CN113575335B - Cultivation method suitable for cyclic harvesting of black mountain land feed canna edulis ker - Google Patents
Cultivation method suitable for cyclic harvesting of black mountain land feed canna edulis ker Download PDFInfo
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- CN113575335B CN113575335B CN202111025537.XA CN202111025537A CN113575335B CN 113575335 B CN113575335 B CN 113575335B CN 202111025537 A CN202111025537 A CN 202111025537A CN 113575335 B CN113575335 B CN 113575335B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method suitable for recycling harvest of black mountain land feed canna edulis ker, which comprises the following steps: step one, selecting land; step two, seed taro treatment; step three, sowing canna edulis ker for feeding; step four, planting management; step five, leaving stubbles and harvesting; step six, managing after picking; seventhly, feeding canna edulis ker for treatment; the invention provides a planting method of canna edulis ker as forage grass by using batch planting of canna edulis ker and cyclic harvesting of stem leaves as main innovations, and the planting method has the following advantages: firstly, the biomass of the planted canna edulis ker is large, and the content of nutrient substances is rich; secondly, the production potential of the canna edulis ker for feeding is fully exerted, and the effective feed supply in the whole winter and spring can be realized; thirdly, the problem of shortage of the feed and the silage in short winter and spring during centralized harvesting is relieved, the method can be suitable for adjusting the economic structure of the Guizhou mountainous area, and the problem that the economic benefit of traditional canna tuber harvesting is not obvious is effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method suitable for cyclic harvesting of black mountain feed canna edulis ker.
Background
With the rapid development of animal husbandry in Guizhou province and the active promotion of strategic adjustment of the structure of the animal husbandry in Guizhou province, the forage grass demand is large, the supply contradiction is serious, the fodder grass is low in yield and poor in quality due to the restriction of the geographical environment of Guizhou province, the fodder demand of livestock cannot be met all the time, the construction of a meadow is lagged, the fodder gap in the year is large, and the gap is more obvious particularly in winter and spring, so that the 'spring fatigue' of the forage grass is one of bottleneck problems which restrict the development of the ecological animal husbandry in most regions of Guizhou province for a long time; canna edulis ker is a traditional characteristic economic crop in Guizhou, has high planting yield and considerable feeding value due to wide adaptability and low requirements on planting technology, is always utilized in remote mountainous areas as a feed, has fewer varieties, mainly plants and harvests tubers in one year in production, has less cultivation of stems and leaves and has low utilization rate; the existing canna edulis ker planting technology relates to a canna edulis ker tuber harvesting and planting method, a mature and complete circulation harvesting and planting method of feed canna edulis ker stems and leaves is not beneficial to popularization and application of the feed canna edulis ker, and therefore the development of a circulation harvesting and planting method suitable for the feed canna edulis ker in Guizhou mountain areas is particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method suitable for circularly harvesting the banana dasheen which is a feed for the Qian mountain land, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a cultivation method suitable for cyclic harvesting of black mountain land feed canna edulis ker comprises the following steps: step one, selecting land; step two, seed taro treatment; step three, sowing canna edulis ker for feeding; step four, planting management; step five, stubble remaining and harvesting; step six, managing after picking; seventhly, feeding with canna edulis ker for treatment;
in the first step, a proper planting place is selected, stubbles are left when the short-stalk early-middle-maturing rapes or winter wheat are harvested in 4 th month middle-ten days, the height of the stubbles is less than or equal to 10-20cm, the straws are cut up and uniformly scattered, the cutting length of the straws is less than or equal to 10cm, and after 5 days before the feed canna is sowed, the feed canna is sowed by using 40% of glyphosate water agent 1200-1500mL/hm 2 Adding 450kg of water, killing weeds on the ground surface, digging a drainage channel, ridging and digging a groove on the ridge;
in the second step, the high-quality feed canna edulis ker which is healthy, full and has more bud eyes is selected as the seed taro, the seed taro generally contains 2-3 double buds, the weight is 150-200g, if the seed taro is larger, the seed taro can be divided into seed taro blocks, and 1-2 bud points are reserved in each seed taro block;
fertilizing in the groove dug in the step one in the step three, planting the seed taro blocks manufactured in the step two into the groove, enabling bud holes of the seed taro blocks to face upwards, watering the seed taro blocks with planting water sufficiently, and covering soil for 5-8cm;
in the fourth step, seedling checking and seedling supplementing are started 20 days after planting, weeding is carried out about 40 days after planting, a seedling fertilizer is applied when leaves are 2-3, and pest control is carried out by selectively using 72% streptomycin 4000-fold liquid and 50% imidacloprid 1200-fold liquid during the seedling stage;
in the fifth step, when the canna edulis ker grows to about 60-80cm, the first round of harvesting is carried out, generally in late 6 months, and the stubble height is about 10cm; the second round of harvesting is that the stem leaves grown from the tillering of canna edulis ker after the first round of harvesting are harvested generally to about 100-120cm, the harvesting time is about 9 ten days in the middle of the month, and the height of the left stubble is about 10cm; the third round of harvesting is carried out in the full bloom period and after the full bloom period of the regenerated canna edulis ker, harvesting is carried out at about 150-180cm, the harvesting time is 1 ten days, and the stubble height is 20cm;
in the sixth step, topdressing is carried out after each harvest of the canna edulis ker, and the topdressing is carried out for 2-3 days, wherein the topdressing amount of urea is 20-30kg/667m 2 15-25kg of potassium sulfate;
and in the seventh step, the harvested canna edulis ker stems and leaves are crushed to 10cm, aired until the water content is less than or equal to 65%, sprayed with cellulase, lactic acid bacteria and the like, bagged, sealed, fermented and stored.
Preferably, in the first step, the planting field is selected from a gentle slope field with the annual average temperature of more than 15 ℃, the annual rainfall of 800-1500mm, the soil pH value of 6.5-8.0 and the underground water level of more than 1m, and an inter-mountain slope field or valley field, and the planting field is planted in an area with the slope of less than 25 degrees.
Preferably, in the first step, the surface weeds can be killed by one or more of alachlor, acetochlor and butachlor.
Preferably, in the first step, the ridges are 20-30cm high, the narrow ridges are in single row, the row spacing of the plants is 0.5 multiplied by 0.7m, 2000 plants are planted per mu, and the groove depth is 25-30cm.
Preferably, in the second step, the seed tuber is selected from Qianbei banana tuber, purple leaf safflower, xingshu No. 1 or Xingshu No. 2.
Preferably, in the third step, 1000-1500kg of farmyard manure, 50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 50kg of compound fertilizer are applied in holes or ditches per mu as base fertilizers.
Preferably, in the third step, the seed taro blocks are sprayed with 75% of carbendazim liquid medicine, and plant ash is smeared on the wound to sterilize, so that diseases are prevented, and the seed taro germination is promoted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a planting method of canna edulis ker as forage grass by using batch planting of canna edulis ker and cyclic harvesting of stem leaves as main innovations, and the planting method has the following advantages: firstly, the biomass of the planted canna edulis ker is large, and the content of nutrient substances is rich; secondly, the production potential of the canna edulis ker for feeding is fully exerted, and the effective feed supply in the whole winter and spring can be realized; thirdly, the problem of shortage of feed and short winter and spring silage during centralized harvesting is relieved, the method can be suitable for adjusting the economic structure of Guizhou mountainous areas, and the problem that the economic benefit of traditional canna tuber harvesting is not obvious is effectively solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a histogram of the plant heights of the experimental examples of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a bar graph of the stem thickness of an experimental example of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a histogram of the number of tillers in an experimental example of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a histogram of the strains of the experimental example of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a bar graph of the yield per mu of the experimental examples of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-6, an embodiment of the present invention is shown: a cultivation method suitable for cyclic harvesting of black mountain land feed canna edulis ker comprises the following steps: step one, selecting land; step two, seed taro treatment; step three, sowing canna edulis ker for feeding; step four, planting management; step five, leaving stubbles and harvesting; step six, managing after picking; seventhly, feeding with canna edulis ker for treatment;
in the first step, selecting a gentle slope land with the annual average temperature of more than 15 ℃, the annual rainfall of 800-1500mm, the soil pH value of 6.5-8.0 and the underground water level of more than 1m and an inter-mountain slope land or valley land, taking an area with the slope of less than 25 ℃ as a planting land, leaving stubbles when harvesting short-stalk early-middle-ripened rape or winter wheat in 4 th-month middle-ten days, enabling the height of the stubbles to be less than or equal to 10-20cm, uniformly cutting the straws and throwing the straws, enabling the cutting length of the straws to be less than or equal to 10cm, sowing feed canna edulis 5 days before sowing, and using 40% glyphosate water solution with the concentration of 1200-1500mL/hm 2 Mixing water 450kg, killing surface weeds with one or more of alachlor, acetochlor and butachlor, digging drainage channels, ridging, and digging grooves on the ridges, wherein the height of the ridges is 20-30cm, narrow ridges are in single row, the row spacing of plants is 0.5 multiplied by 0.7m, 2000 plants are planted per mu, and the groove depth is 25-30cm;
wherein in the second step, the high-quality feed canna edulis ker with health and plump eyes is selected as the seed canna edulis ker, the seed canna edulis ker is selected from Qianbaizhan canna edulis ker, purple leaf safflower, xingsheng taro No. 1 or Xingsheng taro No. 2 varieties, the seed taro generally contains 2-3 multiple buds, the weight is 150-200g, if the seed taro is larger, the seed taro can be divided into seed taro blocks, and 1-2 bud points are reserved in each seed taro block;
fertilizing in the grooves dug in the step one, applying 1000-1500kg of farmyard manure, 50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 50kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizers in a hole or a furrow way per mu, planting the seed taro blocks prepared in the step two into the grooves, enabling bud eyes of the seed taro blocks to face upwards, watering the seed taro blocks with planting water sufficiently, covering soil for 5-8cm, spraying 75% of carbendazim liquid medicine on the seed taro blocks, and plastering and disinfecting the grass on wounds to prevent diseases and promote the seed taro to germinate;
in the fourth step, seedling check and seedling supplement are started 20 days after planting, weeding is carried out about 40 days after planting, seedling fertilizer is applied when 2-3 leaves are planted, and 72% streptomycin 4000-fold liquid and 50% imidacloprid 1200-fold liquid are selectively used for pest control during the seedling stage;
in the fifth step, when the canna edulis ker grows to about 60-80cm, the first round of harvesting is carried out, generally in late 6 months, and the stubble height is about 10cm; the second round of harvesting is that the stem leaves grown from the tillering of canna edulis ker after the first round of harvesting are harvested generally to about 100-120cm, the harvesting time is about 9 ten days in the middle of the month, and the height of the left stubble is about 10cm; the third round of harvesting is carried out in the full bloom period and after the full bloom period of the regenerated canna edulis ker, harvesting is carried out at about 150-180cm, the harvesting time is 1 ten days, and the stubble height is 20cm;
in the sixth step, topdressing is carried out after each harvest of canna edulis ker, and urea is topdressed for 2-3 days at a rate of 20-30kg/667m 2 15-25kg of potassium sulfate;
in the seventh step, the harvested canna edulis ker stems and leaves are crushed to 10cm and aired until the water content is less than or equal to 65%, and cellulase, lactobacillus and the like are sprayed, packaged, sealed, fermented and stored.
Experimental example:
a cultivation method suitable for cyclic harvesting of black mountain land feed canna edulis ker comprises the following steps: step one, selecting land; step two, seed taro treatment; thirdly, sowing canna edulis ker for feeding; step four, planting management; step five, leaving stubbles and harvesting; step six, managing after picking; seventhly, feeding canna edulis ker for treatment;
in the first step, a musa canna planting base in a plan science and technology demonstration garden of subtropical crop research institute of Guizhou province is selected as a planting field, the planting field is divided into 3 experimental groups, namely an experimental group 1, an experimental group 2 and an experimental group 3, the annual average temperature of the planting field is 16.7 ℃, the annual rainfall capacity is 1200mm, the pH value of the soil is 6.3, the altitude is 580m, the soil is sandy loam, the straw is cut and uniformly thrown after harvesting previous stubbles of sugarcane in 6/4/2020, the straw cutting length is less than or equal to 10cm, the feed musa canna is watered with 450kg of 40% glyphosate water solution 1200-1500mL/hm 25 days before sowing, the ground surface can be killed by one or more of alachlor, acetochlor and butachlor, channels are dug, ridges are formed, weeds are dug on the ridges, the ridges are 20-30cm high, single rows are narrow, the row spacing is 0.5 multiplied by 0.7m, and the surface area of plants are planted in a ditch with the depth of 25-2000 cm;
in the second step, the high-quality feed canna edulis ker which is healthy and plump and has more bud eyes is selected as the seed tuber, the seed tuber is selected from Qianbei canna edulis ker, the seed tuber generally contains 2-3 multiple buds, the weight is 150-200g, if the seed tuber is larger, the seed tuber can be divided into seed tuber blocks, and 1-2 bud points are reserved in each seed tuber block;
in the third step, in 12 days 4 months at 2020, a ridging planting mode is adopted, the ridge height is 30cm, a single narrow ridge is formed, the row spacing of the plants is 1.0 multiplied by 0.8 meter, 800 plants are planted per mu, holes with the depth of 30cm are dug on the ridges, 1000kg of farmyard manure, 50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 50kg of compound fertilizer are applied to each mu of holes or ditches to serve as base fertilizers, the seed taro blocks prepared in the second step are planted into the grooves, the bud eyes of the seed taro blocks are upward, the soil is covered for 8cm after sufficient planting water is poured, the seed taro blocks are sprayed with 75% of carbendazim liquid medicine, and the grass and wood ash at the wound are plastered for disinfection, so that diseases are prevented, and the seed taro germination is promoted;
in the fourth step, seedling checking and seedling supplementing are started 20 days after planting, weeding is carried out about 40 days after planting, a seedling fertilizer is applied when leaves are 2-3, and pest control is carried out by selectively using 72% streptomycin 4000-fold liquid and 50% imidacloprid 1200-fold liquid during the seedling stage;
in the fifth step, the experimental group 1 is mown only once in the whole growth period, indicated by T1-1, and is mown at 244d after sowing, namely at the late stage of ripening, 12 months and 12 days in 2020; the experimental group 2 is mowed twice in the whole growth period, the first time is represented by T2-1, mowed 65d after sowing, namely mowed 16 days at 6 months in 2020, the second time is represented by T2-2, and mowed 244d after sowing, namely mowed 12 days at 12 months in 2020; the experimental group 3 is cut three times in the whole growth period, the first cutting is represented by T3-1, the growth period is cut at 80d after sowing, namely 7 months and 1 day in 2020, the second cutting is represented by T3-2, the rootstock expansion period is cut at 90d after the first cutting, 9 months and 29 days in 2020, the third cutting is represented by T3-3, the cutting is carried out at 100d after the second cutting, namely the harvesting period, and 1 month and 8 days in 2021, and the stubble height between the three cutting is 10cm, so as to promote tillering. Each treatment was taken as 3 replicates and each sampled cell area was 2.4m 2 The fresh weight and various agronomic characters are immediately measured after the whole plant is mowed;
whereinIn the sixth step, topdressing is carried out after each harvest of the canna edulis ker, and the topdressing is carried out for 2-3 days, wherein the urea content is 20-30kg/667m 2 15-25kg of potassium sulfate;
and in the seventh step, the harvested canna edulis ker stems and leaves are crushed to 10cm, aired until the water content is less than or equal to 65%, sprayed with cellulase, lactic acid bacteria and the like, bagged, sealed, fermented and stored.
The experimental data for each experimental group are as follows:
the measurement results of the nutritional ingredients of the black northern banana taro in the experimental group 3 are shown in the following table:
based on the above, the method has the advantages that the three-time mowing can promote the increase of tillering quantity, the yield of the three-time mowing stems and leaves in the whole growth period is 5734.8/mu, the yield is increased by 36.6 percent compared with that of mowing 1 time, the yield of a single plant and the total yield can be increased by mowing 2 times, and the plant height reaches the highest; the invention provides a detailed cultivation method of feed canna edulis ker, which comprises a seed treatment method, a sowing mode, density and seedling management method, can plant high-yield feed canna edulis ker in a short time, and simultaneously provides a technology of circularly harvesting leaves and managing after harvesting.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (6)
1. A cultivation method suitable for cyclic harvesting of black mountain land feed canna edulis ker comprises the following steps: step one, selecting land; step two, seed taro treatment; step three, sowing canna edulis ker for feeding; step four, planting management; step five, leaving stubbles and harvesting; step six, managing after picking; seventhly, feeding canna edulis ker for treatment; the method is characterized in that:
in the first step, a proper planting place is selected, stubbles are left when short-stalk early-middle-maturing rape or winter wheat is harvested in 4 middle-late-month ten days, the stubble height is less than 20cm, the straws are cut up and uniformly thrown, the cut-up length of the straws is less than or equal to 10cm, and after 5 days before sowing of the feed canna edulis, the feed canna edulis sown by using 40% of glyphosate aqueous solution 1200-1500mL/hm 2 Adding 450kg of water, killing weeds on the ground surface, digging a drainage channel, ridging and digging a groove on the ridge;
in the second step, the healthy and plump canna edulis ker with high quality feeding is selected as the seed taro, the seed taro contains 2-3 multiple buds, the weight is 150-200g, if the seed taro is larger, the seed taro is divided into seed taro blocks, and 1-2 bud points are reserved in each seed taro block;
fertilizing in the groove dug in the step one, planting the seed taro blocks manufactured in the step two into the groove, enabling the bud holes of the seed taro blocks to face upwards, watering the seed taro blocks with sufficient planting water, covering soil of 5-8cm seed taro blocks, spraying 75% of carbendazim liquid medicine, and applying plant ash to the wound for disinfection, so that diseases are prevented, and the seed taro is promoted to germinate;
in the fourth step, seedling checking and supplementing are started 20 days after planting, weeding is carried out 40 days after planting, seedling fertilizer is applied when leaves are 2-3, and pest control is carried out by using 4000-fold liquid of 72 percent streptomycin and 1200-fold liquid of 50 percent imidacloprid wettable powder during the seedling stage;
in the fifth step, when the canna edulis ker grows to 60-80cm, the first round of harvesting is carried out, the time is in late 6 months, and the stubble height is 10cm; the second round of harvesting is the stem leaves grown by tillering the canna edulis ker after the first round of harvesting, and the canna edulis ker is harvested when the stem leaves grow to 100-120cm, the time is 9 middle-ten days, and the stubble height is 10cm: the third round of harvesting is carried out at the full-bloom stage and after the full-bloom stage of the regenerated canna edulis ker, harvesting is carried out at 150-180cm, the harvesting time is 1 ten days, and the stubble height is 20cm;
in the sixth step, topdressing is carried out after each harvest of canna edulis ker, and urea is topdressed for 2-3 days at a rate of 20-30kg/667m 2 15-25kg of potassium sulfate;
and in the seventh step, the harvested canna edulis ker stems and leaves are crushed to 10cm, aired until the water content is less than or equal to 65%, sprayed with cellulase and lactobacillus, bagged, sealed, fermented and stored.
2. The cultivation method suitable for the cycle harvest of black mountain land feed canna according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the planting field is selected from a gentle slope field with the annual average temperature of more than 15 ℃, the annual rainfall of 800-1500mm, the soil pH value of 6.5-8.0 and the underground water level of more than 1m, and an inter-mountain slope field or valley field, and the planting field is planted in an area with the slope of less than 25 degrees.
3. The cultivation method suitable for the cyclic harvesting of the banana dasheen as the feed for the Qian mountain land according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, one or more of alachlor, acetochlor and butachlor can be used for killing surface weeds.
4. The cultivation method suitable for the cyclic harvesting of the banana dasheen as the feed for the Qian mountain land according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the ridges are 20-30cm high, the narrow ridges are in single row, the row spacing of the plants is 0.5 multiplied by 0.7m, 2000 plants are planted per mu, and the groove depth is 25-30cm.
5. The cultivation method suitable for the cycle harvest of black mountain land feed canna according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the variety of the seed taro to be selected for feeding is Qianbei banana taro, purple leaf safflower, xingjiang No. 1 or Xingjiang No. 2.
6. The cultivation method suitable for the cyclic harvesting of the banana dasheen as the feed for the Qian mountain land according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, 1000-1500kg of farmyard manure, 50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 50kg of compound fertilizer are applied in holes or ditches per mu as base fertilizers.
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