CN112692945A - 一种水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN112692945A
CN112692945A CN202011467798.2A CN202011467798A CN112692945A CN 112692945 A CN112692945 A CN 112692945A CN 202011467798 A CN202011467798 A CN 202011467798A CN 112692945 A CN112692945 A CN 112692945A
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安丛举
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Jiangxi Longtai New Material Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料及其制备方法和应用，所述的水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料以水为溶剂，生物基材料壳聚糖和植酸为膨胀型阻燃剂，无机纳米填料为阻隔型阻燃剂，通过协同作用，对去木质素的木材(增大木材表面孔径，利于阻燃剂更好地渗透)具有高效的阻燃作用,垂直燃烧测试可达到V‑0级，极限氧指数超过45％。此外，阻燃涂料无论在生产过程中还是在使用过程中，对人类和环境都无毒害，是一种环境友好型的阻燃涂料。并且，本发明所述的水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料原料易得、用料组分少、生产工艺简单、成本低。同时,阻燃涂料在木材表面的涂覆工艺具有用量少,加工工艺简单的特点，适合大规模的工业化生产。

Description

一种水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料及其制备方法和应用，属于阻燃涂料技术领域。
背景技术
目前，大多数有效的常规的阻燃剂是基于卤素、矿物质和其它化合物研制出来的。然而，其中一些阻燃剂，特别是含有卤素的阻燃剂，对于人类和环境来说是有毒害的。随着人们环境保护和能源危机意识的增强，阻燃剂的绿色化已经成为阻燃技术的必然选择。因此，使用自然界中的生物基材料作为阻燃剂符合绿色战略的要求，这不仅可以缓解能源危机，而且不会造成环境污染。所以，在能源保护和环境安全方面，生物基阻燃剂是传统阻燃剂的潜在替代者。
此外，一种普遍的阻燃处理方法是将阻燃剂添加到聚合物中进行共混以提高阻燃性能。但是在使用阻燃添加剂的过程中一直存在一些问题：增加最终聚合物的粘度和模量而造成后续工业加工困难；降低聚合物本身优秀的性能等，并且，对于生物基阻燃剂而言，其分解温度较低，不适合以添加剂的形式进行阻燃处理。相比于阻燃添加剂，阻燃涂料具有阻燃效率高，对基体固有性质影响小等优点。因此，生物基阻燃涂料具有更好的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服传统阻燃添加剂对人类和环境的毒害和对聚合物固有性能的不利影响等问题，提供了一种水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料及其制备方法和应用，且制备过程简单、安全、环保。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实施的：
一种水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料，包括壳聚糖、植酸、无机纳米填料和去离子水，上述各组分的质量百分含量：1～10％的壳聚糖、1～15％的植酸，1～10％的无机纳米填料，其余为去离子水。进一步地，上述溶液要调节适当的pH值，避免出现沉淀。
本发明所述的水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料：将质量百分比为1～10％的壳聚糖加入到去离子水中，搅拌均匀并调节pH值，使其完全溶解。然后，继续调节pH值，确保加入质量百分比为1～15％的植酸时，无沉淀物产生，搅拌均匀。接下来，向上述混合液中添加1-10％的无机填料，降低涂料的酸性，增加涂料的粘度。最后，常温下抽真空静置脱泡，制得水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料。
采用本发明的阻燃涂料用于阻燃木材处理的方法：首先制得一定尺寸的木材，将木材在50-80℃的真空干燥箱中干燥6-24h，然后使用浓度为10-20Wt％，pH值在7-10之间的亚氯酸钠溶液对木材表面进行去木质素处理1-12h，增大木材表面的孔径，使得阻燃剂更好的渗透到木材中。接下来用水冲洗几次，在45-70℃的条件下干燥12h以上。最后，将制得的水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料均匀地刷涂在木材表面或将木材浸泡到涂料中一段时间，在室温下干燥6h以上即可得到阻燃木材。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明所述的水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料，以水为溶剂，生物基材料壳聚糖和植酸为膨胀型阻燃剂，无机填料为阻隔型阻燃剂，膨胀型阻燃剂和阻隔型阻燃剂协同，使得该涂料阻燃效果显著，垂直燃烧测试可达V-0级，极限氧指数达到45％以上。
(2)涂料体系中只有水、生物基材料和无机材料，无论是在生产过程中还是在使用过程中，对人类和环境都无毒害，是一种环境友好型的膨胀型阻燃涂料。并且本发明所述的水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料原料易得、用料组分少、生产工艺简单、成本低。
(3)在阻燃木材处理过程中，通过去木质化处理，去除木材表面易燃的木质素，增大木材表面的的孔径，使得阻燃剂更好地渗透到木材中，阻燃效果进一步提升。同时，木材的强度也会得到提升，由于阻燃剂的填充和交联作用以及纳米无机填料的弥散强化作用。
(4)纳米无机填料使用的是层状双金属氢氧化物或者金属氢氧化物，能够起到连接涂层的作用，从而增强涂层的强度，也为涂层的隔热起到一定的作用。此外，纳米无机填料，在受热过程中会发生脱水吸热和催化成炭，进一步提升了阻燃性能。
附图说明
图1阻燃木材处理前后和垂直燃烧前后图
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明，所述是对本发明的解释而不是限定。
实施例1
按如下配方称取各组分：3g的壳聚糖，4g的植酸，2g的MgAl-LDH，91g去离子水。
按如下步骤配制水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料：首先将3g壳聚糖分散在91g去离子水中，搅拌均匀并调节pH值使其完全溶解，然后将4g植酸加到上述混合溶液中，搅拌均匀，并无沉淀产生，接下来，向上述混合液中添加2g的无机纳米填料，降低涂料的酸性，增加涂料的粘度，最后常温下抽真空静置脱泡，制得水性环保生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料。
按如下过程对木材进行去木质素处理：首先将木材放入真空干燥箱中，在60℃的条件下干燥12h，干燥后，将木材放入沸腾的重量分数为10Wt％的亚氯酸钠溶液中6h，同时调节pH到9，处理后，用水冲洗几次，在烘箱中干燥12以上。
最后，将上述去木质素处理后的木材浸泡到上述阻燃涂料中5min，取出后在室温下晾干即可。
实施例2
按如下配方称取各组分：4g的壳聚糖，6g的植酸，3g的MgFe-LDH，87g去离子水。
按如下步骤配制水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料：首先将4g壳聚糖分散在87g去离子水中，搅拌均匀并调节pH值使其完全溶解，然后将6g植酸加到上述混合溶液中，搅拌均匀，并无沉淀产生，接下来，向上述混合液中添加3g的无机纳米填料，降低涂料的酸性，增加涂料的粘度，最后常温下抽真空静置脱泡，制得水性环保生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料。
按如下过程对木材进行去木质素处理：首先将木材放入真空干燥箱中，在60℃的条件下干燥12h，干燥后，将木材放入沸腾的重量分数为12Wt％的亚氯酸钠溶液中4h，同时调节pH到9，处理后，用水冲洗几次，在烘箱中干燥12以上。
最后，将上述去木质素处理后的木材浸泡到上述阻燃涂料中10min，取出后在室温下晾干即可。
实施例3
按如下配方称取各组分：2g的壳聚糖，10g的植酸，4g的MnAl-LDH，84g去离子水。
按如下步骤配制水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料：首先将2g壳聚糖分散在84g去离子水中，搅拌均匀并调节pH值使其完全溶解，然后将10g植酸加到上述混合溶液中，搅拌均匀，并无沉淀产生，接下来，向上述混合液中添加4g的无机纳米填料，降低涂料的酸性，增加涂料的粘度，最后常温下抽真空静置脱泡，制得水性环保生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料。
按如下过程对木材进行去木质素处理：首先将木材放入真空干燥箱中，在60℃的条件下干燥12h，干燥后，将木材放入沸腾的重量分数为15Wt％的亚氯酸钠溶液中3h，同时调节pH到9，处理后，用水冲洗几次，在烘箱中干燥12以上。
最后，将上述去木质素处理后的木材浸水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料泡到上述阻燃涂料中5min，取出后在室温下晾干即可。
对实施例1、实施例2和实施例3制得的进行性能检测，检测结果见表1。
表1实施例1、2和3制得的阻燃木材性能检测
Figure BDA0002835054430000051
燃烧测试所选用的木材尺寸分别参考国家垂直燃烧标准《GB/T2408-2008》和美国极限氧指数标准《ASTM D2863》，通过对照可以看到，通过阻燃处理的木材表面光滑透明，垂直燃烧测试结果均达到V-0等级，极限氧指数结果皆＞45。进一步地，通过说明书附图，可以直观地观察到阻燃处理后的木材表面光滑透明，无法被点燃，而未处理的木材则完全燃烧。
最后应说明的是：以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，但是凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料，包括壳聚糖、植酸、无机纳米填料和去离子水，其特征在于：所述壳聚糖质量百分比为1～10％，所述植酸质量百分比为1～15％，所述无机填料质量百分比为1～10％，其余为去离子水；进一步地，上述溶液要调节pH值为3-5，避免形成沉淀。
2.根据权利要求1一种水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料，其特征在于，所述壳聚糖为类白色粉末或片状物，脱乙酰度为75～95％。
3.根据权利要求1一种水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料，其特征在于，所述植酸浓度为30-80％的植酸水溶液。
4.根据权利要求1一种水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料，其特征在于，所述无机纳米填料为层状双金属氢氧化物或金属氢氧化物。
5.一种水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料的制备方法，其特征在于，具体包括如下步骤：
(1)室温下，将质量百分比为1～10％的壳聚糖加入到去离子水中，搅拌均匀并调节pH值为3-5，使其完全溶解；
(2)加入质量百分比为1～15％的植酸时，继续调节pH值为3-5，确保无沉淀物产生，搅拌均匀；
(3)添加1-10％的无机填料，降低涂料的酸性，增加涂料的粘度；
(4)常温下抽真空静置脱泡，制得水性环保生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料。
6.一种如权利要求1所述的水性生物基膨胀型阻燃涂料的应用，其应用于制备阻燃木材。
7.根据权利要求6阻燃木材的处理的方法，其特征在于，具体包括如下步骤：
首先将木材在50-80℃的真空干燥箱中干燥6-24h，然后对木材表面进行去木质素处理，增大木材表面的孔径。接下来，在45-70℃的条件下干燥12h以上，最后，将涂料直接刷涂在木材表面或将木制品浸泡的涂料中，在室温下干燥12h以上即可得到阻燃木制品。
8.根据权利要求7对木材表面进行去木质素处理的过程，其特征在于，将木材浸泡到沸腾的亚氯酸钠溶液中，处理1-12h，然后用水冲洗几次后干燥。
9.根据权利要求8一种去木质素木材的处理过程，其特征在于所述的亚氯酸钠溶液的浓度为10-20％，pH值为7-10。
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