CN108660757A - 一种用于纺织品阻燃剂 - Google Patents

一种用于纺织品阻燃剂 Download PDF

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CN108660757A
CN108660757A CN201810490775.XA CN201810490775A CN108660757A CN 108660757 A CN108660757 A CN 108660757A CN 201810490775 A CN201810490775 A CN 201810490775A CN 108660757 A CN108660757 A CN 108660757A
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flame retardant
textile
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modified cellulose
acid
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包志泉
乐启发
包充宇
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Zhejiang Hong Hao Science And Technology Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及阻燃剂领域，尤其是涉及一种用于纺织品阻燃剂。该阻燃剂包括按重量份计的如下组分：磷酸间苯二酚酯30~40份，改性纤维素20~30份、苯乙酸10~15份，氧化铜1~2份，硅烷偶联剂0.2~0.3份。本发明阻燃剂利用织物在燃烧过程中在织物表面形成双层的保护结构，从而使阻燃剂具有较好的阻燃性能。

Description

一种用于纺织品阻燃剂
技术领域
本发明涉及阻燃剂技术领域，尤其是涉及一种用于纺织品阻燃剂。
背景技术
近年来随着装饰用纺织品消费量的迅速增长，由纺织品引起的火灾不断增加，其中以床上用品、家居装饰用布起火的主要原因。燃烧的纺织品与人体接触后，轻则造成皮肤灼伤，重则危及生命。纺织品燃烧过程中，释放出的大量有害气体也会危及人的健康，包括如一氧化碳会造成人窒息而亡，因此提高纺织品的阻燃性能具有重要意义。用于纺织品的阻燃剂必须是环境和省力安全的、与织物相容、不损害织物的美观和纹理特性，并且必须耐受大量的洗涤和清洁。传统的含卤型阻燃剂虽然性能优越，但因在燃烧过程中会产生大量的有害气体，在环保问题上饱受非议，无机磷系阻燃剂虽然毒性小，价格低，但是阻燃效果一般，尤其是用在易燃的纺织品上时，往往达不到预期的阻燃效果。
发明内容
本发明是为了克服现有技术磷系阻燃剂阻燃性能差问题，提供一种阻燃性能好的磷系阻燃剂。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：一种用于纺织品阻燃剂，包括按重量份计的如下组分：
磷酸间苯二酚酯30～40份，改性纤维素20～30份、苯乙酸10～15份，氧化铜1～2份，硅烷偶联剂0.2～0.3份。
本发明使用有机的磷酸间苯二酚酯为阻燃剂的基本成分，磷酸间苯二酚酯燃烧过程中不产生有毒有害气体，绿色环保，安全；苯乙酸具有较高的C/H比，容易在织物表面发生碳化，生成碳化膜，改性纤维素和具有氧化作用的氧化铜能够促使苯乙酸在燃烧初始低温条件下发生碳化，在织物表面包覆一层碳化膜，从而将外部空气隔绝，组织织物发生燃烧；另外，在高温条件下，改性纤维素和磷酸间苯二酚酯发生交联作用，在碳化膜外部交联形成三维网络状化合物，三维网状化合物具有较好的热稳定性，能够起到吸热和隔热的作用，从而起到阻燃的作用；本发明在碳化膜外部覆盖一层三维网络化合物，形成双层保护结构，大大提高织物的阻燃性能；硅烷偶联剂能够对氧化铜起到分散的作用，提高织物的阻燃性能。
作为优选，所述硅烷偶联剂为丁二烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种。
作为优选，所述改性纤维素的制备方法如下：将2～4g超支化聚乙烯亚胺加入60～80mL去离子水中，进行超声振荡形成超支化聚乙烯亚胺溶液，然后加入5～8g醛基纤维素和2～3g环氧大豆油，加入酸液调节pH值为4～5，升温至50～60℃，搅拌反应2～5h，再加入0.01～0.02mol二烯基三乙氧基硅烷和2～3g氧化铝，搅拌1～3h，过滤后使用去离子水清洗，然后在放入真空干燥箱中进行干燥，得到改性纤维素。
醛基纤维素上的醛基能与超支化聚乙烯亚胺上的氨基发生反应，醛基纤维素与超支化聚乙烯亚胺发生交联，形成热稳定性好的三维网状结构，大大增加醛基纤维素的热稳定性，三维网状结构在高温的条件下能够与三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐阻燃剂发生交联作用，进一步提高阻燃剂的阻燃性能；通过硅烷偶联剂将氧化铝接枝到三维网状结构中上能够增加其吸热性能；另外氧化铝能够提高涤纶的强度，增加材料的力学性能。
作为优选，所述超支化聚乙烯亚胺分子量为10000Da或70000Da。
作为优选，所述真空干燥温度为50～60℃，真空干燥时间为4～6h。
作为优选，所述酸液为稀盐酸、稀硫酸、乙酸中的一种。
因此，本发明具有如下有益效果：(1)燃烧无烟无毒，绿色环保，不会对人身体造成伤害；(2)燃烧过程中形成双层保护结构，大大提高织物的阻燃性能。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案做进一步说明。
本发明中，若非特指，所采用的原料和设备等均可从市场购得或是本领域常用的，实施例中的方法，如无特别说明，均为本领域的常规方法。
实施例1
一种用于纺织品阻燃剂，包括按重量份计的如下组分：
磷酸间苯二酚酯30份，改性纤维素20份、苯乙酸10份，氧化铜1份，丁二烯基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂0.2份。
改性纤维素的制备方法如下：
将2g分子量为10000Da超支化聚乙烯亚胺加入60去离子水中，进行超声振荡形成超支化聚乙烯亚胺溶液，然后加入5g醛基纤维素和2g环氧大豆油，加入稀盐酸调节pH值为4，升温至50℃，搅拌反应2h，再加入0.01mol二烯基三乙氧基硅烷和2g氧化铝，搅拌1h，过滤后使用去离子水清洗，然后在放入真空干燥箱中进行干燥，真空干燥温度为50℃，真空干燥时间为4h，得到改性纤维素。
实施例2
一种用于纺织品阻燃剂，包括按重量份计的如下组分：
磷酸间苯二酚酯34份，改性纤维素25份、苯乙酸12份，氧化铜1份，乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂0.2份。
改性纤维素的制备方法如下：
将2.5g分子量为70000Da超支化聚乙烯亚胺加入65mL去离子水中，进行超声振荡形成超支化聚乙烯亚胺溶液，然后加入6g醛基纤维素和2.2g环氧大豆油，加入稀硫酸调节pH值为4，升温至55℃，搅拌反应3h，再加入0.01mol二烯基三乙氧基硅烷和2.2g氧化铝，搅拌1h，过滤后使用去离子水清洗，然后在放入真空干燥箱中进行干燥，真空干燥温度为55℃，真空干燥时间为4.5h，得到改性纤维素。
实施例3
一种用于纺织品阻燃剂，包括按重量份计的如下组分：
磷酸间苯二酚酯35份，改性纤维素26份、苯乙酸13份，氧化铜1.5份，乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷偶联剂0.25份。
改性纤维素的制备方法如下：
将3g分子量为10000Da超支化聚乙烯亚胺加入70mL去离子水中，进行超声振荡形成超支化聚乙烯亚胺溶液，然后加入6.5g醛基纤维素和2.4g环氧大豆油，加入乙酸调节pH值为4.5，升温至56℃，搅拌反应3.5h，再加入0.02mol二烯基三乙氧基硅烷和2.5g氧化铝，搅拌2h，过滤后使用去离子水清洗，然后在放入真空干燥箱中进行干燥，真空干燥温度为56℃，真空干燥时间为5h，得到改性纤维素。
实施例4
一种用于纺织品阻燃剂，包括按重量份计的如下组分：
磷酸间苯二酚酯38份，改性纤维素28份、苯乙酸14份，氧化铜2份，丁二烯基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂0.3份。
改性纤维素的制备方法如下：
将3.5g分子量为10000Da超支化聚乙烯亚胺加入75mL去离子水中，进行超声振荡形成超支化聚乙烯亚胺溶液，然后加入7g醛基纤维素和2.5g环氧大豆油，加入稀盐酸调节pH值为5，升温至58℃，搅拌反应4h，再加入0.02mol二烯基三乙氧基硅烷和2.8g氧化铝，搅拌3h，过滤后使用去离子水清洗，然后在放入真空干燥箱中进行干燥，真空干燥温度为58℃，真空干燥时间为5.5h，得到改性纤维素。
实施例5
一种用于纺织品阻燃剂，包括按重量份计的如下组分：
磷酸间苯二酚酯40份，改性纤维素30份、苯乙酸15份，氧化铜2份，乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂0.3份。
改性纤维素的制备方法如下：
将4g分子量为70000Da超支化聚乙烯亚胺加入80mL去离子水中，进行超声振荡形成超支化聚乙烯亚胺溶液，然后加入8g醛基纤维素和3g环氧大豆油，加入稀硫酸调节pH值为5，升温至60℃，搅拌反应5h，再加入0.02mol二烯基三乙氧基硅烷和3g氧化铝，搅拌3h，过滤后使用去离子水清洗，然后在放入真空干燥箱中进行干燥，真空干燥温度为60℃，真空干燥时间为6h，得到改性纤维素。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1的区别在于使用磷酸间苯二酚酯作为阻燃剂。
将实施例1～5和对比例1涂于纺织物上，测试其极限氧指数如下表：
极限氧指数(LOI)
实施例1 38％
实施例2 39％
实施例3 39％
实施例4 41％
实施例5 38％
对比例1 31％
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内，当可利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例，但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于纺织品阻燃剂，其特征在于，包括按重量份计的如下组分：
磷酸间苯二酚酯30~40份，改性纤维素20~30份、苯乙酸10~15份，氧化铜1~2份，硅烷偶联剂0.2~0.3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于纺织品阻燃剂，其特征在于，所述硅烷偶联剂为丁二烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于纺织品阻燃剂，其特征在于，所述改性纤维素的制备方法如下：将2~4g超支化聚乙烯亚胺加入60~80mL去离子水中，进行超声振荡形成超支化聚乙烯亚胺溶液，然后加入5~8g醛基纤维素和2~3g环氧大豆油，加入酸液调节pH值为4~5，升温至50~60℃，搅拌反应2~5h，再加入0.01~0.02mol二烯基三乙氧基硅烷和2~3g氧化铝，搅拌1~3h，过滤后使用去离子水清洗，然后在放入真空干燥箱中进行干燥，得到改性纤维素。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于纺织品阻燃剂，其特征在于，所述超支化聚乙烯亚胺分子量为10000Da或70000Da。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于纺织品阻燃剂，其特征在于，所述真空干燥温度为50~60℃，真空干燥时间为4~6h。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于纺织品阻燃剂，其特征在于，所述酸液为稀盐酸、稀硫酸、乙酸中的一种。
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