CN113615613A - Method for breeding hybridized backcrossed freshwater shrimps - Google Patents
Method for breeding hybridized backcrossed freshwater shrimps Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 241000143060 Americamysis bahia Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 237
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 241000238559 Macrobrachium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 37
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- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
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- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
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- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- JEBFVOLFMLUKLF-IFPLVEIFSA-N Astaxanthin Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C1=C(C)C(=O)C(O)CC1(C)C)/C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=C(C)C(=O)C(O)CC2(C)C JEBFVOLFMLUKLF-IFPLVEIFSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- MQZIGYBFDRPAKN-ZWAPEEGVSA-N astaxanthin Chemical compound C([C@H](O)C(=O)C=1C)C(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)C(=O)[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C MQZIGYBFDRPAKN-ZWAPEEGVSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940022405 astaxanthin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013793 astaxanthin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001168 astaxanthin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 241000058338 Macrobrachium nipponense Species 0.000 description 5
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding hybridized backcrossed freshwater shrimps, and relates to the technical field of freshwater shrimp breeding. The method comprises the following steps: s1, selecting a shrimp pond; s2, dredging and disinfecting the bottom of the pool; s3, cultivating the shrimp pond with water; s4, selecting shrimp larvae varieties; s5, carrying out hybridization backcross on the shrimp fries; s6, feeding the feed; s7, water quality management; s8, managing the shrimp larvae; and S9, fishing the adult shrimps. The method for breeding the hybrid backcrossed freshwater shrimps comprises the step of carrying out hybridization backcross on the Taihu lake freshwater shrimps and the Hainan macrobrachium shrimps to obtain the hybrid backcrossed freshwater shrimps with high disease resistance and high yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of freshwater shrimp cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of hybrid backcrossed freshwater shrimps.
Background
The macrobrachium nipponensis belongs to arthropoda, crustacea, decapod, swimming shrimp sub-order, brachycarpidae and macrobrachium hainanensis, which is also called as large river shrimp, white river shrimp or big clamp shrimp, is mainly distributed in the coastal areas in south, the middle and lower reaches of the Zhejiang river breed the shrimps, the individuals of the shrimps are large and can be comparable with the macrobrachium rosenbergii, the maximum male individuals are found to be 200 g, but the meat taste is more delicious, the breeding technology of the macrobrachium nipponensis belongs to a mature artificial breeding technology, and particularly the pond breeding of the macrobrachium nipponensis is the most.
With the continuous expansion of the freshwater shrimp culture scale and the rapid development of production, the freshwater shrimp culture industry also has a plurality of problems, the existing freshwater shrimps have single variety in the culture process, weak disease resistance, high temperature resistance and low temperature resistance, and the culture efficiency cannot be improved, and meanwhile, the survival rate of the shrimp larvae is low due to the influence of the outside, such as salinization factors, temperature factors, disease factors and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for breeding hybridized backcrossed freshwater shrimps to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for breeding hybridized backcrossed freshwater shrimps comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a shrimp pond: selecting a pond to construct a shrimp fry culturing pond, digging the pond to form a rectangular pond with the depth of 1.2-1.5m and the area of 3-5 mu, and digging a groove with the width of 1-2m and the depth of 0.2-0.3m in the center of the bottom of the pond;
s2, dredging and disinfecting the bottom of the pool: exposing the pond in the step S1 to dry pond insolation before stocking shrimp fries, removing redundant sludge at the bottom of the pond, spraying quicklime into the pond for disinfection treatment, and injecting water to 70-90cm after disinfection;
s3, shrimp pond water quality cultivation: cultivating the water inside the shrimp pond in the step S2;
s4, selecting shrimp fry varieties: before the breeding season of the freshwater shrimps, collecting water-system high-quality Taihu freshwater shrimps, placing the Taihu freshwater shrimps in an indoor breeding barrel, hybridizing the Taihu freshwater shrimps with the Hainan male macrobrachium, and breeding first-generation hybrid shrimps;
s5, hybridizing and backcrossing shrimp fries: backcrossing the first-generation hybridized freshwater shrimps bred in the step S4 in the second year, mating the first-generation hybridized male parents with the Taihu freshwater shrimps serving as female parents to obtain required hybridized backcrossed freshwater shrimps;
s6, feeding: breeding the hybrid backcrossed freshwater shrimp fries obtained in the step S5 to the shrimp pond after the water quality breeding in the step S3, and feeding the hybrid backcrossed freshwater shrimp fries once in the morning and in the afternoon every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 5 percent of the total weight of the fed freshwater shrimp fries;
s7, water quality management: in the step S6, the water color inside the shrimp pool is mainly light traditional Chinese rice-pudding color or yellow green, the transparency is 30-40 cm, the highest water level is kept in summer and autumn high-temperature seasons, water is changed once every 8-10 days, the water change amount is 1/4, and good water quality conditions are guaranteed;
s8, management of shrimp larvae: performing development microscopic examination and counting on the shrimp seeds every day, performing oxygen increasing treatment by using oxygen increasing equipment, mastering the survival rate of the shrimp seeds in each period and controlling the density of the shrimp seeds, and measuring water quality indexes such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, ammonia nitrogen and the like every day;
s9, catching adult shrimps: beginning to catch in late 5 months, catching big and small in succession, and catching on the market in turn.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S1, a shoal is arranged on the slope of the pond, and the slope ratio of the shoal on the side of the pond is 1: 2.5.
further optimizing the technical scheme, the fresh water of 20-30 cm is injected into the shrimp pond in the step S2, the quicklime is sprayed to sterilize and improve the substrate, and the substrate is discharged after 24 hours, so that the shrimp pond is sterilized.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S3, the special biological fertilizer for aquaculture and the beneficial biological fertilizer preparation containing bacillus are applied to the interior of the shrimp pond for cultivating water quality.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, 5 kilograms of Taihu freshwater shrimps and 1.5 kilograms of Hainan male macrobrachium are put in the step S4 every mu in the first year; the Taihu freshwater shrimps in the step S4 are Taihu freshwater shrimps with the advantages of long bodies, basically consistent weights, bright shrimp bodies and full meat quality.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the mating process of the Taihu freshwater shrimps and the Hainan male macrobrachium in the step S5, the water temperature in the indoor cultivation barrel is 23-28 ℃, and the air is continuously filled.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, the mixed feed in the step S6 is an artificial mixed feed which is fed once and added with the microecologics and the astaxanthin.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in step S6, the ratio of the afternoon feeding amount to the afternoon feeding amount is 4: 6; and in the step S7, water impurities on the wall of the shrimp pool are periodically removed.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S8, the oxygen increasing device is started to perform oxygen increasing treatment, oxygen is increased from 12 o 'clock to 2 o' clock in the afternoon and from 12 o 'clock in the evening to 6 o' clock in the morning in sunny days, and oxygen is increased in all weather in rainy days, so that the dissolved oxygen content of the aquaculture water is ensured to be 4-5 mg/L.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a method for breeding the hybrid backcrossed freshwater shrimps, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method for breeding the hybrid backcrossed freshwater shrimps, the Taihu freshwater shrimps and the Hainan macrobrachium are subjected to hybrid backcross, the obtained hybrid backcrossed freshwater shrimps are high in disease resistance and high in yield, the hybrid backcrossed freshwater shrimps bred by the method have the advantages that the disease resistance and the high-temperature and low-temperature resistance of the shrimps are obviously improved, the finished shrimps are long in physique, large in size, full in meat quality, bright in color and high in yield, and the problems that the survival rate of the shrimp seedlings is low and the like in the later-stage prawn seedling management are effectively solved.
2. The method for cultivating the hybrid backcrossed freshwater shrimps fully utilizes idle production resources, does not need to increase professional equipment, does not have culture pollution, is suitable for industrial management personnel, has standard culture technology, releases microecological preparations, reduces the use of medicines, ensures that the freshwater shrimps after the hybridization meet reach the pollution-free health requirement, improves the product quality value, improves the breeding rate and the growth speed of the shrimp seedlings of the prawns and stabilizes the properties of the freshwater shrimps after the hybridization backcross.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for breeding hybridized backcrossed freshwater shrimps provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1, the present invention discloses a method for breeding hybrid backcrossed freshwater shrimps, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a shrimp pond: selecting a pond to build a shrimp fry cultivating pond, digging a rectangular pond with the depth of 1.2-1.5m and the area of the pond of 3-5 mu, digging a groove with the width of 1-2m and the depth of 0.2-0.3m in the center of the bottom of the pond, arranging shoals on the slope surface of the pond, and enabling the slope ratio of the shoals on the sides of the pond to be 1: 2.5;
s2, dredging and disinfecting the bottom of the pool: before stocking shrimp fries, carrying out dry pond insolation on the pond in the step S1, removing redundant sludge at the bottom of the pond, spraying quicklime into the pond for disinfection, injecting clear water of 20-30 cm into the shrimp pond, spraying quicklime for disinfection and improving bottom materials, discharging after 24h to achieve the aim of disinfecting the shrimp pond, and injecting water to 70cm after disinfection;
s3, shrimp pond water quality cultivation: cultivating the water quality in the shrimp pond obtained in the step S2, and applying special biological fertilizer for aquaculture and beneficial biological fertilizer preparation containing bacillus to the interior of the shrimp pond for cultivating the water quality;
s4, selecting shrimp fry varieties: collecting water-system high-quality Taihu freshwater shrimps and placing the Taihu freshwater shrimps in an indoor cultivation barrel before the breeding season of the freshwater shrimps, hybridizing the Taihu freshwater shrimps with the indoor cultivation barrel, breeding first-generation hybrid shrimps, placing 5 kilograms of Taihu freshwater shrimps and 1.5 kilograms of the Taihu freshwater shrimps per mu in the first year, wherein the Taihu freshwater shrimps are the Taihu freshwater shrimps with the advantages of body length, basically consistent weight, bright shrimp body luster and full meat quality;
s5, hybridizing and backcrossing shrimp fries: backcrossing the first-generation hybridized shrimps bred in the step S4 in the second year, mating the first-generation hybridized male parents with the Taihu freshwater shrimps serving as female parents to obtain required hybridized backcrossed freshwater shrimps, wherein the water temperature in the indoor cultivation barrel is 23-28 ℃ during the mating process of the Taihu freshwater shrimps and the Hainan male macrobrachium nipponensis, and the air is continuously inflated;
s6, feeding: and (3) breeding the hybrid backcross freshwater shrimp seedlings obtained in the step (S5) to the shrimp pond after the water quality cultivation in the step (S3), feeding the hybrid backcross freshwater shrimp seedlings once in the morning and in the afternoon every day, wherein the hybrid backcross freshwater shrimp seedlings are artificially mixed feed added with the microecologics and the astaxanthin once in the morning and afternoon, and the ratio of the feeding amount in the morning to the feeding amount in the afternoon is 4: 6, the daily feeding amount is 5 percent of the total weight of the thrown shrimp larvae;
s7, water quality management: in the step S6, the water color inside the shrimp pool is mainly light traditional Chinese rice-pudding color or yellow green, the transparency is 30-40 cm, the highest water level is kept in summer and autumn high-temperature seasons, water is changed once every 8-10 days, the water change amount is 1/4, good water quality conditions are guaranteed, and water impurities on the wall of the shrimp pool are removed periodically;
s8, management of shrimp larvae: carrying out development microscopic examination and counting on the shrimp seeds every day, carrying out oxygen enrichment treatment by using oxygen enrichment equipment, mastering the survival rate of the shrimp seeds at each stage and controlling the density of the shrimp seeds, measuring water quality indexes such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, ammonia nitrogen and the like every day, starting the oxygen enrichment equipment for carrying out oxygen enrichment treatment, carrying out oxygen enrichment from 12 noon to 2 pm in sunny days and from 12 pm to 6 am in the morning, carrying out oxygen enrichment in all weather in rainy days, and ensuring that the dissolved oxygen content of a culture water body is more than 4 mg/L;
s9, catching adult shrimps: beginning to catch in late 5 months, catching big and small in succession, and catching on the market in turn.
Example two: referring to fig. 1, the present invention discloses a method for breeding hybrid backcrossed freshwater shrimps, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a shrimp pond: selecting a pond to build a shrimp fry cultivating pond, digging a rectangular pond with the depth of 1.2-1.5m and the area of the pond of 3-5 mu, digging a groove with the width of 1-2m and the depth of 0.2-0.3m in the center of the bottom of the pond, arranging shoals on the slope surface of the pond, and enabling the slope ratio of the shoals on the sides of the pond to be 1: 2.5;
s2, dredging and disinfecting the bottom of the pool: before stocking shrimp fries, carrying out dry pond insolation on the pond in the step S1, removing redundant sludge at the bottom of the pond, spraying quicklime into the pond for disinfection, injecting clear water of 20-30 cm into the shrimp pond, spraying quicklime for disinfection and improving bottom materials, discharging after 24h to achieve the aim of disinfecting the shrimp pond, and injecting water to 80cm after disinfection;
s3, shrimp pond water quality cultivation: cultivating the water quality in the shrimp pond obtained in the step S2, and applying special biological fertilizer for aquaculture and beneficial biological fertilizer preparation containing bacillus to the interior of the shrimp pond for cultivating the water quality;
s4, selecting shrimp fry varieties: collecting water-system high-quality Taihu freshwater shrimps and placing the Taihu freshwater shrimps in an indoor cultivation barrel before the breeding season of the freshwater shrimps, hybridizing the Taihu freshwater shrimps with the indoor cultivation barrel, breeding first-generation hybrid shrimps, placing 5 kilograms of Taihu freshwater shrimps and 1.5 kilograms of the Taihu freshwater shrimps per mu in the first year, wherein the Taihu freshwater shrimps are the Taihu freshwater shrimps with the advantages of body length, basically consistent weight, bright shrimp body luster and full meat quality;
s5, hybridizing and backcrossing shrimp fries: backcrossing the first-generation hybridized shrimps bred in the step S4 in the second year, mating the first-generation hybridized male parents with the Taihu freshwater shrimps serving as female parents to obtain required hybridized backcrossed freshwater shrimps, wherein the water temperature in the indoor cultivation barrel is 23-28 ℃ during the mating process of the Taihu freshwater shrimps and the Hainan male macrobrachium nipponensis, and the air is continuously inflated;
s6, feeding: and (3) breeding the hybrid backcross freshwater shrimp seedlings obtained in the step (S5) to the shrimp pond after the water quality cultivation in the step (S3), feeding the hybrid backcross freshwater shrimp seedlings once in the morning and in the afternoon every day, wherein the hybrid backcross freshwater shrimp seedlings are artificially mixed feed added with the microecologics and the astaxanthin once in the morning and afternoon, and the ratio of the feeding amount in the morning to the feeding amount in the afternoon is 4: 6, the daily feeding amount is 5 percent of the total weight of the thrown shrimp larvae;
s7, water quality management: in the step S6, the water color inside the shrimp pool is mainly light traditional Chinese rice-pudding color or yellow green, the transparency is 30-40 cm, the highest water level is kept in summer and autumn high-temperature seasons, water is changed once every 8-10 days, the water change amount is 1/4, good water quality conditions are guaranteed, and water impurities on the wall of the shrimp pool are removed periodically;
s8, management of shrimp larvae: carrying out development microscopic examination, counting and oxygen increasing treatment on the shrimp seeds every day, mastering the survival rate of the shrimp seeds at each stage and controlling the density of the shrimp seeds, measuring water quality indexes such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, ammonia nitrogen and the like every day, starting the oxygen increasing equipment for oxygen increasing treatment, carrying out oxygen increasing at 12 noon to 2 pm in sunny days and 12 pm to 6 am in the morning, carrying out oxygen increasing in all weather in rainy days, and ensuring that the dissolved oxygen content of a culture water body is 4 mg/L;
s9, catching adult shrimps: beginning to catch in late 5 months, catching big and small in succession, and catching on the market in turn.
Example three: referring to fig. 1, the present invention discloses a method for breeding hybrid backcrossed freshwater shrimps, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a shrimp pond: selecting a pond to build a shrimp fry cultivating pond, digging a rectangular pond with the depth of 1.2-1.5m and the area of the pond of 3-5 mu, digging a groove with the width of 1-2m and the depth of 0.2-0.3m in the center of the bottom of the pond, arranging shoals on the slope surface of the pond, and enabling the slope ratio of the shoals on the sides of the pond to be 1: 2.5;
s2, dredging and disinfecting the bottom of the pool: before stocking shrimp fries, carrying out dry pond insolation on the pond in the step S1, removing redundant sludge at the bottom of the pond, spraying quicklime into the pond for disinfection, injecting clear water of 20-30 cm into the shrimp pond, spraying quicklime for disinfection and improving bottom materials, discharging after 24h to achieve the aim of disinfecting the shrimp pond, and injecting water to 90cm after disinfection;
s3, shrimp pond water quality cultivation: cultivating the water quality in the shrimp pond obtained in the step S2, and applying special biological fertilizer for aquaculture and beneficial biological fertilizer preparation containing bacillus to the interior of the shrimp pond for cultivating the water quality;
s4, selecting shrimp fry varieties: collecting water-system high-quality Taihu freshwater shrimps and placing the Taihu freshwater shrimps in an indoor cultivation barrel before the breeding season of the freshwater shrimps, hybridizing the Taihu freshwater shrimps with the indoor cultivation barrel, breeding first-generation hybrid shrimps, placing 5 kilograms of Taihu freshwater shrimps and 1.5 kilograms of the Taihu freshwater shrimps per mu in the first year, wherein the Taihu freshwater shrimps are the Taihu freshwater shrimps with the advantages of body length, basically consistent weight, bright shrimp body luster and full meat quality;
s5, hybridizing and backcrossing shrimp fries: backcrossing the first-generation hybridized shrimps bred in the step S4 in the second year, mating the first-generation hybridized male parents with the Taihu freshwater shrimps serving as female parents to obtain required hybridized backcrossed freshwater shrimps, wherein the water temperature in the indoor cultivation barrel is 27 ℃ and the air is continuously filled in the process of mating the Taihu freshwater shrimps and the Hainan male macrobrachium;
s6, feeding: and (3) breeding the hybrid backcross freshwater shrimp seedlings obtained in the step (S5) to the shrimp pond after the water quality cultivation in the step (S3), feeding the hybrid backcross freshwater shrimp seedlings once in the morning and in the afternoon every day, wherein the hybrid backcross freshwater shrimp seedlings are artificially mixed feed added with the microecologics and the astaxanthin once in the morning and afternoon, and the ratio of the feeding amount in the morning to the feeding amount in the afternoon is 4: 6, the daily feeding amount is 5 percent of the total weight of the thrown shrimp larvae;
s7, water quality management: in the step S6, the water color inside the shrimp pool is mainly light traditional Chinese rice-pudding color or yellow green, the transparency is 30-40 cm, the highest water level is kept in summer and autumn high-temperature seasons, water is changed once every 8-10 days, the water change amount is 1/4, good water quality conditions are guaranteed, and water impurities on the wall of the shrimp pool are removed periodically;
s8, management of shrimp larvae: carrying out development microscopic examination, counting and oxygen increasing treatment on the shrimp seeds every day, mastering the survival rate of the shrimp seeds at each stage and controlling the density of the shrimp seeds, measuring water quality indexes such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, ammonia nitrogen and the like every day, starting the oxygen increasing equipment for oxygen increasing treatment, carrying out oxygen increasing at 12 noon to 2 pm in sunny days and 12 pm to 6 am in the morning, carrying out oxygen increasing in all weather in rainy days, and ensuring that the dissolved oxygen content of a culture water body is 5 mg/L;
s9, catching adult shrimps: beginning to catch in late 5 months, catching big and small in succession, and catching on the market in turn.
And (4) judging the standard: through comparison of the three embodiments, the best effect is the second embodiment, so that the second embodiment is selected as the best embodiment, and the specific change of the amount also belongs to the protection scope of the technical scheme.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method for breeding the hybrid backcrossed freshwater shrimps, the Taihu freshwater shrimps and the Hainan macrobrachium are subjected to hybrid backcross, the obtained hybrid backcrossed freshwater shrimps are high in disease resistance and high in yield, the bred hybrid backcrossed freshwater shrimps have the advantages that the disease resistance and the high-temperature and low-temperature resistance of the shrimps are obviously improved, the finished shrimps are long in physique, large in size, full in meat quality, bright in color and high in yield, and the problems that the survival rate of the shrimp seedlings is low and the like in the later-stage prawn seedling management are effectively solved; the method fully utilizes idle production resources, does not need to increase professional equipment, has no culture pollution, is suitable for industrialized management personnel, has standard culture technology, releases microecological preparation, reduces the use of medicaments, ensures that the freshwater shrimps reach the pollution-free health requirement, improves the product quality value, and improves the breeding rate and the growth speed of the young prawns and the character of the freshwater shrimps after stable hybridization backcrossing.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A method for breeding hybridized backcrossed freshwater shrimps is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting a shrimp pond: selecting a pond to construct a shrimp fry culturing pond, digging the pond to form a rectangular pond with the depth of 1.2-1.5m and the area of 3-5 mu, and digging a groove with the width of 1-2m and the depth of 0.2-0.3m in the center of the bottom of the pond;
s2, dredging and disinfecting the bottom of the pool: exposing the pond in the step S1 to dry pond insolation before stocking shrimp fries, removing redundant sludge at the bottom of the pond, spraying quicklime into the pond for disinfection treatment, and injecting water to 70-90cm after disinfection;
s3, shrimp pond water quality cultivation: cultivating the water inside the shrimp pond in the step S2;
s4, selecting shrimp fry varieties: before the breeding season of the freshwater shrimps, collecting water-system high-quality Taihu freshwater shrimps, placing the Taihu freshwater shrimps in an indoor breeding barrel, hybridizing the Taihu freshwater shrimps with the Hainan male macrobrachium, and breeding first-generation hybrid shrimps;
s5, hybridizing and backcrossing shrimp fries: backcrossing the first-generation hybridized freshwater shrimps bred in the step S4 in the second year, mating the first-generation hybridized male parents with the Taihu freshwater shrimps serving as female parents to obtain required hybridized backcrossed freshwater shrimps;
s6, feeding: breeding the hybrid backcrossed freshwater shrimp fries obtained in the step S5 to the shrimp pond after the water quality breeding in the step S3, and feeding the hybrid backcrossed freshwater shrimp fries once in the morning and in the afternoon every day, wherein the daily feeding amount is 5 percent of the total weight of the fed freshwater shrimp fries;
s7, water quality management: in the step S6, the water color inside the shrimp pool is mainly light traditional Chinese rice-pudding color or yellow green, the transparency is 30-40 cm, the highest water level is kept in summer and autumn high-temperature seasons, water is changed once every 8-10 days, the water change amount is 1/4, and good water quality conditions are guaranteed;
s8, management of shrimp larvae: performing development microscopic examination and counting on the shrimp seeds every day, performing oxygen increasing treatment by using oxygen increasing equipment, mastering the survival rate of the shrimp seeds in each period and controlling the density of the shrimp seeds, and measuring water quality indexes such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, ammonia nitrogen and the like every day;
s9, catching adult shrimps: beginning to catch in late 5 months, catching big and small in succession, and catching on the market in turn.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S1 is to set shoals on the slope of the pond and make the slope ratio of shoals at the pond side be 1: 2.5.
3. the method for cultivating the hybridized and backcrossed freshwater shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein the freshwater shrimp pond in the step S2 is filled with clear water of 20-30 cm, and is sprayed with quicklime for disinfection and substrate improvement, and is discharged after 24h, so that the freshwater shrimp pond is disinfected.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S3 comprises applying the special biofertilizer for aquaculture and the beneficial biofertilizer preparation containing bacillus to the interior of the shrimp pond for water cultivation.
5. The method for breeding the hybrid backcrossed freshwater shrimps according to claim 1, wherein 5 kg of the Taihu freshwater shrimps and 1.5 kg of the Macrobrachium hainanensis are put in each mu in the first year in the step S4; the Taihu freshwater shrimps in the step S4 are Taihu freshwater shrimps with the advantages of long bodies, basically consistent weights, bright shrimp bodies and full meat quality.
6. The method for breeding the hybrid backcrossed freshwater shrimps according to claim 1, wherein the water temperature in the indoor breeding barrel is 23-28 ℃ during the mating of the Taihu freshwater shrimps and the Hainan male macrobrachium shrimps in the step S5, and the air is continuously inflated.
7. The method for breeding hybrid backcrossed freshwater shrimps according to claim 1, wherein the mixed feed in step S6 is an artificial formula feed added with probiotics and astaxanthin at one time.
8. The method for breeding hybridized backcrossed freshwater shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the feeding amount at noon to the feeding amount at afternoon in step S6 is 4: 6; and in the step S7, water impurities on the wall of the shrimp pool are periodically removed.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S8, oxygen increasing equipment is turned on to increase oxygen at 12 pm to 2 pm in a sunny day and at 12 pm to 6 pm in the evening, and oxygen is increased in all weather in a rainy day to ensure that the dissolved oxygen content of the aquaculture water is 4-5 mg/L.
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