CN1068428C - 不纯氧生产方法及设备 - Google Patents

不纯氧生产方法及设备 Download PDF

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CN1068428C
CN1068428C CN92114490.3A CN92114490A CN1068428C CN 1068428 C CN1068428 C CN 1068428C CN 92114490 A CN92114490 A CN 92114490A CN 1068428 C CN1068428 C CN 1068428C
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pressure column
condenser
nitrogen
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gas
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J·L·吉劳尔特
P·马泽烈斯
J·P·特兰尔
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

本发明方法中中压塔(2)在高于6巴，优选至少9巴绝对压力下操作；中压塔(2)顶部所得挥发性低于氮的一次蒸发气在低压塔(3)的底部冷凝器(8)中冷凝以及中压塔(3)顶部所得氮气冷凝后回流，在低压塔中底部蒸发器(8)以上的位置回流送入中压塔(3)顶部。本发明宜于以双塔与燃气轮机联合进行空气蒸馏。

Description

不纯氧生产方法及设备
本发明涉及在双塔空气蒸馏设备中通过空气蒸馏生产不纯氧的方法，双塔包括中压塔和低压塔。
本发明涉及的用途为消耗大量不纯氧的领域，可举出煤或渣油气化工艺及铁矿直接还原-熔融工艺。
为了经空气蒸馏生产不纯氧，即纯度低于99.5％，一般低于98％的氧，已知只要可将提供的能量以压力形式用于低压塔就可通过双塔操作压力而降低能量。
见于US 4224045的应用该压的已知装置在于将空气蒸馏设备与燃气轮机组合：待分离的空气完全或部分从该燃气轮机压缩机出口抽出并将来自蒸馏设备的低压残余气体加压后回送到燃气轮机，不纯氧和氮在其生产塔压力下应用。
这样用低压完全合理且减少了分离所用能量。
本发明涉及减少生产不纯氧所需能耗。
因此本发明目的是提出这样一种方法，其特征在于：
中压塔在高于6巴，优选至少等于约9巴绝对压力下操作；
在低压塔底部冷凝器中冷凝挥发性低于中压塔顶部氮的一次蒸发气；和
在处于所述底部冷凝器上方的低压塔的某一位置冷凝中压塔顶的氮，随后将其回流送回中压塔顶。
其它特征包括：
一次蒸发气为中压塔中部抽出的气体；
该一次蒸发气由中压空气组成；
该一次蒸发气由已在高于中压塔压力下压缩的基本上纯或不纯氮气组成；
中压塔顶部的挥发性高于一次蒸发气但低于中压塔顶氮的二次蒸发气在所说冷凝位置之间的中间位置冷凝；
不纯氧以液态从低压塔底部排出，以液态达到要求生产压力并且通过三次蒸发气冷凝而在该压力下蒸发；
三次蒸发气由基本上纯或不纯氮组成，该氮气在双塔中产生并且在生产压力下压缩至不纯氧的蒸发压力；
三次蒸发气由空气组成，该空气送入双塔并且在生产压力下压缩至不纯氧的蒸发压力。
本发明还涉及利用适用于空气蒸馏工艺的双塔进行空气蒸馏的设备。本发明设备包括向中压塔送入空气以使其在至少约9巴绝对压力下蒸馏的装置，并且低压塔包括至少两台重叠蒸发器-冷凝器且其中包括一台底部蒸发器-冷凝器，向该底部蒸发器-冷凝器送入挥发性低于中压塔顶氮的一次蒸发气的装置，向第二台蒸发器-冷凝器送入来自中压塔顶部的氮气的装置以及将这样冷凝的氮回流返送到中压塔顶部的装置。
其它特征包括：
至少两台低压塔蒸发器-冷凝器紧密相互重叠，中间不设中间蒸馏装置；
该装置包括以液态从低压塔底抽出不纯氧的装置，将该液态不纯氧压缩至生产压力的装置以及校正用补充氮循环，其中包括将双塔中产生的一部分基本纯或不纯氮压缩，液化，膨胀并引入中压塔的装置；
该压缩装置宜用于在该生产压力下将该氮馏分压缩至不纯氧的蒸发压力。
以下参照附图详述本发明。
图1-4为本发明空气蒸馏设备四个实施方案示意图。
图1所示设备旨在7。4巴左右绝对压力下生产纯度85％氧气其中主要包括空气蒸馏双塔1，其结构中包括在15。7巴绝对压力下操作的中压塔(或“塔MP”)2和在6.3巴绝对压力下操作的低压塔(或“塔LP”)3，主换热管线4，副冷却器5，助蒸发器-冷凝器6和空气吹入低压塔的透平膨胀机7。塔3置于塔2之上，底部包括蒸发器-冷凝器8及后者之上的第二蒸发器-冷凝器9。
待蒸馏空气达到中压后经管道10引入换热管线4。该空气大部分冷至其露点左右并在换热管线冷端排出，剩余部分中温下从换热管线排出，在透平膨胀机中低压膨胀而保证设备中的冷却条件并在中间位置吹入塔LP3。
部分完全冷却空气经管道11引入塔MP2底部，剩余部分在蒸发器-冷凝器中冷凝，所得部分液体经管12引入塔2中部，而剩余部分在5处再冷却并在膨胀阀13中膨胀后引入塔LP3中部。
“富液体”(富氧空气)在塔MP底部收集起来，在5处再冷却并在阀14中膨胀后引入塔LP中部。同样，“贫液体”(不纯氮)从塔MP中部抽出，在5处再冷却并在膨胀阀15中膨胀后引入塔LP顶部。
引入塔MP顶部的基本纯氮部分在换热管线加热后经管16从设备中作为产品引出，剩余部分以气态中压下经管17送入上部蒸发器-冷凝器9。该氮气冷凝后回流经管18送入塔MP顶部。
此外，不纯气态氮从塔2中部抽出并且在该例中在与贫液体相同位置中压下经管19送到下部蒸发器-冷凝器8。所得液体经管20回流条件下送入塔MP，位置基本上是在同一位置。
从双塔中出来的物流为：
塔MP顶部为上述中压氮；
在塔LP顶部为不纯氮，构成设备的残余气，该不纯氮在副冷却器5和换热管线4中加热后经管道21抽出；以及
在塔LP底部为不纯氧，该液体经管22取出，用泵23压缩到生产压力(该例中7.4巴绝对压力)后在蒸发器-冷凝器6中通过经过其中的部分中压空气的冷凝而蒸发，再于换热管中以气态加热后经生产管24从设备中抽出。
另一方案中泵23可省略，不纯氧在6处低压下蒸发。
上述表明对于蒸发器-冷凝器8中的给定间隔，塔LP底部的液体温度由该蒸发器-冷凝器中冷凝的气体温度确定。由于这是从塔MP中来的中间气，其温度高于从该塔顶部来的氮，由不纯氧组成的底部液体温度相当高。因此，对于该不纯氧的要求纯度，塔LP的压力即低压可提高。最后，可在高压下得到不纯氧和不纯氮，因此可在其生产过程中降低成本，如就将不纯氮压缩到与该设备相连的透平膨胀机(未示出)中的要求压力所需能量而言，其方法已见于上述US4224045。
在该方案中上部蒸发器-冷凝器9用来在塔MP顶部提供要求的回流。
若送入两台蒸发器-冷凝器的两种气体温度相互明显不同，则在蒸发器-冷凝器之间需提供一定数量蒸馏塔板25。在相反情况下，这些板可省略，这简化了塔LP的结构，两台蒸发器-冷凝器甚至可连成单一的换热器，这也就是为什么板25以虚线画出的原因。
图2所示设备仅在以下方面不同于图1。
不纯氧以气态从塔LP抽出，只在换热管4中加热后就经管24抽出。在低压下生产不纯氧时，这特别有用。因此，可省略蒸发器-冷凝器6。
而且，冷至其露点左右的一部分中压空气可经管26送到位于图1中中间气体位置的下部蒸发器-冷凝器8。就该中间气体而言，将其送入位于下部和上部蒸发器-冷凝器8和9间的中间蒸发器-冷凝器27。如前所述，在蒸发器-冷凝器配对之间可设立或不设立塔板。蒸发器-冷凝器8生产的液化空气部分经管线28送入塔MP，部分在5处再冷却并在膨胀阀13中膨胀后送入塔LP。
与图1所示方案相比，可在塔LP底部达到高温，这有利于提高低压。相反，比制成的不纯氧含更多氧的液体必然蒸发，这又会降低低压。
在图3的设备中就克服了这后一缺点，其中可在高压下生产不纯氧。在以下几方面不同于前述方案。
一方面，不纯氧以液态从塔LP底部抽出后送入泵23，达到要求生产压力后蒸发，并在换热管线4中于该压力下加热后经管24从设备中排出。
另一方面，为了补偿在塔LP底部排除液态氧而造成的塔MP中回流损失，可提供一氮循环，可称为核准补充循环，同时用来保证不纯氧蒸发：即塔3顶部生产的氮(在这种情况下具有顶部“尖塔”30，其中在其顶部供入来自上部蒸发器-冷凝器9的纯液氮。然后在低压下生产纯氮)在换热管线中加热后用压缩机引压至中压。该中压氮与从管16抽出的中压氮物流共同用压缩机33再压缩至泵23压缩达到不纯氧蒸发压力，在换热管中液化并在膨胀阀34中膨胀后回流条件下送入塔MP顶部。
图4设备也包括带尖塔30的低压塔LP3，但与前述方案不同的是高压空气用升压机35升至不纯氧蒸发压力，这保证了换热管4中不纯氧的蒸发。在该例中，液化并在膨胀阀36和13中膨胀后该空气在两台2和3中分配。因此省略了图3所示压缩机33和膨胀阀34。
而且，来自压缩机31并压缩至中压以上的压力的氮在换热管中冷却后以气态送入下部蒸发器-冷凝器8，形成的液氮在膨胀阀37中膨胀后与上部蒸发器-冷凝器9生产的中压液氮联合。该方案的优点是可控制塔LP的底部温度并通过控制送入蒸发器-冷凝器8的氮压力而控制该塔压力。该氮压力可选在中压和氮气在换热管线中冷端冷凝的压力之间。

Claims (16)

1．在双塔(1)空气蒸馏设备中通过空气蒸馏生产不纯氧的方法，该双塔包括中压塔(2)和低压塔(3)，该方法包括下列步骤：
在高于6巴，优选至少等于约9巴绝对压力下操作中压塔(2)；
在低压塔(3)底部冷凝器(8)中冷凝挥发性低于中压塔(2)顶部氮的一次蒸发气；和
在处于所述底部冷凝器(8)之上的低压塔(3)的某一位置上的第二冷凝器(9)中冷凝中压塔顶部的氮，随后将其回流返送至中压塔顶，
其特征在于该一次蒸发气为中压塔(2)中部抽出的气体。
2．权利要求1的方法，其特征在于在所述冷凝位置之间的中间位置冷凝挥发性高于所述一次蒸发气但低于中压塔(2)顶部氮的二次蒸发气。
3．在双塔(1)空气蒸馏设备中通过空气蒸馏生产不纯氧的方法，该双塔包括中压塔(2)和低压塔(3)，该方法包括下列步骤：
在高于6巴、优选至少等于约9巴绝对压力下操作中压塔(2)，
在低压塔(3)底部冷凝器(8)中冷凝挥发性低于中压塔(2)顶部的氮的一次蒸发气，和
在处于所述底部冷凝器(8)之上的低压塔(3)的某一位置上的第二冷凝器(9)中冷凝中压塔顶部的氮，随后将其回流送回至中压塔顶，
该一次蒸发气为处于中压塔(2)的压力下的空气并且在所述冷凝位置之间中间的位置冷凝挥发性高于所述一次蒸发气但低于中压塔(2)顶部氮的二次蒸发气，
其特征在于该二次蒸发气为中压塔(2)中部抽出的气体。
4．权利要求1～3中任一项的方法，其特征在于不纯氧以液态从低压塔(3)底部排出，以液态达到要求生产压力并且通过三次蒸发气冷凝而在该压力下蒸发。
5．权利要求4的方法，其特征在于三次蒸发气为基本上纯或不纯氮，该氮气在双塔中产生并且在生产压力下压缩(33)至不纯氧的蒸发压力。
6．权利要求4的方法，其特征在于三次蒸发气为空气，该空气送入双塔(1)并且在生产压力下压缩(35)至不纯氧的蒸发压力。
7．在双塔(1)空气蒸馏设备中通过空气蒸馏生产不纯氧的方法，该双塔包括中压塔(2)和低压塔(3)，该方法包括下列步骤：
在高于6巴、优选至少等于约9巴绝对压力下操作中压塔(2)，
在低压塔(3)底部冷凝器(8)中冷凝挥发性低于中压塔(2)
顶部的氮的一次蒸发气，和
在处于所述底部冷凝器(8)之上的低压塔(3)的某一位置上的第二冷凝器(9)中冷凝中压塔顶部的氮，随后将其回流送回至中压塔顶，
其特征在于该一次蒸发气为基本上纯或不纯的被压缩至其压力高于中压塔(2)的压力的氮，
不纯氧以液态从低压塔(3)底部排出，以液态达到所需生产压力并且通过三次蒸发气冷凝而在该压力下蒸发。
8．权利要求7的方法，其特征在于三次蒸发气为基本上纯或不纯氮，该氮气在双塔中产生并且在生产压力下压缩(33)至不纯氧的蒸发压力。
9．权利要求7的方法，其特征在于三次蒸发气为空气，该空气送入双塔(1)并且在生产压力下压缩(35)至不纯氧的蒸发压力。
10．用双塔(1)进行空气蒸馏的设备，双塔包括中压塔(2)和低压塔(3)，其中包括向中压塔(2)送入空气以使其在至少约9巴绝对压力下蒸馏的装置(10)，并且低压塔(3)包括至少两台重叠蒸发器-冷凝器(8,9,8,9,27)且其中包括一台底部蒸发器-冷凝器(8)，向该底部蒸发器-冷凝器(8)送入挥发性低于中压塔(2)顶部的氮的一次蒸发气的装置，向第二台蒸发器-冷凝器(9)送入中压塔顶部的氮气的装置以及将这样冷凝的氮回流返送到中压塔顶部的装置(18)，其特征在于包括用于向底部蒸发器-冷凝器(8)送料的装置，该装置包含向该蒸发器-冷凝器输送被压缩至其压力高于中压塔(2)的压力的基本上纯或不纯氮或从中压塔(2)的中部抽出的气体的装置，用于从低压塔的底部以液态抽出不纯氧的装置(22)，将该不纯氧加压为液体的装置和在其中被加压的不纯氧通过与三次蒸发气换热而蒸发的换热器(4)。
11．权利要求10的设备，其特征在于低压塔(3)包括一个处在底部蒸发器-冷凝器(2)与第二蒸发器-冷凝器(27)之间的第三蒸发器-冷凝器(27)。
12．用双塔(1)进行空气蒸馏的设备，双塔包括中压塔(2)和低压塔(3)，其中包括向中压塔(2)送入空气以使其在至少约9巴绝对压力下蒸馏的装置(10)，并且低压塔(3)包括至少三台重叠蒸发器-冷凝器(8,9,27)且其中包括一台底部蒸发器-冷凝器(8)，向该底部蒸发器-冷凝器(8)送入挥发性低于中压塔(2)顶部的氮的一次蒸发气的装置，向第二台蒸发器-冷凝器(9)送入中压塔顶部的氮气而在将氮送入第二蒸发器-冷凝器之前不会降低其压力的装置以及将这样冷凝的氮回流返送到中压塔顶部的装置(18)，用于向底部蒸发器-冷凝器(8)送料的装置，该装置包含向该蒸发器-冷凝器输送平均压力空气的装置(26)，用于向中间蒸发器-冷凝器(27)提供其挥发性低于塔顶氮但高于所述一次蒸发气的二次蒸发气的装置，其持征在于该二次蒸发气为从中压塔(2)的中间位置抽出的气体。
13．权利要求10～12中任一项的设备，其特征在于至少两台低压塔(3)蒸发器-冷凝器(8,9；9,27)紧密相互重叠，中间不设中间蒸馏装置(25)。
14．权利要求10-13中任一项的设备，其特征在于包括以液态从低压塔(3)的底部抽出不纯氧的装置(22)，将该液态不纯氧压缩至生产压力的装置(23)以及校正补充氮循环，其中包括将双塔(1)中产生的一部分基本纯或不纯氮压缩，液化，膨胀并引入中压塔(2)的装置(33,34)。
15．权利要求14的设备，其特征在于该压缩装置(33)宜用于在该生产压力下将该氮馏分压缩至不纯氧的蒸发压力。
16．权利要求10-15中任一项的设备，其特征在于包括宜于在该生产压力下将一部分有待蒸馏的空气压缩至不纯氧蒸发压力的空气升压机(35)。
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CN1088301A (zh) 1994-06-22
EP0547946B1 (fr) 1996-10-09
ES2145967T3 (es) 2000-07-16
BR9205050A (pt) 1993-08-10
EP0713069A1 (fr) 1996-05-22
DE69214409D1 (de) 1996-11-14
AU3022192A (en) 1993-06-24
EP0547946B2 (fr) 2000-03-22
CA2085561A1 (fr) 1993-06-19
DE69230975D1 (de) 2000-05-31
FR2685459A1 (fr) 1993-06-25
FR2685459B1 (fr) 1994-02-11
EP0547946A1 (fr) 1993-06-23
ES2092661T3 (es) 1996-12-01

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