CN115142256B - 一种阻燃布料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种阻燃布料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115142256B
CN115142256B CN202210987941.3A CN202210987941A CN115142256B CN 115142256 B CN115142256 B CN 115142256B CN 202210987941 A CN202210987941 A CN 202210987941A CN 115142256 B CN115142256 B CN 115142256B
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袁志清
�田�浩
马育松
张向丽
李颖
贾海涛
刘宇辉
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Shijiazhuang Customs Technology Center
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Abstract

本发明属于纺织布料技术领域，本发明提供了一种阻燃布料及其制备方法。本发明的阻燃布料包括基布和阻燃层，阻燃层是由基布浸泡在阻燃溶液中在表面形成的涂层，所用的阻燃溶液包括以下重量份的组分：植酸20～30份，硫酸镁5～15份，氧化石墨1～10份，碳酸氢钠1～10份，尿素1～5份，水40～70份。本发明制备的阻燃布料具有耐久性的阻燃性能，且不随着洗涤次数的增多而降低，由于阻燃层中不存在卤素，可避免布料对环境和人体造成的危害。

Description

一种阻燃布料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织布料技术领域，尤其涉及一种阻燃布料及其制备方法。
背景技术
在日常生活中，可燃材料所引发的火灾对人们的生命与财产的安全造成了巨大的威胁，因此需要对这些可燃材料进行阻燃处理，从而降低火灾的隐患与风险。布料是生活中常用的材料，而且绝大多数的布料属于易燃物，具有潜在的火灾风险，而具有防火阻燃性能的纺织布料常常应用于一些特殊行业，例如石油化工、天然气、消防、军警、航空等，其主要是通过在布料中添加阻燃剂的方式实现阻燃效果，但是这些布料中采用的原料多数为四羟甲基氯化磷，含有卤素，在使用中产生的有害气体不仅破坏了生态环境，同时也影响着人们的身体健康，并且阻燃效果也不稳定。
因此，如何提供一种不含卤素且阻燃效果优异的阻燃布料应用于人们日常生活中成为了本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种阻燃布料及其制备方法，其目的是解决现有阻燃布料阻燃效果差，且含有卤素，在使用中会产生有害气体等技术问题。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
本发明提供了一种阻燃布料，包括基布和阻燃层，阻燃层是由基布浸泡在阻燃溶液中在表面形成的涂层；
所述基布由棉纤维、涤纶纤维和腈纶纤维组成；
所述阻燃溶液包括以下重量份的组分：植酸20～30份，硫酸镁5～15份，氧化石墨1～10份，碳酸氢钠1～10份，尿素1～5份，水40～70份。
进一步的，所述棉纤维、涤纶纤维和腈纶纤维的质量比为5～7：1～2：1～3。
本发明提供了上述阻燃布料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将植酸、硫酸镁、氧化石墨、碳酸氢钠、尿素和水混合得到阻燃溶液；
S2、对阻燃溶液进行陈化处理；
S3、将棉纤维、涤纶纤维和腈纶纤维进行混织，得到基布；
S4、将基布浸泡在陈化处理后的阻燃溶液中进行扎吸处理；
S5、将扎吸处理后的基布烘干即得阻燃布料。
进一步的，所述步骤S1中，混合的温度为30～50℃，混合的时间为5～20min。
进一步的，所述步骤S2中，陈化处理的时间为1～2h。
进一步的，所述步骤S4中，扎吸处理的带液率为70～90％。
进一步的，所述步骤S5中，烘干的温度为80～100℃，时间为20～40min。
经由上述的技术方案可知，与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果如下：
在本发明中，植酸具有无毒无味、高热稳定性和高阻燃效率等优点，且还具有优异的抗氧化性能，可提升布料的使用寿命；硫酸镁高温分解成氧化镁、二氧化硫和氧气，氧化镁不仅可以隔绝火源，而且还能中和二氧化硫，抑制有害气体的产生；氧化石墨在火灾发生时会迅速膨胀，形成碳层从而抑制火焰蔓延；碳酸氢钠受热会迅速分解产生二氧化碳，水蒸气及金属氧化物，不燃性气体会有效抑制火焰燃烧速度；所有组分共同作用，不仅不会产生有害气体，阻燃效果也非常稳定。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种阻燃布料，包括基布和阻燃层，阻燃层是由基布浸泡在阻燃溶液中在表面形成的涂层；
所述基布由棉纤维、涤纶纤维和腈纶纤维组成；
所述阻燃溶液包括以下重量份的组分：植酸20～30份，硫酸镁5～15份，氧化石墨1～10份，碳酸氢钠1～10份，尿素1～5份，水40～70份。
所述阻燃溶液优选包含以下重量份的组分：植酸22～28份，硫酸镁6～13份，氧化石墨2～7份，碳酸氢钠3～8份，尿素2～4份，水50～65份。
所述阻燃溶液进一步优选包含以下重量份的组分：植酸24～26份，硫酸镁7～11份，氧化石墨4～5份，碳酸氢钠5～6份，尿素3份，水55～60份。
在本发明中，所述棉纤维、涤纶纤维和腈纶纤维的质量比为5～7：1～2：1～3，优选为6：2：2。
本发明提供了上述阻燃布料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将植酸、硫酸镁、氧化石墨、碳酸氢钠、尿素和水混合得到阻燃溶液；
S2、对阻燃溶液进行陈化处理；
S3、将棉纤维、涤纶纤维和腈纶纤维进行混织，得到基布；
S4、将基布浸泡在陈化处理后的阻燃溶液中进行扎吸处理；
S5、将扎吸处理后的基布烘干即得阻燃布料。
在本发明中，所述步骤S1中，混合的温度为30～50℃，优选为35～45℃，进一步优选为36～42℃；混合的时间为5～20min，优选为6～18min，进一步优选为8～15min。
在本发明中，所述步骤S2中，陈化处理的时间为1～2h，优选为1.5h。
在本发明中，所述步骤S4中，扎吸处理的带液率为70～90％，优选为75～85％，进一步优选为78～83％。
在本发明中，所述步骤S5中，烘干的温度为80～100℃，优选为85～95℃，进一步优选为88～94℃；时间为20～40min，优选为24～36min，进一步优选为27～33min。
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例所用阻燃溶液包括以下重量份的组分：植酸22份，硫酸镁7份，氧化石墨4份，碳酸氢钠6份，尿素2份，水50份。
将植酸、硫酸镁、氧化石墨、碳酸氢钠、尿素和水在40℃下搅拌10min得到阻燃溶液；再将阻燃溶液陈化处理1.5h；将棉纤维、涤纶纤维和腈纶纤维按质量比6：2：2进行混织，得到基布；再将基布浸泡在陈化处理后的阻燃溶液中进行扎吸处理，其中，扎吸处理的带液率为82％；最后将扎吸处理后的基布在90℃下干燥30min即得阻燃布料。
实施例2
本实施例所用阻燃溶液包括以下重量份的组分：植酸24份，硫酸镁8份，氧化石墨5份，碳酸氢钠7份，尿素4份，水60份。
将植酸、硫酸镁、氧化石墨、碳酸氢钠、尿素和水在44℃下搅拌12min得到阻燃溶液；再将阻燃溶液陈化处理1h；将棉纤维、涤纶纤维和腈纶纤维按质量比6：2：2进行混织，得到基布；再将基布浸泡在陈化处理后的阻燃溶液中进行扎吸处理，其中，扎吸处理的带液率为88％；最后将扎吸处理后的基布在85℃下干燥35min即得阻燃布料。
实施例3
本实施例所用阻燃溶液包括以下重量份的组分：植酸26份，硫酸镁11份，氧化石墨7份，碳酸氢钠2份，尿素5份，水55份。
将植酸、硫酸镁、氧化石墨、碳酸氢钠、尿素和水在34℃下搅拌13min得到阻燃溶液；再将阻燃溶液陈化处理2h；将棉纤维、涤纶纤维和腈纶纤维按质量比6：2：2进行混织，得到基布；再将基布浸泡在陈化处理后的阻燃溶液中进行扎吸处理，其中，扎吸处理的带液率为90％；最后将扎吸处理后的基布在95℃下干燥30min即得阻燃布料。
实施例4
本实施例所用阻燃溶液包括以下重量份的组分：植酸28份，硫酸镁14份，氧化石墨8份，碳酸氢钠5份，尿素4份，水70份。
将植酸、硫酸镁、氧化石墨、碳酸氢钠、尿素和水在45℃下搅拌15min得到阻燃溶液；再将阻燃溶液陈化处理2h；将棉纤维、涤纶纤维和腈纶纤维按质量比6：2：2进行混织，得到基布；再将基布浸泡在陈化处理后的阻燃溶液中进行扎吸处理，其中，扎吸处理的带液率为90％；最后将扎吸处理后的基布在100℃下干燥20min即得阻燃布料。
实施例5
本实施例所用阻燃溶液包括以下重量份的组分：植酸25份，硫酸镁10份，氧化石墨5份，碳酸氢钠5份，尿素3份，水55份。
将植酸、硫酸镁、氧化石墨、碳酸氢钠、尿素和水在40℃下搅拌10min得到阻燃溶液；再将阻燃溶液陈化处理1.5h；将棉纤维、涤纶纤维和腈纶纤维按质量比6：2：2进行混织，得到基布；再将基布浸泡在陈化处理后的阻燃溶液中进行扎吸处理，其中，扎吸处理的带液率为86％；最后将扎吸处理后的基布在90℃下干燥30min即得阻燃布料。
性能测试
将实施例1～5制备的阻燃布料采用“GB/T5455纺织品燃烧性能试验：垂直法”测试各项性能参数，结果见表1。
表1实施例1～5制备的阻燃布料的性能测试结果
由表1可得，本发明所制备的阻燃布料阻燃效果好，多次洗涤，依然保证良好的阻燃性。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种阻燃布料，其特征在于，包括基布和阻燃层，阻燃层是由基布浸泡在阻燃溶液中在表面形成的涂层；
所述基布由棉纤维、涤纶纤维和腈纶纤维组成；
所述阻燃溶液包括以下重量份的组分：植酸20～30份，硫酸镁5～15份，氧化石墨1～10份，碳酸氢钠1～10份，尿素1～5份，水40～70份；
所述阻燃布料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、将植酸、硫酸镁、氧化石墨、碳酸氢钠、尿素和水混合得到阻燃溶液；
S2、对阻燃溶液进行陈化处理；
S3、将棉纤维、涤纶纤维和腈纶纤维进行混织，得到基布；
S4、将基布浸泡在陈化处理后的阻燃溶液中进行扎吸处理；
S5、将扎吸处理后的基布烘干即得阻燃布料；
所述步骤S2中，陈化处理的时间为1～2h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃布料，其特征在于，所述棉纤维、涤纶纤维和腈纶纤维的质量比为5～7：1～2：1～3。
3.权利要求1～2任一项所述阻燃布料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1、将植酸、硫酸镁、氧化石墨、碳酸氢钠、尿素和水混合得到阻燃溶液；
S2、对阻燃溶液进行陈化处理；
S3、将棉纤维、涤纶纤维和腈纶纤维进行混织，得到基布；
S4、将基布浸泡在陈化处理后的阻燃溶液中进行扎吸处理；
S5、将扎吸处理后的基布烘干即得阻燃布料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，混合的温度为30～50℃，混合的时间为5～20min。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S4中，扎吸处理的带液率为70～90％。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S5中，烘干的温度为80～100℃，时间为20～40min。
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