CN113575355A

CN113575355A - Citrus seedling culture medium and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113575355A
Application number: CN202111059382.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘益仁; 吕真真; 蓝贤瑾; 冀建华; 侯红乾; 刘秀梅
Original assignee: Institute of Soil Fertilizer Resources and Environment of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Institute of Soil Fertilizer Resources and Environment of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2021-09-10
Filing date: 2021-09-10
Publication date: 2021-11-02

Abstract

The invention discloses a citrus seedling raising matrix and a preparation method thereof, wherein the citrus seedling raising matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of vermiculite, 21-26 parts of chicken manure, 5-10 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 12-17 parts of waste duck feather, 6-11 parts of fly ash, 6-8 parts of waste cucumber vine and 5-8 parts of domestic sludge; the composite microbial inoculum is obtained by mixing lactic acid coccus, rhizopus oryzae, pichia pastoris and bacillus subtilis. The seedling culture substrate can be obtained by treating the raw materials step by step, uniformly mixing and fermenting. The seedling culture substrate disclosed by the invention is good in air permeability and environment-friendly, the germination rate of the citrus reaches 100%, the growth vigor of the citrus at the later stage is also good, and the citrus with good quality can be obtained. Meanwhile, the water and the nutrients in the seedling culture substrate are not easy to lose, and the release of nutrient substances can be slowed down, so that the frequency of top dressing is reduced, and the cost is reduced.

Description

Citrus seedling culture medium and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of citrus planting, and particularly relates to a citrus seedling culture substrate and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The citrus is one of main fruits produced in Jiangxi province, is sweet in taste, is rich in various nutrient elements, is deeply favored by people, has huge market demand, brings great economic benefit for agricultural production in Jiangxi province, and the quality of the citrus seedling culture medium is one of key factors influencing the growth of the citrus.

At present, most of garden soil is mainly used as a seedling culture medium of citrus, although the fertilizer and water retention are good, the air permeability is poor, the root system growth is not facilitated, and the transportation cost is high, so that a plurality of researchers begin to adopt turf to partially or completely replace garden soil. However, the exploitation of peat is a major environmental disruption. Meanwhile, the existing novel seedling culture medium for the citrus is unbalanced in nutrition, and water and nutrients are easy to run off, so that the germination rate and growth vigor of citrus seeds are influenced, and the quality of citrus fruits is also influenced. Therefore, it is necessary to find a new seedling raising substrate.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a citrus seedling raising substrate, which specifically adopts the following technical scheme:

the citrus seedling culture substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of vermiculite, 21-26 parts of chicken manure, 5-10 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 12-17 parts of waste duck feather, 6-11 parts of fly ash, 6-8 parts of waste cucumber vine and 5-8 parts of domestic sludge; the composite microbial inoculum is obtained by mixing lactococcus lactis, rhizopus oryzae, pichia pastoris and bacillus subtilis.

In some preferred embodiments, the mass ratio of the lactic acid bacterium to the rhizopus oryzae to the pichia pastoris to the bacillus subtilis is (1-2): (1-2): (2-3): (1-2).

In some preferred implementation cases, the raw materials of the citrus seedling substrate also comprise 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate and 1-2 parts of ferrous sulfate.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the citrus seedling substrate, which comprises the following steps:

step one, heating chicken manure for 30-40min at 90-110 ℃ to obtain an ingredient A; grinding the waste duck feathers and the waste cucumber vines to obtain a material B;

and step two, sterilizing the domestic sludge, dewatering until the water content is 50-60%, then uniformly mixing with the ingredient A and the ingredient B, adding the compound microbial inoculum for fermentation for 5-7h, finally adding the crushed vermiculite and the pulverized fuel ash for uniformly mixing, drying and crushing to obtain the citrus seedling culture substrate.

The inventor discovers that the seedling culture substrate obtained by adopting the raw materials under the fermentation of the specific compound microbial inoculum can be well applied to the oranges in the scientific research practice process, so that the nutrition requirement of the oranges can be met, the water and the nutrients are not easy to run off, most of the adopted raw materials are also wastes, and the technical problem of turf exploitation is completely avoided.

Preferably, the particle size of the crushed vermiculite is not more than 5 mm.

Preferably, the sterilization method is ultraviolet sterilization.

Preferably, the temperature of the fermentation is 30-40 ℃.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the seedling culture substrate has good air permeability, most raw materials are from wastes, the environment friendliness is good, the germination rate of the citrus reaches 100%, the growth vigor at the later stage is good, and the citrus with good quality can be obtained. Meanwhile, the water and the nutrients in the seedling culture substrate are not easy to lose, and the release of nutrient substances can be slowed down, so that the frequency of top dressing is reduced, and the cost is reduced.

Detailed Description

The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following embodiments to fully understand the objects, aspects and effects of the present invention.

Example 1:

the citrus seedling culture substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of vermiculite, 25 parts of chicken manure, 6 parts of composite microbial inoculum (obtained by mixing lactococcus lactis, rhizopus oryzae, pichia pastoris and bacillus subtilis according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2: 1), 15 parts of waste duck feather, 8 parts of fly ash, 7 parts of waste cucumber vine, 7 parts of domestic sludge, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 1 part of ferrous sulfate.

The preparation method of the citrus seedling substrate comprises the following steps:

step one, heating chicken manure for 35min at 100 ℃ to obtain a material A; grinding the waste duck feathers and the waste cucumber vines to obtain a material B;

and step two, dehydrating the domestic sludge after ultraviolet sterilization until the water content is 55%, then uniformly mixing the domestic sludge with the ingredient A and the ingredient B, adding the compound microbial inoculum, keeping the temperature at 30-40 ℃, fermenting for 6 hours, finally adding the crushed vermiculite (the particle size is not more than 5mm), the fly ash, the zinc sulfate and the ferrous sulfate, uniformly mixing, drying, crushing and screening to obtain the citrus seedling raising matrix particles with the particle size of not more than 5 mm.

Example 2:

the citrus seedling culture substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of vermiculite, 21 parts of chicken manure, 8 parts of composite microbial inoculum (obtained by mixing lactococcus lactis, rhizopus oryzae, pichia pastoris and bacillus subtilis according to the mass ratio of 2:1:3: 1), 12 parts of waste duck feathers, 10 parts of fly ash, 6 parts of waste cucumber vine, 6 parts of domestic sludge, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 2 parts of ferrous sulfate.

step one, heating chicken manure for 30min at 110 ℃ to obtain a material A; grinding the waste duck feathers and the waste cucumber vines to obtain a material B;

and step two, dehydrating the domestic sludge after ultraviolet sterilization until the water content is 60%, then uniformly mixing the domestic sludge with the ingredient A and the ingredient B, adding the compound microbial inoculum, fermenting for 7 hours under the condition of keeping the temperature at 30-40 ℃, finally adding the crushed vermiculite (the particle size is not more than 5mm), the fly ash, the zinc sulfate and the ferrous sulfate, uniformly mixing, drying, crushing and screening to obtain the citrus seedling raising matrix particles with the particle size of not more than 5 mm.

Comparative example 1:

the seedling raising substrate has the same raw materials and preparation process as those in example 1, and is characterized in that the composite microbial inoculum is pichia pastoris.

Comparative example 2:

a seedling substrate is prepared from the same raw materials and in the same preparation process as in example 1, and is characterized in that a composite microbial agent is prepared by mixing lactococcus lactis, rhizopus oryzae, actinomycetes and bacillus aceticus according to a mass ratio of 1:1:2: 1.

Comparative example 3:

a seedling raising substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of vermiculite, 14 parts of waste straw, 6 parts of composite microbial inoculum (obtained by mixing lactococcus lactis, rhizopus oryzae, pichia pastoris and bacillus subtilis according to the mass ratio of 1:1:2: 1), 18 parts of silt with the water content of 90%, 8 parts of radix ophiopogonis, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 1 part of ferrous sulfate.

the method comprises the steps of crushing waste straws and radix ophiopogonis, mixing the crushed waste straws and radix ophiopogonis (with the particle size not larger than 5mm) with silt, adding a compound microbial inoculum, fermenting for 6 hours at the temperature of 30-40 ℃, adding crushed vermiculite (with the particle size not larger than 5mm), zinc sulfate and ferrous sulfate, uniformly mixing, drying, crushing and screening to obtain seedling culture substrate particles with the particle size not larger than 5 mm.

And (3) effect testing:

the total porosity, water holding porosity and conductivity of the seedling raising substrates of examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were measured, and the results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

	Total pore (%)	Porosity for water holding (%)	EC(ms/cm)
				Example 1	70	52	1.6
Example 2	68	50	1.6
				Comparative example 1	50	31	1.4
Comparative example 2	54	36	1.4
				Comparative example 3	48	28	1.3

As is clear from Table 1, the substrates for raising seedlings of examples 1-2 had excellent air permeability and water retention.

After conventional treatment, the citrus seeds were respectively and uniformly scattered in the seedling raising substrates of examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 3 for culture, and the germination rate, survival rate, seedling morphology (average number) and citrus sugar degree were counted, and the results are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2

	Plant height (cm)	Stem thickness (%)	Germination percentage (%)	Survival rate (%)	Sugar degree (%)
						Example 1	56.84	7.02	100	100	11.8
Example 2	55.37	6.75	100	100	12.1
						Comparative example 1	51.78	6.03	88.5	98.5	10.6
Comparative example 2	52.33	6.42	90.2	100	10.8
						Comparative example 3	50.12	5.96	82.8	95.8	10.0

As can be seen from table 2, the citrus seeds treated with the seedling substrate of examples 1 to 2 had higher germination rate and survival rate, and the obtained citrus plants had better growth vigor and better quality.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention as long as the technical effects of the present invention are achieved by the same means. The invention is capable of other modifications and variations in its technical solution and/or its implementation, within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. The citrus seedling culture substrate is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of vermiculite, 21-26 parts of chicken manure, 5-10 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 12-17 parts of waste duck feather, 6-11 parts of fly ash, 6-8 parts of waste cucumber vine and 5-8 parts of domestic sludge; the composite microbial inoculum is obtained by mixing lactococcus lactis, rhizopus oryzae, pichia pastoris and bacillus subtilis.

2. A citrus seedling substrate according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the lactococcus lactis, the Rhizopus oryzae, the Pichia pastoris and the Bacillus subtilis is (1-2): (1-2): (2-3): (1-2).

3. The citrus seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials further comprise 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate and 1-2 parts of ferrous sulfate.

4. A method of preparing a citrus seedling substrate according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the particle size of the crushed vermiculite is not more than 5 mm.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the sterilization means is ultraviolet sterilization.

7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the fermentation temperature is 30 to 40 ℃.