以很好的分散于水性乳液中形成稳定均匀的乳液,而且其在燃烧过程中生成焦磷酸保护膜阻断氧的供应,另一方面促进成碳,高效地实现阻燃。而氮系阻燃剂毒性小,阻燃效率高,热分解温度高,选用的三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐高白度、分散性好,在原有阻燃体系中加入三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐,三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐自身燃烧产生不易燃烧的气体如NH3、H2O、NO2、N2等,阻断氧气供应,另一方面其产生的气体与焦磷酸保护层反应生成磷-碳泡沫层,进一步阻断氧气供应,达到阻燃效果。硼酸锌、三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐、双酚A二(二苯基膦酸酯)重量百分比为1:3:2时,三者协同作用,扩大覆盖密度与覆盖面积,有效提升阻燃效果。此外,三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐的加入可以与聚乙烯醇共同作用,保证织物燃烧时无熔融滴落现象,降低损失。
(4)在硼酸锌、三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐、双酚A二(二苯基膦酸酯)的阻燃体系中,加入的氢氧化铝能够在分解过程中通过吸收大量的热,降低聚合物周围的温度,并释放产生的水蒸气稀释了周围的氧气浓度,并且其生成的金属氧化物混合物残渣会覆盖在基体材料的表面,延缓基体的燃烧降解。更重要的是,这些金属氧化物混合物残渣能够吸收烟尘及可燃性气体,抑制聚合物在燃烧过程中烟尘的释放,降低由烟雾带来的救援难度。
(5)本申请中通过加入一定比例的交联剂、发泡剂、稳泡剂、增稠剂等组分,与阻燃剂的有效组份共同混合成功制备耐高温的无卤阻燃胶,该方法制备成本低、工艺简单,操作条件温和,其应用广泛,如作为涂层整理到各种织物表面。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
1.一种耐高温型无卤阻燃胶,其包括如下组分:
聚乙烯醇(7%)、交联剂(4%)、水性乳液(20%)、阻燃剂(35%)、无机化合物(2%)、金属化合物(7%)、发泡剂(2%)、稳泡剂(2%)、增稠剂(3%)、去离子水(余量补足至100%);
所述聚乙烯醇聚合度为1700,醇解度为88%(购自上海凯茵化工有限公司);
所述交联剂为硼砂;
所述水性乳液为环氧树脂、丙烯酸乳液、聚氨酯乳液,其重量百分比为1:1:1;
所述阻燃剂为三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(CAS号:37640-57-6)、双酚A二(二苯基膦酸酯)(CAS号:5945-33-5);
所述金属化合物为硼酸锌(CAS号:10361-94-1);
所述金属化合物、氮系列阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂的重量百分比为1:3:2;
所述无机化合物为氧化锌晶须(上海紫一试剂厂)、氢氧化铝,其重量百分比为1:1;
所述发泡剂为十二烷基硫酸钠;
所述稳泡剂为硬脂酸胺(CAS号:124-26-5);
所述增稠剂为丙烯酸丁酯(CAS号:141-32-2);
2.一种耐高温型无卤阻燃胶的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
(1)加水在85℃下搅拌溶解聚乙烯醇12h,完全溶解后加入交联剂反应3h形成均匀的溶液;
(2)于步骤(1)所述溶液中加入水性乳液、阻燃剂、金属化合物、无机化合物,搅拌使其均匀分散1.5h;
(3)于步骤(2)所述的溶液中边搅拌边加入发泡剂、稳泡剂,用时40min;
(4)于步骤(3)所述的溶液中边搅拌边加入增稠剂,用时30min;
(5)降温至25℃过滤即得阻燃胶。
3.一种具有阻燃性能的织物,由上述阻燃胶整理到织物表面所得。
所述整理方式为浸渍;
所述阻燃胶与织物的质量比为2:1,整理时间为4h,然后100℃烘干1h即得阻燃织物。
实施例2:
1.一种耐高温型无卤阻燃胶,其包括如下组分:
聚乙烯醇(7%)、交联剂(4%)、水性乳液(20%)、阻燃剂(35%)、无机化合物(2%)、金属化合物(7%)、发泡剂(2%)、稳泡剂(2%)、增稠剂(3%)、去离子水(余量补足至100%);
所述聚乙烯醇聚合度为2400解度为88%(购自上海凯茵化工有限公司);
所述交联剂为硼砂;
所述水性乳液为环氧树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚乳液、聚氨酯乳液,其重量百分比为1:1:1;
所述阻燃剂为三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐、双酚A二(二苯基膦酸酯);
所述金属化合物为硼酸锌;
所述金属化合物、氮系列阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂的重量百分比为1:3:2;
所述无机化合物为氧化锌晶须、氢氧化铝,其重量百分比为1:1;
所述发泡剂为十二烷基硫酸钠;
所述稳泡剂为硬脂酸胺;
所述增稠剂为丙烯酸丁酯;
2.一种耐高温型无卤阻燃胶的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
(1)加水在85℃下搅拌溶解聚乙烯醇12h,完全溶解后加入交联剂反应3h形成均匀的溶液;
(2)于步骤(1)所述溶液中加入水性乳液、阻燃剂、金属化合物、无机化合物,搅拌使其均匀分散1.5h;
(3)于步骤(2)所述的溶液中边搅拌边加入发泡剂、稳泡剂,用时40min;
(4)于步骤(3)所述的溶液中边搅拌边加入增稠剂,用时30min;
(5)降温至25℃过滤即得阻燃胶。
3.一种具有阻燃性能的织物,由上述阻燃胶整理到织物表面所得。
所述整理方式为浸渍;
所述阻燃胶与织物的质量比为2:1,整理时间为4h,然后100℃烘干1h即得阻燃织物。对比例1:
1.一种耐高温型无卤阻燃胶,其包括如下组分:
聚乙烯醇(7%)、交联剂(4%)、水性乳液(20%)、阻燃剂(28%)、无机化合物(2%)、金属化合物(7%)、发泡剂(2%)、稳泡剂(2%)、增稠剂(3%)、去离子水(余量补足至100%);
所述聚乙烯醇聚合度为1700,醇解度为88%(购自上海凯茵化工有限公司);
所述交联剂为硼砂;
所述水性乳液为环氧树脂、丙烯酸乳液、聚氨酯乳液,其重量百分比为1:1:1;
所述阻燃剂为三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐、双酚A二(二苯基膦酸酯);
所述金属化合物为硼酸锌;
所述金属化合物、氮系列阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂的重量百分比为1:1:3;
所述无机化合物为氧化锌晶须、氢氧化铝,其重量百分比为1:1;
所述发泡剂为十二烷基硫酸钠;
所述稳泡剂为硬脂酸胺;
所述增稠剂为丙烯酸丁酯;
2.一种耐高温型无卤阻燃胶的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
(1)加水在85℃下搅拌溶解聚乙烯醇12h,完全溶解后加入交联剂反应3h形成均匀的溶液;
(2)于步骤(1)所述溶液中加入水性乳液、阻燃剂、金属化合物、无机化合物,搅拌使其均匀分散1.5h;
(3)于步骤(2)所述的溶液中边搅拌边加入发泡剂、稳泡剂,用时40min;
(4)于步骤(3)所述的溶液中边搅拌边加入增稠剂,用时30min;
(5)降温至25℃过滤即得阻燃胶。
3.一种具有阻燃性能的织物,由上述阻燃胶整理到织物表面所得。
所述整理方式为浸渍;
所述阻燃胶与织物的质量比为2:1,整理时间为4h,然后100℃烘干1h即得阻燃织物。对比例2:
1.一种耐高温型无卤阻燃胶,其包括如下组分:
聚乙烯醇(7%)、交联剂(4%)、水性乳液(20%)、阻燃剂(35%)、无机化合物(2%)、金属化合物(7%)、发泡剂(2%)、稳泡剂(2%)、增稠剂(3%)、去离子水(余量补足至100%);
所述聚乙烯醇聚合度为1700,醇解度为88%;
所述交联剂为硼砂;
所述水性乳液为环氧树脂、丙烯酸乳液、聚氨酯乳液,其重量百分比比为1:1:1;
所述阻燃剂为三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐、双酚A二(二苯基膦酸酯);
所述金属化合物为硼酸锌;
所述金属化合物、氮系列阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂的重量百分比为1:4:1;
所述无机化合物为氧化锌晶须、氢氧化铝,其重量百分比为1:1;
所述发泡剂为十二烷基硫酸钠;
所述稳泡剂为硬脂酸胺;
所述增稠剂为丙烯酸丁酯;
2.一种耐高温型无卤阻燃胶的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
(1)加水在85℃下搅拌溶解聚乙烯醇12h,完全溶解后加入交联剂反应3h形成均匀的溶液;
(2)于步骤(1)所述溶液中加入水性乳液、阻燃剂、金属化合物、无机化合物,搅拌使其均匀分散1.5h;
(3)于步骤(2)所述的溶液中边搅拌边加入发泡剂、稳泡剂,用时40min;
(4)于步骤(3)所述的溶液中边搅拌边加入增稠剂,用时30min;
(5)降温至25℃过滤即得阻燃胶。
3.一种具有阻燃性能的织物,由上述阻燃胶整理到织物表面所得。
所述整理方式为浸渍;
所述阻燃胶与织物的质量比为2:1,整理时间为4h,然后100℃烘干1h即得阻燃织物。对比例3:
1.一种耐高温型无卤阻燃胶,其包括如下组分:
聚乙烯醇(7%)、交联剂(4%)、水性乳液(20%)、阻燃剂(35%)、无机化合物(2%)、金属化合物(7%)、发泡剂(2%)、稳泡剂(2%)、增稠剂(3%)、去离子水(余量补足至100%);
所述聚乙烯醇聚合度为1700,醇解度为88%(购自上海凯茵化工有限公司);
所述交联剂为硼砂;
所述水性乳液为环氧树脂、丙烯酸乳液、聚氨酯乳液,其重量百分比为1:1:1;
所述阻燃剂为三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐、双酚A二(二苯基膦酸酯);
所述金属化合物为硼酸锌;
所述金属化合物、氮系列阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂的重量百分比为1:3:2;
所述无机化合物为氧化锌晶须;
所述发泡剂为十二烷基硫酸钠;
所述稳泡剂为硬脂酸胺;
所述增稠剂为丙烯酸丁酯;
2.一种耐高温型无卤阻燃胶的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
(1)加水在85℃下搅拌溶解聚乙烯醇12h,完全溶解后加入交联剂反应3h形成均匀的溶液;
(2)于步骤(1)所述溶液中加入水性乳液、阻燃剂、金属化合物、无机化合物,搅拌使其均匀分散1.5h;
(3)于步骤(2)所述的溶液中边搅拌边加入发泡剂、稳泡剂,用时40min;
(4)于步骤(3)所述的溶液中边搅拌边加入增稠剂,用时30min;
(5)降温至25℃过滤即得阻燃胶。
3.一种具有阻燃性能的织物,由上述阻燃胶整理到织物表面所得。
所述整理方式为浸渍;
所述阻燃胶与织物的质量比为2:1,整理时间为4h,然后100℃烘干1h即得阻燃织物。
性能测试:
1、阻燃性能:按照GB/T5455评判织物的阻燃性能。
阻燃效果:实施例1、2中所得织物续燃时间0s;对比例1、2所述织物续燃时间1s;对比例3所述织物续燃时间2s;
损毁长度:实施例1中所得织物损毁长度13cm;实施例2中所得织物损毁长度13.2cm;对比例1中所得织物损毁长度16.6cm;对比例2中所得织物损毁长度16cm;对比例3中所得织物损毁长度17.1cm。
2、耐洗性能:按照GB/T17591评估织物的阻燃胶涂层的耐洗性能。实施例1、2所得织物为B1级;对比例1、2、3所得织物为B2级。
Claims (3)
1.一种耐高温型无卤阻燃胶,其特征在于,按重量百分比计,包括如下组分:
聚乙烯醇2~10%、交联剂2~10%、水性乳液16~25%、阻燃剂30~50%、无机化合物1~9%、金属化合物4~8%、发泡剂1~10%、稳泡剂2~10%、增稠剂2~9%、余量为去离子水;
所述聚乙烯醇聚合度为1700,醇解度为88%;
所述水性乳液为环氧树脂、丙烯酸乳液和聚氨酯乳液,重量百分比为1:1:1;
所述阻燃剂为三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐,双酚A双(二苯基磷酸酯);
所述金属化合物、三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐、双酚A双(二苯基磷酸酯)的重量百分比为1:3:2;
所述金属化合物为硼酸锌;
所述无机化合物为氧化锌晶须、氢氧化铝,重量百分比为1:1;
所述发泡剂为十二烷基硫酸钠;
所述稳泡剂为硬脂酸胺;
所述增稠剂为丙烯酸丁酯。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的耐高温型无卤阻燃胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)加水在70~100℃下搅拌溶解聚乙烯醇4~12h,完全溶解后加入交联剂反应1~3h形成均匀的溶液;
(2)于步骤(1)所述溶液中加入水性乳液、阻燃剂、金属化合物、无机化合物,搅拌使其均匀分散1~2h;
(3)于步骤(2)所述的溶液中边搅拌边加入发泡剂、稳泡剂,用时30~60min;
(4)于步骤(3)所述的溶液中边搅拌边加入增稠剂,用时30~60min;
(5)降温过滤即得阻燃胶。
3.一种具有阻燃性能的织物,其是由如权利要求1所述的阻燃胶整理到织物表面所得:
整理方式为浸渍;
阻燃胶与织物的质量比为1~5:1;
整理时间为2~5h。
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