CN113597964A - Method for greatly increasing yield of citrus photosynthetic substances through pruning - Google Patents
Method for greatly increasing yield of citrus photosynthetic substances through pruning Download PDFInfo
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- CN113597964A CN113597964A CN202111036738.XA CN202111036738A CN113597964A CN 113597964 A CN113597964 A CN 113597964A CN 202111036738 A CN202111036738 A CN 202111036738A CN 113597964 A CN113597964 A CN 113597964A
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- photosynthetic
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- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000037039 plant physiology Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000675108 Citrus tangerina Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 240000002319 Citrus sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005976 Citrus sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004883 flower formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003966 growth inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for greatly increasing the yield of photosynthetic substances of citrus by pruning, which comprises the following steps: pruning and culturing high crown tree types and high control orchard coverage rate, improving the density of small branch groups in large branch groups of the tree body, and realizing the maximization of the area of functional leaves; pruning the growth promoting deep root system to improve the capability of supplying water and cooling the leaves and the capability of conveying photosynthetic products, and pruning to increase the quantity proportion of the newly born branches and leaves in the current year so as to improve the photosynthetic rate; the temperature of the orchard is lower in high-temperature seasons, so that the breathing consumption is reduced, and the accumulation of photosynthetic products is increased. The invention has the advantages of strong practicability and greatly improving the yield and the quality of the oranges under the condition of not increasing the production cost. Is suitable for agricultural technicians and fruit growers to apply in production practice and also suitable for application in plant physiology teaching.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fruit tree pruning method, in particular to a method for greatly increasing the yield of citrus photosynthetic substances through pruning.
Background
The citrus main production area in China has rich light, temperature, water, soil and biological resources, the yield of a high-yield garden can be more than 1 million jin per mu in 10 years continuously, and the planting area of citrus in the whole country in 2017 is 260.04 million hectares, the yield is 3817 million tons, and the average yield per mu is 1957.14 jin.
Biological basic principles indicate that the economic yield of fruit trees is transformed by photosynthetic products. The prior art clearly shows that the net photosynthetic yield is photosynthetic rate leaf area x photosynthetic time-respiration consumption.
Factors influencing the photosynthetic rate of citrus are divided into intrinsic factors and environmental factors. The internal factors are mainly determined by leaf age, leaf quality, photosynthetic products, output efficiency and the like; environmental factors are determined by light, CO2 concentration, moisture, temperature, etc. These all produce different results depending on the citrus pruning method.
The total area of the leaves is represented by coverage, thickness of a leaf curtain layer and the quantity of branches and leaves in unit volume, and the difference of the factors is determined by pruning under the same management condition. The coverage rate and the thickness of the leaf curtain layer form the space volume of branches and leaves, and the space volume of branches and leaves represents the production capacity of the orchard.
The accumulation of photosynthetic yield is also related to respiratory consumption. Temperature, moisture, oxygen and CO2 concentrations are the main factors affecting respiration, and respiration and carbon dioxide compensation points increase significantly as the leaves age. The ratio of the number of the current year of the new leaf to the number of the perennial leaf is related to pruning.
Among the above factors affecting photosynthetic yield, photosynthetic rate, leaf area, and respiration consumption can be adjusted by pruning, except that photosynthetic time is difficult to adjust artificially. The pruning method is proper, the net photosynthetic yield is high, the fruit yield is high, and the quality is good; the pruning method is wrong or has large deviation, the net photosynthetic yield is low, the fruit yield is low, and the quality is poor.
Compared with the average yield per mu of citrus in the country which is less than 2000 jin and the average yield per mu in the high-yield garden which is more than ten thousand jin, the difference is mainly expressed in the difference of the pruning method, and the low yield not only influences the income of producers, but also causes great waste of land, manpower and financial resources for the country.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a citrus pruning method for improving photosynthetic rate, increasing leaf area and reducing respiratory consumption, so as to improve the yield and quality of citrus production.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for substantially increasing the yield of citrus photosynthetic material by pruning, comprising the steps of:
s01, creating an environment with higher tree crown, developed deep root system, sufficient water supply and drought resistance for the leaves, and providing a water condition for improving the photosynthetic rate;
s02, creating an orchard environment with large coverage area, less exposed ground and relatively low temperature;
s03, cultivating branch groups on the coarse branches, inputting water and mineral nutrition into branches and leaves, and smoothly inputting and outputting photosynthetic products, and improving the photosynthetic rate;
s04, increasing the number proportion of the new leaves in the current year, reducing the proportion of the aged leaves, improving the photosynthetic rate and reducing the respiratory consumption;
s05, establishing a tree shape and allocating the distribution of each functional branch according to different preferences of growth and results on illumination intensity requirements;
and S06, maximizing the number of functional leaves and providing sufficient photosynthetic area of the leaves.
Further, the method in step S01 specifically includes:
(1) cultivating high crown tree types with the height of about 3 meters, and expanding vertical root systems;
(2) all summer shoots are reserved, the strong tree vigor is cultivated, and nutrition and hormone power are provided for root system depth penetration;
(3) the tree trunk and the arbor are grafted with nursery stocks of developed stock varieties of deep roots, nutrition conveying channels are added, and vertical roots are cultured.
Further, the method in step S02 specifically includes:
(1) growing on the ground of newly planted and young orchard
Or intercropping crops to reduce the exposed ground;
(2) ground surface growing
Spraying growth inhibitor to weed to control weed in orchard when weed is too high
High, chemical weeding is avoided
The ground is exposed, and the summer temperature of the ground and space environment is influenced;
(3) the method has the advantages of cultivating high-crown trees, expanding crowns, improving orchard coverage rate, increasing transpiration area and reducing environmental temperature.
Further, the method in step S03 specifically includes:
(1) the length of the branch group is controlled, the thickness of the branch group is increased, and the water and mineral nutrition input and the output of the photosynthetic product are more smooth;
(2) the branch group is cultured on the thick branch shaft, and the nutrition conveying distance of the branch group is shortened.
Further, the method in step S04 specifically includes:
(1) the length is determined according to the thickness, nutrition is concentrated, and the ability of sprouting new branches on the thick branches is maintained;
(2) timely updating the branch groups, and thinning or pile-remaining cutting out the aged branch groups with the fruits to ensure that new branches sprout on the thick branch shaft;
(3) all summer shoots are reserved in summer, and a large number of autumn shoots are extracted after the base is cut off or heavily chopped in early autumn, so that the proportion of new branches is increased.
Further, the method in step S05 specifically includes:
(1) a stable tree body framework is established, the layers are clear, the boundary of a big branch is clear, the appearance is concave and convex, sunlight is fully utilized, and the sunlight is received according to the branch and leaf functions in a division manner;
(2) the crown-expanding branches extend out of the tree, strong light is irradiated, the branching capability is strong, the tree crown is rapidly expanded, and the quantity of branches and leaves is increased;
(3) in the branch group or in the middle-lower part of the tree body, the light area becomes a middle and weak light area, and the flowers are formed;
(4) the interlayer is ventilated and transparent, and the branching capability on the thick branch shaft is kept.
Further, the method in step S06 specifically includes:
(1) cultivating and controlling the height of the tree body to be 3 meters, providing a vertical space for increasing the distribution of branches and leaves, and regulating and controlling the thickness of a leaf curtain to be 1.5-2.0 meters;
(2) rapidly expanding and controlling the crown width of the tree body, and controlling the orchard coverage rate to be about 75% in order to enlarge the horizontal space range of the distribution of branches and leaves;
(3) the density of small branches of the large branch group is increased.
The invention provides a method for improving the yield of photosynthetic materials by pruning. The practicality is strong, under the condition that does not increase manufacturing cost, improves oranges and tangerines output by a wide margin. Is suitable for agricultural technicians and fruit growers, is applied in production practice, and is also suitable for application in plant physiology teaching.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Orchard conditions: the garden is positioned on mountain top flat land, has red soil quality, is used for planting Newhall navel orange, and is planted in 2003 for planting, the plant-row spacing is 2 x 3 meters, and the yield per mu is over ten thousand jin in 2008; yield per mu of about 15000 jin from 2016 to 2020. At present, the tree vigor is strong, the root system is developed, the orchard is complete, the high-yield capacity is remarkable, and the basic pruning method is as follows:
s01, pruning the tree in the whole garden to be 2.7-3.0 meters high in winter and 3.0-3.5 meters high in summer; all summer shoots are kept in summer until autumn; 2008, each arbor is inoculated with 2 tangerines. The orchard is strong in tree vigor, developed in deep root system, sufficient in water supply for the leaves and free of leaf rolling.
S02, the coverage rate of the pruning garden is 65-70% in winter, 75-80% in summer, the pruning garden is ventilated and transparent, no exposed ground exists, the orchard is cool, and the temperature is low in high-temperature seasons.
S03, low-stem thick stems and multiple main branches are distributed in a layered mode, large branch groups are thick and short, small branch groups are thick and strong and close to thick branches, various branch groups are close to the thick stems, and the photosynthetic product output passages of soil moisture nutrient root systems input branches and leaves are smooth;
s04, fixing the length according to the thickness, concentrating nutrition and keeping the vitality of new branches growing on the thick branches; and (4) timely updating the branch groups, thinning or pile-remaining cutting out the aged branch groups with the fruit, and growing more new branches on the thick branch shaft.
All summer shoots are kept in summer to fall, a large number of autumn shoots are extracted from the base in early autumn after being cut off or heavily cut, and the autumn shoots form fruiting mother branches. The number of the newly grown leaves in the current year is high, and the photosynthetic rate of the whole garden is high.
S05, building tree shapes and allocating functional branches according to the requirements of growth and results on illumination intensity, growing the trees at the tips of the branches with strong illumination intensity or cultivating the mother branches with the results outside the protruding layers, blocking light for the lower result layer to form a superior space with illumination intensity of 30% -70%, and pruning to reduce the space with illumination intensity lower than 30%. The method can be implemented by the following steps:
(1) a stable tree body framework is established, the layers are clear, the boundary of the big branch is clear, and the appearance is uneven;
(2) the crown-expanding branches extend out of the tree, strong light is irradiated, the branching capability is strong, the tree crown is rapidly expanded, and the quantity of branches and leaves is increased;
(3) the interlayer is ventilated and transparent, and the interior of the branch group or the middle lower part of the tree body becomes a middle weak light area, so that the flower formation is increased.
S06, maximizing the number of functional leaves and providing sufficient photosynthetic area of the leaves, and can be implemented by the following methods:
(1) cultivating and controlling the height of the tree body to be 3 meters, and providing a vertical space for regulating and controlling the thickness of the leaf curtain to be 1.5-2.0 meters for increasing the distribution of branches and leaves;
(2) rapidly expanding and controlling the crown width of the tree body, and increasing the horizontal space range of the distribution of branches and leaves to the maximum extent; the orchard coverage rate is controlled to be about 75 percent;
(3) the density of small branches of the large branch group is increased.
Nothing in this specification should be taken as an admission that the prior art is known to those skilled in the art.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for substantially increasing the yield of citrus photosynthetic material by pruning, comprising the steps of:
s01, creating an environment with higher tree crown, developed deep root system, sufficient water supply and drought resistance for the leaves, and providing a water condition for improving the photosynthetic rate;
s02, creating an orchard environment with large coverage area, less exposed ground and relatively low temperature;
s03, cultivating branch groups on the coarse branches, inputting water and mineral nutrition into branches and leaves, and smoothly inputting and outputting photosynthetic products, and improving the photosynthetic rate;
s04, increasing the number proportion of the new leaves in the current year, reducing the proportion of the aged leaves, improving the photosynthetic rate and reducing the respiratory consumption;
s05, establishing a tree shape and allocating the distribution of each functional branch according to different preferences of growth and results on illumination intensity requirements;
and S06, maximizing the number of functional leaves and providing sufficient photosynthetic area of the leaves.
2. The method for substantially increasing the yield of citrus photosynthetic material through pruning according to claim 1, wherein the S01 is used for cultivating high crown trees with vertical roots.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S05 is to shoot long trees or cultivate fruiting mother branches with strong illumination intensity outside the protruding layer, the branch group outside the protruding layer blocks light for the lower fruiting layer, a good fruit space with 30-70% of illumination intensity is formed, and the pruning reduces the space with illumination intensity lower than 30%.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111036738.XA CN113597964A (en) | 2021-09-07 | 2021-09-07 | Method for greatly increasing yield of citrus photosynthetic substances through pruning |
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| CN202111036738.XA CN113597964A (en) | 2021-09-07 | 2021-09-07 | Method for greatly increasing yield of citrus photosynthetic substances through pruning |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104770261A (en) * | 2014-01-11 | 2015-07-15 | 龚镔 | Pollution-free orange production method |
| CN105052583A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-11-18 | 李兰瑞 | Pruning technology for highbush and lowbush blueberries |
| CN106472205A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-08 | 重庆市农业科学院 | The highly dense cultural method of Citrus |
| CN107484613A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-12-19 | 雷燕梅 | A kind of green citrus Cultivate administration method |
| CN108271609A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-07-13 | 重庆市农业科学院 | A kind of citrus method for planting fruit trees |
| CN109429866A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-03-08 | 吴华球 | A kind of pruning method of the multi-level fruiting of mandarin tree |
-
2021
- 2021-09-07 CN CN202111036738.XA patent/CN113597964A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104770261A (en) * | 2014-01-11 | 2015-07-15 | 龚镔 | Pollution-free orange production method |
| CN105052583A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-11-18 | 李兰瑞 | Pruning technology for highbush and lowbush blueberries |
| CN106472205A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-08 | 重庆市农业科学院 | The highly dense cultural method of Citrus |
| CN107484613A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-12-19 | 雷燕梅 | A kind of green citrus Cultivate administration method |
| CN108271609A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-07-13 | 重庆市农业科学院 | A kind of citrus method for planting fruit trees |
| CN109429866A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-03-08 | 吴华球 | A kind of pruning method of the multi-level fruiting of mandarin tree |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 沈兆敏等编著: "温州蜜柑优质丰产栽培技术", vol. 2002, 中国农业出版社, pages: 113 - 115 * |
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