CN106884317B - 阻燃织物及用于阻燃织物的阻燃胶以及阻燃胶的制备方法 - Google Patents

阻燃织物及用于阻燃织物的阻燃胶以及阻燃胶的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106884317B
CN106884317B CN201710182842.7A CN201710182842A CN106884317B CN 106884317 B CN106884317 B CN 106884317B CN 201710182842 A CN201710182842 A CN 201710182842A CN 106884317 B CN106884317 B CN 106884317B
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王教友
王教成
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Qingdao Bo Flame-Retardant Fabric Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种阻燃织物及用于阻燃织物的阻燃胶以及阻燃胶的制备方法，其由水性白乳改性乳液、水溶性高分子增稠剂、发泡剂、稳泡剂、硼酸锌、无卤磷氮氨系阻燃粉、软化水组成。按照上述重量百分比，在搅拌罐中称取定量的软化水，水性白乳改性胶；充分搅拌，然后依次加入发泡剂，稳泡剂；称取硼酸锌，无卤磷氮氨系阻燃粉慢慢均匀地加入混合体中，边加入边搅拌；加入水溶性高分子增稠剂，充分搅拌，过滤出料即得到该阻燃胶。本发明选择无卤磷氮氨系阻燃粉，不含卤素，在燃烧时不会对空气环境造成二次污染，并且不添加甲醛，产品更加环保，硼酸锌作为辅助阻燃剂起到了阻燃的协同作用，本发明具有制备工艺简单、使用效果良好、成本低廉。

Description

阻燃织物及用于阻燃织物的阻燃胶以及阻燃胶的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及阻燃织物技术领域，尤其涉及一种阻燃织物及用于阻燃织物的阻燃胶以及阻燃胶的制备方法。
背景技术
阻燃织物是指接触火焰或炽热物体时能防止本身被点燃或延缓并终止燃烧的织物，分纤维阻燃和后整理阻燃两种。纤维阻燃是指在制备涤纶纤维或粘胶纤维时，通过在纺丝液内添加阻燃剂的方式，使得最终得到的纤维本身具有阻燃性能，使用该阻燃纤维织造出的织物面料则具备阻燃功能。后整理阻燃是指按照普通工艺生产无纺布或者织造布，然后再通过浸渍、涂敷阻燃剂的方式使得无纺布或织造布具备阻燃性能。上述两种方法是目前阻燃面料生产厂家所常用的手段，两种方法各有优缺点，阻燃纤维的阻燃性能相对较好，但是成本略高，一般用来制作消防防护服；后整理阻燃的成本较低，通过阻燃剂的阻燃效果使得面料也具备阻燃性能，由于阻燃剂涂敷在面料表面，不能够充分渗透到面料的内部，因此阻燃效果相对较差。后整理阻燃目前主要用来生产阻燃墙毯、阻燃地毯等用品，尽管阻燃性能相对较差，但仍然能够满足使用环境的阻燃要求，故被广泛应用。因后整理阻燃面料的阻燃性能依赖于阻燃剂的阻燃效果，因此，阻燃剂的优劣直接决定了后整理阻燃面料的阻燃性优劣。
众所周知，阻燃机理是降低材料在火焰中的可燃性，减缓火焰蔓延速度，当火焰移去后材料能很快自动熄灭，减少燃烧。从阻燃过程看，要达到阻燃目的，必须切断由可燃物、热和氧气三要素构成的燃烧循环。
CN 102950632 A公开了一种纤维板使用的高效环保阻燃剂及制备方法，该阻燃剂由甲醛、双氰胺、磷酸二氢铵、硼酸锌、氨水、三乙醇胺、有机溶剂、交联剂及水组成。
上述发明专利申请公布的技术方案，虽然能够使得纤维板具备一定的阻燃性能，但是采用甲醛，有机溶剂采用异丙醇、乙醇等原料，在燃烧时有毒的甲醛挥发，造成了空气的进一步污染，并且异丙醇、乙醇等原料本身就是易燃溶剂，这将直接影响该阻燃剂的阻燃性能。并且该阻燃剂的生产工艺较为复杂，对阻燃剂自身的黏度、密度、固体含量及PH等属性要求较高，生产过程较难控制。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明所要解决的技术问题是，提供一种工艺简单、成本低廉、提高织物阻燃性能，且环保无污染的阻燃织物及用于阻燃织物的阻燃胶以及阻燃胶的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采取的技术方案是：一种阻燃织物，以化纤短丝为原料，开松、混合、梳理、铺网形成均匀的纤网，然后采用针刺加固，得到织物基材，其特征在于：在织物基材的上表面均匀涂敷阻燃胶，将涂敷阻燃胶的上表面向上，下表面施加火焰，经烧毛、烘干后得到阻燃织物。
一种用于权利要求1所述阻燃织物的阻燃胶，所述阻燃胶由如下重量百分比的成分组成：
水性白乳改性乳液 15%～25%；
水溶性高分子增稠剂 2%～5%；
发泡剂 1.5%～5%；
稳泡剂 1%～3%；
硼酸锌 5%～10%；
无卤磷氮氨系阻燃粉 20%～30%；
软化水 余量。
上述的阻燃胶，其特征是，所述阻燃胶由如下重量百分比的成分组成：
水性白乳改性乳液 20%；
水溶性高分子增稠剂 3.5%；
发泡剂 3%；
稳泡剂 1.5%；
硼酸锌 7%；
无卤磷氮氨系阻燃粉 28.5%；
软化水 余量。
上述的阻燃胶，其特征是：所述水性白乳改性乳液为改性丙烯酸乳液或水性聚氨酯乳液，水溶性高分子增稠剂为丙烯酸酰胺、椰子油酰胺、季铵盐改性淀粉中的一种或几种，发泡剂为仲烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、醇醚羧酸钠中的一种或几种，稳泡剂为聚乙二醇、氧化胺中的一种或几种，无卤磷氮氨系阻燃粉为季戊四醇、磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯、三聚氰胺中的一种或几种。
一种制备阻燃胶的方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）、按照上述重量百分比，在搅拌罐中称取定量的软化水，水性白乳改性胶；二者充分搅拌8～15分钟，搅拌速度1000r/min～1500r/min；
（2）、然后依次加入发泡剂，稳泡剂，降低搅拌速度，搅拌速度600r/min～800r/min，搅拌3～8分钟；
（3）、称取硼酸锌，无卤磷氮氨系阻燃粉慢慢均匀地加入混合体中，边加入边搅拌，搅拌速度500r/min～800r/min，整个过程40分钟；
（4）、加入水溶性高分子增稠剂，充分搅拌20～40分钟，搅拌速度600r/min～1000r/min，过滤出料即得到该阻燃胶。
本发明阻燃织物及用于阻燃织物的阻燃胶以及阻燃胶的制备方法的优点是：本发明在阻燃剂中加入三聚氰胺后，产品燃烧剩余物体积膨胀明显，其阻燃性能得到显著提高，同时成本大大降低。本发明选择无卤磷氮氨系阻燃粉，不含卤素，在燃烧时不会对空气环境造成二次污染，并且不添加甲醛，产品更加环保，并且硼酸锌作为辅助阻燃剂 起到了阻燃的协同作用，硼酸锌受热分解，能够抑制烟雾生成，改善出现火情时的恶劣环境。遇到火灾时，磷 - 氮阻燃剂受热分解为氨气、水、焦磷酸等，该反应为吸热反应，降低了阻燃织物受热区域的温度，使板材热解燃烧反应滞延 ；氨气和水稀释了燃烧区可燃气体的浓度，可阻断燃烧连锁反应 ；无机阻燃剂吸热分解释放出水、变为氧化物，该反应为吸热反应，降低了阻燃织物受热区域的温度，使板材热解燃烧反应滞延，阻燃剂无卤低毒无腐蚀性，热稳定性好、阻燃效率高、抑烟性强。本发明具有制备工艺简单、使用效果良好、成本低廉、阻燃效果良好、原料易得，生产使用安全环保，易于施加，织物柔软,丰满,厚实,硬挺，具有阻燃优异、抑烟高效等突出优点，顺应了阻燃剂一剂多效、环保友好的发展要求。且产品优质价廉，经济效益显著。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明；
一种阻燃织物，以化纤短丝为原料，开松、混合、梳理、铺网形成均匀的纤网，然后采用针刺加固，得到织物基材，其特征在于：在织物基材的上表面均匀涂敷阻燃胶，将涂敷阻燃胶的上表面向上，下表面施加火焰，经烧毛、烘干后得到阻燃织物。
一种用于阻燃织物的阻燃胶，所述阻燃胶由如下重量百分比的成分组成：
水性白乳改性乳液 15%～25%；
水溶性高分子增稠剂 2%～5%；
发泡剂 1.5%～5%；
稳泡剂 1%～3%；
硼酸锌 5%～10%；
无卤磷氮氨系阻燃粉 20%～30%；
软化水 余量。
水性白乳改性乳液为改性丙烯酸乳液或水性聚氨酯乳液，水溶性高分子增稠剂为丙烯酸酰胺、椰子油酰胺、季铵盐改性淀粉中的一种或几种，发泡剂为仲烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、醇醚羧酸钠中的一种或几种，稳泡剂为聚乙二醇、氧化胺中的一种或几种，无卤磷氮氨系阻燃粉为季戊四醇、磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯、三聚氰胺中的一种或几种。
一种制备阻燃胶的方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）、按照上述重量百分比，在搅拌罐中称取定量的软化水，水性白乳改性胶；二者充分搅拌8～15分钟，搅拌速度1000r/min～1500r/min；
（2）、然后依次加入发泡剂，稳泡剂，降低搅拌速度，搅拌速度600r/min～800r/min，搅拌3～8分钟；
（3）、称取硼酸锌，无卤磷氮氨系阻燃粉慢慢均匀地加入混合体中，边加入边搅拌，搅拌速度500r/min～800r/min，整个过程40分钟；
（4）、加入水溶性高分子增稠剂，充分搅拌20～40分钟，搅拌速度600r/min～1000r/min，过滤出料即得到该阻燃胶。
具体实施例如下：
实施例1：
一种用于阻燃织物的阻燃胶，所述阻燃胶由如下重量百分比的成分组成：
改性丙烯酸乳液 15%；
丙烯酸酰胺 2%；
仲烷基磺酸钠 1.5%；
聚乙二醇 1%；
硼酸锌 5%；
季戊四醇 20%；
软化水 余量。
一种制备阻燃胶的方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）、按照上述重量百分比，在搅拌罐中称取定量的软化水，15%的改性丙烯酸乳液；二者充分搅拌8分钟，搅拌速度1000r/min/min；
（2）、然后依次加入1.5%的仲烷基磺酸钠，1%的聚乙二醇，降低搅拌速度，搅拌速度600r/min，搅拌3分钟；
（3）、称取5%硼酸锌，20%的季戊四醇慢慢均匀地加入混合体中，边加入边搅拌，搅拌速度500r/min，整个过程40分钟；
（4）、加入2%的丙烯酸酰胺，充分搅拌20分钟，搅拌速度600r/min，过滤出料即得到该阻燃胶。
实施例2：
一种用于阻燃织物的阻燃胶，所述阻燃胶由如下重量百分比的成分组成：
水性聚氨酯乳液 20%；
椰子油酰胺 3.5%；
十二烷基硫酸钠 3%；
氧化胺 1.5%；
硼酸锌 7%；
磷酸酯 28.5%；
软化水 余量。
一种制备阻燃胶的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
（1）、按照上述重量百分比，在搅拌罐中称取定量的软化水，20%的水性聚氨酯乳液；二者充分搅拌12分钟，搅拌速度1200r/min；
（2）、然后依次加入3%的十二烷基硫酸钠，1.5%的氧化胺，降低搅拌速度，搅拌速度700r/min，搅拌5分钟；
（3）、称取7%的硼酸锌，28.5%的磷酸酯慢慢均匀地加入混合体中，边加入边搅拌，搅拌速度650r/min，整个过程40分钟；
（4）、加入3.5%的椰子油酰胺，充分搅拌30分钟，搅拌速度850r/min，过滤出料即得到该阻燃胶。
实施例3：
一种用于权利要求1所述阻燃织物的阻燃胶，所述阻燃胶由如下重量百分比的成分组成：
改性丙烯酸乳液 25%；
季铵盐改性淀粉 5%；
醇醚羧酸钠 5%；
聚乙二醇 3%；
硼酸锌 10%；
三聚氰胺 30%；
软化水 余量。
一种制备阻燃胶的方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）、按照上述重量百分比，在搅拌罐中称取定量的软化水，25%的改性丙烯酸乳液；二者充分搅拌15分钟，搅拌速度1500r/min；
（2）、然后依次加入5%的醇醚羧酸钠，3%的聚乙二醇，降低搅拌速度，搅拌速度800r/min，搅拌8分钟；
（3）、称取10%的硼酸锌，30%的三聚氰胺慢慢均匀地加入混合体中，边加入边搅拌，搅拌速度800r/min，整个过程40分钟；
（4）、加入5%的季铵盐改性淀粉，充分搅拌40分钟，搅拌速度1000r/min，过滤出料即得到该阻燃胶。
当然，上述说明并非是对本发明的限制，本发明也并不限于上述举例，本技术领域的普通技术人员，在本发明的实质范围内，作出的变化、改型、添加或替换，都应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种阻燃织物，以化纤短丝为原料，开松、混合、梳理、铺网形成均匀的纤网，然后采用针刺加固，得到织物基材，其特征在于：在织物基材的上表面均匀涂敷阻燃胶，将涂敷阻燃胶的上表面向上，下表面施加火焰，经烧毛、烘干后得到阻燃织物，所述阻燃胶由如下重量百分比的成分组成：水性白乳改性乳液15%～25%；水溶性高分子增稠剂2%～5%；发泡剂1.5%～5%；稳泡剂1%～3%；硼酸锌5%～10%；无卤磷氮氨系阻燃粉20%～30%；软化水余量，所述水性白乳改性乳液为改性丙烯酸乳液或水性聚氨酯乳液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃胶，其特征是，所述阻燃胶由如下重量百分比的成分组成：
水性白乳改性乳液 20%；
水溶性高分子增稠剂 3.5%；
发泡剂 3%；
稳泡剂 1.5%；
硼酸锌 7%；
无卤磷氮氨系阻燃粉 28.5%；
软化水 余量。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的阻燃胶，其特征是：所述水溶性高分子增稠剂为丙烯酸酰胺、椰子油酰胺、季铵盐改性淀粉中的一种或几种，发泡剂为仲烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、醇醚羧酸钠中的一种或几种，稳泡剂为聚乙二醇、氧化胺中的一种或几种，无卤磷氮氨系阻燃粉为磷酸酯、亚磷酸酯、三聚氰胺中的一种或几种。
4.一种制备如权利要求1或2所述阻燃胶的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
（1）、按照上述重量百分比，在搅拌罐中称取定量的软化水，水性白乳改性胶；二者充分搅拌8～15分钟，搅拌速度1000r/min～1500r/min；
（2）、然后依次加入发泡剂，稳泡剂，降低搅拌速度，搅拌速度600r/min～800r/min，搅拌3～8分钟；
（3）、称取硼酸锌，无卤磷氮氨系阻燃粉慢慢均匀地加入混合体中，边加入边搅拌，搅拌速度500r/min～800r/min，整个过程40分钟；
（4）、加入水溶性高分子增稠剂，充分搅拌20～40分钟，搅拌速度600r/min～1000r/min，过滤出料即得到该阻燃胶。
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