CN113491250A - Multi-space high-dissolved-oxygen device based on freshwater shrimps and breeding method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-space high-dissolved-oxygen device based on freshwater shrimps and breeding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 241000143060 Americamysis bahia Species 0.000 title abstract 4
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 272
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 230000009193 crawling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 7
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000700141 Rotifera Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000577 adipose tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000058338 Macrobrachium nipponense Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000016087 ovulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241001113556 Elodea Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000269799 Perca fluviatilis Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-space high-dissolved oxygen device based on freshwater shrimps and a breeding method thereof, and relates to the technical field of freshwater shrimp breeding, wherein the multi-space high-dissolved oxygen device comprises a plurality of breeding units and an oxygenation device; the culture unit comprises a vertical pipe and a plurality of horizontally arranged freshwater shrimp crawling net structures; a plurality of air outlet holes are formed in the vertical pipe, and the density of the air outlet holes in the lower part of the vertical pipe is greater than that of the air outlet holes in the upper part of the vertical pipe; the lower end of the vertical pipe is inserted into the bottom of the pond, and the lower part of the vertical pipe is communicated with an oxygen outlet of the oxygenation device through a connecting pipe; the breeding method of the multi-space high dissolved oxygen device based on the freshwater shrimps comprises the following steps: step one, installing a multi-space high dissolved oxygen device; step two, stocking the egg-carrying shrimps; step three, shrimp fry cultivation: and step four, adult shrimp culture. The invention is suitable for the freshwater shrimp aquaculture pond, and the aquaculture quantity in the pond is increased by arranging the freshwater shrimp crawling net structure; the oxygen increasing device is arranged to ensure the oxygen requirement for freshwater shrimp culture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of freshwater shrimp breeding and breeding, in particular to a multi-space high-dissolved oxygen device based on freshwater shrimps and a breeding method thereof.
Background
The freshwater shrimps are named as macrobrachium nipponensis and river shrimps, and are rare aquatic products popular with people and important freshwater aquaculture shrimps in China due to rich nutrition and delicious taste. The freshwater shrimp life habit is that the freshwater shrimp crawls at the bottom of the pond. In the freshwater shrimp breeding period, shrimp seeds are distributed in a three-dimensional manner from the initial full pond to the bottom of the pond after being transformed into juvenile shrimps. Because a large number of freshwater shrimp larvae are all gathered at the bottom of the pond, the space pressure and the survival pressure are increased rapidly, the environment of the water body at the bottom is deteriorated and anoxic, the freshwater shrimp larvae die, the survival rate is low, and the yield of the freshwater shrimps is low.
As the freshwater shrimps are in good vigor and like killing each other, water plants and the like are required to be arranged for the freshwater shrimp culture to shield and hide. However, the aquatic weeds compete for nutrition with phytoplankton in the growth period, so that the algae phase in the water body is difficult to culture; in addition, aquatic weeds are easy to overgrow in summer, and are easy to rot in high-temperature weather, so that the pond smelly water is caused, and the freshwater shrimp culture is influenced. The excess water plants need to be manually cut off, which consumes manpower and material resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a multi-space high-dissolved oxygen device based on freshwater shrimps and a breeding method thereof, aiming at the problems that in the prior art, freshwater shrimps are concentrated at the bottom of a pond in the same pond, so that the pressure of a bottom space is large, the ecological environment is poor, the capacity of the pond is low, and accordingly the yield of freshwater shrimp seeds is low and a large quantity of freshwater shrimps cannot be bred.
The technical scheme is as follows: a multi-space high dissolved oxygen device based on freshwater shrimps comprises a plurality of culture units and an oxygenation device; the culture unit comprises a vertical pipe and a plurality of horizontally arranged freshwater shrimp crawling net structures; the freshwater shrimp crawling net structures are arranged around the vertical pipe in a staggered mode and connected with the vertical pipe, and the freshwater shrimp crawling net structures are in spiral structures along the vertical pipe; a plurality of air outlet holes are formed in the vertical pipe, and the density of the air outlet holes in the lower part of the vertical pipe is greater than that of the air outlet holes in the upper part of the vertical pipe; the lower end of the vertical pipe is inserted into the bottom of the pond, the lower part of the vertical pipe is communicated with an oxygen outlet of the oxygenation device through a connecting pipe, and a flow control valve is arranged on the oxygen outlet.
Furthermore, the freshwater shrimp crawling net structure comprises a crawling net, an upper annular fixing ring and a lower annular fixing ring, the edge of the crawling net is clamped between the upper annular fixing ring and the lower annular fixing ring, and the upper annular fixing ring and the lower annular fixing ring are fixed through a plurality of first fixing pins; an annular fixing device is arranged on the outer side of the lower annular fixing ring, and a locking bolt is arranged on the annular fixing device; the annular fixing device of the freshwater shrimp crawling net structure is arranged on the vertical pipe in a penetrating mode, and the freshwater shrimp crawling net structure is fixed to different height positions of the vertical pipe through the locking bolts.
Furthermore, a first supporting rod is arranged below the crawling net, two ends of the first supporting rod penetrate through the lower annular fixing ring and extend out of the lower annular fixing ring, and blocking pieces are arranged at two ends of the first supporting rod; a second support rod is arranged in the middle of the first support rod, and the first end of the second support rod is rotatably connected with the first support rod; and the second end of the second supporting rod is connected with the vertical pipe through a second fixing pin.
Furthermore, 3 freshwater shrimp crawling net structures are arranged in the culture unit, the height between every two adjacent freshwater shrimp crawling net structures is 15-20cm, and the height of the vertical pipe is 60-80 cm; the diameter of the culture unit is 1.4-1.6 m; the distance between two adjacent culture units is 3-5 m; the inner diameter of the upper annular fixing ring is 70-80cm, the diameter of meshes of the crawling net is 1.5-2.5mm, and the crawling net is made of an knotless net.
Further, the vertical pipe is a PVC pipe; the first supporting rod and the second supporting rod are made of PVC materials; the upper end and the lower end of the vertical pipe are both closed ends.
Furthermore, the edge of the freshwater shrimp net structure of crawling is provided with a plurality of pasture and water planting holes, the downthehole manual work pasture and water of inserting of pasture and water planting.
The invention discloses a method for breeding a multi-space high-dissolved-oxygen device based on freshwater shrimps, which comprises the following steps:
step one, installation of a multi-space high dissolved oxygen device:
preparing a pond: selecting the depth of 1-1.5m and the slope ridge ratio of 1: 2.5, draining water in the pond in which water is fed and drained separately, and drying the pond until the bottom of the pond is dry, cracked and white; filtering fresh water with double-layer bolting silk of more than 60 meshes, and injecting the filtered fresh water into the pond until the depth of the pond water reaches 50-80 cm; applying organic fertilizer or biological fertilizer, and properly adding algae seeds according to the water source condition to fertilize water, and keeping the transparency at 20-30 cm;
installing an oxygenation device and a culture unit in the pond, and inserting artificial water plants in the edge of the freshwater shrimp crawling net structure;
step two, stocking the egg-carrying shrimps; egg-carrying shrimp selection standard: the body length is more than 4.5cm, the egg grains grow synchronously, the egg grains are dark green, the egg-carrying shrimps are slowly put along the periphery of the pond, and the stocking amount is 0.5 kg/mu;
step three, shrimp fry cultivation: when the oviposition shrimps are completely ovulated, the shrimp fry culturing stage can be realized; the fertility of the water body is kept, enough algae and rotifers are guaranteed for shrimp seedlings to eat, and soybean milk is properly supplemented according to the water body fat and thin degree; feeding the young shrimp granules 18-20 days after the laying shrimps are put in, wherein the daily feeding amount accounts for 8-12% of the weight of the shrimps; after 28-30 days after the laying shrimps are put in, the shrimp seedlings enter the rotary bottom ring section and are concentrated at the bottom of the pond and move on the crawling net, and special pellet feed for the young shrimps is fed;
step four, adult shrimp culture: when the shrimp seeds grow to be more than 1.2cm, the adult shrimp breeding stage is started, the special feed for the freshwater shrimps is fed, the oxygenation device is started regularly, and the water quality is adjusted regularly;
and in the second step to the third step, the oxygenation device is started in time according to the weather condition, the feeding condition, the water temperature of the pond, the pH value and the dissolved oxygen data.
Further, in the second step, the laying shrimps are thrown in a sunny day when the temperature of the water body reaches 27-28 ℃ in 5-6-5 days of each year.
Further, in the third step, the method for judging whether ovulation is complete is as follows: the water body is checked by using the diddle net, when the diddle net area can be covered by the transparent and triangular shrimp seeds by 50-60 percent, the oviposition of the shrimp is proved to be complete, and the shrimp seed cultivation stage can be started.
Further, in the second step to the third step, the specific operation of starting the oxygenation device according to the weather condition and the feeding condition is as follows: in sultry weather, oxygenation is carried out from nine o' clock at night to the morning of the next day; oxygenation is carried out in the daytime of rainy days; in the high temperature period, oxygen is added for half an hour in the noon; turning off the oxygen increasing device two hours before feeding, observing the feeding condition of the freshwater shrimps one hour after feeding, and turning on the oxygen increasing device again when no residual bait exists;
in the fourth step, the method for feeding adult shrimps comprises the following steps: feeding the freshwater shrimps with special feed with protein content of 40% after the freshwater shrimps grow, wherein the feeding time is 1 month, the feeding amount is 40 kg/mu, and the feeding amount is increased and decreased according to the ingestion condition of the freshwater shrimps; then feeding the special feed for the freshwater shrimps with the protein content of 36 percent, wherein the feeding amount is unchanged; feeding the freshwater shrimp special feed with the protein content of 40% in 9 months, wherein the feeding amount is unchanged, and the feeding time is 1 month; supplementing vitamin C and microelements every month during the adult shrimp culture period;
when adult shrimps are fed with the feed, the method for judging the feeding amount is as follows: the pond is patrolled every day, the four sides of the pond are copied by using a dip net to check whether the feed is left or not, the side with the left feed is detected, and no feed or little feed is fed in the next day;
in the fourth step, the method for checking the yield of the shrimp seeds in the pond comprises the following steps: the yield of the shrimp seeds in the pond is checked according to the feeding amount of the shrimp seeds within 3 days to 6 days in 7 months every year; when the feeding amount of the shrimp seeds reaches 0.4-0.6 kg/mu and no residual bait is observed, the shrimp seeds can directly enter the adult shrimp culture stage, and when the feeding amount is less than 0.4 kg/mu, the shrimp seeds need to be supplemented properly.
Has the advantages that:
1) the freshwater shrimp crawling net structure is suitable for a freshwater shrimp culture pond, and the space for freshwater shrimps to perch and crawl in the pond is increased by arranging the freshwater shrimp crawling net structure, so that the culture quantity of the freshwater shrimps is increased; the freshwater shrimp creeps the design of net helical structure, makes things convenient for the upper and lower exchange of rivers.
2) Oxygen is introduced into the vertical pipe in the culture unit through the oxygen increasing device, and the requirement of high-yield freshwater shrimps on oxygen in the freshwater shrimp culture pond is met.
3) Oxygen is supplied to the freshwater shrimps on the freshwater shrimp crawling net structure in the culture unit through the air outlet holes of the vertical pipes, so that the aim is achieved; meanwhile, the oxygen introduction amount can be controlled by the arrangement of the air outlet on the stand pipe and the arrangement of the flow control valve, so that strong air flow and bubbles cannot be generated in the pond, the stress reaction of the freshwater shrimps is avoided, and the inhabitation, shelling and growth of the freshwater shrimps are not influenced. 4) The density of the air outlet holes at the lower part of the stand pipe is greater than that of the air outlet holes at the upper part of the stand pipe, so that the requirement that dissolved oxygen at the bottom of the pond is low and bubbles move upwards to pass more oxygen is met.
5) The freshwater shrimp net structure of crawling is provided with the cyclic annular retainer plate of upside and the cyclic annular retainer plate of downside, does benefit to the net of crawling and keeps the horizontal direction, prevents that the net of crawling collapses.
6) The net of crawling sets up and to insert artifical pasture and water, provides to shield for the green shrimp that perchs on the net of crawling, easily drops in, easily drags for.
7) According to the breeding method of the multi-space high-dissolved oxygen device based on the freshwater shrimps, the water temperature for stocking the egg-carrying shrimps is no more than 30 ℃ at most, the stocking time is no later than 6 months and 5 days at latest, the influence of plum rain seasons on the seedling emergence of the shrimp seedlings can be prevented in the period of time, the yield of the finished shrimps is improved, the dissolved oxygen in a pond is improved after the device is used, the survival rate of the shrimp seedlings is increased, the feeding amount of the egg-carrying shrimps is reduced, only 0.5kg of the egg-carrying shrimps is required to be fed per mu, the activity space of the freshwater shrimps is increased, and the number of the pond loaded with the freshwater shrimps is increased.
8) The breeding method of the multi-space high dissolved oxygen device based on the freshwater shrimps judges whether the freshwater shrimps are required to be supplemented according to the feeding amount of the freshwater shrimps, and the number of the freshwater shrimps which can be cultured in the pond is increased, so that the number of the freshwater shrimps is higher than that of the freshwater shrimps in a common pond, the feeding amount of the freshwater shrimps is required to be 0.4-0.5 kg/mu, and the freshwater shrimps are not required to be supplemented additionally.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a culture unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a freshwater shrimp crawling net structure of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the lower annular retaining ring of the present invention;
reference numbers in the figures: an oxygenation device-1; a riser-2; an air outlet-3; a freshwater shrimp crawling net structure-4; a crawling net-41; an upper annular retainer ring-42; a lower annular retainer ring-43; a first support bar-44; a second supporting rod-45 and a connecting pipe-5.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-4, a multi-space high dissolved oxygen device based on freshwater shrimps comprises a plurality of culture units and an oxygen increasing device 1; the culture unit comprises a vertical pipe 2 and a plurality of freshwater shrimp crawling net structures 4 which are horizontally arranged; the freshwater shrimp crawling net structures 4 are arranged around the vertical pipe 2 in a staggered manner and connected with the vertical pipe 2, the freshwater shrimp crawling net structures 4 are in a spiral structure along the vertical pipe 2, a plurality of aquatic weed planting holes are formed in the freshwater shrimp crawling net structures 4, and artificial aquatic weeds are inserted into the aquatic weed planting holes; a plurality of air outlet holes 3 are formed in the vertical pipe 2, and the density of the air outlet holes 3 at the lower part of the vertical pipe 2 is greater than that of the air outlet holes 3 at the upper part of the vertical pipe 2; the lower end of the vertical pipe 2 is inserted into the bottom of the pond, the lower part of the vertical pipe 2 is communicated with an oxygen outlet of the oxygenation device 1 through a connecting pipe 5, and a flow control valve is arranged on the oxygen outlet.
The freshwater shrimp crawling net structure 4 comprises a crawling net 41, an upper annular fixing ring 42 and a lower annular fixing ring 43, the edge of the crawling net 41 is clamped between the upper annular fixing ring 42 and the lower annular fixing ring 43, and the upper annular fixing ring 42 and the lower annular fixing ring 43 are fixed through a plurality of first fixing pins; an annular fixing device is arranged on the outer side of the lower annular fixing ring 43, and a locking bolt is arranged on the annular fixing device; the annular fixing device of the freshwater shrimp crawling net structure 4 is arranged on the vertical pipe 2 in a penetrating mode, and the freshwater shrimp crawling net structure 4 is fixed on the vertical pipe 2 at different height positions through the locking bolts.
A first supporting rod 44 is arranged below the crawling net 41, two ends of the first supporting rod 44 penetrate through the lower annular fixing ring 43 and extend out of the lower annular fixing ring 43, and blocking parts are arranged at two ends of the first supporting rod 44; a second support rod 45 is arranged in the middle of the first support rod 44, and a first end of the second support rod 45 is rotatably connected with the first support rod 44; the second end of the second support rod 45 is connected to the stand pipe 2 by a second fixing pin. The vertical pipe 2 is a PVC pipe; the first support rod 44 and the second support rod 45 are made of PVC materials; the upper end and the lower end of the vertical pipe 2 are both closed ends.
3 freshwater shrimp crawling net structures 4 are arranged in the culture unit, the height between every two adjacent freshwater shrimp crawling net structures 4 is 15-20cm, and the height of the vertical pipe 2 is 60-80 cm; the diameter of the culture unit is 1.4-1.6 m; the distance between two adjacent culture units is 3-5 m; the inner diameter of the upper annular fixing ring 42 is 70-80cm, the mesh diameter of the crawling net 41 is 1.5-2.5mm, and the crawling net is made of an knotless net.
The multi-space high-dissolved-oxygen device based on the freshwater shrimps is suitable for the freshwater shrimp culture pond, and the number of cultured freshwater shrimps in the pond is increased by arranging the freshwater shrimp crawling net structure; the freshwater shrimp net structure of crawling design makes things convenient for the upper and lower exchange of rivers.
The oxygen increasing device is used for introducing oxygen into the vertical pipe in the culture unit, and oxygen is supplied to the freshwater shrimps on the freshwater shrimp crawling net structure in the culture unit through the air outlet holes of the vertical pipe, so that the oxygen increasing device is more targeted, and the waste of the oxygen is avoided; meanwhile, the oxygen introduction amount can be controlled by the arrangement of the air outlet holes on the stand pipe and the arrangement of the flow control valve, so that strong air flow and bubbles cannot be generated in the pond, the stress reaction of the freshwater shrimps is avoided, and the growth of the freshwater shrimps is not influenced.
The density of the air outlet holes at the lower part of the stand pipe is greater than that of the air outlet holes at the upper part of the stand pipe, so that the requirement that dissolved oxygen at the bottom of the pond is low and bubbles move upwards to pass more oxygen is met. The freshwater shrimp crawling net structure is provided with an upper annular fixing ring and a lower annular fixing ring, so that the crawling net is beneficial to keeping the horizontal direction and placing the crawling net to collapse; the first supporting rod and the second supporting rod increase the supporting force of the crawling net in the horizontal direction. Planting waterweeds in the freshwater shrimp crawling net structure to place the waterweeds, and providing a growth environment which freshwater shrimps like to shield; the upper end of the stand pipe is closed, so that a large amount of oxygen is prevented from flowing out of the upper end of the stand pipe.
The method for breeding a multi-space high dissolved oxygen apparatus based on freshwater shrimps will be described by the following examples.
Preparing four ponds, namely a pond 1, a pond 2, a pond 3 and a pond 4, and treating the ponds as follows: 1) setting the depth of the pond to be 1-1.5m, and setting the slope ratio of the pond ridge to be 1: 2.5, separating a water inlet and a water outlet; 2) draining water in the pond, and drying the pond until the bottom of the pond is dry, cracked and white; 3) filtering fresh water with double-layer bolting silk of more than 60 meshes, and injecting the filtered fresh water into the pond until the depth of the pond water reaches 50-80 cm; 4) applying organic fertilizer or biological fertilizer, and adding algae for fertilizing water, and keeping transparency at 20-30 cm.
Example 1
Step one, installing a multi-space high dissolved oxygen device in a No. 1 pond, and inserting artificial aquatic weeds into aquatic weed planting holes;
step two, stocking the egg-carrying shrimps;
in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, in sunny days when the water temperature reaches 27-28 ℃ between 5 months and 20 days and 6 months and 5 days, laying the egg-carrying shrimps slowly along the periphery of the pond; the stocking amount of the egg-carrying shrimps is 500 g/mu;
step three: culturing shrimp larvae;
step four, adult shrimp culture;
and (3) checking the yield of the shrimp seeds in the pond: the standard of the shrimp seeds is measured to reach more than 1.2cm on 5 days in the same year in 7 months, and the adult shrimp culture stage is started, wherein the feeding amount of the shrimp seeds reaches 0.6 kg/mu.
Example 2
Step one, installing a multi-space high dissolved oxygen device in a No. 2 pond, and inserting artificial aquatic weeds into aquatic weed planting holes;
step two, stocking the egg-carrying shrimps;
in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, in sunny days when the water temperature reaches 18-25 ℃ between 5 months and 10-5 months and 15 days, laying the egg-carrying shrimps slowly along the periphery of the pond; the stocking amount of the egg-carrying shrimps is 500 g/mu;
step three, shrimp fry cultivation;
step four, adult shrimp culture;
and (3) checking the yield of the shrimp seeds in the pond: measuring the shrimp larvae to reach the specification of more than 1.2cm in 7 months and 3 days in the same year, entering the adult shrimp culture stage, wherein the feeding amount of the shrimp larvae reaches 0.38 kg/mu, and the shrimp larvae are not supplemented;
example 3
The method comprises the following steps: installing a multi-space high dissolved oxygen device in the pond III, and inserting artificial aquatic weeds in the aquatic weed planting holes;
step two: stocking the egg-carrying shrimps;
in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, when the water temperature reaches 30-31 ℃ between 6 months and 15 days and 6 months and 20 days, the ovigerous shrimps are slowly put along the periphery of the pond; the stocking amount of the egg-carrying shrimps is 500 g/mu;
step three: culturing shrimp larvae;
step four: adult shrimp culture:
and (3) checking the yield of the shrimp seeds in the pond: measuring the shrimp larvae to reach the specification of more than 1.2cm on 6 days in the same year in 7 months, entering a shrimp-forming culture stage, wherein the feeding amount of the shrimp larvae reaches 0.35 kg/mu, and the shrimp larvae are not supplemented;
example 4
The method comprises the following steps: a multi-space high oxygen dissolving device is not arranged in the No. 4 pond;
step two: stocking the egg-carrying shrimps;
in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, in sunny days when the water temperature reaches 27-28 ℃ between 5 months and 20 days and 6 months and 5 days, laying the egg-carrying shrimps slowly along the periphery of the pond; the stocking amount of the egg-carrying shrimps is 500 g/mu;
step three: culturing shrimp larvae;
step four: adult shrimp culture: and (3) checking the yield of the shrimp seeds in the pond: the standard of the shrimp seeds is measured to reach more than 1.2cm in 7 months and 5 days in the same year, the adult shrimp culture stage is started, the feeding amount of the shrimp seeds reaches 0.3 kg/mu, and the shrimp seeds are not supplemented.
In the above embodiment:
in the second step, the selection standard of the egg-carrying shrimps is as follows: the body length is more than 4.5cm, the egg granules grow synchronously, and the egg granules are dark green.
Step three, shrimp fry cultivation: checking the water body by using a dip net, and when the picked transparent triangular shrimp seeds can cover 50-60% of the area of the dip net, indicating that the oviposition shrimps are completely ovulated, and entering a shrimp seed cultivation stage; the fertility of the water body is kept, enough algae and rotifers are guaranteed for shrimp seedlings to eat, and soybean milk is properly supplemented according to the water body fat and thin degree; feeding the young shrimp granules 18-20 days after the laying shrimps are put in, wherein the daily feeding amount accounts for 8-12% of the weight of the shrimps; after 28-30 days, shrimp seeds enter the rotary bottom ring section and are concentrated at the bottom of the pond and move on the crawling net, and special pellet feed for young shrimps is fed;
step four, adult shrimp culture:
1) when the shrimp seeds grow to be more than 1.2cm, the adult shrimp breeding stage is started, the special feed for the freshwater shrimps is fed, the oxygenation device is started regularly, and the water quality is adjusted regularly;
2) feeding the freshwater shrimps with the protein content of 40% after the freshwater shrimps grow, wherein the feeding time is 1 month, the feeding amount is 40 kg/mu, and the feeding amount is increased and decreased according to the ingestion condition of the freshwater shrimps. Then feeding the special feed for the freshwater shrimps with the protein content of 36 percent, wherein the feeding amount is unchanged;
3) feeding the freshwater shrimp special feed with the protein content of 40% in 9 months, wherein the feeding amount is unchanged, and the feeding time is 1 month. Supplementing vitamin C and microelements every month during the adult shrimp culture period;
4) when the feed is fed, the method for judging the feeding amount is as follows: the pond is patrolled every day, the four sides of the pond are copied by using a dip net to check whether the feed is left or not, the side with the left feed is detected, and no feed or little feed is fed in the next day;
5) the method for checking the yield of the shrimp seeds in the pond comprises the following steps: the yield of the shrimp seeds in the pond is checked according to the feeding amount of the shrimp seeds within 3 days to 6 days in 7 months every year; when the feeding amount of the shrimp seeds reaches 0.4-0.6 kg/mu and no residual bait is observed, the shrimp seeds can directly enter the adult shrimp culture stage, and when the feeding amount is less than 0.4 kg/mu, the shrimp seeds need to be supplemented appropriately, and in the embodiment 1-4, the contrast is carried out, and the shrimp seeds are not supplemented.
In the second step and the third step, the oxygenation device is started in time according to weather conditions, feeding conditions, pond water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen data; the specific operation is as follows:
in sultry weather, oxygenation is carried out from nine o' clock at night to the morning of the next day; oxygenation is carried out in the daytime of rainy days; in the high temperature period, oxygen is added for half an hour in the noon; the oxygen increasing device is closed two hours before feeding, the feeding condition of the freshwater shrimps is observed one hour after feeding, and the oxygen increasing device is opened again without residual bait.
Compared with the embodiment 4, the embodiment 1 has the advantages that after the multi-space high-dissolved oxygen device is arranged in the pond No. 1, the yield of the formed shrimps is 200 jin per mu, and the proportion of the large shrimps is 50-60%; the yield of the grown shrimps in the No. 4 pond is about 140 jin per mu, and the proportion of the large shrimps is 30-40%; the multi-space high-dissolved oxygen device provides more inhabitation space for the freshwater shrimps, the capacity of the pond is increased, the quantity of the freshwater shrimps is increased, and the problem of large oxygen demand of the freshwater shrimps is solved by the oxygen increasing device;
compared with the example 2, when the water temperature is too low when the oviferous shrimps are released and cultured in the pond No. 2, the acre yield of the formed shrimps is relatively low, about 130 jin, and the proportion of large shrimps is about 30%. Compared with the embodiment 3, in the pond 3, due to the influence of the water body temperature being 30 ℃ higher and the plum rain season in the middle ten days of 6 months when the egg-carrying shrimps are released, the survival rate of the shrimp seedlings is lower, the yield of the grown shrimps is about 110 jin per mu, and the proportion of the large shrimps is about 35%. Examples 1, 2 and 3 compare and show that the water temperature is too low and too high when the oviferous shrimps are put into stocking, and the yield of the oviferous shrimps is reduced in plum rain days.
As noted above, while the present invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it is not to be construed as limited thereto. Various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-space high dissolved oxygen device based on freshwater shrimps is characterized by comprising a plurality of culture units and an oxygenation device (1); the culture unit comprises a vertical pipe (2) and a plurality of freshwater shrimp crawling net structures (4) which are horizontally arranged; the freshwater shrimp crawling net structures (4) are arranged around the vertical pipe (2) in a staggered mode and connected with the vertical pipe (2), and the freshwater shrimp crawling net structures (4) are in spiral structures along the vertical pipe (2); a plurality of air outlet holes (3) are formed in the vertical pipe (2), and the density of the air outlet holes (3) at the lower part of the vertical pipe (2) is greater than that of the air outlet holes (3) at the upper part of the vertical pipe (2); the lower end of the vertical pipe (2) is inserted into the bottom of the pond, the lower part of the vertical pipe (2) is communicated with an oxygen outlet of the oxygenation device (1) through a connecting pipe (5), and a flow control valve is arranged on the oxygen outlet.
2. The multi-space high oxygen dissolving device based on the freshwater shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crawling net structure (4) of the freshwater shrimps comprises a crawling net (41), an upper annular fixing ring (42) and a lower annular fixing ring (43), the edge of the crawling net (41) is clamped between the upper annular fixing ring (42) and the lower annular fixing ring (43), and the upper annular fixing ring (42) and the lower annular fixing ring (43) are fixed through a plurality of first fixing pins; an annular fixing device is arranged on the outer side of the lower annular fixing ring (43), and a locking bolt is arranged on the annular fixing device; the annular fixing device of the freshwater shrimp crawling net structure (4) is arranged on the vertical pipe (2) in a penetrating mode, and the freshwater shrimp crawling net structure (4) is fixed to different height positions of the vertical pipe (2) through the locking bolts.
3. The shrimp-based multi-space high oxygen dissolving device according to claim 2, wherein a first support rod (44) is arranged below the crawling net (41), two ends of the first support rod (44) penetrate through the lower annular fixing ring (43) and extend out of the lower annular fixing ring (43), and two ends of the first support rod (44) are provided with blocking pieces; a second support rod (45) is arranged in the middle of the first support rod (44), and the first end of the second support rod (45) is rotatably connected with the first support rod (44); the second end of the second support rod (45) is connected with the vertical pipe (2) through a second fixing pin.
4. The shrimp-based multi-space high dissolved oxygen device as claimed in claim 3, wherein 3 shrimp crawling net structures (4) are arranged in the culture unit, the height between the adjacent shrimp crawling net structures (4) is 15-20cm, and the height of the vertical pipe (2) is 60-80 cm; the diameter of the culture unit is 1.4-1.6 m; the distance between two adjacent culture units is 3-5 m; the inner diameter of the upper annular fixing ring (42) is 70-80cm, the mesh diameter of the crawling net (41) is 1.5-2.5mm, and the crawling net is made of an knotless net.
5. The freshwater shrimp-based multi-space high oxygen dissolving device according to claim 3, wherein the riser (2) is a PVC pipe; the first supporting rod (44) and the second supporting rod (45) are made of PVC materials; the upper end and the lower end of the vertical pipe (2) are both closed ends.
6. The multi-space high dissolved oxygen device based on freshwater shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein the edge of the freshwater shrimp crawling net structure (4) is provided with a plurality of aquatic weed planting holes, and artificial aquatic weeds are inserted into the aquatic weed planting holes.
7. A breeding method of a multi-space high-dissolved-oxygen device based on freshwater shrimps is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, installation of a multi-space high dissolved oxygen device:
preparing a pond: selecting the depth of 1-1.5m and the slope ridge ratio of 1: 2.5, draining water in the pond in which water is fed and drained separately, and drying the pond until the bottom of the pond is dry, cracked and white; filtering fresh water with double-layer bolting silk of more than 60 meshes, and injecting the filtered fresh water into the pond until the depth of the pond water reaches 50-80 cm; applying organic fertilizer or biological fertilizer, and properly adding algae seeds according to the water source condition to fertilize water, and keeping the transparency at 20-30 cm;
installing an oxygenation device and a culture unit in the pond, and inserting artificial water plants in the edge of the freshwater shrimp crawling net structure;
step two, stocking the egg-carrying shrimps; egg-carrying shrimp selection standard: the body length is more than 4.5cm, the egg grains grow synchronously, the egg grains are dark green, the egg-carrying shrimps are slowly put along the periphery of the pond, and the stocking amount is 0.5 kg/mu;
step three, shrimp fry cultivation: when the oviposition shrimps are completely ovulated, the shrimp fry culturing stage can be realized; the fertility of the water body is kept, enough algae and rotifers are guaranteed for shrimp seedlings to eat, and soybean milk is properly supplemented according to the water body fat and thin degree; feeding the young shrimp granules 18-20 days after the laying shrimps are put in, wherein the daily feeding amount accounts for 8-12% of the weight of the shrimps; after 28-30 days after the laying shrimps are put in, the shrimp seedlings enter the rotary bottom ring section and are concentrated at the bottom of the pond and move on the crawling net, and special pellet feed for the young shrimps is fed;
step four, adult shrimp culture: when the shrimp seeds grow to be more than 1.2cm, the adult shrimp breeding stage is started, the special feed for the freshwater shrimps is fed, the oxygenation device is started regularly, and the water quality is adjusted regularly;
and in the second step to the third step, the oxygenation device is started in time according to the weather condition, the feeding condition, the water temperature of the pond, the pH value and the dissolved oxygen data.
8. The method for cultivating multi-space high dissolved oxygen devices based on freshwater shrimps as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the second step, the laying time of the ovigerous shrimps is in a sunny day when the temperature of the water body reaches 27-28 ℃ in 5-6-5 months per year.
9. The method for rearing a macrobrachium nipponensis-based multi-space high dissolved oxygen device according to claim 7, wherein the method for judging whether ovulation is complete in the third step is: the water body is checked by using the diddle net, and when the diddle-net area can be covered by the transparent and triangular shrimp seeds by 50-60 percent, the oviposition of the oviposition shrimp is completely ovulated.
10. The method for rearing a multi-space high dissolved oxygen device based on freshwater shrimps in claim 7,
in the second step to the third step, the specific operation of starting the oxygenation device according to the weather condition and the feeding condition is as follows: in sultry weather, oxygenation is carried out from nine o' clock at night to the morning of the next day; oxygenation is carried out in the daytime of rainy days; in the high temperature period, oxygen is added for half an hour in the noon; turning off the oxygen increasing device two hours before feeding, observing the feeding condition of the freshwater shrimps one hour after feeding, and turning on the oxygen increasing device again when no residual bait exists;
in the fourth step, the method for feeding adult shrimps comprises the following steps: feeding the freshwater shrimps with special feed with protein content of 40% after the freshwater shrimps grow, wherein the feeding time is 1 month, the feeding amount is 40 kg/mu, and the feeding amount is increased and decreased according to the ingestion condition of the freshwater shrimps; then feeding the special feed for the freshwater shrimps with the protein content of 36 percent, wherein the feeding amount is unchanged; feeding the freshwater shrimp special feed with the protein content of 40% in 9 months, wherein the feeding amount is unchanged, and the feeding time is 1 month; supplementing vitamin C and microelements every month during the adult shrimp culture period;
when adult shrimps are fed with the feed, the method for judging the feeding amount is as follows: the pond is patrolled every day, the four sides of the pond are copied by using a dip net to check whether the feed is left or not, the side with the left feed is detected, and no feed or little feed is fed in the next day;
in the fourth step, the method for checking the yield of the shrimp seeds in the pond comprises the following steps: the yield of the shrimp seeds in the pond is checked according to the feeding amount of the shrimp seeds within 3 days to 6 days in 7 months every year; when the feeding amount of the shrimp seeds reaches 0.4-0.6 kg/mu and no residual bait is observed, the shrimp seeds can directly enter the adult shrimp culture stage, and when the feeding amount is less than 0.4 kg/mu, the shrimp seeds need to be supplemented properly.
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