CN112586415A - Shrimp nest structure, freshwater shrimp breeding method and application - Google Patents
Shrimp nest structure, freshwater shrimp breeding method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN112586415A CN112586415A CN202011467815.2A CN202011467815A CN112586415A CN 112586415 A CN112586415 A CN 112586415A CN 202011467815 A CN202011467815 A CN 202011467815A CN 112586415 A CN112586415 A CN 112586415A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
- A01K61/65—Connecting or mooring devices therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly discloses a shrimp nest structure, a freshwater shrimp aquaculture method and application. According to the invention, the floating piece moves up and down along with the change of the water level, so that the telescopic assembly is driven to drive the plurality of nest platforms to move up and down along the axial lead direction of the floating piece, the distance between two adjacent nest platforms is adjusted, the size of the activity space for the growth of the shrimps cultured on the shrimp nest structure is changed, the problem that the yield of the shrimps in unit area is not high due to the small activity space for the growth of the shrimps in the existing freshwater shrimp culturing equipment is solved, and the device has a wide market prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a shrimp nest structure, a freshwater shrimp culture method and application.
Background
The freshwater shrimps are high-quality aquatic products with rich nutrition, are delicious in taste, simple to cook and convenient to eat, and are suitable for people of all ages. At present, the freshwater shrimps are cultured by directly placing the freshwater shrimps into a pond, the wild culture mode cannot ensure the artificial culture efficiency of the freshwater shrimps, and the unification of the specifications of the freshwater shrimps cannot be ensured. Some breeding modes are to breed the freshwater shrimps in the net cage, but the equipment and facilities are rough and lagged, and the growing activity space of the freshwater shrimps is insufficient.
Therefore, the existing freshwater shrimp culture technical scheme has the following defects in actual use: the existing freshwater shrimp culture equipment has small freshwater shrimp growth activity space, so that the problem of low yield of freshwater shrimps in unit area exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a shrimp nest structure to solve the problem that the existing freshwater shrimp breeding equipment in the background art is low in yield of freshwater shrimps per unit area.
The embodiment of the invention is realized in such a way that the shrimp nest structure comprises an installation base arranged in an aquaculture pond and a floating piece used for floating on the water surface, and the shrimp nest structure further comprises:
the plurality of nest platforms are sequentially arranged in a staggered manner from one end close to the floating piece to one end close to the mounting base along the axial lead direction of the floating piece, and are used for providing a moving space for the growth of the shrimps cultured on the shrimp nest structure; and
the flexible subassembly sets up the mounting base with between the float, and two adjacent nest platforms all connect through flexible subassembly, flexible subassembly orientation the one end of float with the float is connected through the rope for when the float that floats on the surface of water moves along with the water level change, drive flexible subassembly drive nest platform along the axial lead direction of float removes to adjust the distance between two adjacent nest platforms.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a freshwater shrimp breeding method is further provided, which adopts the above shrimp nest structure, and specifically includes the following steps: arranging a plurality of groups of shrimp nest structures at the bottom of the culture pond, planting aquatic weeds between two adjacent groups of shrimp nest structures after water is injected, fertilizing and culturing plankton when the aquatic weeds grow to 10-20 cm, and placing shrimp seedlings for culture; wherein the aquatic weeds at least comprise waterweed and hydrilla verticillata.
In another embodiment of the invention, the application of the freshwater shrimp culture method in scale breeding of aquatic products is further provided. The aquatic product may be crayfish, freshwater shrimp, grass shrimp, prawn, crab, etc.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the shrimp nest structure provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a mounting base arranged in an aquaculture pond, a floating piece used for floating on the water surface, and a plurality of nest platforms, wherein two adjacent nest platforms are connected through a telescopic assembly; according to the invention, the floating piece moves up and down along with the change of the water level, so that the telescopic assembly is driven to drive the plurality of nest platforms to move up and down along the axial lead direction of the floating piece, the distance between two adjacent nest platforms is adjusted, the size of the activity space for the growth of the shrimps cultured on the shrimp nest structure is changed, the problem that the yield of the shrimps in unit area is not high due to the small activity space for the growth of the shrimps in the existing freshwater shrimp culturing equipment is solved, and the device has a wide market prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a shrimp nest structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a cutting structure of a shrimp nest structure according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a nest platform in a shrimp nest structure according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure for installing shrimp nests in an aquaculture pond according to another embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1-a culture pond; 2-aquatic weeds; 3-shrimp nest structure; 4-mounting a base; 5-connecting pieces in series; 6-a first connector; 7-a second connector; 8-arched doors; 9-frame surface; 10-a connecting seat; 11-a float; 12-a fixation rod; 13-nest platform; 14-an inflation head; 15-a separator; 16-platform body.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention. In order to make the technical solution of the present invention clearer, process steps and device structures well known in the art are omitted here.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
Specific implementations of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a structure diagram of a shrimp nest structure 3 provided for an embodiment of the present invention, where the shrimp nest structure 3 includes a mounting base 4 disposed in an aquaculture pond 1 and a floating member 11 for floating on the water surface (the floating member 11 may specifically adopt an existing structure such as a floating cone, so long as it can float on the water surface and can move up and down by water level change, preferably, when the floating member 11 is a floating cone, the floating cone has an upward cone tip to play a role in resisting wind and waves so as to prevent the upward and downward waves from driving the shrimp nest structure 3 to move, and the floating cone plays a role in pulling up the shrimp nest structure 3), and the shrimp nest structure 3 further includes:
a plurality of nest platforms 13 which are sequentially arranged in a staggered manner from one end close to the floating piece 11 to one end close to the mounting base 4 along the axial lead direction of the floating piece 11, wherein the nest platforms 13 are used for providing a moving space for the growth of the shrimps cultured on the shrimp nest structure 3; and
the flexible subassembly sets up mounting base 4 with between the piece 11 floats, and two adjacent nest platforms 13 all connect through flexible subassembly, flexible subassembly orientation float the one end of piece 11 with float 11 and connect through the rope for when floating the piece 11 on the surface of water and moving along with the water level change, drive flexible subassembly drive nest platform 13 along the axial lead direction of floating the piece 11 removes to adjust the distance between two adjacent nest platforms 13.
In the embodiment of the invention, the floating part 11 floats on the water surface, the telescopic component and the plurality of nest platforms 13 are suspended by the rope connected with the lower end of the floating part 11 and float in the water, when the floating part 11 moves along with the change of the water level, the telescopic component is driven to drive the plurality of nest platforms 13 to move up and down along the axial lead direction of the floating part 11 so as to adjust the distance between two adjacent nest platforms 13, namely the plurality of nest platforms 13 are roundly folded in the vertical direction and can stretch or shrink along with the change of the water level of the aquaculture pond 1, so that the size of the moving space for the growth of the shrimps on the shrimp nest structure 3 is changed, and the problem that the yield of the shrimps in unit area is low due to the small moving space for the growth of the shrimps of the existing freshwater shrimp aquaculture equipment is solved.
In an example of the present invention, specifically, the mounting base 4 may be used as a nest bottom to be connected to a bottom of a aquaculture pond 1 for aquaculture of freshwater shrimps, crayfish and the like, so as to implement mounting and fixing of a plurality of groups of shrimp nest structures 3, a specific shape of the mounting base 4 may be one of a rectangle, a semicircle, a circle, a polygon and the like, and is not limited, but is preferably a rectangle, and of course, the above is only some preferred shapes, and the mounting base 4 may also be other shapes such as a U-shape and the like, and is set according to actual requirements, and is not limited herein.
Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the telescopic assembly includes a plurality of telescopic portions connected end to end in sequence, and the plurality of telescopic portions together form a foldable corrugated line structure, and the connection positions of two adjacent telescopic portions are both connected to one nest platform 13, so as to drive the corrugated line structure to stretch or contract through the movement of the floating member 11 along with the change of the water level, so as to drive the corresponding nest platform 13 to move, and further adjust the distance between two adjacent nest platforms 13.
Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the retractable portion includes a frame surface 9, and an arch 8 for passing the shrimps cultured on the shrimp nest structure 3 is opened on the frame surface 9.
In an example of the present invention, the arch 8 is a semi-enclosed shape, and the semi-enclosed shape is one or a combination of several of an arc shape, a multi-segment line shape, a U shape, a semi-circle shape, or an involute shape, and is not particularly limited, but a combination of a rectangle and a semi-circle shape is preferred.
Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shrimp nest structure 3 further includes an aeration head 14, and the aeration head 14 is located in the channel space formed by the plurality of arch doors 8 to perform oxygenation so as to make the water flow (in a micro-flow state) in the shrimp nest structure 3.
In the embodiment of the invention, the aeration head 14 is used as an aeration facility, that is, the aeration head 14 is connected with an external pump body (which can be an existing product and is not described herein), aeration is performed in an aeration mode, the aeration head 14 is used as a terminal, and the aeration head 14 is fixed at the upper end of the shrimp nest structure 3 by a rope according to the optimal aeration depth, so that the aeration depth is not influenced by the water level change of the aquaculture pond 1. The air charging head 14 is hung in a channel formed by a plurality of arch doors 8 at the upper part and the lower part in the shrimp nest. The aeration quantity is adjusted to make the water flow in the shrimp nest structure 3 in a microflow state.
Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a fixing rod 12 is disposed at the axial center of the floating member 11, and the fixing rod 12 sequentially passes through the floating member 11 and the telescopic assembly and is fixed at the bottom of the aquaculture pond 1, so as to limit the movement of the nest platforms 13 along the axial center line direction of the floating member 11 and prevent deviation, so as to adjust the distance between two adjacent nest platforms 13.
Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, starting from the first arch 8 close to the mounting base 4, the edge portion of the nth arch 8 is provided with a serial connection piece 5 (which may be a circular ring in particular), and the inner diameter of the serial connection piece 5 is larger than the outer diameter of the fixing rod 12, wherein n is an odd number, that is, the edge portions of the 1 st, 3 rd and 5 th … … th arches 8 are provided with serial connection pieces 5.
In one example of the present invention, the fixing rods 12 are used in cooperation with a plurality of connecting members 5, so that the nest platform 13 can be limited to move along the axial line direction of the floating members 11 without deviation.
Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a connecting seat 10 is further disposed on the nest platform 13 near one end of the floating member 11, and an opening (preferably a semicircular opening) is formed on the connecting seat 10.
As shown in fig. 3, further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nest platform 13 includes a platform main body 16 for connecting with the telescopic assembly, and the platform main body 16 is provided with a plurality of partitions 15 with different intervals.
In an example of the present invention, the specific shape of the platform main body 16 may be one of a rectangle, a semicircle, a circle, or a polygon, and is not limited specifically, but is preferably a semicircle (i.e. a half circular truncated cone), and of course, the above is only some preferred shapes, and the platform main body 16 may also be other shapes such as a trapezoid, and is set specifically according to actual requirements, and is not limited herein.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a freshwater shrimp breeding method, which adopts the shrimp nest structure 3, and is shown with reference to fig. 1 to 4, and the freshwater shrimp breeding method specifically includes the following steps: the bottom of the aquaculture pond 1 is provided with a plurality of groups of shrimp nest structures 3, water plants 2 are planted between two adjacent groups of shrimp nest structures 3 after water is injected, then, when the water plants 2 grow to 10-20 cm, fertilization culture is carried out on plankton, and shrimp seedlings are placed for aquaculture.
In one embodiment of the invention, the water temperature in the aquaculture pond 1 is 23-26 ℃, the water depth is not less than 1.5 m, and the waterweeds 2 at least comprise elodea nutans and hydrilla verticillata.
It should be noted that the key to the cultivation of freshwater shrimps is the aquatic plant cultivation at present, and as freshwater shrimps like to perch and eat on aquatic plants, the failure of aquatic plant cultivation generally means the failure of freshwater shrimp cultivation. The biomass and the coverage area of the aquatic weeds in the aquaculture pond 1 need to be maintained at a preferably moderate level. The water and grass are too little to achieve the purpose of purifying water quality, the freshwater shrimps can choose to inhabit the environment too little, if the freshwater shrimps live on the bottom mud for a long time, the bodies can be blackened, the freshwater shrimps grow slowly, and the survival rate is reduced; if the waterweeds are too dense, the freshwater shrimps are inconvenient to swim, the artificial oxygenation effect is poor or artificial oxygenation cannot be carried out, particularly, the phenomenon of severe oxygen deficiency can occur in rainy seasons or at night, and the phenomenon of mass death of the freshwater shrimps due to unknown reasons can occur. In the freshwater shrimp breeding method in the prior art, after aquatic weeds are planted, the freshwater shrimps grow fast, density thinning needs to be performed regularly in the breeding process, some freshwater shrimps are hidden in the aquatic weeds and can be taken out of the aquatic weeds undoubtedly, the unshelled freshwater shrimps are difficult to drop off and die due to human and mechanical influences, and besides manpower and material resources are increased, the breeding survival rate and the breeding yield are reduced. Because the water grass has limited requirements on the water depth, the maximum water level of the freshwater shrimp aquaculture pond is about one point and five meters. The water is too deep, the growth height of some pasture and water is limited, and can not keep level with the water level, and the actual activity range that leads to the freshwater shrimp is only in pasture and water height range, and not whole pond water level range, consequently, improve the water level and can not reach the purpose that increases the freshwater shrimp activity space, and unit area breed capacity is limited.
The freshwater shrimp culture method provided by the invention adopts the shrimp nest structure 3, so that the growth space of freshwater shrimps can be changed along with the change of the water level, and the distance between the plurality of nest platforms 13 which move up and down can be changed, thereby increasing the activity space of the freshwater shrimps, solving the defects that in the current freshwater shrimp pond culture process, aquatic weeds need to be cleaned regularly, the pond artificial oxygenation effect is poor and the culture capacity per unit area is limited, and the freshwater shrimp culture method provided by the invention can also be used as an aquatic weed control method, can effectively control the excessive growth of the aquatic weeds, prevent sudden oxygen deficiency, increase the growth activity space of the freshwater shrimps, and achieve the effects of reducing the culture risk and obviously improving the ratio of large-size commodity shrimps and the yield per unit area.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the method for cultivating freshwater shrimps specifically comprises the following steps:
one, shrimp nest set
And determining the coverage rate of the aquatic weeds according to the types of the planted aquatic weeds and the culture stocking mode. Through the number of the shrimp nest structures 3, the bottom of the shrimp nest structures 3 covers the bottom of the aquaculture pond 1 or is provided with an area fence, so that the coverage area of the aquatic plants 2 in the aquaculture pond 1 is controlled. The shrimp nest structures 3 can be uniformly placed in the pond in a single form, or the shrimp nest structures 3 are combined together to form a linear, circular, star-shaped and other combined body and then are uniformly placed in the pond.
Planting aquatic weeds
After the culture pond 1 is cleaned and disinfected, the shrimp nest structure 3 is arranged, the later seeds are planted with water to plant the aquatic weeds 2, the aquatic weeds 2 mainly plant the wide-temperature submerged plants, and can be planted singly or in a mixed mode according to a conventional cultivation method.
Three, shrimp nest structure 3
The shrimp nest structure 3 comprises fixed rods 12, floating pieces 11, a nest platform 13 and the like.
Fixing the rod 12: plays the role of fixing other parts and is provided with a floating part 11 and a nest platform 13 from top to bottom in sequence. The fixed rod 12 is vertically fixed in the aquaculture pond 1 (high pond), and the top end of the fixed rod is higher than the maximum water level.
Buoyant member 11 (i.e. a pontoon): the taper shape, the jackshaft has the shaft hole, and the internal diameter in shaft hole is greater than the external diameter of dead lever 12, and the cover floats on the surface of water on dead lever 12 to accessible water level change reciprocates, and the awl point upwards plays anti-wind unrestrained effect, so that the nest platform 13 below the wave band moves up and down. The floating cones act to pull up the nest platform 13.
A main body of the shrimp nest: the vertical direction is circuitous and folded, and the stretching or the reduction can be carried out along with the change of the water level of the aquaculture pond 1, so that a proper water layer and a sufficient activity space are provided for the growth and the peeling of the freshwater shrimps. The freshwater shrimps can move up and down and inhabit in the shrimp nest main body in a swimming or crawling mode. The shrimp nest main body comprises a nest top, a nest body and a nest bottom. The nest top (i.e. the connecting seat 10 and the nest platform 13 together form) is circular, a semicircular opening with concentric circles is arranged in the nest top, and the diameter edge of the opening is obliquely downwards connected with the arch door surface. The arched door surface is rectangular and comprises a frame surface 9 and an arched door 8. The arch door 8 is an arch door opened on the frame surface 9 and used as an opening door channel for the upper and lower movement of the freshwater shrimps, and the rest part is the frame surface 9 and used as a supporting surface for the upper and lower crawling of the freshwater shrimps. The nest body consists of a plurality of nest platforms 13 and an arched door surface, one side of the arched door surface opposite to the bottom of the arched door 8 is connected with one side of the arched door surface opposite to the top of the arched door 8 in a Z shape in sequence, and the nest platforms 13 are horizontally connected outwards at the connection part. The nest platform 13 is a semi-circular platform with dividers 15 (vertical partitions) of different spacing. The bottom of the nest is a mounting base 4 which is rectangular and is connected with the inclined side of one arch door 8 opposite to the bottom of the lowest arch door 8.
And fourthly, culturing the freshwater shrimps. According to the seasons and water temperature changes of different regions, different culture times are determined. After the shrimp nest structure 3 is arranged in the aquaculture pond 1, the pond is cleaned and disinfected, the aquatic weeds 2 are planted through water injection, the aquatic weeds 2 survive and then are fertilized to culture plankton, shrimp seedlings are placed when the plankton appears in large quantity, and artificial feed begins to be fed after a few days. Along with the growth of the freshwater shrimps and the waterweeds 2, water is periodically injected to submerge the waterweeds 2 until the maximum water depth is reached. During the period, the feed is fed according to the conventional method, and the granulated feed is mainly fed in the shrimp nest structure 3 and the nearby area. The oxygen increasing equipment is mainly opened at night and in rainy days, and the period of feeding the feed is prolonged to a period of time after feeding.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the shrimp nest structure 3 and the aquatic plant planting are manually arranged in the aquaculture pond, so that the aims of increasing the living space of the freshwater shrimps, improving the water level of the pond, increasing the quantity of water and grass in unit area and increasing the stocking amount are achieved, and the outlet specification and the yield in unit area of the commercial shrimps are improved.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for manufacturing and installing a shrimp nest structure 3 is also provided, as shown in fig. 2, including the following steps:
one) selects rectangular coiled materials, and is foldable elastic harder or hard plastic materials.
And II) making and cutting. According to the required area, selecting a rectangle with a certain length as a nest bottom, and then sequentially arranging a plurality of groups: the arch door face, the first connecting piece 6 (namely, the right connecting semicircle), the second connecting piece 7 (namely, the reverse connecting semicircle), the last right connecting semicircle is connected with a whole circle, and a semicircle opening is arranged in the rear half part of the whole circle. From the first arch surface, the centers of the bottom edges of the odd-numbered arches 8 are connected with a serial connection piece 5 (namely a circular ring), and the inner diameter of the serial connection piece is larger than the outer diameter of the fixed rod 12;
and thirdly), assembling. The adjacent forward connecting semi-circle and the reverse connecting semi-circle are folded and adhered to form a semi-circle, then the semi-circle arc repeatedly overlaps the arched door surface towards the two ends, and after the semi-circle arc is completely overlapped, all the circular rings share a central shaft to form the folded shrimp nest structure 3.
And IV) installing the shrimp nest. A fixed rod 12 is vertically inserted into the pond, a ring of a folded shrimp nest structure 3 is sleeved on the fixed rod 12, then a floating piece 11 (floating cone) is arranged on the fixed rod 12, the length of a rope connecting the floating piece 11 and a nest top is determined according to the extreme value of the water level in the culture period of the culture pond 1 and the maximum effective pulling length of the shrimp nest structure 3, and the shrimp nest structure 3 is ensured to be pulled to move on the top when the water level is at the lowest; when the water level is highest, the nest bottom is not completely pulled up, and the normal function of the shrimp nest structure 3 can be ensured.
Fifthly) oxygenation facilities. The aeration is carried out by adopting an aeration mode, the terminal is an aeration head 14, and the aeration head 14 is fixed on the top of the nest by a rope according to the optimal aeration depth, so that the aeration depth is not influenced by the water level change of the pond. The inflation head is hung into a channel formed by arch doors 8 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in the shrimp nest structure 3 through a semicircular opening at the top of the nest.
In order to specifically illustrate that the method can solve the problem that the existing freshwater shrimp culture equipment is low in yield of freshwater shrimps per unit area, the following specific embodiments of the freshwater shrimp culture method are provided:
example 1
Two ports of an existing 2.5 mu culture pond 1 are prepared to build a high-level pond for culturing freshwater shrimps, a single culture mode is adopted, shrimp seedlings bred in the early 5 months of a culture period of 6-10 months are cultured into large-size shrimp seeds for stocking, and the specific freshwater shrimp culture method comprises the following steps:
firstly, arranging a shrimp nest. In the beginning of 5 months, the aquaculture pond 1 is cleaned, the shrimp nest structures 3 are arranged after disinfection, the distances among the plurality of shrimp nest structures 3 are 0.5 m and are arranged in a straight line, a plurality of rows are formed, the total coverage area of the shrimp nest structures 3 at the bottom of the aquaculture pond 1 accounts for about 6% of the total coverage area of the aquaculture pond 1, the coverage area of a single shrimp nest structure 3 is about 0.45 square meter, 150 shrimp nest structures 3 are arranged in each aquaculture pond 1, 15 shrimp nest structures are arranged in each row, 10 rows are arranged in total, and the distances are 4 m.
And secondly, planting the aquatic weeds 2. After the shrimp nest structure 3 is set, water is injected for 20 cm, and wide-temperature aquatic weeds are planted after 1 week: the waterweed and hydrilla verticillata are mixed and planted in the space outside the shrimp nest structure 3 according to the conventional cultivation method.
Thirdly, a shrimp nest structure 3.
The shrimp nest structure 3 comprises fixed rods 12, floating pieces 11, a nest platform 13 and the like.
Fixing the rod 12: plays the role of fixing other parts and is provided with a floating part 11 and a nest platform 13 from top to bottom in sequence. The fixed rod 12 is vertically fixed in the aquaculture pond 1 (high pond), and the top end of the fixed rod is 20 cm higher than the maximum water level.
Buoyant member 11 (i.e. a pontoon): the taper shape, the jackshaft has the shaft hole, and the internal diameter in shaft hole is greater than the external diameter of dead lever 12, and the cover floats on the surface of water on dead lever 12 to accessible water level change reciprocates, and the awl point upwards plays anti-wind unrestrained effect, so that the nest platform 13 below the wave band moves up and down. The floating cones act to pull up the nest platform 13.
A main body of the shrimp nest: the vertical direction is circuitous and folded, and the stretching or the reduction can be carried out along with the change of the water level of the aquaculture pond 1, so that a proper water layer and a sufficient activity space are provided for the growth and the peeling of the freshwater shrimps. The freshwater shrimps can move up and down and inhabit in the shrimp nest main body in a swimming or crawling mode. The shrimp nest main body comprises a nest top, a nest body and a nest bottom. The nest top (i.e. the connecting seat 10 and the nest platform 13 together form) is circular, a semicircular opening with concentric circles is arranged in the nest top, and the diameter edge of the opening is obliquely downwards connected with the arch door surface. The arched door surface is rectangular and comprises a frame surface 9 and an arched door 8. The arch door 8 is an arch door opened on the frame surface 9 and used as an opening door channel for the upper and lower movement of the freshwater shrimps, and the rest part is the frame surface 9 and used as a supporting surface for the upper and lower crawling of the freshwater shrimps. The nest body consists of a plurality of nest platforms 13 and an arched door surface, one side of the arched door surface opposite to the bottom of the arched door 8 is connected with one side of the arched door surface opposite to the top of the arched door 8 in a Z shape in sequence, and the nest platforms 13 are horizontally connected outwards at the connection part. The nest platform 13 is a semi-circular platform with dividers 15 (vertical partitions) of different spacing. The bottom of the nest is a mounting base 4 which is rectangular and is connected with the inclined side of one arch door 8 opposite to the bottom of the lowest arch door 8.
And (3) oxygenation facilities: the aeration is carried out by adopting an aeration mode, the terminal is an aeration head 14, and the aeration head 14 is fixed on the top of the nest by a rope according to the optimal aeration depth, so that the aeration depth is not influenced by the water level change of the pond 1. The inflation head 14 is hung from a semicircular opening at the top of the shrimp nest structure 3 into a channel formed by the arch doors 8 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The water flow in the shrimp nest structure 3 is in a micro-flow state by adjusting the aeration quantity.
And fourthly, culturing the freshwater shrimps. At the bottom of 5 months, the waterweed grows to 20 cm, the hydrilla verticillata grows to about 10 cm, the water temperature is 23-25 ℃, water is added until the water depth is 30 cm, then the fertilizer is applied to culture plankton, when a large amount of plankton appears, shrimp seedlings are placed, large-size shrimp seeds bred at the beginning of 5 months are released in 10 days in 6 months, the average specification is 3 cm/tail, the releasing amount is 5 ten thousand tails/mu, the granulated feed is fed after 3 days, the granulated feed is mainly fed to a shrimp nest structure 3 and a nearby area, and water is periodically injected to submerge the waterweed 2 along with the growth of the freshwater shrimps and the waterweed 2 until the maximum water depth reaches 1.8 m. No aquatic weeds 2 are harvested during the cultivation. The oxygen increasing device (the output end is connected with the air charging head 14) is started at night and in rainy days, and the freshwater shrimps can be ensured to be gathered in the oxygen-rich and micro-flow water area in the shrimp nest 3 and nearby when the feeding is started and the feeding is stopped for 0.5 hour.
In the embodiment, the shrimps are caught by a ground cage during the national-day long holiday period of 10 months, and the average yield per mu is 140 kg, wherein more than 3.5 g of the shrimps is 110 kg, and the medium shrimps are 30 kg. Compared with the common culture method, the yield of the macrobrachium acreage is increased by 40 kilograms, the yield of the medium shrimps is increased by 10 kilograms, the survival rate is 90 percent, and the remarkable culture effect is obtained.
Example 2
Three ports of the existing 2.0 mu culture pond 1 are prepared to build a high-level pond for culturing freshwater shrimps, a fish and shrimp polyculture mode is adopted, shrimp seedlings bred in the early 5 months of a culture period of 6-10 months are cultured into large-size shrimp seeds for stocking, and the specific freshwater shrimp culture method comprises the following steps:
firstly, arranging a shrimp nest. In the beginning of 5 months, the aquaculture pond 1 is cleaned, the shrimp nest structures 3 are arranged after disinfection, a circle with the diameter of 10 meters is formed by the plurality of shrimp nest structures 3, two rows are arranged, 4 shrimp nest structures are arranged in each row at equal intervals, and the area enclosed by the shrimp nest structures 3 accounts for about 50% of the total area of the aquaculture pond 1.
And secondly, planting the aquatic weeds 2. After the shrimp nest structure 3 is set, water is injected for 20 cm, and wide-temperature aquatic weeds are planted after 1 week: the waterweed and the hydrilla verticillata are mixed and planted in and out of the circle surrounded by the shrimp nest structure 3 according to a conventional cultivation method. The periphery of the enclosed circle is provided with a fence net to ensure that the released fingerlings can not enter the inside of the circle.
Thirdly, a shrimp nest structure 3.
The shrimp nest structure 3 comprises fixed rods 12, floating pieces 11, a nest platform 13 and the like.
Fixing the rod 12: plays the role of fixing other parts and is provided with a floating part 11 and a nest platform 13 from top to bottom in sequence. The fixed rod 12 is vertically fixed in the aquaculture pond 1 (high pond), and the top end of the fixed rod is 20 cm higher than the maximum water level.
Buoyant member 11 (i.e. a pontoon): the taper shape, the jackshaft has the shaft hole, and the internal diameter in shaft hole is greater than the external diameter of dead lever 12, and the cover floats on the surface of water on dead lever 12 to accessible water level change reciprocates, and the awl point upwards plays anti-wind unrestrained effect, so that the nest platform 13 below the wave band moves up and down. The floating cones act to pull up the nest platform 13.
A main body of the shrimp nest: the vertical direction is circuitous and folded, and the stretching or the reduction can be carried out along with the change of the water level of the aquaculture pond 1, so that a proper water layer and a sufficient activity space are provided for the growth and the peeling of the freshwater shrimps. The freshwater shrimps can move up and down and inhabit in the shrimp nest main body in a swimming or crawling mode. The shrimp nest main body comprises a nest top, a nest body and a nest bottom. The nest top (i.e. the connecting seat 10 and the nest platform 13 together form) is circular, a semicircular opening with concentric circles is arranged in the nest top, and the diameter edge of the opening is obliquely downwards connected with the arch door surface. The arched door surface is rectangular and comprises a frame surface 9 and an arched door 8. The arch door 8 is an arch door opened on the frame surface 9 and used as an opening door channel for the upper and lower movement of the freshwater shrimps, and the rest part is the frame surface 9 and used as a supporting surface for the upper and lower crawling of the freshwater shrimps. The nest body consists of a plurality of nest platforms 13 and an arched door surface, one side of the arched door surface opposite to the bottom of the arched door 8 is connected with one side of the arched door surface opposite to the top of the arched door 8 in a Z shape in sequence, and the nest platforms 13 are horizontally connected outwards at the connection part. The nest platform 13 is a semi-circular platform with dividers 15 (vertical partitions) of different spacing. The bottom of the nest is a mounting base 4 which is rectangular and is connected with the inclined side of one arch door 8 opposite to the bottom of the lowest arch door 8.
And (3) oxygenation facilities: the aeration is carried out by adopting an aeration mode, the terminal is an aeration head 14, and the aeration head 14 is fixed on the top of the nest by a rope according to the optimal aeration depth, so that the aeration depth is not influenced by the water level change of the pond 1. The inflation head 14 is hung from a semicircular opening at the top of the shrimp nest structure 3 into a channel formed by the arch doors 8 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The water flow in the shrimp nest structure 3 is in a micro-flow state by adjusting the aeration quantity.
And fourthly, culturing the freshwater shrimps. At the bottom of 5 months, the elodea nuttallii grows to 20 cm, the hydrilla verticillata grows to about 10 cm, the water temperature is 24-26 ℃, water is added until the water depth is 30 cm, then the fertilizer is applied to culture plankton, when a large amount of plankton appears, shrimp seedlings are placed, large-scale shrimp seeds bred at the beginning of 5 months are released in 10 days in 6 months, the average specification is 3 cm/tail, and the releasing amount is 4 thousands of tails/mu; meanwhile, 40/mu of 100 g of megalobrama amblycephala, 50/mu of 250 g of silver carp and 30/mu of 300 g of bighead carp are released, and the effects of regulating and controlling water quality and feeding excessive breeding shrimp larvae are achieved. And feeding granulated feed after 3 days, mainly feeding the granulated feed in the shrimp nest structure 3 and the nearby area, and periodically adding water to submerge the aquatic weeds 2 along with the growth of the freshwater shrimps and the aquatic weeds 2 until the maximum water depth is 2.0 m. No aquatic weeds 2 are harvested during the cultivation. The oxygen increasing equipment is started at night and in rainy days, and the freshwater shrimps can be ensured to be gathered in the oxygen-rich and micro-flow water area in the shrimp nest 3 and in the period of 0.5 hour after the feeding of the feed is started and the feeding is stopped.
In the embodiment, the shrimps are caught by a ground cage during the national-day long holiday period of 10 months, and the average yield per mu is 130 kg, wherein the shrimp is 102 kg for more than 3.5 g, and the shrimp is 28 kg for middle shrimp. Compared with the common culture method, the yield of the macrobrachium acremodi is improved by 30 kilograms, the yield of the medium shrimps is improved by 8 kilograms, and the survival rate is 91.5 percent. In addition, 26 kilograms per mu of megalobrama amblycephala, 65 kilograms per mu of silver carp and 75 kilograms per mu of bighead carp achieve remarkable breeding effect.
The embodiment of the invention provides a shrimp nest structure 3, which comprises a mounting base 4 arranged in an aquaculture pond 1, floating pieces 11 used for floating on the water surface, and a plurality of nest platforms 13 used for providing a movable space for the growth of shrimps cultured on the shrimp nest structure 3, wherein the plurality of nest platforms 13 are arranged on the mounting base 4; the telescopic assembly is arranged between the mounting base 4 and the floating part 11, and two adjacent nest platforms 13 are connected through the telescopic assembly and used for driving the telescopic assembly to drive the nest platforms 13 to move along the axial lead direction of the floating part 11 when the floating part 11 floating on the water surface moves along with the change of the water level so as to adjust the distance between the two adjacent nest platforms 13; the freshwater shrimp breeding method is provided based on the freshwater shrimp nest structure 3, the floating piece 11 moves up and down along the change of the water level, the telescopic assemblies are further driven to drive the nest platforms 13 to move up and down along the direction of the axis line of the floating piece 11, the distance between every two adjacent nest platforms 13 is adjusted, the size of the moving space for the growth of the freshwater shrimps cultured on the freshwater shrimp nest structure 3 is further changed, and the problem that the yield of the freshwater shrimps per unit area is low due to the fact that the growing moving space of the freshwater shrimps of the existing freshwater shrimp breeding device is small is solved.
It needs to be further explained that the invention has the following beneficial effects: the aquatic weeds do not need to be dredged, and the workload and the labor intensity are reduced. Can keep high abundance of aquatic weeds and fresh water quality. The oxygenation effect is good, and the risk of oxygen deficiency and pond flooding in the culture process is greatly reduced. The utilization rate and the conversion rate of the feed are high. The shrimp nest is simple to manufacture and convenient to operate, so that the freshwater shrimps have a suitable enough growth space, and the yield and the specification of finished shrimps can be obviously improved. The electric appliances presented in the article can be connected with an external main controller and 220V mains supply, and the main controller can be a conventional known device controlled by a computer and the like.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a shrimp nest structure, is including setting up the mounting base in aquaculture pond and being used for floating the piece that floats on the surface of water, its characterized in that, shrimp nest structure still includes:
the plurality of nest platforms are sequentially arranged in a staggered manner from one end close to the floating piece to one end close to the mounting base along the axial lead direction of the floating piece, and are used for providing a moving space for the growth of the shrimps cultured on the shrimp nest structure; and
the flexible subassembly sets up the mounting base with between the float, and two adjacent nest platforms all connect through flexible subassembly, flexible subassembly orientation the one end of float with the float is connected through the rope for when the float that floats on the surface of water moves along with the water level change, drive flexible subassembly drive nest platform along the axial lead direction of float removes to adjust the distance between two adjacent nest platforms.
2. The shrimp nest structure of claim 1, wherein the telescopic assembly includes a plurality of telescopic parts connected end to end in sequence, and the plurality of telescopic parts together constitute a foldable corrugated line structure, and the connecting position of two adjacent telescopic parts is connected to a nest platform, so as to drive the corrugated line structure to stretch or contract through the movement of the floating member along with the change of water level, so as to drive the corresponding nest platform to move, thereby adjusting the distance between two adjacent nest platforms.
3. The shrimp nest structure of claim 2, wherein the telescoping portions comprise a frame surface with an arch opening for passage of the shrimps grown in the shrimp nest structure.
4. The shrimp nest structure of claim 3, further comprising an aeration head positioned within the passage space formed by the plurality of arches to provide aeration to flow water within the shrimp nest structure.
5. The shrimp nest structure of claim 1, wherein the floating members are provided with fixing rods at the axial centers, the fixing rods sequentially pass through the floating members and the telescopic assemblies and are fixed at the bottom of the aquaculture pond to limit the nest platforms to move along the axial center line of the floating members without deviation so as to adjust the distance between two adjacent nest platforms.
6. The shrimp nest structure of claim 5, wherein the edge portion of the nth arch is provided with a string, starting from the first arch near the mounting base, and the inner diameter of the string is greater than the outer diameter of the fixing rod, wherein n is an odd number.
7. The shrimp nest structure of claim 1, wherein a connecting seat is further provided on the nest platform near one end of the float, the connecting seat having an opening.
8. The shrimp nest structure of claim 1, wherein the nest platform includes a platform body for connection to a telescoping assembly, the platform body having a plurality of dividers disposed thereon at different intervals.
9. A method for cultivating freshwater shrimps, which is characterized in that the shrimp nest structure of any one of claims 1 to 8 is adopted, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the bottom of the aquaculture pond is provided with a plurality of groups of shrimp nest structures, water plants are planted between two adjacent groups of shrimp nest structures after water is injected, then, when the water plants grow to 10-20 cm, fertilization is carried out to culture plankton, and shrimp seedlings are placed for aquaculture.
10. The application of the freshwater shrimp culture method according to claim 9 in scale breeding of aquatic products.
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Application publication date: 20210402 Assignee: Nanjing Tadeng Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: FRESHWATER FISHERIES RESEARCH CENTER,CAFS Contract record no.: X2023980035250 Denomination of invention: A Shrimp Nest Structure, Green Shrimp Breeding Method, and Application Granted publication date: 20220304 License type: Common License Record date: 20230505 |