CN1081780C - 在压力下生产氧和/或氮的方法和装置 - Google Patents

在压力下生产氧和/或氮的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1081780C
CN1081780C CN94102521A CN94102521A CN1081780C CN 1081780 C CN1081780 C CN 1081780C CN 94102521 A CN94102521 A CN 94102521A CN 94102521 A CN94102521 A CN 94102521A CN 1081780 C CN1081780 C CN 1081780C
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里斯·诺伯特
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

所有进入设备的空气都压缩到高压，然后冷却到中等温度。在这一温度下，一部分空气在5中做功膨胀到中压，其余的空气被液化。低压塔在大约1.7-5巴的绝对压力下操作，其剩余气体在部分再加热后在第二透平机(8)中膨胀。本发明适用于在压力下生产不纯的氧，同时产生至少一种液体产品。

Description

在压力下生产氧和/或氮的方法和设备
本发明涉及一种在压力下生产气态氧和/或气态氮的方法，该法包括：
—空气在双蒸馏塔中蒸馏，双蒸馏塔包括一个在所谓的低压下操作的低压塔和一个在所谓的中压下操作的中压塔；
—所有要蒸馏的空气被压缩到至少一个比中压高得多的高压；
—压缩后的空气被冷却到中等温度，其中一部分空气在送入中压塔以前，在透平机中膨胀到中压；
—未膨胀的空气被液化，膨胀后送入双蒸馏塔；
—至少一种从双蒸馏塔中抽出的液体产物被置于生产压力下，这种液体产物通过与空气热交换而汽化。
本说明书所述的压力是绝对压力。而且，术语“液化”应从广义上理解，也就是说包括在超临界压力情况下的虚拟液化。
在FR—A—2674011中描述了上述类型的方法。
本发明的目的是提高这一已知的方法的能量效率。
为此，本发明所述类型的方法的特点在于：
—低压塔在压力下操作；
—低压塔顶的剩余气体在部分再加热后在第二透平机中膨胀。
另外一些特点是：
—低压塔在约1.7至5巴下操作，而中压塔在约6.5至16巴下操作；
—第二透平机的出口温度在空气液化曲线的拐点或主拐点附近。
本发明也为此目的提供适合于实现这一方法的设备。该设备包括由在所谓的低压下操作的低压塔和在所谓的中压下操作的中压塔组成的双蒸馏塔；给所有要蒸馏的空气产生至少一个比中压高得多的高压的压缩设备，从双蒸馏塔中抽出和泵送至少一种从蒸馏中产生的液体产物的设备；使空气和所述的液体产物实现热交换的热交换管线；用于一部分空气膨胀的膨胀透平机，该透平机的进口管连接到热交换管线的中点，其出口管连接到一压力塔。该设备的特点在于，它有一台第二膨胀透平机，它的进口管连接到低压塔残余气体的出口管。
附图中表示本发明的一个实施方案，其中：
—图1图示说明本发明的设备；
—图2是对应于本设备的一个操作例的热交换图，横座标为摄氏温度，而纵座标为空气与双蒸馏塔的产物之间交换的热量。
图1所示的设备适合于在约3至100巴高压下生产气态氧、在约1.7至5巴低压下生产气态氮、生产液氧和液氮。
该设备主要包括：主空气压缩机1，预冷却器2；吸附净化设备3；由鼓风机4和透平机5组成的鼓风机—透平机机组，应确保其转子在同一轴上；用于鼓风机的空气或水致冷器6；热交换管线7；用交流电机9制动的第二膨胀透平机8；由中压塔11和低压塔12组成的双蒸馏塔10，它通过汽化器冷却器13连接，汽化器—冷凝器13放置在热交换器中，13使塔11顶的氮气和塔12底的液氧进行热交换；液氧泵14；常压液氧贮罐15；常压液氮贮罐16；相分离器17以及过冷却器18。
在操作中，塔12处于约1.7至5巴压力下，而塔11处于相应的约6.5至16巴压力下。
所有要蒸馏的空气在1中压缩，在2中预冷却到5-10℃，在3中脱除水和CO2，以及在4中进一步压缩到高压。在6中预冷却后，在7中部分冷却到中温T1，一部分高压下的空气继续在热交换管线中冷却液化，然后分成两个馏分。每一馏分在各自的膨胀阀19、20中膨胀，然后分别送到塔11、12。
在温度T1下，从热交换管线除去其余的高压空气，在5中做功膨胀到中压，并送入塔11的底部。
按常规的方式，从塔11的底部抽出的“富液”(富含氧的空气)和从该塔的顶部抽出的“纯液”(基本上是纯氮)在18中过冷却后，在各自的膨胀阀21和22中膨胀，并分别送入塔12的中部和顶部。
从塔12的底部抽出液氧。一部分在18中过冷却后并在膨胀阀23中膨胀到常压后直接送入贮罐15，而其余部分用泵14加压到所需的高压，然后在通过管线24排出以前在热交换管线中汽化和再加热到常温。
而且，从塔11顶部抽出的中压液氮在18中过冷却，在膨胀阀25中膨胀到常压，并送入相分离器17。将液相送入贮罐16，而汽相在18中然后在7中再加热，并通过管线26作为产物(低压气态氮)回收。
从塔12顶部抽出的残余气体(不纯的氮气WNZ)在18中再加热，然后部分在7中再加热到中温T2。在这一温度下，从热交换管线抽出残余气体，在透平机8中膨胀到常压，并经冷却，在相应的温度下送入热交换管线，然后被再加热到常温，再通过管线27排出。
用2.2巴低压、8.2巴中压、32巴高压(空气)和40巴高压(氧气)计算得到图2的热交换图。在透平机5的进口处的温度T1略低于氧汽化的恒温线P的温度，而在透平机8的进口处的温度T2接近空气液化拐点G的温度。在再加热曲线中的R点对应于再送入剩余膨胀功的气体的热交换管线，而曲线斜率增加的区段(R点与温度T2之间)导致该方法的热力学改进所对应的冷却部分的图变窄。
随着高压气态氧的生产比能下降，还可生成更多的液体量。
在塔12的压力下操作；其结果使生产的氧的纯度下降。例如，贮存在15中的高压气态氧和液氧的纯度通常约为95％。但是，有可能在贮罐15的一端液氧抽出口和泵14的另一端之间安几块蒸馏塔板，这样，可生产一部分(例如20％的氧)有更高纯度、一般为99.5％纯度的液氧馏分。
本发明还可用于生产高压气态氮气，和/或生产有几个压力的氧和/或氮，前者用泵(未示出)产生所需的高压，然后在热交换管线中汽化，后者使用若干个高的空气压。而且，液体的汽化可不伴随空气的液化(如上述的例子)，也可伴随空气的液化。

Claims (5)

1.一种在压力下生产气态氧和/或气态氮的方法，该法包括：
—空气在双蒸馏塔(10)中蒸馏，双蒸馏塔包括一个在所谓的低压下操作的低压塔(12)和一个在所谓的中压下操作的中压塔(11)；
—所有要蒸馏的空气被压缩(在1、4中)到至少一种比中压高得多的高压；
—压缩后的空气被冷却到中等温度，其中一部分空气在送入中压塔(11)以前在透平机(5)中膨胀到中压；
—未作功膨胀的空气被液化，膨胀后(在19、20中)送入双蒸馏塔中；
—至少一种从双蒸馏塔中抽出的液体产物置于生产压力下，这种产物通过与空气热交换而汽化；该法的特点在于：
—低压塔(12)在压力下操作；
—低压塔顶的剩余气体在部分再加热后在第二透平机中膨胀。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，低压塔(12)的操作压力约为1.7至5巴，而中压塔(11)的操作压力约为6.5至16巴。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于，第二透平机(8)进口处的温度(T2)在空气液化拐点(G)或主液化拐点附近。
4.一种在压力下生产气态氧和/或气态氮的设备，该设备包括由在所谓的低压下操作的低压塔(12)和在所谓的中压下操作的中压塔(11)组成的双蒸馏塔(10)；给所有要蒸馏的空气产生至少一个比中压高得多的高压的压缩设备(1、4)，从双蒸馏塔中抽出和泵送至少一种从蒸馏中产生的液体产物的设备(14)；使空气和所述的液体产物实现热交换的热交换管线(7)；用于一部分空气膨胀的膨胀透平机(5)，该透平机的进口管连接到热交换管线的中点，其出口管连接到中压塔(11)，该设备的特点在于，它有一台第二膨胀透平机(8)，其进口管连接到低压塔(12)残余气体的出口管。
5.根据权利要求4的设备，其特征在于，低压塔(12)有一个蒸馏段，它位于待送去贮存的液氧的下部抽出口与连接到泵(14)的进口的液氧抽出口之间。
CN94102521A 1993-02-25 1994-02-25 在压力下生产氧和/或氮的方法和装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1081780C (zh)

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FR9302137A FR2702040B1 (fr) 1993-02-25 1993-02-25 Procédé et installation de production d'oxygène et/ou d'azote sous pression.
FR9302137 1993-02-25

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FR2730172B1 (fr) * 1995-02-07 1997-03-21 Air Liquide Methode et appareil de surveillance de fonctionnement d'une installation de separation d'air
US5924307A (en) * 1997-05-19 1999-07-20 Praxair Technology, Inc. Turbine/motor (generator) driven booster compressor
US20070095100A1 (en) * 2005-11-03 2007-05-03 Rankin Peter J Cryogenic air separation process with excess turbine refrigeration
US7552599B2 (en) * 2006-04-05 2009-06-30 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Air separation process utilizing refrigeration extracted from LNG for production of liquid oxygen
US9714789B2 (en) * 2008-09-10 2017-07-25 Praxair Technology, Inc. Air separation refrigeration supply method
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CN109737691B (zh) * 2019-01-31 2020-05-19 东北大学 一种钢铁企业空气分离系统

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DE69402745T2 (de) 1997-11-13
CN1093158A (zh) 1994-10-05
AU5634794A (en) 1994-09-01
CA2116297A1 (fr) 1994-08-26
ES2102780T3 (es) 1997-08-01
EP0612967A1 (fr) 1994-08-31
US5515688A (en) 1996-05-14
EP0612967B1 (fr) 1997-04-23
FR2702040B1 (fr) 1995-05-19
CA2116297C (fr) 2004-12-07
DE69402745D1 (de) 1997-05-28
AU672859B2 (en) 1996-10-17
JPH06249574A (ja) 1994-09-06
ZA941279B (en) 1994-09-30
FR2702040A1 (fr) 1994-09-02

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