CN112088825A - Rice and shrimp co-farming breeding system, breeding method and application - Google Patents
Rice and shrimp co-farming breeding system, breeding method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN112088825A CN112088825A CN202010966944.XA CN202010966944A CN112088825A CN 112088825 A CN112088825 A CN 112088825A CN 202010966944 A CN202010966944 A CN 202010966944A CN 112088825 A CN112088825 A CN 112088825A
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- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
- A01K61/73—Artificial fishing banks or reefs assembled of components
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of crop and aquaculture, and particularly discloses a rice and shrimp co-farming cultivation system, a cultivation method and application, wherein the rice and shrimp co-farming cultivation system comprises a rice field and a cultivation pond, a plurality of roundabout ditches are uniformly arranged in the rice field at equal intervals, rice is planted outside the roundabout ditches, a plurality of shrimp nest assemblies are uniformly arranged in the cultivation pond to allow crayfishes to freely move, and the cultivation pond is communicated with the rice field through the roundabout ditches; according to the embodiment of the invention, the water flow circularly flows between the culture pond and the rice field through the roundabout ditch, so that the crayfish culture and the rice growth can be mutually promoted, the rice yield is increased, and the water quality guarantee is provided for the intensive culture of the crayfish; and the crayfish is bred and does not occupy basic paddy field, and the paddy field management and the crayfish breeding can be kept independent, so that the problem that most of the existing rice and shrimp comprehensive breeding modes occupy the paddy field area because the rice and shrimp are in one space is solved, and the market prospect is wide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crop and aquaculture, in particular to a rice and shrimp joint cropping system, a cropping method and application.
Background
At present, crayfish, as a freshwater economic shrimp, is usually cultivated in a paddy field. When crayfish is cultivated in the rice field, furrows are required to be dug in the rice field, the furrows are generally three to four meters wide and one meter deep, and the area of the furrows generally occupies one tenth to one fifth of the area of the rice field.
However, the above technical solutions have the following disadvantages in practical applications: when crayfish is cultivated in the rice field by ditching in the rice field, the planting area of the rice field is undoubtedly reduced; on the other hand, the shrimps are cultivated in the rice field by ditching, and the rice and the shrimps are in a space, so that inconvenience is brought to field management such as chemical fertilizer application, pesticide application, field sunning and the like and harvesting. Therefore, most of the existing comprehensive rice and shrimp breeding modes are used for breeding crayfishes after ditching in a rice field, and the rice and shrimp are in a space, so that the problem of occupying the area of the rice field exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a rice and shrimp co-culture breeding system to solve the problems that crayfishes are mostly bred after ditching in a rice field in the existing rice and shrimp comprehensive breeding mode in the background art, the rice and shrimp are in one space, and the rice field area is occupied.
The embodiment of the invention is realized in such a way that the rice and shrimp co-farming cultivation system comprises a rice field for planting rice and a cultivation pond for cultivating crayfish, and the rice and shrimp co-farming cultivation system further comprises:
the roundabout ditches are uniformly arranged in the rice field at equal intervals, are used as water flow channels and ventilation channels, and are used for planting rice outside; and
the crayfish nest assemblies are multiple in number and evenly arranged in the breeding pond, the crayfish nest assemblies are of a multilayer tower structure, so that a moving space for the crayfish to freely move is formed, the breeding pond is communicated with the rice field through the roundabout ditch, and water flow is made to circularly flow between the breeding pond and the rice field.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a cultivation method is further provided, wherein the above rice and shrimp co-culture cultivation system is adopted, and the cultivation method specifically includes the following steps: ditching a rice field to form a plurality of roundabout ditches, planting rice outside the roundabout ditches by adopting a close planting method of seeding or cuttage, arranging a culture pond outside the rice field, forming circulating flow of water flow between the culture pond and the rice field through the roundabout ditches, and installing a plurality of shrimp nest assemblies for culturing crayfish in the culture pond so as to breed the crayfish after rice seedlings grow out.
In another embodiment of the invention, the application of the culture method in the intensive culture of aquatic products is also provided. The aquatic product may be crayfish, freshwater shrimp, grass shrimp, prawn, and prawn.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the rice and shrimp co-farming cultivation system comprises a rice field for planting rice and a cultivation pond for cultivating crayfishes, wherein a plurality of roundabout ditches are uniformly arranged in the rice field at equal intervals and are used as a water flow channel and a ventilation channel, the rice is planted outside the roundabout ditches, a plurality of shrimp nest assemblies are uniformly arranged in the cultivation pond to form an activity space for the crayfishes to freely move, and the cultivation pond is communicated with the rice field through the roundabout ditches so as to enable water flow to circularly flow between the cultivation pond and the rice field; the roundabout ditch is adopted to enable water flow to generate circular flow between the culture pond and the rice field, so that the rice field and the culture pond can form a unified whole, the crayfish culture and the rice growth can be mutually promoted, chemical fertilizers, pesticides and crayfish feeds are saved, the rice yield is increased, and continuous water quality guarantee is provided for intensive crayfish culture; and the crayfish is bred in the breeding pond, does not occupy a basic rice field, is convenient to throw and manage, is convenient to observe and catch, can keep independence between rice field management and crayfish breeding, does not generate negative influence, solves the problems that most of the existing rice and shrimp comprehensive breeding modes breed the crayfish after ditching in the rice field, the rice and shrimp are in a space, the problem of occupying the area of the rice field exists, and has wide market prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a culture pond in a rice and shrimp co-farming culture system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a shrimp nest assembly in a rice and shrimp co-culture system according to another embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an arc nest unit in a rice and shrimp co-culture cultivation system according to another embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a ditch pushing device in a rice and shrimp co-farming cultivation system according to another embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1-a pusher; 2-a cylinder body; 3, layering; 4-spheroids; 5-equatorial wheel; 6-a culture pond; 7-a shrimp nest component; 8-a first layer of single arc nest group; 9-a second layer of single arc nest group; 10-a third layer of single arc nest group; 11-arc nest unit; 12-a cambered surface body; 13-opening; 14-straight side; 15-frame body; 16-activity space.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention. In order to make the technical solution of the present invention clearer, process steps and device structures well known in the art are omitted here.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
Specific implementations of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a structure of a culture pond 6 in a rice and shrimp co-farming culture system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a rice field (not shown) for planting rice and a culture pond 6 for culturing crayfish, and the rice and shrimp co-farming culture system further includes:
a plurality of roundabout ditches (not shown in the figure) are uniformly arranged in the rice field at equal intervals, the roundabout ditches are used as a water flow (culture water) flow channel and a ventilation channel, and the outer sides of the roundabout ditches are used for planting rice; and
the shrimp nest assemblies 7 are uniformly arranged in the culture pond 6, the shrimp nest assemblies 7 are of a multi-layer tower structure to form a movable space 16 (shown in fig. 2) for the crayfish to freely move, and the culture pond 6 is communicated with the paddy field through the circuitous ditch so as to enable water flow to circularly flow between the culture pond 6 and the paddy field.
In the embodiment of the invention, the roundabout ditch is used as a water flow channel and a ventilation channel, so that water flow can generate circular flow between the culture pond 6 and the rice field through the roundabout ditch, and meanwhile, the roundabout ditch is used as a ventilation channel to ventilate rice seedlings, so that the rice field and the culture pond 6 form a unified whole, the crayfish culture and the rice growth can be mutually promoted, chemical fertilizer, pesticide and lobster feed are saved, the rice yield is increased, and continuous water quality guarantee is provided for the intensive culture of lobsters; and moreover, the crayfish does not occupy a basic rice field, the crayfish is cultured in the culture pond 6 in the sunlight room, feeding and management are convenient, observation and fishing are convenient, and rice field management and crayfish culture can be kept independent and do not generate negative influence.
In an embodiment of the invention, the rice and shrimp co-farming cultivation system provided by the invention can be used for cultivating crayfishes intensively in the cultivation pond 6 by planting rice in the rice field, and the cultivation water circulates in the rice field and the cultivation pond 6, so that on one hand, nutrient elements are brought to the rice field, and on the other hand, food is brought to the crayfishes by cultivating aquatic animals in the rice field, and the purposes of yield increase, high efficiency and saving are achieved.
Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the rice and shrimp co-farming cultivation system, a plurality of circuitous ditches may be connected in series to form a communication structure, so that water flows are circulated between the cultivation pond 6 and the rice field by using water level drops and/or water pumps between different rice fields.
In the embodiment of the invention, the shrimp culture effect between the rice fields is achieved by circulating the culture water in the rice fields and the culture ponds, and the rice is planted in the rice fields by adopting a close planting method of seeding, so that the total seeding amount is not less than the normal seeding amount.
Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water outlet end of the circuitous trench is communicated with the culture pond 6 through a mounted pipe, and the water outlet end of the culture pond 6 is communicated with the water inlet end of the circuitous trench through a pipe.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the paddy field is communicated with the culture pond 6 through a pipeline, the water level fall of the paddy field and a water pump enable the culture water to circulate in the paddy field and the culture pond 6, generally, the culture pond 6 is at the lowest position, a water inlet pipe of the culture pond 6 is connected with the tail end of the roundabout ditch, the water flowing out of the culture pond 6 is conveyed to the starting end of the roundabout ditch, namely the highest paddy field, through the water pump and the pipeline, so as to generate circulation, in the circulation process, the water flow needs to be increased along with the growth of the crayfish at the later stage of culture, and the water depth of the filled paddy field reaches the maximum water.
Further, as shown in fig. 2 to 3, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shrimp nest assembly 7 includes:
the first layer of single arc nest group 8, the second layer of single arc nest group 9 and the third layer of single arc nest group 10 are arranged in sequence, and the first layer of single arc nest group 8, the second layer of single arc nest group 9 and the third layer of single arc nest group 10 are all formed by a plurality of arc nest units 11;
a plurality of moving spaces 16 are formed between the first layer of single-arc nest group 8 and the second layer of single-arc nest group 9 and between the second layer of single-arc nest group 9 and the third layer of single-arc nest group 10, so that the crayfish can move in any one of the first layer of single-arc nest group 8, the second layer of single-arc nest group 9 and the third layer of single-arc nest group 10.
In the embodiment of the invention, a multilayer structure can be formed by sequentially arranging the first layer of single-arc nest group 8, the second layer of single-arc nest group 9 and the third layer of single-arc nest group 10 from bottom to top, so that crayfishes can freely move and pass through different nest layers, the light on the upper part of the crayfish nest assembly 7 is more (because the crayfishes are in a sunlight room), and the light is darker towards the bottom, so that the crayfishes can live on the lower layer in the daytime and mainly on the middle-upper layer at night, and a selectable proper ecological environment can be created; moreover, when the crayfishes are peeled, a wide and smooth environment can be selected, the crayfishes are arranged at the upper layer in the daytime and at the bottom layer at night, the situation that the crayfishes are in the same environment as other crayfishes is avoided, casualties caused by peeling are avoided, further more living spaces can be provided through the crayfish nest assembly 7, and the stocking amount of a unit area is increased.
In an example of the present invention, it should be noted that the shrimp nest assembly 7 is a three-layer tower structure including at least a first layer of single arc nest group 8, a second layer of single arc nest group 9, and a third layer of single arc nest group 10, and of course, more layers may be provided as needed, that is, a plurality of arc nest units 11 are built on the third layer of single arc nest group 10 to form a similar structure, which is selected according to needs, and this is not limited here.
Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the arc nest unit 11 includes an arc main body 12 with an arc long structure, a plurality of semicircular openings 13 are disposed at equal intervals on a straight side of the arc main body 12, and a straight edge 14 is disposed between two adjacent openings 13.
In an example of the present invention, since the plurality of semicircular openings 13 are disposed at equal intervals on the linear side of the arc main body 12, and the straight edge 14 is disposed between two adjacent openings 13, when the arc main body 12 of the arc nest unit 11 bends upwards and two linear sides buckle downwards, a layer of single arc nest group is formed, and crayfish can enter and exit the layer of single arc nest group from the entrance and exit of the arc side at two ends of the arc main body 12 and the semicircular openings 13.
In another example of the invention, when crayfish rises from the bottom floor, the crayfish can enter the second layer single arc nest group 9 from the arc surfaces of the arc nest units 11 of the first layer single arc nest group 8 and the semicircular openings 13 of the second layer single arc nest group 9, the straight edges 14 of the second layer single arc nest group 9 are buckled on the openings 13 of the first layer single arc nest group 8 and a certain position is reserved as a part of a crayfish passage, so that the crayfish can enter the openings 13 of the second layer single arc nest group 9, and the third layer single arc nest group 10 is built to form the tower-type crayfish nest assembly 7 according to the building method of the first layer single arc nest group 8 and the second layer single arc nest group 9.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, the lobsters are intensively cultivated by the cultivation apparatus constituted by the cultivation pond 6, the shrimp nest assembly 7, etc., the cultivation apparatus and facilities are built in the sunshine house, the flat end ground is near the paddy field, and the water circulation with the paddy field is realized by the pipeline and the water pump. Breed 6 settings in the pond in sunshine room, breed 6 interior shrimp nest subassembly 7 that have in the pond, be multilayer structure, the shrimp can free activity and pass through different nest layers, and shrimp nest subassembly 7 upper portion light is more, and more darker to bottom light, lower floor in the lobster life of being convenient for daytime, and the suitable ecological environment of selective is built at upper and middle layer at night mainly. When peeled, the shrimps can select a wider environment at the upper layer in the daytime and at the bottom layer at night, so that the shrimps are prevented from being consistent with the environment of other shrimps, and casualties caused by peeling are avoided. In addition, the shrimp nest assembly 7 provides living space per unit area, and increases stocking amount per unit area.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rice and shrimp co-farming cultivation system further includes a ditch pushing device for forming a circuitous ditch in the rice field, the ditch pushing device includes a frame body 15 and a cylinder body 2 sleeved on the frame body 15, the cylinder body 2 can rotate around an axial line of the cylinder body 2, and a plurality of pressing bars 3 are disposed on an outer side of the cylinder body 2 to press the rice field to form the circuitous ditch when the cylinder body 2 rotates.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the cross-sectional shape of the bead 3 may be an inverted triangle, a rectangle, a trapezoid, a semicircle, etc., and the specific shape is selected according to the requirement, which is not limited herein.
In an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the cross section of the batten 3 is in the shape of an inverted triangle, and an inverted triangle pressing ditch can be formed when rolling in the paddy field, so as to conduct the circuitous ditch and the water flow of the paddy field planting area. The shrimp culturing and modifying cost in the rice field is higher, the appearance of the rice field is greatly changed, particularly, ditching cannot be performed in small rice fields or long and narrow rice fields, the shrimp culturing and modifying cost is not applicable to rice fields in mountainous areas and hilly lands, and the limitation is larger.
Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ditch pushing device further comprises a pushing member 1 arranged on the frame body 15, a spheroid 4 is arranged in the middle of the outer side of the cylinder body 2, and an equatorial wheel 5 is arranged in the middle of the spheroid 4.
In one embodiment of the invention, the pushing member 1 is pushed or pulled manually or by a motor, so as to drive the cylinder 2 to rotate around the axial lead of the cylinder 2, so as to press the rice field to form a circuitous ditch through the pressing strip 3 when the cylinder 2 rotates, and simultaneously, the equatorial wheel 5 is used for cutting into the mud in the rice field when the cylinder 2 rolls, so as to conveniently control the advancing direction, so that the formed wheel can guide water, specifically, the ditch pushing device is a spherical cylinder structure (namely the cylinder 2 and the spherical body 4) with a spherical middle part and cylindrical left and right parts, the diameter of the cylinder 2 is smaller than that of the spherical body 4, the two ends of the cylinder 2 are provided with a central shaft, the two fork ends of the pushing member 1 (specifically, a long handle can be adopted) are provided with rings which are sleeved on the central shaft, the ball body can be rotated by pushing the long handle, the pressing strips 3 are uniformly distributed around the surface of the cylinder 2 in the axial direction, the cross section, the formed pressing ditch is used for conducting water flow between the circuitous ditch and the planting area, the middle part of the spherical body 4 is provided with a thin equatorial wheel 5, when the spherical cylinder rolls, the equatorial wheel 5 cuts into the field mud to conveniently control the advancing direction, and the formed wheel can guide water frequently.
An embodiment of the invention further provides a cultivation method, which adopts the rice and shrimp co-culture cultivation system, and the cultivation method specifically comprises the following steps: ditching the paddy field (can use push away the ditch ware, also can adopt current other means to realize, and here is not repeated) forms a plurality of circuitous ditches, adopts the close planting method of seeding or cuttage to plant rice outside the circuitous ditches, set up in the paddy field outside breed pond 6 (specifically lie in the sunshine room on the near plain end ground of paddy field, the sunshine room can adopt prior art to realize, for example can adopt glass and metal frame to build and form the unconventional building of whole civilization, so as to reach and enjoy sunshine, close nature's purpose), breed pond 6 with through the circulative flow of circuitous ditch formation rivers between the paddy field, install a plurality of shrimp nest subassemblies 7 that are used for breeding the crayfish in the breed pond 6 to breed the crayfish after the rice seedling grows out.
In one example of the invention, the water temperature is 15-30 ℃ during the crayfish breeding.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, when production operation is carried out, a pipeline is arranged at the water outlet end of the roundabout ditch and communicated with the culture pond 6, a pipeline at the water outlet end of the culture pond 6 is communicated with the water inlet end of the roundabout ditch, and power is provided by a water pump. After rice is sowed, seedlings grow out, then crayfish seedlings are stocked, the crayfish nest assemblies 7 are arranged in the culture pond 6 before stocking, and the number and the spacing of the crayfish nest assemblies 7 are determined according to the area size and stocking density of the culture pond 6. Feeding crayfish according to conventional method. When the rice is fertilized, insecticide-sprayed and sun-dried, the other set of rice field circuitous ditch is adopted to change water for the culture pond 6, and staggered fertilization, insecticide-spraying and sun-drying are carried out through two sets of different circuitous ditch field systems. The fermented organic fertilizer for rice field fertilization is disinfected and sterilized after exposure to the sun, and is uniformly scattered in a rice planting area after being crushed, so that the fertilizer is applied, plankton and small aquatic animals are cultivated, and the organic fertilizer is brought into the culture pond 6 through water flow to become crayfish day bait.
In an embodiment of the invention, the rice and shrimp co-farming cultivation system belongs to a comprehensive utilization technology of rice field planting and crayfish cultivation, particularly rice can be planted in a rice field, crayfish is intensively cultivated in a cultivation pond 6, cultivation water circulates in the rice field and the cultivation pond 6, on one hand, nutrient elements are brought to the rice field, on the other hand, food is brought to the crayfish by cultivating aquatic animals in the rice field, the purposes of increasing yield, improving efficiency and saving are achieved, further, the defects that in the existing comprehensive cultivation mode and process of the rice field, the crayfish cultivation occupies the area of the rice field, the crayfish and rice are difficult to manage integrally, the construction cost is high, the crayfish and rice are large in size and only suitable for a large-block rice field can be overcome, and the rice field planting and the intensive equipment cultivation are combined, so that the rice field planting and the crayfish cultivation are suitable for the.
The following are several specific setting and operation examples of the rice and shrimp co-culture cultivation system of the invention:
in one embodiment of the invention, 60 mu of gentle slope rice terrace is available, water source natural irrigation is guaranteed, but the field shape is long and narrow, culture ditches cannot be excavated, and the shrimp culture in the rice field is difficult to develop. The rice and shrimp co-culture system is adopted for operation, and specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, rice field treatment: leveling a rice field before transplanting rice, when field mud can be pressed to form a ditch, using a ditch pushing device (the ditch pushing device is a spherical barrel structure (namely a barrel 2 and a spheroid 4) with a spherical middle part and a cylindrical left part and a cylindrical right part), wherein the diameter of the barrel 2 is smaller than that of the spheroid 4, two ends of the barrel 2 are provided with a central shaft, two fork ends of a pushing piece 1 (specifically a long handle can be adopted) are provided with rings which are sleeved on the central shaft, the long handle can be pushed to enable the spherical barrel to rotate, pressing strips 3 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the surface of the barrel 2 in the axial direction, the cross sections of the pressing strips 3 are inverted triangles, the formed pressing ditch is used for conducting water flow of a circuitous ditch and a planting area, the middle part of the spheroid 4 is provided with a thin equatorial wheel 5, when the spherical barrel rolls, the equatorial wheel 5 is cut into the field mud to conveniently control the advancing direction, the formed wheel can guide water) to be pushed into the circuitous ditch in the rice field, the same rice field. The circuitous ditch is used for the main channel of rivers and the seedling ventilation passageway, plants the rice outside the circuitous ditch, adopts the close planting method of seeding, makes the total seeding rate not less than normal seeding rate, according to the normal seeding of conventional 10 jin/mu volume in the past. 15 pieces of long and narrow rice fields with different sizes are divided into a left part area and a right part area from high to low, each area is about 30 mu, and roundabout ditches of the rice fields with different sizes from high to low in the respective areas can be connected in series from head to tail. The breeding water is circulated in the rice field and the breeding equipment through the water level fall of the rice field and the water pump. The farming equipment is at the lowest, and the inlet tube of farming equipment links to each other with circuitous ditch end, and the water that the farming equipment flows passes through water pump and the circuitous ditch initiating terminal of pipe transmission, the highest that paddy field promptly to produce the circulation, in the circulatory process, along with the growing up of crayfish in the later stage of breeding, need increase discharge, the filling paddy field depth of water reaches maximum water level this moment. When the pesticide is applied and the field is sunned, the left area and the right area are alternately operated, and the water flow exchange with the culture equipment is simultaneously performed in the left area and the right area under the common condition. By planting rice in the rice field, the lobsters are intensively cultured in the culture equipment, and the culture water circulates in the rice field and the culture equipment, so that the effect of indirectly culturing the lobsters in the rice field is achieved.
II, intensively culturing crayfishes: the crayfish is generally bred in the rice field by digging a 10% area rice field into a deeper ditch for breeding the crayfish, the crayfish is bred by the crayfish nest assembly 7, and the breeding density is improved by more than 3 times by using the crayfish nest assembly 7. Present 60 mu paddy fields need 2 mu effective breed ponds 6 in coordination, breed pond 6 and establish in the sunshine room, and the comparatively flat end that is nearer apart from the paddy field is opened on ground, through pipeline and water pump realization and the paddy field between the hydrologic cycle. The breeding pond 6 is internally provided with a shrimp nest assembly 7, crayfishes can move freely and pass through different nest layers, a selectable appropriate ecological environment is created, a living space of a unit area is provided, the stocking amount of the unit area is increased, and the breeding amount of the crayfishes is about 3 times that of a fine-breeding shrimp pond. The crayfish nest assembly 7 is of a multi-layer tower type structure, when crayfish ascends from the bottom layer, crayfish can enter the second layer single arc nest assembly 9 from the arc surfaces of the arc nest units 11 of the first layer single arc nest assembly 8 and the semicircular openings 13 of the second layer single arc nest assembly 9, the straight edges 14 of the second layer single arc nest assembly 9 are buckled on the openings 13 of the first layer single arc nest assembly 8, a certain position is reserved as a part of a crayfish channel, so that the crayfish can conveniently enter the openings 13 of the second layer single arc nest assembly 9, and the tower type crayfish nest assembly 7 formed by the third layer single arc nest assembly 10 is built according to the building method of the first layer single arc nest assembly 8 and the second layer single arc nest assembly 9.
Thirdly, production operation: the water outlet end of the circuitous channel is provided with a pipeline which is communicated with the culture pond 6, the water outlet end of the culture pond 6 is provided with a pipeline which is communicated with the water inlet end of the circuitous channel, and power is provided by a water pump. And 5, after the rice is sowed in the early 5 months, after the seedlings grow out, stocking the crayfish seedlings, arranging a shrimp nest component 7 in a breeding pond 7 before stocking, stocking about 5.0 g of crayfish seeds in the breeding pond 6 per square meter by 0.3 kg, and setting the effective area (the total area of the ground and the upward cambered surface) of the thrown shrimp nest component 7 to be 3.5 times of the area of the breeding pond 6. Feeding the lobsters according to a conventional method after the lobster seeds are put in, wherein the feeding is carried out according to 2 percent of the weight of the lobsters every day when the water temperature is about 15 ℃; when the water temperature is 28 ℃, the bait feeding amount can be about 5 percent of the body weight every day, the feed feeding is carried out in the morning and at the evening, and at the moment, the lobsters are mainly on the upper layer of the shrimp nest assembly 7, so that the feeding is convenient. Ensures that the water in the 6 ponds of the culture pond can be replaced once a day. When the rice is fertilized, insecticide-sprayed and sun-dried, the other set of rice field circuitous ditch is adopted to change water for the culture pond 6, and two sets of field systems with different circuitous ditches are fertilized, insecticide-sprayed and sun-dried at different time intervals. The fermented organic fertilizer for the rice field fertilization is disinfected and sterilized after being exposed, and is uniformly scattered in a planting area after being crushed, so that the fertilizer is applied, plankton and small aquatic animals are cultivated, and the lobster is taken into a culture pond through water flow to become natural and bait for the lobsters. The fertilizer is applied by a small amount of multiple times, the fertilizer is applied once every 30 days before the rice is spilt, the fertilizer is applied to the left area and the right area in turn, and the water can be injected into the rice for breeding water circulation after one week of fertilizer application or pesticide spraying.
During the crayfish cultivation period, the water temperature is 26-30 ℃ on average, after 2 months of cultivation to the beginning of 7 months, the crayfish is cultivated to 24 g/tail on average, the survival rate is 89%, the yield per square meter is 1.30 kg, and the average yield per mu is 870 kg. After the fish are caught, the culture pond 6 is cleaned, and the culture equipment facilities are disinfected to prepare for the second round of culture. The crayfish is bred to the bottom of 9 months according to the same stocking and breeding method, the crayfish is caught, the average crayfish volume is 26 g/tail, the survival rate is 85 percent, the yield per square meter is 1.33 kg, and the average yield per mu is 880 kg. The average yield per mu of crayfish in the year is 1750 kg. The rice is harvested in 11 months, the average yield per mu of the rice is 750 kilograms, and is 40 kilograms more than that of a single rice field which is not used in a culture area. During the period, no chemical fertilizer is used, and the using amount of pesticide is reduced by 80%.
In another embodiment of the invention, 70 mu of gentle slope rice terrace is provided, water source natural irrigation is guaranteed, but the field shape is long and narrow, culture ditches cannot be dug, and the shrimp culture in the rice field is difficult to develop. The rice and shrimp co-culture system is adopted for operation, and specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, rice field treatment: leveling a rice field before transplanting rice, when field mud can be pressed to form a ditch, using a ditch pushing device (the ditch pushing device is a spherical barrel structure (namely a barrel 2 and a spheroid 4) with a spherical middle part and a cylindrical left part and a cylindrical right part), wherein the diameter of the barrel 2 is smaller than that of the spheroid 4, two ends of the barrel 2 are provided with a central shaft, two fork ends of a pushing piece 1 (specifically a long handle can be adopted) are provided with rings which are sleeved on the central shaft, the long handle can be pushed to enable the spherical barrel to rotate, pressing strips 3 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the surface of the barrel 2 in the axial direction, the cross sections of the pressing strips 3 are inverted triangles, the formed pressing ditch is used for conducting water flow of a circuitous ditch and a planting area, the middle part of the spheroid 4 is provided with a thin equatorial wheel 5, when the spherical barrel rolls, the equatorial wheel 5 is cut into the field mud to conveniently control the advancing direction, the formed wheel can guide water) to be pushed into the circuitous ditch in the rice field, the same rice field. The circuitous ditch is used for a main water flow channel and a seedling ventilation channel, rice is planted outside the circuitous ditch, a rice transplanting method is adopted, the circuitous ditch is densely transplanted, the total amount of the rice seedlings is the same as the amount of the rice seedlings in normal years, 12 long and narrow rice fields with different sizes are totally divided into a left part area and a right part area from high to low, about 35 mu of each area, and the circuitous ditches of different fields from high to low in the respective areas can be connected in series end to end. The breeding water is circulated in the rice field and the breeding equipment through the water level fall of the rice field and the water pump. The farming equipment is at the lowest, and the inlet tube of farming equipment links to each other with circuitous ditch end, and the water that the farming equipment flows passes through water pump and the circuitous ditch initiating terminal of pipe transmission, the highest that paddy field promptly to produce the circulation, in the circulatory process, along with the growing up of crayfish in the later stage of breeding, need increase discharge, the filling paddy field depth of water reaches maximum water level this moment. When the pesticide is applied and the field is sunned, the left area and the right area are alternately operated, and the water flow exchange with the culture equipment is simultaneously performed in the left area and the right area under the common condition. By planting rice in the rice field, the lobsters are intensively cultured in the culture equipment, and the culture water circulates in the rice field and the culture equipment, so that the effect of indirectly culturing the lobsters in the rice field is achieved.
II, intensively culturing crayfishes: according to the crayfish breeding device, the crayfish nest assembly 7 is adopted for breeding crayfish, an existing 70 mu rice field needs to be matched with 2 mu effective breeding ponds 6, the breeding ponds 6 are built in sunlight rooms, the relatively flat ends close to the rice field are wide in the ground, and water circulation between the breeding ponds and the rice field is achieved through pipelines and water pumps. The breeding pond 6 is internally provided with a shrimp nest assembly 7, crayfishes can move freely and pass through different nest layers, a selectable appropriate ecological environment is created, a living space of a unit area is provided, the stocking amount of the unit area is increased, and the breeding amount of the crayfishes is about 3 times that of a fine-breeding shrimp pond. The crayfish nest assembly 7 is of a multi-layer tower type structure, when crayfish ascends from the bottom layer, crayfish can enter the second layer single arc nest assembly 9 from the arc surfaces of the arc nest units 11 of the first layer single arc nest assembly 8 and the semicircular openings 13 of the second layer single arc nest assembly 9, the straight edges 14 of the second layer single arc nest assembly 9 are buckled on the openings 13 of the first layer single arc nest assembly 8, a certain position is reserved as a part of a crayfish channel, so that the crayfish can conveniently enter the openings 13 of the second layer single arc nest assembly 9, and the tower type crayfish nest assembly 7 formed by the third layer single arc nest assembly 10 is built according to the building method of the first layer single arc nest assembly 8 and the second layer single arc nest assembly 9.
Thirdly, production operation: the water outlet end of the circuitous channel is provided with a pipeline which is communicated with the culture pond 6, the water outlet end of the culture pond 6 is provided with a pipeline which is communicated with the water inlet end of the circuitous channel, and power is provided by a water pump. And 5, after the rice is sowed in the early 5 months, after the seedlings grow out, stocking the crayfish seedlings, arranging a shrimp nest component 7 in a breeding pond 7 before stocking, stocking about 5.0 g of crayfish seeds in the breeding pond 6 per square meter by 0.3 kg, and setting the effective area (the total area of the ground and the upward cambered surface) of the thrown shrimp nest component 7 to be 3.5 times of the area of the breeding pond 6. Feeding the lobsters according to a conventional method after the lobster seeds are put in, wherein the feeding is carried out according to 2 percent of the weight of the lobsters every day when the water temperature is about 15 ℃; when the water temperature is 28 ℃, the bait feeding amount can be about 5 percent of the body weight every day, the feed feeding is carried out in the morning and at the evening, and at the moment, the lobsters are mainly on the upper layer of the shrimp nest assembly 7, so that the feeding is convenient. Ensures that the water in the 6 ponds of the culture pond can be replaced once a day. When the rice is fertilized, insecticide-sprayed and sun-dried, the other set of rice field circuitous ditch is adopted to change water for the culture pond 6, and two sets of field systems with different circuitous ditches are fertilized, insecticide-sprayed and sun-dried at different time intervals. The fermented organic fertilizer for the rice field fertilization is disinfected and sterilized after being exposed, and is uniformly scattered in a planting area after being crushed, so that the fertilizer is applied, plankton and small aquatic animals are cultivated, and the lobster is taken into a culture pond through water flow to become natural and bait for the lobsters. The fertilizer is applied by a small amount of multiple times, the fertilizer is applied once every 30 days before the rice is spilt, the fertilizer is applied to the left area and the right area in turn, and the water can be injected into the rice for breeding water circulation after one week of fertilizer application or pesticide spraying.
During the crayfish breeding period, the water temperature is 25-30 ℃ on average, after 2 months of breeding to the beginning of 7 months, the crayfish is bred to 24 g/tail on average, the survival rate is 88%, the yield per square meter is 1.30 kg, and the average yield per mu is 880 kg. After the fish is caught, the culture pond is cleaned, and the culture equipment facilities are disinfected to prepare for the second round of culture. The crayfish is bred to the bottom of 9 months according to the same stocking and breeding method, the crayfish is caught, the average crayfish volume is 25 g/tail, the survival rate is 88 percent, the yield per square meter is 1.32 kg, and the average yield per mu is 880 kg. Average crayfish yield per mu in the year is 1760 kg. The rice is harvested in 11 months, the average yield per mu of 60 mu is 760 kg, and 50 kg is more than that of the rice field which is not used in a culture area. During the period, no chemical fertilizer is used, and the using amount of pesticide is reduced by 80%.
The embodiment of the invention provides a rice and shrimp co-farming breeding system, which comprises a rice field for planting rice and a breeding pond 6 for breeding crayfishes, wherein a plurality of roundabout ditches are uniformly arranged in the rice field at equal intervals and are used as a water flow channel and a ventilation channel, the rice is planted outside the roundabout ditches, a plurality of shrimp nest assemblies 7 are uniformly arranged in the breeding pond 6, the shrimp nest assemblies 7 are of a multilayer tower structure to form a movable space 16 for the crayfishes to freely move, and the breeding pond 6 is communicated with the rice field through the roundabout ditches to enable water flow to circularly flow between the breeding pond 6 and the rice field; the rice and shrimp co-farming breeding system provides a breeding method, the roundabout ditch is used as a water flow channel and a ventilation channel, so that water can flow between the breeding pond 6 and the rice field in a circulating mode through the roundabout ditch, and rice seedlings are ventilated through the roundabout ditch serving as the ventilation channel, so that the rice field and the breeding pond 6 can form a unified whole, the breeding of crayfishes and the growth of rice can be promoted mutually, chemical fertilizers, pesticides and lobster feed are saved, the yield of the rice is increased, and continuous water quality guarantee is provided for intensive breeding of the lobsters; moreover, the crayfish does not occupy the basic paddy field, and the crayfish is bred in the breeding pond 6 in the sunshine room, and it is convenient to throw and feed and manage, is convenient for observe and catch, and paddy field management and crayfish breeding can keep independent, do not produce negative effects each other, have solved current rice shrimp and have synthesized the mode of breeding most and breed the crayfish after ditching in the paddy field, and the rice shrimp is in a space, has the problem of occupying the paddy field area.
It should be noted that the invention does not occupy the basic paddy field, the crayfish is cultivated in the cultivation pond 6 in the sunlight house, the feeding and the management are convenient, the observation and the fishing are convenient, the management of the paddy field and the cultivation of the crayfish can be kept independent, and no negative influence is generated. Moreover, the crayfish breeding and the rice growth can be mutually promoted, chemical fertilizers, pesticides and lobster feed are saved, the rice yield is increased, and continuous water quality guarantee is provided for the crayfish intensive breeding.
The electric appliances presented in the article can be connected with an external main controller and 220V mains supply, and the main controller can be a conventional known device controlled by a computer and the like.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A rice and shrimp co-farming cultivation system, which comprises a rice field for planting rice and a cultivation pond for cultivating crayfish, and is characterized by further comprising:
the roundabout ditches are uniformly arranged in the rice field at equal intervals, are used as water flow channels and ventilation channels, and are used for planting rice outside; and
the crayfish nest assemblies are multiple in number and evenly arranged in the breeding pond, the crayfish nest assemblies are of a multilayer tower structure, so that a moving space for the crayfish to freely move is formed, the breeding pond is communicated with the rice field through the roundabout ditch, and water flow is made to circularly flow between the breeding pond and the rice field.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of circuitous ditches are connected in series to form a communication structure in the system, so that water flows can circulate between the cultivation pond and the paddy field by using water level difference between different paddy fields and/or a water pump.
3. The rice and shrimp co-farming cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein the water outlet end of the circuitous channel is communicated with the cultivation pond, and the water outlet end of the cultivation pond is communicated with the water inlet end of the circuitous channel.
4. The rice and shrimp co-farming cultivation system of claim 1, wherein the shrimp nest assembly comprises:
the first layer of single arc nest group, the second layer of single arc nest group and the third layer of single arc nest group are arranged in sequence, and the first layer of single arc nest group, the second layer of single arc nest group and the third layer of single arc nest group are all composed of a plurality of arc nest units;
a plurality of activity spaces are formed between the first layer of single-arc nest group and the second layer of single-arc nest group and between the second layer of single-arc nest group and the third layer of single-arc nest group, so that the crayfish can move in any one of the first layer of single-arc nest group, the second layer of single-arc nest group and the third layer of single-arc nest group.
5. The rice and shrimp co-farming cultivation system according to claim 4, wherein the arc nest unit comprises an arc main body with an arc-shaped long strip structure, a plurality of semicircular openings are arranged on the straight side edge of the arc main body at equal intervals, and a straight edge is arranged between every two adjacent openings.
6. The rice and shrimp co-culture cultivation system according to claim 1, further comprising a ditch pushing device for forming a circuitous ditch in the rice field, wherein the ditch pushing device comprises a frame body and a cylinder body sleeved on the frame body, the cylinder body can rotate around an axial lead of the cylinder body, and a plurality of pressing bars are arranged on the outer side of the cylinder body so as to press the ditch of the rice field to form the circuitous ditch when the cylinder body rotates.
7. The rice and shrimp co-farming cultivation system according to claim 6, wherein the furrow opener further comprises a pushing member arranged on the frame body, a spheroid is arranged in the middle of the outer side of the cylinder body, and an equatorial wheel is arranged in the middle of the spheroid.
8. A culture method, which is characterized in that the rice and shrimp co-culture system according to any one of claims 1-7 is adopted, and the culture method specifically comprises the following steps: ditching a rice field to form a plurality of roundabout ditches, planting rice outside the roundabout ditches by adopting a close planting method of seeding or cuttage, arranging a culture pond outside the rice field, forming circulating flow of water flow between the culture pond and the rice field through the roundabout ditches, and installing a plurality of shrimp nest assemblies for culturing crayfish in the culture pond so as to breed the crayfish after rice seedlings grow out.
9. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the water temperature is 15-30 ℃ during the cultivation of crayfish.
10. Use of a method according to any one of claims 8 to 9 for intensive cultivation of aquatic products.
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