CN1134638C - 变量生产气态压力产品的方法和装置 - Google Patents

变量生产气态压力产品的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1134638C
CN1134638C CNB961956992A CN96195699A CN1134638C CN 1134638 C CN1134638 C CN 1134638C CN B961956992 A CNB961956992 A CN B961956992A CN 96195699 A CN96195699 A CN 96195699A CN 1134638 C CN1134638 C CN 1134638C
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霍斯特·科尔迪昂
霍斯特·阿尔特迈尔
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Abstract

为进行低温空气分离将输入空气通入一个精馏系统(14,15)中,由精馏系统可提取一种液态馏分(31,32)并通入第一存储罐(33)中缓存,液态馏分(34)的可变的量的压力被提高(35),液态馏分(36)在提高的压力下通过间接热交换(12)被汽化并且作为气态压力产品(37)被获取。在具有循环过程压缩机(41,42)的制冷回路中循环着一种热载体。在循环过程压缩机(41,42)中被压缩的热载体(44)的第一分流(45),为使液态馏分(36)汽化,被通入间接热交换器(12)中并且在其中至少部分被液化,在循环过程压缩机(41,42)中被压缩的热载体的(44)的第二分流(59)做功膨胀。液化的热载体(45,48)被缓存于第二存储罐(49)中。

Description

变量生产气态压力产品的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及通过低温空气分离借助于液态下提高压力并随后蒸发、变量生产气态产品的方法和装置。
背景技术
将空气分离器的液态产品置于压力下并随后蒸发的方法常被称为“内压缩”(Innenverdichtung)。这种方法用于获取处于压力下的定量气体早已公知(例如DE-D-752439),并且与气态产品压缩相比具有更小的设备费用的优点。
同样公知的是带有至少两个存储罐的“交变存储方法”,在这种方法中,可以大气压下获取空气的变量并且尽管如此,精馏的稳定运行是可能的(例如参见W.Rohde,林德科技报告,54/1984,18至20页)。
出版物DE-B-1056633,EP-A-422974,EP-A-524785及EP-A-556861描述了将内压缩与交变存储组合的方法,不仅待蒸发的液态产品而且在液化的热载体(空气或氮)的蒸发中在存储罐中被缓存(Puffern)。在液态产品的蒸发中对于热载体的变化的需要量问题在DE-B-1056633中被这样解决,即不是蒸发所需的热载体部分做功膨胀(arbeitsleistend entspannt)并且被排出。人们后来不用这种方法,而是代之以压缩变量的热载体(EP-A-422974,EP-A-524785和EP-A-556861)。在第一种情况下,净化的气体被未使用地丢弃,而在第二种情况下,压缩机通过量出现很大的相对变化。两种设备仅可以各自的运行方式被操纵。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种方法和装置,它可以尽可能柔性地被运行并且尤其是避免上述的缺点。
按照本发明,提出了一种通过低温空气分离变量生产气态压力产品的方法,其中,将输入空气通入精馏系统,其中,来自精馏系统的液态馏分在第一存储罐中缓存,将液态馏分的压力提高,并且在提高的压力下通过间接热交换将可变量的液态馏分汽化并且获得气态压力产品,此外,将热载体通入具有循环过程压缩机的制冷回路,在循环过程压缩机中压缩的热载体的第一分流通入间接热交换器中以使液态馏分汽化,其中第一分流至少部分被液化,在循环过程压缩机中压缩的热载体的第二分流做功膨胀,并且液化的热载体被缓存在第二存储罐中,其中,热载体的另一流体做功膨胀。
按照本发明,还提出了一种通过低温空气分离变量生产气态压力产品的装置,带有一个精馏系统,输入空气管路通入该精馏系统,带有用于由精馏系统取出液态馏分并通入一个第一存储罐的液体管路,带有用以提高液态馏分压力的装置,带有用以在提高的压力下汽化液态馏分的热交换器,带有用于提取汽化的液态馏分作为气态压力产品的产品管路,带有具有循环过程压缩机的制冷回路,带有第一分流管路,它由循环过程压缩机连接到用于液态馏分汽化的热交换器,带有第二分流管路,它由循环过程压缩机连接到制冷发动机,以及带有用于缓存液化的热载体的第二存储罐,其中,具有第三分流管路,它由循环过程压缩机通到另一个制冷发动机。
这种待气态获取的压力产品以液态形式由精馏塔或精馏塔之一蒸馏出,并且被缓存在第一存储罐中。按照目前的生产低于平均的或超过平均的产品量,罐中的液体高度升高或降低。例如,在精馏中产生的一些液态馏分可输入到罐中,这些液态馏分暂不能被蒸发或者不能被用于其它目的(例如作为液态产品);相应地,在高的产品需求中,液体由罐中输出以进行蒸发。也可以将全部液态馏分通入罐中并且每次取出实际所需的量并进行蒸发。这里,每个用于液体存储的装置被理解为“存储罐”。其中,涉及到例如隔离的外部的罐,但也涉及其它类型的容器,这种容器装在低温空分设备之内并且适合于液体的缓存。
为了提高液态下的压力可应用各种已知的方法,例如在存储罐中的压力建立蒸发(Druckaufbauverdampfen),利用静压头,存储罐的逆流泵或顺流泵,或者这些方法的组合。液态馏分主要通过罐的顺流安装的泵提高压力,这个泵的通过量可被控制,以便控制产品量的变化。
此外,按照本发明的方法还具有带有一个循环过程压缩机及一个制冷发动机的制冷回路。在其中,一个热载体特别是空气分离的过程气体被压缩,做功膨胀并且又返回通入循环过程压缩机。通过这个循环回路制冷以用于平衡绝热、及交换损失,并且如需要,用于产品液化。
循环过程压缩机同时用于热载体的压缩,热载体相逆于待汽化的产品凝结并在第二存储罐中缓存(热载体的第一分注)。压缩机将热载体压缩到与冷凝点相应的压力,该冷凝点至少大约等于液态压力馏分的汽化点。在循环过程压缩机中压缩的热载体的至少一部分,特别是在做功膨胀后的第二分流或它的一部分,被回输入循环过程压缩机中。在循环过程压缩机中压缩的热载体的第二分流不需要或不需要完全被排放,而是至少部分地输入回路。制冷回路和可变的产品汽化在本发明中被集合在一起;同一发动机不仅用于制冷而且也用于产生液体馏分的汽化所需的压力。
当然在本发明中,第一分流也相应于变化的产品量而变化。但这种变化在此可用不同的方法实现并且柔性地与各个实际的需要相适应。
在第一种运行方式下,在提高气态压力产品的需要量时,在循环过程压缩机中压缩的热载体的量保持恒定。第一分流的变化通过热载体的第二分流相应的变化来补偿。在产量的升高/降低时,第二分流的量减少/升高相同的量,第一分流的量升高/减少相同的量。(这里“量”是指单位时间的克分子量,例如可表示为Nm3/h)。这样,循环过程压缩机可按其设计能力恒定地运行,不需与产品量相关地控制。在第二分流中液化的热载体的增加的量暂时存储在第二罐中;在第二分流中增加的气体量可通过由循环回路相应地抽取气体(例如作为产品)来均衡;相反,在低于平均的生产中,由循环回路抽取相应更少的气体量。
另外做为选择,设备可以第二种运行方式运行。其中,第二分流的通过量保持相同,而第一分流的变化由循环过程压缩机追踪。在气态压力产品的需求量增加时,第二分流的量保持恒定,并且,在循环过程压缩机中压缩的热载体的量同第一分流一样提高一个相同的量。尽管如此,在按照本发明的方法中,在这种运行方式下压缩机通过量的相对变化比较而言也是很小的,因为循环量可以保持恒定。在循环过程压缩机中压缩的气体的不变部分使压缩机通过量的相对振幅减小。
两种运行方式也可以被结合在一起,即第一分流的变化一部分通过第二分流的变化、另一部分通过循环过程压缩机的通过量的变化来补偿。在气态压力产品的需求量增加时,不仅在循环过程压缩机中压缩的热载体的量被提高,而且第二分流的量也被减少。
按照需要可以在这些运行方式之间交替进行,例如为了补偿由罐中抽取的液态产品或者在一定的时间内提供增量的液态产品。按照第二分流的量在其做功膨胀时造成不同量的制冷。
在按照本发明的方法中,在各种情况下,输入精馏塔或由精馏塔输出的所有流体保持恒定。在产品量上变化对精馏塔没有影响。尤其是在各种运行情况下可获得不变的高纯度及生产率。
如果精馏系统具有一个由高压塔和低压塔组成的双重塔,那么低压塔液池的液态氧或高压塔的液态氮可被用作液态馏分。
在一个合适的实施形式中,热载体的另外的流体做功膨胀。由此,一方面可在循环回路中产生附加的制冷,另一方面给出了与目前需求的制冷能力准确匹配的进一步可能性,它与循环过程压缩机及第二分流的调节无关。
特别是在气态压力产品的需求量增加时,用于做功膨胀的该另外的流体的量可被减少,并且由此至少部分地补偿冷量的过剩。该另外的流体的做功膨胀大约由在循环过程压缩机的入口压力(低于制冷回路的水平)进行到大约大气压下,并且该做功膨胀的另外流体被作为无压力的气体产品被抽去。由此补偿在循环回路中循环的气体量的变化。例如,特别是在第一种运行方式(循环压缩机的通过量恒定),第二分流的量的减少可通过做功膨胀的该另外的流体的量相应的减少来平衡。在第二种运行方式(在第二分流的做功膨胀中通过量恒定),例如循环过程压缩机的通过量的增加可通过做为另外流体排出循环回路的气体量的减少补偿。
原则上每种在本方法中可使用的过程流体可被作为热载体用于制冷回路及液态馏分的汽化,例如空气或一种另外的氧-氮混合物。然而最好使用来自精馏系统的氮作为热载体,例如在一个双重塔情况下在高压塔顶部析出的气态氮。一般情况下设备中的所有循环氮是自产的。然而热载体的部分量可附加地来自于外部,例如由一个另外的设备输入液氮或由一个罐车输入第二存储罐。
如果氮作为产品被获取,这样第二存储罐除了对于可变的压力产品获取具有缓存作用,而且对于设备的一时的亏缺也可被用做安全储备(支持),并且/或被用于液态产品的缓存。
此外,应用氮作为热载体具有优点,即制冷回路和压力产品汽化对于精馏没有负作用,如同在相逆压力产品液化的空气的输入(Zuspeisung)以及在气态空气由透平式制冷发动机向低压塔的输入时的情况。在按照本发明的方法中,使用氮作为热载体可使精馏最佳地运行。本方法也适用于高的产品纯度及产量,如同适用于狭义上空分后紧接着的氩的获取(例如,未加工的氩气塔与双塔中的低压塔相连)。
若精馏系统的输入空气在一个主热交换器系统中被冷却,它是有利的,液态馏分的蒸发也在主热交换器系统中在提高的压力下进行。通过这种热交换过程的集合可保持小的交换损耗。
它可被这样实现,即这个主热交换系统具有一个热交换器体,不仅输入空气的冷却而且在提高的压力下液态馏分的汽化也在该热交换器体中进行。
然而,设备上更简单的结构是,主热交换器系统具有多个热交换器,尤其是具有一个第一和一个第二热交换器体,其中,在第一热交换中进行输入空气的冷却,而在第二热交换器体中在提高的压力下进行液态馏分的汽化。在这种情况下有利的是,两个热交换器体通过一个均衡流体连接起来,该流体由两个热交换器体中的热端与冷端之间的一个热交换器体取出,通入两个热交换器体中的热端与冷端中间的另一个热交换器体。
附图说明
以下根据林德-VARIPOX-方法(可变的氧的内增压)及相应的设备的实施例对本发明及其细节做进一步的描述,这种方法和设备在附图中简略描述。
具体实施方式
被压缩和净化的输入空气10在5至10巴的压力下,最好是在5.5至6.5巴下在热交换器11中被冷却,热交换器11与热交换器12构成了主热交换器系统。通过管路13将空气在露点温度下通入高压塔14中。高压塔属于精馏系统,精馏系统还具有低压塔15。低压塔在1.3至2巴压力下,最好是1.5至1.7巴压力下运行。高压塔14与低压塔15通过一个主冷凝器16热联接进来。
高压塔14的液池液体17在逆流换热器18中逆于低压塔产品流再冷却并输入(由管路19)低压塔15中。高压塔14顶部的气态氮20在主冷凝器16中相逆于低压塔15底部液池(Sumpf)中蒸发的液体被液化。冷凝液21一部分回流到高压塔14中(管路22),而另一部分23通过再冷却18后通入(管路24)到分离器25。低压塔15由分离器25供给循环液体(管路26)。
低压氮27和非纯净氮28由低压塔15排出后在热交换器18和11中大约加热到环境温度。非纯净氮可被用于未描述的分子筛的还原(Regenerierung),分子筛用于空气净化;低压氮29或者作为产品被排出,或者应用在蒸发冷凝器中用于冷却水的冷凝。
氧作为液态馏分经管路31由低压塔15的液池排出,再冷却(18)并且通入(管路32)一个液氧罐33中(第一存储罐)。液氧罐33最好大概处于大气压下。液氧34由第一存储罐33出来借助于泵35按所需的产品压力加压到例如5至80巴。(当然也有其它方法可用于液相压力升高,例如通过利用液体静压势能或通过存储罐内压力建立蒸发)。液态高压氧36在热交换器12中汽化并且作为内压缩的气态产品37排出。
来自高压塔14的不输入到主冷却器16的气态氮的一部分经管路38,39及40通过热交换器11排出并且作为热载体通入一个制冷循环回路,此制冷循环回路此外还包括一个两级的循环压缩机41,42及一个透平式制冷发动机43。氮在循环压缩机41,42中由大约高压级压力(Druckstufendruck)压缩到与氮的冷凝点相应的压力,而这个氮的冷凝点至少大约等于液态高压氧36的蒸发温度。这个压力按照氧的预定的输出压力达到例如15至60巴。
高度压缩氮44的第一分流45相逆于蒸发的氧36至少部分地、最好完全或基本上完全液化并输入到分离器46中。
在循环压缩机中压缩的氮的第二分流59在高压下并在热交换器12的热端与冷端之间的温度下通入透平式制冷发动机43,并在那里做功膨胀到大约为高压塔的压力。减压的第二分流的一部分通过热交换器12(经管路61,62),另一部分通过热交换器11(经管路63,64,39,40)返回通入循环过程压缩机41,42。
来自分离器46的液态氮可经管路47作为回流通入高压塔14并且/或者经管路48通入第二存储罐(液氮罐49),它置于压力例如1至5巴下,最好大概在大气压下。此外如需要,可将分离器25中多余的不需回流输入低压塔15的液体50输入到罐中。如需要,可通过泵51将液氮压入分离器47中(管路52)。
来自管路39的氮53部分可在中间温度下由热交换器11取出。这个氮53一部分做为均衡流体54,通过均衡流体的辅助可改善主热交换器系统11、12的效率,另一部分做为热载体的另一流体55,它在第二透平式制冷发动机56内做功膨胀略高于大气压的压力。做功膨胀的流体57在热交换器12中大致加热到环境温度,并且作为气态产品58从设备排出。
液氧和/或液氮可作为产品由存储罐33,49中排出(相应的管路在图中未标出)。
在按照本发明的方法中,交变存储对精馏没有负面影响,尤其是既没有向精馏中通入液态空气,也没有直接将低压空气通入低压塔中。由此,本方法很好地适于特别是要求高的分离工作如氩的获取。对此,可在低压塔15的中间位置66连接一个通常的氩精馏,如图中那个部位所画管路所示。对此,最好应用在EP-B-377117或者在欧州专利申请95101844.9或95101845.6中所描述的方法和装置之一。
在实施例中,循环过程压缩机的第一级41也被用做产品压缩机(Produktverdichter),在第一级和第二级之间在压力最好为8至35巴,例如20巴下获取产品流体65。
下面对按照本发明的方法和装置的两个基本运行方式进行描述。设备是为一定的中间量的压缩氧产品而设计的。生产可围绕此中间值在一个最小值和一个最大值之间变动。为了解释这种变化是如何实现的,以下面的数字为例介绍设备的两种极端运行情况(“最大”,“最小”)以及介绍设备的平均的压缩氧生产(“中间”)的运行情况,此设备处理190000Nm3/n的输入空气。在此压力为
    高压塔14                              5.1巴
    低压塔15                              1.3巴
    压力氧37                              26巴
    循环过程压缩机的输入                  4.8巴
    循环过程压缩机的输出                  42巴
    循环过程压缩机的输入                  4.8巴
    液氧罐33                              1.1巴
    液氮罐                                1.1巴
表1涉及一种运行方式,在此运行方式下透平式制冷发动机对于第二分流59以恒定转速运行;在表2所描述的运行方式下,通过循环压缩机41,42的通过量保持恒定。当然,在实施例中在两种运行方式之间的任一种过渡方式也是可能的。在两个表格中所列的三种运行情况的各个流体量以1000Nm3/h为单位给出。在表格第一栏中的符号参见附图。
表1(通过透平43的恒定通过量) 最大  中间  最小
 50 由主冷凝器至液氮罐的液氮 1.5  1.5  1.5
 32 由低压塔至液氧罐的液氮 36.5  36.5  36.5
 40 高压塔氮输入循环过程 90  90  90
 53 均衡流体+另外的流体(透平56) 30  30  30
 64 在高压塔压力下由循环过程抽取气态氮 15  15  15
 47 由液氮罐和由循环过程而来的液氮至高压塔顶部 54  54  54
 36 待蒸发的液氧 45  35  25
 37 气态压力产品(氧) 45  35  25
 44 循环过程压缩机的输出 93  83  73
 45 热载体的第一分流 64  54  44
 5960 热载体的第二分流(透平43) 28.5 28.5 28.5
61 由第二分流直接通过热交换器12向循环过程压缩机的反馈 13.5 13.5 13.5
 54 均衡流体 25  15  5
 5557 通过透平56的另个流体 5 15 25
 48 来自于罐中液化的第一分流的液氮 10  0  0
 52 由罐至高压塔的液氮 0  0  10
 65 高压氮产品 35  35  35
表2(通过循环过程压缩机41,42的恒定通过量) 最大  中间  最小
 50 由主冷凝器至液氮罐的液氮 1.5  1.5  1.5
 32 由低压塔至液氧罐的液氧 36.5  36.5  36.5
 40 高压塔氮向循环过程的输入 90  90  90
 53 均衡流体+另外的流体(透平56) 30  30  30
 64 在高压塔压力下由循环过程抽取气态氮 15  15  15
 47 由液氮罐及由循环过程而来的液氮至高压塔顶部 54  54  54
 36 待蒸发的液氧 45  35  25
 37 气态压力产品(氧) 45  35  25
 44 循环过程压缩机的输出 83  83  83
 45 热载体的第一分流 64  54  44
 5960 热载体的第二分流(透平43) 18.5 28.5 38.5
 61 第二分流直接通过热交换器12向循环过程压缩机的反馈 3.5  13.5  23.5
 54 均衡流体 25  15  5
 5557 通过透平56的另外流体 5 15 25
 48 来自于罐中液化的第一分流的液氮 10  0  0
 52 由罐至高压塔的液氮 0  0  10
 65 高压氮产品 35  35  35
该系统图在附图中通过虚线分为两部分。左半部基本上包括循环制冷回路及存储罐;整个精馏位于右半部。在本方法及设备的交替运行时,在附图右半部的所有流体完全或基本上保持不变,在压力氧生产中的变化仅对循环过程和存储罐产生影响。这又由两个表的前7行反映出,在表中所有越过虚线的流体被列出;这显示出在所有运行情况下具有相同的生产量,而汽化量变化(相关符号36,37),特别是105000Nm3/h的恒定量的氮由高压塔14经管路38通入的可变部分,它由同样保持不变的在透平43膨胀的第二分流部分(15000Nm3/h)叠加入流体40和53中。同样在所有运行情况下由低压塔15提取的液氧产品31,32保持恒定。
在表1的数字例中第二分流59,60保持恒定。对于蒸发所需的第一分流45的变化由通过循环过程压缩机(流体44)的通过量的相应变化反应:例如生产由平均值提高到等大值,通过循环过程压缩机的通过量也增加与产品量大致相同的量。通过减少相应的气体量来利用附加的气体,这种气体量由循环过程通过透平56被抽取作为其它流体55,57,58。
液化的热载体(第一分流45)的变化的量被这样缓存,即在超过平均的生产中多余的液体被通过管路48通入第二存储罐49;相反,在小的产品量下所缺的液体由液氧罐经管路52补偿,以使高压塔14的加流保持恒定。
表1的数据例是这样设计的,即各产生1500Nm3/h氧和氮的液体平均剩余量。它可被连续地,间歇地或以变量的液体产品形式排出。另外,在本方法中也可以通过相应地匹配透平的平均转速,改变循环过程的制冷能力并进而在运行过程中改变液态产品的中间量。此设备不仅可与内压缩压力产品相关,而且也可与液态产品相关,特别柔性地被运行。
在表2的例子中,循环过程压缩机41,42的通过量代替第二分流保持恒定。

Claims (7)

1、通过低温空气分离变量生产气态压力产品(37)的方法,其中,将输入空气(10,13)通入精馏系统(14,15),其中,
来自精馏系统(14,15)的液态馏分(31,32,34)在第一存储罐(33)中缓存,
将液态馏分(34)的压力提高(35),并且
在提高的压力下通过间接热交换(12)将可变量的液态馏分(36)汽化并且获得气态压力产品(37),此外,
将热载体通入具有循环过程压缩机(41,42)的制冷回路,
在循环过程压缩机(41,42)中压缩的热载体的第一分流(44,45)通入间接热交换器(12)中以使液态馏分(36)汽化,其中第一分流至少部分被液化,
在循环过程压缩机(41,42)中压缩的热载体(44)的第二分流(44,59)做功膨胀(43),并且
液化的热载体(45,48,52)被缓存在第二存储罐(49)中,
其特征是,热载体的另一流体(55)做功膨胀(56)。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其特征是,通入做功膨胀(56)的所述另一流体(55)的量在提高气态压力产品(37)的需要量时被减少。
3、根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征是,来自精馏系统(14,15)的氮(31)被用作热载体。
4、根据权利要求1或2的方法,其特征是,精馏系统(14,15)的输入空气(10)在一个主热交换器系统(11,12)中被冷却,液态馏分(36)的汽化(12)也在该主热交换器系统中在提高的压力下进行。
5、根据权利要求4的方法,其特征是,主热交换器系统具有一个热交换器体(Wrmetauscherblock),输入空气的冷却以及液态馏分在提高压力下的汽化都在该热交换器体中进行。
6、根据权利要求4的方法,其特征是,主热交换器系统具有一个第一热交换器体和一个第二热交换器体,其中在该第一热交换器体(11)中进行输入空气(10)的冷却,并且在该第二热交换器体(12)中在提高的压力下进行液态馏分(36)的汽化,其中,两个热交换器体(11,12)通过一个均衡流体(54)连接,该均衡流体由所述两个热交换器体的一个在其热冷端之间取出,并且通入这两个热交换器体的另一个中,在其热冷端之间通入。
7、通过低温空气分离变量生产气态压力产品的装置,
带有一个精馏系统(14,15),输入空气管路(10,13)通入该精馏系统,
带有用于由精馏系统(14,15)取出液态馏分并通入一个第一存储罐(33)的液体管路(31,32),
带有用以提高液态馏分(34)压力的装置(35),
带有用以在提高的压力下汽化液态馏分(36)的热交换器(12),
带有用于提取汽化的液态馏分作为气态压力产品的产品管路(37),
带有具有循环过程压缩机(41,42)的制冷回路,
带有第一分流管路(44,45),它由循环过程压缩机(41,42)连接到用于液态馏分(36)汽化的热交换器(12),
带有第二分流管路(44,59),它由循环过程压缩机(41,42)连接到制冷发动机(43),以及
带有用于缓存液化的热载体(45,48)的第二存储罐(49),
其特征在于,
具有第三分流管路(55),它由循环过程压缩机(41,42)通到另一个制冷发动机(56)。
CNB961956992A 1995-07-21 1996-07-18 变量生产气态压力产品的方法和装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1134638C (zh)

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