CN113632803A - Quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine disinfectant and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine disinfectant and a preparation method thereof, wherein the disinfectant comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 18-35% of quaternary ammonium salt, 55-78% of auxiliary material surfactant, 4-10% of iodine and 0.18-0.85% of stabilizing agent. The disinfectant has the advantages of simple preparation process, easy control, short production period and low cost, and is suitable for industrial production. The prepared disinfectant has good stability, high iodine content, long bacteriostatic and bactericidal time, high bactericidal speed and high efficiency, can be widely applied to the disinfection and sterilization of livestock and poultry farms, can also be used as a local preservative used before surgical operations, and can be used for treating slight cuts, bruises, papilloma sores, abrasions, breast medicated baths and the like.

Description

Quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine disinfectant and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of disinfectants, and particularly relates to a quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine disinfectant and a preparation method thereof.

Background

In 1915, Jacobs reported that quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants were synthesized and studied for sterilization, and indicated that the disinfectants have certain sterilizing capability, and opened the history of quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants. In 1935, Domagk in Germany studied the bactericidal properties and the relationship between chemical structure and bacteriostasis of the disinfectant, and attracted great interest. Wetzel is used in clinical disinfection practice and gradually popularized in the same year, is widely used for skin mucosa disinfection, surgical hand washing disinfection and medical instrument disinfection in hospitals, is also used for disinfection of appliances and equipment in various public places and production lines, mildew prevention of industrial products and agricultural crops, sanitary disinfection of livestock houses, aquaculture, algae killing, preparation of plastic antibacterial agents, preparation of compound disinfectants and the like.

Quaternary ammonium disinfectants have been developed to date to the seventh generation. The 1 st generation product is alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (benzalkonium chloride), the 2 nd generation product is a derivative of the first generation product, and hydrogen on the benzene ring of the 1 st generation product is substituted by chlorine, methyl and ethyl, such as alkyl dimethyl ethyl benzyl ammonium chloride. The 3 rd generation product is a mixture of 1 st generation and 2 nd generation quaternary ammonium salts, such as an equivalent mixture of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (1 st generation) and alkyl dimethyl ethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (2 nd generation). The product of the combination mode not only improves the sterilization effect, but also obviously reduces the toxicity of acute EI. The 4 th generation product is double-long-chain quaternary ammonium salt, the product types are various combination forms such as double octyl, double decyl, double dodecyl, octyl decyl and the like, and the sterilization effect is obviously enhanced. The 5 th generation product is the 4 th generation and the 1 st generation mixed quaternary ammonium salt, the combination is made by absorbing the synergistic action principle of the 3 rd generation quaternary ammonium salt formula, the sterilization effect is better than that of a single component, and the anti-interference effect is strong, the toxicity is low and the price is low. The 6 th generation product is a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt, and is mainly characterized by lower toxicity and milder bactericidal action, which is weaker than the products of the previous generations. Mainly embodies the medicinal value thereof, such as the antibiosis of a corneal contact lens and a personal care product. The 7 th generation product is a mixture of the 6 th generation and the 3 rd generation quaternary ammonium salt.

However, quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants cannot kill fungi, tubercle bacillus, hydrophilic viruses and bacterial spores, and belong to low-efficiency disinfectants. And the quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant has poor disinfection effect when being used alone, is often easily influenced by factors such as the types, pH values, temperatures, concentrations, organic matters and the like of microorganisms, and is easy to generate drug-resistant strains due to the low-efficiency disinfectant.

Iodine has been used for disinfection of organisms for over 150 years, and has a strong bactericidal power and a fast bactericidal speed in an acidic environment. But the solubility of the iodine preparation in water is very low, and the iodine preparation cannot be prepared into an aqueous preparation for use; iodine is easy to sublimate and lose efficacy, and the preparation is unstable; and iodine has strong irritation to skin and has the disadvantages of yellow stain and the like, thereby limiting the wide application of the iodine. In the prior art, the technical scheme of complexing quaternary ammonium salt and iodine is adopted, but iodine is easy to sublimate in the complexing process, so that the disinfection and sterilization effects of the iodine are obviously reduced. In order to overcome the defect of single component and improve the disinfection effect, so that the disinfectant has the advantages of broad spectrum, high efficiency, stability, convenient use, safety, anti-interference and moderate cost, the compound iodine-containing disinfectant has become a hot point of current research. However, the currently marketed quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine product generally has some problems, such as poor stability, easy precipitation of iodine simple substance in the normal temperature or cold storage placing process, easy volatilization of iodine simple substance when placed at high temperature, fast reduction of iodine content, and influence on the sterilization effect of quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine; the quaternary ammonium salt is easily interfered by organic matters in the environment, and the sterilization effect and the like of the quaternary ammonium salt are influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, improve the disinfection effect of the disinfectant and provide the quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine disinfectant with high iodine content and high stability.

On the one hand, the invention provides a quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine disinfectant, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 18-35% of quaternary ammonium salt, 55-78% of auxiliary material surfactant, 4-10% of iodine and 0.18-0.85% of stabilizing agent. Preferably, the quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine disinfectant comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 23.5 to 30 percent of quaternary ammonium salt, 64 to 72 percent of auxiliary material surfactant, 4.7 to 5.1 percent of iodine and 0.3 to 0.51 percent of stabilizer. More preferably, the quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine disinfectant comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 29.85% of quaternary ammonium salt, 64.67% of auxiliary material surfactant, 4.98% of iodine and the balance of stabilizer.

The quaternary ammonium salt is one or more of benzalkonium bromide, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, decamethyl ammonium chloride and dioctyldimethylammonium chloride. Preferably, the quaternary ammonium salt is prepared by combining benzalkonium bromide or decamethyl ammonium bromide with one of decamethyl ammonium chloride and dioctyldimethylammonium chloride in a ratio of 1: 1.

The auxiliary material surfactant is one or more of lauryl glutamate, dodecyl betaine, stearic acid, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, fatty glyceride, sorbitan fatty acid or polyoxyethylene ether, and preferably isooctanol polyoxyethylene ether JFC-E or fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether AEO-9.

The stabilizer is one or more of potassium iodide, potassium iodate, citric acid and phosphoric acid. Preferably, the stabilizer is any one of potassium iodide or potassium iodate compounded with citric acid. Preferably, the potassium iodide or potassium iodate is added in an amount of 1 to 1.5 times that of citric acid.

In another aspect of the present invention, a preparation method of the quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine disinfectant is provided, which comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing the raw material components according to the weight ratio, placing absolute ethyl alcohol in a reactor with a reflux condenser, stirring, controlling the temperature at 40-50 ℃, then putting two different quaternary ammonium salts into the reactor, and stirring until the reaction liquid is in a transparent state.

(2) And (2) adding elemental iodine into the reaction liquid obtained in the step (1), simultaneously dropwise adding an auxiliary material surfactant, heating to 75-85 ℃, and keeping the reaction liquid in a transparent state for 2-3 hours.

(3) Cooling the reaction system to 50-60 ℃, adding a stabilizer into the reactor, stirring until the reaction liquid is transparent, then carrying out reduced pressure rotary evaporation to remove the solvent ethanol, cooling, standing, and discharging to obtain the product.

Preferably, the volume (mL) of ethanol added in step (1) is 40-60 times of the mass (g) of iodine; in the step (2), the temperature rise temperature is 80 ℃.

The quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine disinfectant can be used for disinfection and sterilization of livestock and poultry farms, local anticorrosion before surgical operations, wound disinfection, breast medicated bath and the like.

Has the advantages that:

1. the method utilizes the organic combination of the biquaternary ammonium salt and the iodine, fully exerts the synergistic interaction of the biquaternary ammonium salt and the iodine, and has the advantages of high iodine content, high disinfection and sterilization speed and high efficiency of iodine disinfectants, high stability of quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants, long duration of sterilization and bacteriostasis and the like.

2. The quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine disinfectant also contains auxiliary material surfactant, so that the stability of iodine is increased, the effective period of the disinfectant is prolonged, the stimulation of iodine to skin can be reduced to a certain extent, and the skin mucosa is protected.

3. The disinfectant of the invention has stable property, is reddish brown viscous liquid at normal temperature, has the relative density of 1.0-1.1 and the pH value of 2.5-3.0. Compared with the common complex iodine disinfector on the market, the complex iodine disinfector has stable property, the iodine content is more than 4 percent, and the validity period can reach more than 2 years.

4. The method uses ethanol as a complexing reaction solvent, has high safety and has little influence on the iodine content in the disinfectant. And through process research, the optimal complexation reaction temperature is determined, and the optimal stabilizer is determined.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The preparation of the quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine disinfectant comprises the following steps:

(1) placing 400mL of absolute ethyl alcohol into a reactor with a reflux condenser, stirring, controlling the temperature at 50 ℃, then putting 20g of decamethylammonium bromide and 20g of decamethylammonium chloride into the reactor, stirring until the reaction liquid is in a transparent state, adding 10g of elementary iodine, dropwise adding 70g of isooctanol polyoxyethylene ether JFC-E, heating to 85 ℃, and standing for 2-3 hours until the reaction liquid is in a transparent state.

(2) Cooling the reaction system to 60 ℃, adding 1g of potassium iodide into the reactor, stirring until the reaction liquid is in a transparent state, then carrying out reduced pressure rotary evaporation to remove the solvent ethanol, cooling, standing, and discharging to obtain the potassium iodide-free catalyst.

Example 2

The preparation of the quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine disinfectant comprises the following steps:

(1) putting 180mL of absolute ethyl alcohol into a reactor with a reflux condenser, stirring, controlling the temperature at 40 ℃, then putting 7.5g of benzalkonium bromide and 7.5g of dioctyldimethylammonium chloride into the reactor, stirring until the reaction liquid is in a transparent state, adding 3g of elementary iodine, dropwise adding 45g of isooctanol polyoxyethylene ether JFC-E, heating to 80 ℃, and standing for 2-3 hours until the reaction liquid is in a transparent state.

(2) Cooling the reaction system to 50 ℃, adding 0.1g of potassium iodate and 0.1g of citric acid into a reactor, stirring until the reaction liquid is transparent, then carrying out reduced pressure rotary evaporation to remove the solvent ethanol, cooling, standing, and discharging to obtain the potassium iodate-citric acid/potassium iodate/citric acid/potassium iodate/citric acid/potassium/citric acid/ethanol/acetic acid/ethanol/acetic acid/.

Example 3

The preparation of the quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine disinfectant comprises the following steps:

(1) putting 200mL of absolute ethyl alcohol into a reactor with a reflux condenser, stirring, controlling the temperature at 45 ℃, then putting 10g of decamethyl ammonium bromide and 10g of dioctyldimethylammonium chloride into the reactor, stirring until the reaction liquid is in a transparent state, adding 4g of elementary iodine, dropwise adding AEO-955g of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, heating to 80 ℃, and standing for 2-3 hours until the reaction liquid is in a transparent state.

(2) Cooling the reaction system to 55 ℃, adding 0.2g of potassium iodide and 0.2g of citric acid into a reactor, stirring until the reaction liquid is transparent, then carrying out reduced pressure rotary evaporation to remove the solvent ethanol, cooling, standing, and discharging to obtain the product.

Example 4

The preparation of the quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine disinfectant comprises the following steps:

(1) placing 250mL of absolute ethyl alcohol into a reactor with a reflux condenser, stirring, controlling the temperature at 45 ℃, then putting 15g of benzalkonium bromide and 15g of decamethylammonium chloride into the reactor, stirring until the reaction liquid is transparent, adding 5g of elemental iodine, dropwise adding AEO-965g of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, heating to 80 ℃, and standing for 2-3 hours until the reaction liquid is transparent.

(2) Cooling the reaction system to 55 ℃, adding 0.3g of potassium iodide and 0.2g of citric acid into a reactor, stirring until the reaction liquid is transparent, then carrying out reduced pressure rotary evaporation to remove the solvent ethanol, cooling, standing, and discharging to obtain the product.

Example 5

The preparation of the quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine disinfectant comprises the following steps:

(1) placing 300mL of absolute ethyl alcohol into a reactor with a reflux condenser, stirring, controlling the temperature at 45 ℃, then putting 15g of decamethylammonium bromide and 15g of decamethylammonium chloride into the reactor, stirring until the reaction liquid is in a transparent state, adding 5g of elementary iodine, dropwise adding 65g of isooctanol polyoxyethylene ether JFC-E, heating to 80 ℃, and standing for 2-3 hours until the reaction liquid is in a transparent state.

(2) Cooling the reaction system to 55 ℃, adding 0.3g of potassium iodate and 0.2g of citric acid into a reactor, stirring until the reaction liquid is transparent, then carrying out reduced pressure rotary evaporation to remove the solvent ethanol, cooling, standing, and discharging to obtain the potassium iodate-citric acid/acetic.

Example 6

The preparation of the quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine disinfectant comprises the following steps:

(1) placing 150mL of absolute ethyl alcohol into a reactor with a reflux condenser, stirring, controlling the temperature at 40 ℃, then putting 5g of decamethyl ammonium bromide and 5g of dioctyldimethylammonium chloride into the reactor, stirring until the reaction liquid is in a transparent state, adding 2.5g of elementary iodine, dropwise adding 40g of isooctanol polyoxyethylene ether JFC-E, heating to 75 ℃, and standing for 2-3 hours until the reaction liquid is in a transparent state.

(2) Cooling the reaction system to 50 ℃, adding 0.05g of potassium iodide and 0.05g of phosphoric acid into a reactor, stirring until the reaction liquid is transparent, then carrying out reduced pressure rotary evaporation to remove the solvent ethanol, cooling, standing, and discharging to obtain the catalyst.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 preparation of Quaternary ammonium Complex iodine disinfectant (preparation of the product of example 4 without citric acid in the stabilizer)

(1) Placing 250mL of absolute ethyl alcohol into a reactor with a reflux condenser, stirring, controlling the temperature at 45 ℃, then putting 15g of benzalkonium bromide and 15g of decamethylammonium chloride into the reactor, stirring until the reaction liquid is transparent, adding 5g of elemental iodine, dropwise adding AEO-965g of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, heating to 80 ℃, and standing for 2-3 hours until the reaction liquid is transparent.

(2) Cooling the reaction system to 55 ℃, adding 0.5g of potassium iodide into the reactor, stirring until the reaction liquid is transparent, then decompressing and rotary-steaming to remove the solvent ethanol, cooling, standing, and discharging to obtain the potassium iodide-containing solid phase catalyst.

Comparative example 2 preparation of Quaternary ammonium salt Complex iodine disinfectant

(1) Putting 250mL of absolute ethyl alcohol into a reactor with a reflux condenser, stirring, controlling the temperature at 45 ℃, then putting 15g of benzalkonium bromide and 15g of decamethyl ammonium chloride into the reactor, stirring until the reaction liquid is in a transparent state, adding 5g of elementary iodine, dropwise adding 25g of polyoxyethylene octyl phenol ether, 20g of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 20g of dodecyl betaine, heating to 80 ℃, and standing for 2-3 hours until the reaction liquid is in a transparent state.

(2) Cooling the reaction system to 55 ℃, adding 0.5g of phosphoric acid into the reactor, stirring until the reaction solution is transparent, then carrying out reduced pressure rotary evaporation to remove the solvent ethanol, cooling, standing, and discharging to obtain the catalyst.

EXAMPLE 7 prediction of expiration date by classical thermostatting

Samples of the disinfectant prepared in the examples 2-5 were taken and placed at 3 temperatures of 90 ℃, 80 ℃ and 70 ℃ respectively, and the sample was taken every 2 hours to determine the iodine content in the disinfectant, and the last sampling time was 8 hours. According to the change condition of the iodine content and an Arrhenius equation, the average required time for reducing the iodine content of the prepared sample by 10 percent is calculated to be 2.5 years, namely the effective period of the disinfectant at 25 ℃ is 2.5 years.

TABLE 1 Effect of different temperatures on iodine content (%) in disinfectant

The test results show that the iodine content in the disinfectants of the embodiments 2 to 5 of the invention is stable at high temperature. The disinfectants finally prepared in comparative examples 1 and 2 have relatively low iodine content and are greatly affected by high temperature, compared to example 4.

Example 8 accelerated stability test

Samples of the disinfectant prepared in examples 2-5 were taken and put into an SPX-250 micro-computer climatic chamber, the temperature was selected to be 40 ℃. + -. 2 ℃ and the relative humidity was 75%. + -. 5%, and the samples were taken for six months under the conditions, and the samples were taken at 0 th, 1 th, 2 th, 3 th and 6 th months to examine the relevant items, and the results were compared with the results of the test at 0 th month, and the results are shown in Table 2.

Long-term storage stability of complex iodine at 240 deg.C

Test results show that the iodine content of the disinfectants prepared in the examples 2-5 is reduced by about 5% on average after being placed for six months under the conditions of 40 ℃ and 75% of relative humidity, and is obviously superior to 10% and 17% in the comparative examples 1 and 2.

EXAMPLE 9 bacteriostatic test for disinfectant Effect of disinfectant

The test method comprises the following steps: the test is carried out according to the method of 'identification test technical specification for disinfectant for animals'.

Test strains: escherichia coli and Salmonella.

Test reagents: neutralizer (sodium thiosulfate + tween-80), 0.03M phosphate buffer.

The method comprises the following specific operation steps:

(1) the prepared bacterial liquid is subjected to bacterial counting and then diluted into 5 multiplied by 10 containing bacteria by 0.03M phosphate buffer solution⁵-5×10⁶Test bacterial suspension per mL.

(2) The centrifuge tubes 9 are arranged on a tube rack and marked. 2.5mL of sterile distilled water was placed in a 20 ℃ water bath.

(3) Adding 2.5mL of diluent 100 times of the disinfectant stock solution into the 1 st tube, uniformly mixing, taking 2.5mL from the 1 st tube to the 2 nd tube, uniformly mixing, sucking 2.5mL from the 2 nd tube to the 3 rd tube, repeating the steps until reaching the 8 th tube, uniformly mixing, taking out 2.5mL, and discarding; no disinfectant was added to the 9 th tube as a control.

(4) Adding 2.5mL of the bacterial solution into each tube at the speed of adding one tube every half minute to ensure that the bacterial content of each tube is 106 bacteria/mL, and uniformly mixing.

(5) After 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes after adding the bacterial liquid, 0.5mL of each tube is added into 4.5mL of liquid culture medium containing enough neutralizing agent, the mixture is shaken up and neutralized for 10min, and then 0.5mL of the mixture is taken out and added into 4.5mL of liquid culture medium.

(6) Culturing at 37 deg.C for 24h, and if turbidity occurs, it indicates that bacteria grow. If the broth did not become cloudy, the culture was continued until day 7, and if the broth did not become cloudy, it was judged to have aseptically grown.

(7) And judging that the minimum concentration of the disinfectant of the aseptic growth tube is the minimum effective sterilization concentration, and the minimum sterilization time of the aseptic growth tube is the fastest effective sterilization time of the concentration.

The results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 results of experiments on the sterilization of Escherichia coli and Salmonella by the disinfectant of the present invention

+ represents a growing bacterium and-represents no growing bacterium

The result of the bacteriostasis test shows that the minimum bacteriostasis concentration of the disinfectant sample synthesized according to the method is 0.025 mg/mL.

Example 10 comparative experiment of Sterilization time of Escherichia coli

TABLE 4 results of the Escherichia coli Sterilization test

According to the experimental data given in Table 4, when the sterilization logarithm value is more than 5, the povidone iodine singly uses the lowest concentration of 50mg/L to act for 10 minutes, and the comparison example 1 and the comparison example 2 singly use the lowest concentration of 50mg/L to act for 10 and 20 minutes respectively, and the novel biquaternary ammonium salt complex iodine disinfectant of the embodiment 4 of the invention acts for 10 minutes when the iodine concentration is 12.5mg/L, so that the sterilization logarithm value is more than 5. Therefore, in a sterilization experiment, the embodiment 4 of the invention has good sterilization and bacteriostasis effects on escherichia coli and has better effects than the comparative examples 1 and 2.

Example 11 animal irritation response (skin irritation test)

The test method is referred to as "New drug pharmacological research method" (chemical industry Press) skin irritation test. 6 healthy New Zealand white rabbits with the weight of 2.0-2.1kg are selected and divided into 2 groups of 3 rabbits. The hairs on the two sides of the spine of the experimental animal in the range of 3cm multiplied by 3cm are cut off by hair scissors, 0.5mL of disinfectant sample (example 2-5) prepared by the above 4 methods is smeared on the skin on one side, the blank skin on the other side is used as a control, each disinfectant uses 3 experimental animals to carry out skin irritation reaction, and the action time is 4 h. After the test was completed, the residual disinfectant was removed with warm water and scored. The scoring criteria were as follows:

during the observation period, no erythema or edema symptoms were observed on the test side and the control side of all the test animals, the total integral mean value was 0, and the stimulation index was 0. Tests show that the disinfectant prepared by the invention has no irritation to rabbit skin.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (10)

1. The quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine disinfectant is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:

。

2. the disinfectant according to claim 1, wherein the disinfectant comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

。

3. disinfectant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is one or more of benzalkonium bromide, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, decamethylammonium chloride, dioctyldimethylammonium chloride.

4. The disinfectant according to claim 3, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is a combination of one of benzalkonium bromide and decamethyl bromide and any one of decamethyl chloride and dioctyldimethylammonium chloride.

5. The disinfectant as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein the auxiliary surfactant is one or more selected from the group consisting of lauryl glutamate, lauryl betaine, stearic acid, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, fatty glyceride, sorbitan fatty acid and polyoxyethylene ether.

6. The disinfectant according to claim 5, wherein the adjuvant surfactant is isooctanol polyoxyethylene ether JFC-E or fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether AEO-9.

7. Disinfectant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the stabilizer is one or more of potassium iodide, potassium iodate, citric acid and phosphoric acid.

8. The disinfectant according to claim 7, wherein the stabilizer is any one of potassium iodide or potassium iodate in combination with citric acid.

9. A method of preparing a quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine disinfectant as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:

(1) weighing the raw material components according to the weight ratio, placing a certain amount of absolute ethyl alcohol in a reactor with a reflux condenser, stirring, controlling the temperature at 40-50 ℃, then putting two different quaternary ammonium salts into the reactor, and stirring until a reaction liquid is in a transparent state;

(2) adding elemental iodine into the reaction solution obtained in the step (1), simultaneously dropwise adding an auxiliary material surfactant, heating to 75-85 ℃, and keeping the reaction solution transparent for 2-3 hours;

(3) cooling the reaction system to 50-60 ℃, adding a stabilizer into the reactor, stirring until the reaction liquid is transparent, then carrying out reduced pressure rotary evaporation to remove the solvent ethanol, cooling, standing, and discharging to obtain the product.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the ethanol is added in the step (1) in a volume of 40 to 60 times the mass of iodine; in the step (2), the temperature rise temperature is 80 ℃.