CN113575160A - Cultivation method for increasing content of prinsepia utilis royle essential oil - Google Patents
Cultivation method for increasing content of prinsepia utilis royle essential oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN113575160A CN113575160A CN202110975684.7A CN202110975684A CN113575160A CN 113575160 A CN113575160 A CN 113575160A CN 202110975684 A CN202110975684 A CN 202110975684A CN 113575160 A CN113575160 A CN 113575160A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/27—Dispersions, e.g. suspensions or emulsions
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving the content of prinsepia utilis royle essential oil, which comprises the following steps: s1: cultivating the Prinsepia utilis Royle seedlings with strong tree vigor, high yield and good quality in the full bearing period, cutting scion branches on the Prinsepia utilis Royle seedlings, and processing the scion branches to obtain scions; s2: selecting stock seedlings and processing the stock seedlings; s3: the method adopts the grafted seedlings, can maintain the excellent quality of the mother parent of the prinsepia utilis royle, is not easy to have variation, dwarfs the tree vigor, is convenient to pick, advances the bearing age, improves the yield of the prinsepia utilis royle, adopts reasonable maintenance, and improves the survival rate of the grafted seedlings; in the process of maintaining the prinsepia utilis royle seedlings, the growth of the prinsepia utilis royle is regulated, so that the disease resistance of the prinsepia utilis royle is enhanced, the yield is increased, excessive use of pesticides is avoided, green pollution-free prinsepia utilis royle is produced, and the method is more suitable for wine brewing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for improving the content of prinsepia utilis royle essential oil.
Background
The plant of genus Prinsepia belonging to family Prinsepia utilis, family Rosaceae, is called Prinsepia utilis, and is added with oil fruit. It grows in hillside, wasteland, land, roadside and in the irrigation clusters of the yin-wet mountain ditches with the altitude of 1800-3000 m, is especially suitable for growing in the land with the altitude of 2200-2700 m, and is an economic plant with the dual-purpose of medicine and food. China is distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Tibet and Guizhou provinces. The Prinsepia utilis Royle whole body is treasure, and the root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit and oil of Prinsepia utilis Royle can be used as medicine or other medicines besides edible ones, and has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, diminishing inflammation, promoting blood circulation, relieving pain, promoting digestion, invigorating stomach, etc. According to records recorded in Yunnan herbal medicine, the Chinese thorny root is sharp, bitter in taste and cold in nature, and mainly attacks all carbuncle, deep-rooted carbuncle and toxic sores, and emerges if pus exists, and disappears immediately if no pus exists, and tuberculosis is scattered. The pickles pickled by the tender tips of the prinsepia utilis royle are cool and delicious, have the effects of invigorating stomach and helping digestion, and have better effects on inhibiting oral and intestinal inflammation; the decoction of the green thorn fruit flower, the tender tip, the leaf and the fibrous root has obvious functions of diminishing inflammation and relieving pain for toothache and throat inflammation.
At present, the artificially cultivated prinsepia utilis royle has the defects of small number of seedlings, low propagation speed and no standardized management mode in the planting process, so that the economic benefit of the prinsepia utilis royle is low, and the artificially cultivated prinsepia utilis royle has low extraction amount of essential oil and is difficult to realize industrial production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for improving the content of prinsepia utilis royle essential oil, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for improving the content of prinsepia utilis royle essential oil specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: cultivating the Prinsepia utilis Royle seedlings with strong tree vigor, high yield and good quality in the full bearing period, cutting scion branches on the Prinsepia utilis Royle seedlings, and processing the scion branches to obtain scions;
s2: selecting stock seedlings and processing the stock seedlings;
s3: grafting the scion on the stock seedling to obtain a grafted seedling, and performing maintenance management on the grafted seedling to obtain a finished seedling;
s4: selecting slightly acidic red loam and sandy soil or black loam which are leeward and sunny, have thick soil, good drainage and convenient watering as planting sites, removing trees and weeds, deeply ploughing and sunning soil, and excavating drainage ditches around the garden;
s5: removing site selection sundries in 3-4 months, deep ploughing for 70-90cm, scattering 15-20kg of quicklime per mu of the ploughed land, digging planting holes with the row spacing of 6-10m and the plant spacing of 5-6m according to the standard, wherein the planting holes are 1-1.5m long, 1.2-1.8m wide and 1-1.3m deep, applying 50-60kg of base fertilizer at the bottom of each planting hole, filling soil, and filling the soil to the depth of 15-20 cm;
s6: transplanting the Prinsepia utilis Royle finished product seedlings at 5-7 months, soaking the roots of the finished product seedlings in the mixed microbial inoculum before transplanting, then putting the finished product seedlings in the center of a planting hole, covering soil and compacting, and watering enough root fixing water;
s7: intercropping and covering roots of the prinsepia utilis royle after field planting, hilling and loosening soil, managing water and fertilizer, shaping and pruning, and preventing diseases and pests;
s8: performing water and fertilizer management, intercropping, intertillage soil loosening, weeding, ridging and irrigation water, shaping and pruning and pest control on the mature prinsepia utilis royle trees;
s9: and harvesting mature prinsepia utilis royle fruits 3-5 months per year.
Preferably, the specific method for cultivating the prinsepia utilis royle seedlings with strong tree vigor, high yield and good quality in the full bearing period in the step S1 comprises the following steps:
s11: collecting seeds on a strong and sunny full-bearing tree, selecting fully mature seeds without diseases and insect pests in the same year as the seeds, kneading pulp with fine sand after the seeds are collected, and selecting seeds with high oil content;
s12: soaking seeds in warm water at 35-40 ℃ for 18-24h, and selecting full seeds for sowing in the soaking process;
s13: sowing seeds on a seedbed, covering a layer of mulching film or straw on the seedbed, watering the seedbed with enough water before covering grass, sprinkling water by using a sprinkling can, watering every 2-3 days, removing the covering grass after the seedlings grow basically, controlling thinning and weeding, and obtaining the prinsepia utilis royle seedlings when the seedlings grow to 50-60 cm.
Preferably, the scion processing in step S1 is specifically: cutting a branch of 7-9cm from the prinsepia utilis royle seedling as a scion branch, reserving 2-3 leaves of the scion branch, cutting off the area of 1/2 of the leaves, and finally cutting the lower end of the scion into an oblique mouth shape to obtain the scion.
Preferably, the specific method for selecting the rootstock seedling in step S2 is as follows: selecting a 2-3 year-old local prinsepia utilis royle seedling, cutting the top of the seedling 70-80cm away from the ground, cutting a cut 2-2.5cm in length and 5-6cm in depth below the cut, and spraying grafting nutrient solution on the cut and the cut to obtain the stock.
Preferably, the grafting nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4-8 parts of gibberellin, 2-5 parts of indoleacetic acid, 15-25 parts of fermentation liquor, 0.001-0.004 part of sodium molybdate, 0.5-1 part of chelated iron, 1-5 parts of citric acid and 2-4 parts of activated carbon.
Preferably, the grafting in step S3 specifically comprises: grafting the scion on the stock seedling to obtain a grafted seedling, coating a plant grafting healing agent around the grafting opening, binding the grafting opening by using a plastic film strip, and managing according to a conventional method until the grafting opening is completely healed.
Preferably, the plant grafting healing agent is prepared by adopting Kathon, alpha-naphthylacetic acid, distilled water and a super absorbent resin with the water absorption multiple of 400-500 times, wherein the proportion of the Kathon, the alpha-naphthylacetic acid and the distilled water is 1-1.5: 3-4: 5000-8000, and the addition amount of the super absorbent resin is 2-4 times of the amount of the Kathon.
Preferably, the grafting management in step S3 specifically includes: spraying water for 1-2 times per day within 15-20 days of grafting, and removing the foot buds in time; after 20 days, the fertilizer is applied regularly, and when new buds germinate, the disease-preventing liquid is sprayed.
Preferably, the disease prevention liquid comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of cogongrass rhizome, 2-5 parts of inula flower, 3-8 parts of fructus kochiae, 1-5 parts of tripterygium wilfordii and 1-3 parts of rhizoma arisaematis.
Preferably, the mixed microbial inoculum in the step S6 is prepared by mixing Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas and water in a ratio of 1: 4: 100-500.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the cultivation method for improving the content of the Prinsepia utilis Royle essential oil adopts a scientific and reasonable planting method, adopts grafted seedlings, can maintain the excellent quality of the Prinsepia utilis Royle female parent, is not easy to have variation, dwarfs the tree vigor, is convenient to pick, advances the fruiting age, improves the yield of the Prinsepia utilis Royle, and selects the full seeds with high oil content in the same year as seedlings in the process of cultivating the seedlings to obtain high-oil seedlings; in the grafting process, reasonable maintenance is adopted, so that the survival rate of grafted seedlings is improved; in the process of maintaining the prinsepia utilis royle nursery stocks, the growth of the prinsepia utilis royle is regulated, so that the disease resistance of the prinsepia utilis royle is enhanced, the yield is increased, excessive use of pesticides is avoided, green pollution-free prinsepia utilis royle is produced, the method is more suitable for wine brewing, the prinsepia utilis royle wine is more popular with people, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization.
2. According to the invention, the extension, division and differentiation of the scion and cambium cells after grafting are effectively promoted by spraying the special grafting nutrient solution to the scion and the grafting opening of the stock, the healing of the scion and the grafting opening is effectively promoted, the scion is favorable for absorbing water and nutrients from the stock, and thus the grafting survival rate and the sprouting speed are improved. The grafting nutrient solution can effectively stimulate the efficient transcription of the L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase gene PAL, the content of the L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase at the combination part of the stock and the scion is improved, and the activity of the L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase is improved to a certain extent, so that the affinity of the stock and the scion is improved, the grafting success rate is improved, the active carbon prepared by the embodiment has a rough surface, a rich pore structure, a small amount of nano particles are attached to the inner wall of the pores, and the particles are arranged dispersedly and disorderly. The pores of the activated carbon also have a large number of active groups, most of which are hydroxyl groups and the minor of which are carboxyl groups, carbonyl groups and the like. The active group plays a key role in improving the activity of the L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase.
3. According to the invention, nutrition, sterilization and moisture are simultaneously carried out on the plant grafting opening, and the plant grafting opening has the functions of disinfection, sterilization, corrosion prevention, prevention of moisture and nutrient loss and the like, so that the healing of the grafting wound is promoted, and the grafting survival rate is improved. In addition, the kaempferol in the embodiment has broad-spectrum and high-efficiency sterilization, stable property, no toxicity, long lasting effect, no formaldehyde, heavy metal and other harmful substances, can effectively inhibit and kill harmful bacteria, inhibit the infection of the harmful bacteria for a long time, kill pathogenic bacteria at the scion graft interface, and effectively prevent and treat the plant rot disease; the consumption of Kathon raw materials in the formed product is low, and the cost is low; the alpha-naphthylacetic acid is a broad-spectrum plant growth regulator, can quickly activate the immune system of plants, promote cell division and growth metabolism, and promote the activity of cambium, thereby promoting wound healing and improving the survival rate of grafting; the alpha-naphthylacetic acid raw material in the product has less consumption and low cost; the super absorbent resin is a novel functional polymer material. The water-absorbing agent has the water-absorbing function with the absorption ratio of hundreds of higher than the self weight, and has excellent water-retaining performance, when the ambient humidity environment is unbalanced with the ambient humidity environment, the stored water can be released slowly, the water of the grafting opening can be effectively kept from losing water, and the grafting opening can be promoted to heal as soon as possible; the super absorbent resin in the product has the advantages of less raw material consumption and low cost.
4. According to the invention, the special disease-preventing liquid is adopted to spray the new buds, the pest killing rate of the disease-preventing liquid on the Spodoptera exigua with high emergence rate of the green spiny fruit grafting seedlings reaches more than 93%, and is 30.8-41.3% higher than that of a single component in the disease-preventing liquid, meanwhile, the inhibition rate of the disease-preventing liquid on the anthracnose pathogen of the green spiny fruit reaches more than 87.9%, and is 20.5-30.3% higher than that of the single component in the disease-preventing liquid, so that the incidence rate of the green spiny fruit grafting seedlings is effectively reduced, the robust growth of the grafting seedlings is promoted, the transplanting survival rate of the grafting seedlings reaches more than 91.2%, and the transplanting survival rate of the grafting seedlings is improved by 18.9-21.2% compared with the grafting seedlings obtained by the conventional grafting management.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
example 1
A cultivation method for improving the content of prinsepia utilis royle essential oil specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: cultivating the Prinsepia utilis Royle seedlings with strong tree vigor, high yield and good quality in the full bearing period, cutting scion branches on the Prinsepia utilis Royle seedlings, and processing the scion branches to obtain scions;
s2: selecting stock seedlings and processing the stock seedlings;
s3: grafting the scion on the stock seedling to obtain a grafted seedling, and performing maintenance management on the grafted seedling to obtain a finished seedling;
s4: selecting slightly acidic red loam and sandy soil or black loam which are leeward and sunny, have thick soil, good drainage and convenient watering as planting sites, removing trees and weeds, deeply ploughing and sunning soil, and excavating drainage ditches around the garden;
s5: removing site selection sundries in the period of 3 months, deeply ploughing for 80cm, scattering 20kg of quicklime in each mu of deeply ploughed land, digging planting holes according to the standard of 8m row spacing and 5m plant spacing, wherein the planting holes are 1m long, 1.2m wide and 1m deep, applying 60kg of base fertilizer at the bottom of each planting hole, and filling soil, and the filling thickness is 20 m;
s6: transplanting the Prinsepia utilis Royle finished product seedlings at 5-7 months, soaking the roots of the finished product seedlings in the mixed microbial inoculum before transplanting, then putting the finished product seedlings in the center of a planting hole, covering soil and compacting, and watering enough root fixing water;
s7: intercropping and covering roots of the prinsepia utilis royle after field planting, hilling and loosening soil, managing water and fertilizer, shaping and pruning, and preventing diseases and pests;
s8: performing water and fertilizer management, intercropping, intertillage soil loosening, weeding, ridging and irrigation water, shaping and pruning and pest control on the mature prinsepia utilis royle trees;
s9: and harvesting mature prinsepia utilis royle fruits 3-5 months per year.
Example 2
The specific method for cultivating the Prinsepia utilis Royle seedlings with strong tree vigor, high yield and good quality in the full bearing period in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s11: collecting seeds on a strong and sunny full-bearing tree, selecting fully mature seeds without diseases and insect pests in the same year as the seeds, kneading pulp with fine sand after the seeds are collected, and selecting seeds with high oil content;
s12: soaking seeds in warm water at 35-40 ℃ for 18-24h, and selecting full seeds for sowing in the soaking process;
s13: sowing seeds on a seedbed, covering a layer of mulching film or straw on the seedbed, watering the seedbed with enough water before covering grass, sprinkling water by using a sprinkling can, watering every 2-3 days, removing the covering grass after the seedlings grow basically, controlling thinning and weeding, and obtaining the prinsepia utilis royle seedlings when the seedlings grow to 50-60 cm.
The scion treatment in this example specifically was: cutting a branch of 7-9cm from the prinsepia utilis royle seedling as a scion branch, reserving 2-3 leaves of the scion branch, cutting off the area of 1/2 of the leaves, and finally cutting the lower end of the scion into an oblique mouth shape to obtain the scion.
In the embodiment, the high-yield disease-resistant rate of the prinsepia utilis royle is improved by cultivating the prinsepia utilis royle seedlings with strong tree vigor, high yield and excellent quality as the prinsepia utilis royle scions.
Example 3
The specific method for selecting the rootstock seedling in the embodiment comprises the following steps: selecting a 2-3 year-old local prinsepia utilis royle seedling, cutting the top of the seedling 70-80cm away from the ground, cutting a cut 2-2.5cm in length and 5-6cm in depth below the cut, and spraying grafting nutrient solution on the cut and the cut to obtain the stock.
Specifically, the grafting nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts of gibberellin, 4 parts of indoleacetic acid, 20 parts of fermentation liquor, 0.003 part of sodium molybdate, 1 part of chelated iron, 2 parts of citric acid and 2 parts of activated carbon.
The preparation method of the active carbon comprises the following steps: adding 3% of silicate solid, 0.4% of strong magnesium oxide solid and 0.6% of manganese acetate into coconut shell powder, roasting under the condition of limited oxygen, and calcining for 15min at the roasting temperature of 100 ℃; calcining at 210 ℃ for 13 min; calcining at 300 deg.C for 13 min; calcining at 400 deg.C for 100 min; calcining at 340 deg.C for 25 min; calcining at 200 deg.C for 27 min; calcining at 120 deg.C for 36 min; after the baking and sintering, the mixture is cooled in dry gas to obtain the activated carbon. The dry gas composition and its content were 87% N2 and 13% HCl.
In the embodiment, the specially-made grafting nutrient solution is sprayed to the cut and the grafting opening of the rootstock to effectively promote the extension, division and differentiation of cambium cells after the cut and the grafting, effectively promote the healing of the cut and the grafting opening, and facilitate the scion to absorb water and nutrients from the rootstock, so that the grafting survival rate and the sprouting speed are improved. The grafting nutrient solution can effectively stimulate the efficient transcription of the L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase gene PAL, the content of the L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase at the combination part of the stock and the scion is improved, and the activity of the L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase is improved to a certain extent, so that the affinity of the stock and the scion is improved, the grafting success rate is improved, the active carbon prepared by the embodiment has a rough surface, a rich pore structure, a small amount of nano particles are attached to the inner wall of the pores, and the particles are arranged dispersedly and disorderly. The pores of the activated carbon also have a large number of active groups, most of which are hydroxyl groups and the minor of which are carboxyl groups, carbonyl groups and the like. The active group plays a key role in improving the activity of the L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase.
Example 4
The grafting in the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps: grafting the scion on the stock seedling to obtain a grafted seedling, coating a plant grafting healing agent around the grafting opening, binding the grafting opening by using a plastic film strip, and managing according to a conventional method until the grafting opening is completely healed.
Specifically, the plant grafting healing agent is prepared by adopting Kathon, alpha-naphthylacetic acid, distilled water and super absorbent resin with the water absorption multiple of 400-500 times, wherein the proportion of the Kathon, the alpha-naphthylacetic acid and the distilled water is 1-1.5: 3-4: 5000-8000, and the addition amount of the super absorbent resin is 2-4 times of the Kathon amount.
In the implementation, the plant grafting opening is simultaneously nutritious, sterilized and moisturized, and the plant grafting opening has the functions of sterilization, corrosion prevention, prevention of moisture and nutrient loss and the like, so that the healing of the grafting wound is promoted, and the grafting survival rate is improved. In addition, the kaempferol in the embodiment has broad-spectrum and high-efficiency sterilization, stable property, no toxicity, long lasting effect, no formaldehyde, heavy metal and other harmful substances, can effectively inhibit and kill harmful bacteria, inhibit the infection of the harmful bacteria for a long time, kill pathogenic bacteria at the scion graft interface, and effectively prevent and treat the plant rot disease; the consumption of Kathon raw materials in the formed product is low, and the cost is low; the alpha-naphthylacetic acid is a broad-spectrum plant growth regulator, can quickly activate the immune system of plants, promote cell division and growth metabolism, and promote the activity of cambium, thereby promoting wound healing and improving the survival rate of grafting; the alpha-naphthylacetic acid raw material in the product has less consumption and low cost; the super absorbent resin is a novel functional polymer material. The water-absorbing agent has the water-absorbing function with the absorption ratio of hundreds of higher than the self weight, and has excellent water-retaining performance, when the ambient humidity environment is unbalanced with the ambient humidity environment, the stored water can be released slowly, the water of the grafting opening can be effectively kept from losing water, and the grafting opening can be promoted to heal as soon as possible; the super absorbent resin in the product has the advantages of less raw material consumption and low cost.
Example 5
The grafting management in this embodiment specifically includes: within 20 days of grafting, spraying water for 2 times per day, and removing the foot buds in time; after 20 days, the fertilizer is applied regularly, and when new buds germinate, the disease-preventing liquid is sprayed.
Specifically, the disease prevention liquid comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 4 parts of cogongrass rhizome, 4 parts of inula flower, 5 parts of broom cypress fruit, 2 parts of tripterygium wilfordii and 2 parts of rhizoma arisaematis.
In addition, the mixed microbial inoculum in the step S6 is prepared by mixing Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas and water in the proportion of 1: 4: 100-500.
In the embodiment, in the process of managing the grafted seedlings, the special disease-preventing liquid is adopted to spray the new buds, the pest killing rate of the disease-preventing liquid on the Spodoptera exigua with high incidence of the green spiny fruit grafted seedlings is up to more than 93%, and is 30.8-41.3% higher than that of a single component in the disease-preventing liquid, meanwhile, the inhibition rate of the disease-preventing liquid on anthracnose of the green spiny fruit is up to more than 87.9%, and is 20.5-30.3% higher than that of a single component in the disease-preventing liquid, so that the incidence of the green spiny fruit grafted seedlings is effectively reduced, the robust growth of the grafted seedlings is promoted, the transplanting survival rate of the grafted seedlings is up to more than 91.2%, and compared with the grafted seedlings obtained by the existing grafted seedling management, the transplanting survival rate of the grafted seedlings is improved by 18.9-21.2%.
The cultivation method for improving the content of the Prinsepia utilis Royle essential oil adopts a scientific and reasonable planting method, adopts grafted seedlings, can maintain the excellent quality of the Prinsepia utilis Royle female parent, is not easy to have variation, dwarfs the tree vigor, is convenient to pick, advances the fruiting age, improves the yield of the Prinsepia utilis Royle, and selects the full seeds with high oil content in the same year as seedlings in the process of cultivating the seedlings to obtain high-oil seedlings; in the grafting process, reasonable maintenance is adopted, so that the survival rate of grafted seedlings is improved; in the process of maintaining the prinsepia utilis royle nursery stocks, the growth of the prinsepia utilis royle is regulated, so that the disease resistance of the prinsepia utilis royle is enhanced, the yield is increased, excessive use of pesticides is avoided, green pollution-free prinsepia utilis royle is produced, the method is more suitable for wine brewing, the prinsepia utilis royle wine is more popular with people, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method for improving the content of prinsepia utilis royle essential oil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: cultivating the Prinsepia utilis Royle seedlings with strong tree vigor, high yield and good quality in the full bearing period, cutting scion branches on the Prinsepia utilis Royle seedlings, and processing the scion branches to obtain scions;
s2: selecting stock seedlings and processing the stock seedlings;
s3: grafting the scion on the stock seedling to obtain a grafted seedling, and performing maintenance management on the grafted seedling to obtain a finished seedling;
s4: selecting slightly acidic red loam and sandy soil or black loam which are leeward and sunny, have thick soil, good drainage and convenient watering as planting sites, removing trees and weeds, deeply ploughing and sunning soil, and excavating drainage ditches around the garden;
s5: removing site selection sundries in 3-4 months, deep ploughing for 70-90cm, scattering 15-20kg of quicklime per mu of the ploughed land, digging planting holes with the row spacing of 6-10m and the plant spacing of 5-6m according to the standard, wherein the planting holes are 1-1.5m long, 1.2-1.8m wide and 1-1.3m deep, applying 50-60kg of base fertilizer at the bottom of each planting hole, filling soil, and filling the soil to the depth of 15-20 cm;
s6: transplanting the Prinsepia utilis Royle finished product seedlings at 5-7 months, soaking the roots of the finished product seedlings in the mixed microbial inoculum before transplanting, then putting the finished product seedlings in the center of a planting hole, covering soil and compacting, and watering enough root fixing water;
s7: intercropping and covering roots of the prinsepia utilis royle after field planting, hilling and loosening soil, managing water and fertilizer, shaping and pruning, and preventing diseases and pests;
s8: performing water and fertilizer management, intercropping, intertillage soil loosening, weeding, ridging and irrigation water, shaping and pruning and pest control on the mature prinsepia utilis royle trees;
s9: and harvesting mature prinsepia utilis royle fruits 3-5 months per year.
2. A cultivation method for increasing the content of prinsepia utilis royle essential oil according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the specific method for cultivating the Prinsepia utilis Royle seedlings with strong tree vigor, high yield and good quality in the full bearing period in the step S1 comprises the following steps:
s11: collecting seeds on a strong tree in a sunny full-bearing period, selecting fully mature seeds without diseases and insect pests in the same year as the seeds, kneading pulp with fine sand after the seeds are collected, and selecting seeds with high oil content;
s12: soaking seeds in warm water at 35-40 ℃ for 18-24h, and selecting full seeds for sowing in the soaking process;
s13: sowing seeds on a seedbed, covering a layer of mulching film or straw on the seedbed, watering the seedbed with enough water before covering grass, sprinkling water by using a sprinkling can, watering every 2-3 days, removing the covering grass after the seedlings grow basically, controlling thinning and weeding, and obtaining the prinsepia utilis royle seedlings when the seedlings grow to 50-60 cm.
3. A cultivation method for increasing the content of prinsepia utilis royle essential oil according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the scion processing in step S1 specifically includes: cutting a branch of 7-9cm from the prinsepia utilis royle seedling as a scion branch, reserving 2-3 leaves of the scion branch, cutting off the area of 1/2 of the leaves, and finally cutting the lower end of the scion into an oblique mouth shape to obtain the scion.
4. A cultivation method for increasing the content of prinsepia utilis royle essential oil according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the specific method for selecting the rootstock seedling in the step S2 comprises the following steps: selecting a 2-3 year-old local prinsepia utilis royle seedling, cutting the top of the seedling 70-80cm away from the ground, cutting a cut 2-2.5cm in length and 5-6cm in depth below the cut, and spraying grafting nutrient solution on the cut and the cut to obtain the stock.
5. A cultivation method for increasing the content of prinsepia utilis royle essential oil according to claim 4, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the grafting nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4-8 parts of gibberellin, 2-5 parts of indoleacetic acid, 15-25 parts of fermentation liquor, 0.001-0.004 part of sodium molybdate, 0.5-1 part of chelated iron, 1-5 parts of citric acid and 2-4 parts of activated carbon.
6. A cultivation method for increasing the content of prinsepia utilis royle essential oil according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the grafting in the step S3 specifically comprises the following steps: grafting the scion on the stock seedling to obtain a grafted seedling, coating a plant grafting healing agent around the grafting opening, binding the grafting opening by using a plastic film strip, and managing according to a conventional method until the grafting opening is completely healed.
7. A cultivation method for increasing the content of prinsepia utilis royle essential oil according to claim 6, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the plant grafting healing agent is prepared from Kathon, alpha-naphthylacetic acid, distilled water and a super absorbent resin with the water absorption multiple of 400-500 times, wherein the proportion of the Kathon, the alpha-naphthylacetic acid and the distilled water is 1-1.5: 3-4: 5000-8000, and the addition amount of the super absorbent resin is 2-4 times of the Kathon amount.
8. A cultivation method for increasing the content of prinsepia utilis royle essential oil according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: in step S3, the grafting management specifically includes: spraying water for 1-2 times per day within 15-20 days of grafting, and removing the foot buds in time; after 20 days, the fertilizer is applied regularly, and when new buds germinate, the disease-preventing liquid is sprayed.
9. A cultivation method for increasing the content of prinsepia utilis royle essential oil according to claim 8, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the disease prevention liquid comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of cogongrass rhizome, 2-5 parts of inula flower, 3-8 parts of fructus kochiae, 1-5 parts of tripterygium wilfordii and 1-3 parts of rhizoma arisaematis.
10. A cultivation method for increasing the content of prinsepia utilis royle essential oil according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: in the step S6, the mixed microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas and water in the proportion of 1: 4: 100-500.
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