CN1396427A - 低温分离空气的三塔系统 - Google Patents

低温分离空气的三塔系统 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1396427A
CN1396427A CN02102895A CN02102895A CN1396427A CN 1396427 A CN1396427 A CN 1396427A CN 02102895 A CN02102895 A CN 02102895A CN 02102895 A CN02102895 A CN 02102895A CN 1396427 A CN1396427 A CN 1396427A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
pressure column
tower
condensation
nitrogen
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN02102895A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
迪特里希·罗特曼
克里斯蒂安·孔茨
霍斯特·科尔迪昂
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Publication of CN1396427A publication Critical patent/CN1396427A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
    • F25J3/04884—Arrangement of reboiler-condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/0406—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/04084—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04193—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions
    • F25J3/042—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions having an intermediate feed connection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04193—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions
    • F25J3/04206—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions including a so-called "auxiliary vaporiser" for vaporising and producing a gaseous product
    • F25J3/04212—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions including a so-called "auxiliary vaporiser" for vaporising and producing a gaseous product and simultaneously condensing vapor from a column serving as reflux within the or another column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/0423—Subcooling of liquid process streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04351—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04436—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using at least a triple pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04448—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using at least a triple pressure main column system in a double column flowsheet with an intermediate pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04436—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using at least a triple pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04454—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using at least a triple pressure main column system a main column system not otherwise provided, e.g. serially coupling of columns or more than three pressure levels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
    • F25J3/04648—Recovering noble gases from air argon
    • F25J3/04654—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column
    • F25J3/04666—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04672—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser
    • F25J3/04678—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser cooled by oxygen enriched liquid from high pressure column bottoms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
    • F25J3/04648—Recovering noble gases from air argon
    • F25J3/04654—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column
    • F25J3/04709—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as an auxiliary column system in at least a dual pressure main column system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/20—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in an elevated pressure multiple column system wherein the lowest pressure column is at a pressure well above the minimum pressure needed to overcome pressure drop to reject the products to atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/32—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using a side column fed by a stream from the high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/40—Features relating to the provision of boil-up in the bottom of a column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/30—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/42—Separating low boiling, i.e. more volatile components from nitrogen, e.g. He, H2, Ne
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/52—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being oxygen enriched compared to air ("crude oxygen")
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/42—One fluid being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/50—One fluid being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/52—One fluid being oxygen enriched compared to air, e.g. "crude oxygen"

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

用于三塔系统中低温空气分离的工艺和设备，三塔系统包括一个高压塔、一个低压塔和一个中压塔。加压空气被导入高压塔，从而被分离成第一富氧液体和第一氮馏分。第一氮馏分的至少一部分在第一冷凝/蒸发系统中被冷凝以形成第一液氮馏分。来自高压塔的第一富氧馏分被导入中压塔，从而被分离成第二富氧液体和第二氮馏分。第二氮馏分的至少一部分在第二冷凝/蒸发系统中被冷凝以形成第二液氮馏分，并被作为回流而加入三塔系统的其中一个塔中并/或作为液体产品而获得。来自高压塔或中压塔的第二富氧馏分被导入低压塔，从而被分离成第三富氧液体和第三氮馏分。不是在第二冷凝/蒸发系统中形成的液态回流氮被导入中压塔中。

Description

低温分离空气的三塔系统
发明领域
本发明涉及一种低温分离空气的工艺。在该工艺中，空气在包含一个高压塔、一个低压塔和一个中压塔的三塔系统中被分馏。
背景技术
低温分离空气的一般原理在豪森/林德的专著“低温技术”(第二版，1985年)以及“化工发展”杂志(第63卷第二册第35页，1967年)中拉蒂默的一篇文章中已有描述。在三塔系统中，高压塔和低压塔最好构成一个林德双塔，也就是说，这两个塔通过一个主冷凝器而进行热交换。(但是，本发明在原理上也适用于高压塔和低压塔的其它结构和/或其它的冷凝器结构。除了所提及的用于氮/氧分离的三塔以外，还可以设有其它设备以获得空气中的其他成分，尤其是惰性气体，例如可以包括用于氩分离的设备。)与传统的林德双塔工艺不同，在三塔工艺中，不是所有的在高压塔中形成的富氧液体被直接输入到低压塔中，而是其中从高压塔中取出的第一富氧馏分流入中压塔中，在那里它被进一步地分馏，其中的工作压力通常在高压塔和低压塔的工作压力之间。在该工艺中，液氮(第二液氮馏分)从第一富氧馏分中产生，并被用作三塔系统中附加的回流和/或作为液态产品而获得。这样一种低温分离空气的工艺可以从例如德国专利DE1065867 B和DE2903089 A中或欧洲专利EP 1043556 A1中得知。
这种三塔工艺通常比传统的双塔工艺具有能量优势。但是，它的复杂程度同时增加了，从而带来缺点，尤其当该工艺必须相应于产品需求的变化而相对快速地反应时。例如在结合IGCC(集成式气化混合循环)设备并为燃气轮机供应氮气和/或为用于为燃气轮机生产燃料气体的气化装置供应氧气的空气分馏塔中，这种性质的快速负荷变化就产生了。它们需要空气分离工艺的高度灵活性。
发明内容
因此，本发明是基于这个目的，即提供一种前言中所描述的类型的工艺以及一种具有特别高的灵活性的相应的设备。
该目的通过这一事实而实现，即不是在第二冷凝/蒸发系统中生成的液态回流氮被输入中压塔中。
在以前通常的三塔系统中，第二冷凝/蒸发系统被用作中压塔的顶部冷凝器，即在该区域所产生的液氮形成中压塔中的回流。
对比而言，根据本发明的方法起初看来是不适宜的，因为从第二冷凝/蒸发系统中产生了足够的用于中压塔的冷凝状态的回流，因此用于从其它地方获得回流的多余的花费并没有什么意义。但是，从本发明的叙述中可以发现，尤其是通过以上所描述的方法，就有可能充分地提高工艺灵活性。
这是因为当负荷改变时，中压塔的不纯净增压馏分的组成(“第一富氧馏分”)发生改变。由于中压塔内部的相对少数目的理论塔板，这种浓度上的变化也会对中压塔的顶部产品产生影响，这些顶部产品在第二冷凝/蒸发系统中被液化。但是由于来自第二冷凝/蒸发系统的液氮的一部分被用作液态产品或者作为另一个塔的回流，所以浓度上的波动会对最终产品的纯度有直接的影响，或者破坏其它塔的运作(例如低压塔)。
在研究本发明的过程中所发现的这个缺点通过将来自第二冷凝/蒸发系统以外地方的液氮用作中压塔中的回流而减小。因为这种液氮在浓度上的波动较小，所以即使在负荷变化过程中也可以总是得到大致稳定的组成成分的回流，这样在中压塔中所产生的氮气(以及由此在第二冷凝/蒸发系统中产生的液氮)的纯度即使在负荷变化时也保持大体的稳定。因为产品纯度对设备的运作方式的依赖性降低了，所以相对于已有技术自由度大大提高了。
如果中压塔中液态回流氮的至少一部分是通过第一液氮馏分的至少一部分而形成的，则更为有利。因为高压塔的氮产品的浓度波动特别低，所以最好只有在第一冷凝/蒸发系统中液化的氮气被用作中压塔的回流。作为替换的或者补充的，也可以应用来自其它地方的液态回流氮，例如液体罐或者氮气管道。
在本发明中，中压塔回流的一定部分是从第二冷凝/蒸发系统中取出的，也就是说从中压塔所生产的第二氮馏分中产生的可能性不能完全被排除。这个量可以例如为30％，优选小于20％，尤其最好小于用于中压塔的总回流的10％。但是，如果中压塔上部区域的回流完全或大体完全由不是在第二冷凝/蒸发系统中所产生的液态回流氮所形成的，则更为有利。这意味着在第二冷凝/蒸发系统中所生成的第二液氮馏分没有或大体没有(即例如小于10％，最好小于5％)被输入到中压塔中。
如上所述，在目前已知的工艺中，第二冷凝/蒸发系统被设计成中压塔的顶部冷凝器。在这种情况下，在一定条件时有必要使用一个泵以便将那里所形成的液氮导入低压塔中。然而在根据本发明的工艺中，第二冷凝/蒸发系统可以独立于中压塔的位置而被安装，例如在比低压塔顶部高的一个测量位置。这样，就有可能通过静压而使来自第二冷凝/蒸发系统的液氮被导入低压塔中。如果在第二冷凝/蒸发系统的液化空间中和低压塔的顶部之间没有压力梯度或者仅有非常小的压力梯度，则也有可能省去一个泵。
第二冷凝/蒸发系统最好通过单一的致冷剂，通常为蒸发液而冷却。第二冷凝/蒸发系统的致冷剂可以通过来自低压塔的液体馏分而形成。例如它可以取自低压塔底部或者取自第二富氧馏分被导入的位置下部的一个中间点。
中压塔最好具有一个底部蒸发器(第三冷凝/蒸发系统)，第二富氧液体在第三冷凝/蒸发系统中被蒸发。它可以-本身-直接与来自高压塔的气态氮一起被作用。但是在许多情况下，将来自高压塔、中压塔或者低压塔的气态氮在一个循环压缩机中进行压缩以高于高压塔的压力，然后在第三冷凝/蒸发系统中将这种气态氮进行冷凝，则更为有利。
已经在第三冷凝/蒸发系统中液化的(循环)氮可以形成中压塔液态回流氮的一部分或者全部。
正如已经提到的那样，中压塔通常在一个中间压力下进行工作。但是在本发明中，在一定场合，使中压塔在高于高压塔的工作压力下工作会有优势。这在例如第二冷凝/蒸发系统被用来产生气态高压产品时适用。
本发明还涉及一种根据权利要求10和11的空气低温分离设备。
详细说明
本发明以及本发明的进一步的细节在下面将参考附图所表示的优选实施例而更加详细地进行描述。
在图1所示的工艺中，压缩清洁的高压空气1的第一部分2被输入主热交换器3的热端。空气的第一部分出现在主热交换器3的冷端，并在大约露点温度时通过管道4而流入底部正上方的高压塔5。
高压塔5是三塔系统的一部分，三塔系统另外还包括一个中压塔6和一个低压塔7。高压塔5和低压塔7通过一个作为主冷凝器的第一冷凝/蒸发系统8而进行热交换。
在高压塔5中，第一氮馏分16作为顶部气体而生成，第一富氧液体在底部生成。高压塔氮气16的一部分17可以在主热交换器3中被加热，并且至少部分作为气态高压产品18而获得。剩余部分19在主冷凝器8中被冷凝以便形成第一液氮馏分20。这种液氮馏分的一部分被用作高压塔5中的回流，另一部分通过管道21而被从高压塔中取出。
来自高压塔的富氧底部液体(在本例子中所有这种液体)通过管道22而被输送，并作为第一富氧馏分而通过节流阀23输送至处于中间位置的中压塔6。在中压塔6中，第二氮馏分24作为顶部气体而生成，第二富氧液体在底部生成。顶部气体24被输送给第二冷凝/蒸发系统25的液化空间中，在那里它被冷凝以便形成第二液氮馏分26。在该实施例中，后者的全部被作为回流而加入到低压塔7的顶部，在一定的情况下，是在通过节流安全阀27后。即使与低压塔7之间没有压力梯度或者仅有非常小的压力梯度，第二液氮馏分26也会不受外力而流入低压塔中。这是由于第二冷凝/蒸发系统25的测量位置高于低压塔顶部，如图所示。
图1所示的工艺具有第三冷凝/蒸发系统28，它作为中压塔6的底部蒸发器而被连接。中压塔6的底部液体中未在该冷凝/蒸发系统28中蒸发的那部分作为第二富氧馏分29在一个逆流过冷器30中被过冷，并被作为第二富氧馏分31通过一个节流阀32而输送给低压塔7。
气态氮33从低压塔7的顶部被取出，在逆流过冷器30中被加热，通过管道34而输送至主热交换器3，最后在大约环境温度下通过管道35被排出以作为氮气产品和/或剩余气体。纯的或者不纯的氧气在低压塔7的底部被获得，并通过管道36以液体形式被取出。泵37通过管道38、逆流过冷器30、管道39和调节阀40而将液氧产品输送至第二冷凝/蒸发系统25的蒸发空间中。在该空间中形成的蒸汽41与直接从低压塔7中取出的气态氧42混合。气态氧产品43一起流入主热交换器3中并最终在环境温度下通过管道44而被取出。在第二冷凝/蒸发系统中仍以液态形式存在的氧气63作为液态产品(LOX)而被取出。
来自高压塔5的液氮21通过管道57、逆流过冷器30、管道58以及节流阀59而作为附加的回流被输入低压塔7中。高压塔LIN21的另一部分60被节流(61)并被作为回流而喷入中压塔6的顶部。
图1所示的工艺还具有一个氮气循环。为了实现它，从高压塔5中取出的氮气16、17和45在一个循环压缩机46中被加压至高于高压塔的压力，被再冷却(47)，并通过管道48而被输送给主热交换器3，在该热交换器中被冷却至略高于冷端的温度，然后通过管道49而输送至第三冷凝/蒸发系统28的液化空间。在这里形成的冷凝物50通过管道51而流入逆流过冷器30中并向上通过管道52和节流阀53而到达高压塔的顶部。一部分54可以作为回流而加入中压塔6中，以补充或替换从高压塔中取出的液氮21。相应的比例可以通过阀55和61而被调节。
通过在二次冷却器47的上游或下游取出高压产品62，循环压缩机46也可以用作产品压缩机。液氮产品(LIN)可以通过管道64而从低压塔7中取出。
在本工艺中，通过一部分加压空气的作功膨胀14而产生制冷。为了完成它，加压空气1的第二部分9在二次压缩机10中被进一步压缩，并且经过二次冷却11后，类似地通过管道12而流入主热交换器3的热端。空气的第二部分在中间温度下通过管道13而从主热交换器3中取出，在涡轮机14中以作功的方式膨胀至大约低压塔的压力，并被吹入(15)低压塔7中。涡轮机14与二次压缩机10机械连接在一起。
塔的工作压力(均位于顶部)如下所示：
高压塔5    例如为3.5-17巴，最好大约为12巴
中压塔6    例如为3.5-17巴，最好大约为9巴
低压塔7    例如为1.3-7巴，最好为大约3巴
在图2所示的工艺中，中压塔6的尺寸被如此地设置，从而通过在第二冷凝/蒸发系统25中蒸发低压塔7的底部液体，在那里所产生的氮气24能够足够地产生全部气态氧产品。低压塔7的底部产品以液体的形式通过管道36而被取出。液氧通过37、38、30、39和40而被传输至第二冷凝/蒸发系统25。在该冷凝/蒸发系统中所产生的蒸气41形成所有的气态氧产品43和44。没有任何气态氧被直接地从低压塔7中取走。因此可能-根据中压塔6的工作压力-使所有的气态氧产品在高于低压塔7的工作压力的压力下获得。(在这种情况下，粗氧必须从高压塔5中泵入到中压塔6中-参考例如图7。)以这样一种内部压缩的方式，不需要气体压缩机(外部压缩)就可以使气态氧产品的安全压力增加。当然，也有可能设置一种氧气压缩机，用来使热氧产品44的压力更高(内部压缩和外部压缩的结合)。
在该步骤中，有可能通过第二冷凝/蒸发系统25的工作压力而使气态氧产品41、43和44的压力更加机动。一方面，通过适当地设计中压塔6和冷凝/蒸发系统25，有可能使一个特定的工艺适用于合适的稳定状态的产品压力和/或适用于便宜的氧气压缩机以便进一步在气态下进行压缩。另一方面，也可能改变管道41、43和44中的氧气压力，而不需要改变高压塔5或低压塔7的工作压力而使设备运行。这种类型的变型可以被实施，例如通过适当地设置阀40、61、55和23。(如果氧气的产品压力高于低压塔7的工作压力，管道22中的泵(未示出)的输送高度也必须相应地改变)。
图3与图2不同，因为是来自低压塔7的气态氮33、34和345而不是高压塔氮被输入循环压缩机346。虽然这增加了使循环运作所需要的能量上的费用，但是它意味着有更多的液氮可用作回流，从而回流被改善了，尤其在低压塔7的上部。
虽然以上所示的本发明的变量包括热循环压缩机46和346，但是图4中的氮气循环由冷压缩机446所驱动。来自高压塔的气态氮16的一部分445在塔温下被分支并被输送给循环压缩机446。被压缩的循环氮449被直接传输到第三冷凝/蒸发系统28的液化空间中。冷压缩机回路是有优势的，尤其是在中压塔6的相对低的工作压力下，即在不是大大高于低压塔压力的压力下。在这种情况下，冷压缩机只需要克服较小的压力差，例如0.3巴-1.0巴，最好大约为0.5巴。
在特别低的中压塔压力下，在一定的情况下可以省去循环压缩机，从而第三冷凝/蒸发系统28由来自高压塔的气态氮549直接加热，如图5所示。
在图6所示的工艺中，中压塔6的工作压力比图5中的要高。(中压塔压力可以与高压塔压力相同，可以比高压塔压力低到2巴，也可以比高压塔压力高达13巴。中压塔压力最好比高压塔压力高2巴。)高压塔的底部液体22通过另一个泵665而达到一个相当高的压力。处于进给至中压塔6位置处的阀23仅用于控制目的。由于高的操作压力，所以中压塔6的顶部产品的压力以及因此在第二冷凝/蒸发系统25处的压力升高了。所以可以在气态氧41、43和44中达到一个相当高的产品压力。由于冷凝液体26的压力也比高压塔的压力高，所以能够通过管道626而输入高压塔，最好在对已被泵(37)至高压的液氧638进行预过冷666之后。
图7与图6不同，因为是来自低压塔7的气态氮33、34和345而不是高压塔氮被输入循环压缩机346中。虽然这增加了使循环运作所需要的能量上的费用，但是会有更多的液氮可用作回流，从而回流被改善了，尤其在低压塔7的上部。
以与图5类似的方式，在图8中，中压塔6的底部蒸发器28(第三冷凝/蒸发系统)直接通过来自高压塔5顶部的气态氮16和549而被作用。在那里形成的所有的冷凝物851返回至高压塔5的顶部。但是，用于低压塔和中压塔的回流在整体输送部867的下部被取出，整体输送部867具有1个至10个理论的或实际的塔板。通过这种方式，就有可能使包含少量氦、氖或氢等易挥发不纯物的液氮通过管道821而被去除。第一部分860作为液态回流氮而加入到中压塔6的顶部。剩余物857被过冷(30)并被加入(858，859)低压塔7的顶部。结果，就有可能在中压塔6和低压塔7中生产高纯度(尤其是没有氦、氖和氢)的氮。在图8中，所生成的液氮864从高压塔5或主冷凝器8中被取出。
在图8中，第二冷凝/蒸发系统25通过来自中压塔6并已在30中过冷以及在869中膨胀的底部液体29和868(“第二富氧液体“)而被冷却。如此形成的蒸气870以及液体部分871被导入低压塔7中的适当位置。在第二冷凝/蒸发系统25中所获得的液氮26在逆流过冷器30中被冷却并通过管道872和阀27而被加入低压塔7中。液氧产品863直接从低压塔7的底部取出。
在图9所示的变量中，一个附加的整体输送部967被设置在低压塔中，该部分具有一个至10个理论上或实际上的塔板。低压塔7和中压塔6的回流液57和60在这种情况下如图1所示通过管道21被直接从高压塔的顶部取出。在第二冷凝/蒸发系统25中从中压塔的顶部气体中获得并被过冷的液氮972被节流(927)，并在整体输送部967的下部被射出。以这种方式，中压塔6中的浓度波动就对低压塔7的产品纯度产生较小的影响，尤其是对液氮产品64。不纯的氮从低压塔7的一个中间点通过管道973、974和975而被取出，并在热交换器30和3中加热至大约环境温度。
图10示出了一个传统的内部压缩工艺。(工艺的剩余物与图9相同。)所有的氧产品1036以液体形式从低压塔7中被取出。没有作为液体产品863而被排出的部分1076流入泵1077，在那里它达到合适的产品压力。通过高压管道1078，液体流流入主热交换器1079，在那里它被蒸发(或者-如果它处于超临界压力-假蒸发)。用于这个目的的加热装置为第三空气流束1080，它在带有二次冷却器1082的二次压缩机1081中达到为实现这个目的所需的压力，并通过管道1083而输入主热交换器3的热端。液化的或超临界的高压空气1084在适当的位置通过管道1085被输入高压塔5中并且/或者通过管道1086和1087而进入低压塔7中。
作为氧气内部压缩的替换或者补充，也可能使来自高压塔5的氮气1088通过泵1089而被内部压缩，并且在主热交换器3中被蒸发(或者-如果它为超临界压力-假蒸发)。
可以通过一个双燃气轮机工艺而改善主热交换器3中的热交换操作，如图11所示。在这种情况下，不仅仅是内部压缩所需的空气流束1184，而且还有以作功方式膨胀至大约高压塔5的工作压力的两个空气流束1113和1190/1191，在二次压缩机中被进一步压缩。被燃气轮机膨胀的气流与直接空气2一起通过管道1104被输送至高压塔5的底部。用于冷燃气轮机1114的内部压缩空气1184和空气1113在两个由燃气轮机1114和1192所驱动的串联的再压缩机中被再次压缩。
在图11所示的工艺中空气没有被吹入低压塔7中的事实还使得氩可通过虚线所示的工艺步骤而得到。粗氩塔1102与低压塔7通过管道1100和1101而连通。在粗氩塔1102的顶部，气体粗氩被形成，它的第一部分1105在一个顶部冷凝器1104中被冷凝并作为回流而被加入粗氩塔的顶部。剩余物1106作为气体产品而被取出，并且如果需要可以被进一步加工。顶部冷凝器1104通过中压塔6的过冷底部液体1131的一部分1107而被冷却。
在图12中，中压塔6的过冷底部液体31被节流(32)并以与图1所示的类似方式被直接喷射到低压塔7中。第二冷凝/蒸发系统25通过高压塔5的底部液体1222的一部分1293/1294而被作用。在第二冷凝/蒸发系统25中形成的蒸汽1207以及仍以液体形式存在的部分1271被导入低压塔7中的合适的位置。否则，图12就和图8相同了。这种冷却第二冷凝/蒸发系统25的方法也可以应用于图9-图11所示的任意工艺中。
当然，在本发明的范围内，可以对附图所示的实施例的特征进行进一步的结合。
以上所描述的工艺尤其适于与燃气轮机中的IGCC工艺相结合。空气1可以在一个专门的空气压缩机中被压缩并/或能够从一个与燃气轮机相连的压缩机中完全或部分地取出。如果需要，至少一些产品(如果需要，用于汽化装置的氧气44；如果需要，用于增加燃气轮机中的整体流动并减少氧化氮的形成的氮18、62和35)在进一步压缩后被输送给IGCC工艺过程。

Claims (11)

1、一种用于三塔系统中的空气低温分离工艺，所述三塔系统包括一个高压塔(5)、一个低压塔(7)和一个中压塔(6)，在该工艺中，
(a)加压空气(1，2，4，1080，1083，1084，1085，1104，1113，1183，1184，1190，1191)被导入高压塔(5)，在那里它被分离成第一富氧液体和第一氮馏分(16)，
(b)第一氮馏分(16)的至少一部分(19)在第一冷凝/蒸发系统(8)中被冷凝以便形成第一液氮馏分(20)，
(c)来自高压塔(5)的第一富氧馏分(22)被导入中压塔(6)中，在那里它被分离成第二富氧液体和第二氮馏分(24)，
(d)第二氮馏分(24)的至少一部分在第二冷凝/蒸发系统(25)中被冷凝以便形成第二液氮馏分(26)，并被作为回流加入三塔系统的其中一个塔中并/或作为液体产品而获得，以及
(e)来自高压塔或中压塔(6)的至少一个第二富氧馏分(29，31，870，871，1270，1271)被导入低压塔(7)中，在那里它被分离成第三富氧液体以及第三氮馏分，
其特征在于，不是在第二冷凝/蒸发系统(25)中形成的液态回流氮(54，60，860)被导入中压塔(6)中。
2、如权利要求1所述的工艺，其特征在于，用于中压塔的液态回流氮的至少一部分(60)由第一液氮馏分(20，21)的至少一部分形成。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的工艺，其特征在于，没有或者没有很多在第二冷凝/蒸发系统(25)中形成的第二液氮馏分(26)被导入中压塔(6)中。
4、如权利要求1至3中的任一权利要求所述的工艺，其特征在于，第二液氮馏分(26)的至少一部分通过静压而被导入低压塔(7)中。
5、如权利要求1至4中的任一权利要求所述的工艺，其特征在于，液体馏分(36，38，39)从低压塔(7)中被取出，并在第二冷凝/蒸发系统(25)中被蒸发。
6、如权利要求1至5中的任一权利要求所述的工艺，其特征在于，第二富氧液体通过第三冷凝/蒸发系统(28)而被蒸发。
7、如权利要求6所述的工艺，其特征在于，第三冷凝/蒸发系统通过气态氮(49，449，549)而被加热，所述气态氮尤其已在一个循环压缩机(46，346，446)中被压缩。
8、如权利要求7所述的工艺，其特征在于，在第三冷凝/蒸发系统中液化的氮(50，54)作为液态回流氮而被导入中压塔(6)中。
9、如权利要求1至8中的任一权利要求所述的工艺，其特征在于，中压塔(6)的工作压力高于高压塔(5)的工作压力。
10、一种用于空气低温分离的设备，其具有一个三塔系统，所述三塔系统包括一个高压塔(5)、一个低压塔(7)和一个中压塔(6)，并包括
(a)加压空气管道(1，2，4，1080，1083，1084，1085，1104，1113，1183，1184，1190，1191)，其通向高压塔(5)，
(b)第一冷凝/蒸发系统(8)，用于将来自高压塔(5)的第一氮馏分(16)的至少一部分(19)冷凝以便形成第一液氮馏分(20)，
(c)管道(22)，用于将来自高压塔(5)的第一富氧馏分导入中压塔(6)中，
(d)第二冷凝/蒸发系统(25)，用于将来自中压塔(6)的第二氮馏分(24)的至少一部分冷凝以便形成第二液氮馏分(26)，所述第二冷凝/蒸发系统(25)的液化空间通过回流管道而与三塔系统的其中一个塔相连或者与一个液体产品管道(64)相连，以及
(e)加压管道(29，31，870，871，1270，1271)，用来将来自高压塔或中压塔(6)的第二富氧馏分导入低压塔(7)，
其特征在于，具有液体管道(54，60，860)，其用于将液态回流氮导入中压塔(6)中，所述管道(54，60，860)与第二冷凝/蒸发系统(25)的液化空间不是连通的。
11、如权利要求10所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第二冷凝/蒸发系统(25)被设置在比低压塔(7)的顶部高的一个测量位置。
CN02102895A 2001-01-30 2002-01-30 低温分离空气的三塔系统 Pending CN1396427A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10103968A DE10103968A1 (de) 2001-01-30 2001-01-30 Drei-Säulen-System zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
DE10103968.9 2001-01-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1396427A true CN1396427A (zh) 2003-02-12

Family

ID=7672117

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN02102895A Pending CN1396427A (zh) 2001-01-30 2002-01-30 低温分离空气的三塔系统

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20020121106A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1227288A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2002235982A (zh)
CN (1) CN1396427A (zh)
DE (1) DE10103968A1 (zh)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102901322A (zh) * 2011-07-26 2013-01-30 林德股份公司 通过低温空气分离获得压力氮和压力氧的方法和装置
CN104913596A (zh) * 2015-06-17 2015-09-16 西亚特工业气体科技（杭州）有限公司 一种制备压力氧气的空气分离装置及方法
CN105026862A (zh) * 2013-03-06 2015-11-04 林德股份公司 空气分离设备、获得含氩产品的方法及构建空气分离设备的方法
CN112524886A (zh) * 2019-09-18 2021-03-19 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 高纯度氧生产系统

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005006408A1 (de) * 2005-02-11 2006-08-24 Linde Ag Verfahren zum Abtrennen von Spurenkomponenten aus einem Stickstoff-reichen Strom
DE102006012241A1 (de) * 2006-03-15 2007-09-20 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
DE102009023900A1 (de) 2009-06-04 2010-12-09 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Dreisäulenverfahren und -vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
FR2946735B1 (fr) * 2009-06-12 2012-07-13 Air Liquide Appareil et procede de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique.
JP5417054B2 (ja) * 2009-06-15 2014-02-12 大陽日酸株式会社 空気分離方法及び装置
DE102009048456A1 (de) * 2009-09-21 2011-03-31 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
CN103998883B (zh) 2011-09-20 2016-12-14 林德股份公司 低温分离空气的方法和设备
US10634425B2 (en) * 2016-08-05 2020-04-28 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Integration of industrial gas site with liquid hydrogen production
JP6440232B1 (ja) * 2018-03-20 2018-12-19 レール・リキード−ソシエテ・アノニム・プール・レテュード・エ・レクスプロワタシオン・デ・プロセデ・ジョルジュ・クロード 製品窒素ガスおよび製品アルゴンの製造方法およびその製造装置
WO2020187449A1 (de) 2019-03-15 2020-09-24 Linde Gmbh Verfahren und anlage zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE560818A (zh) * 1956-10-18
GB9213776D0 (en) * 1992-06-29 1992-08-12 Boc Group Plc Air separation
US5341646A (en) * 1993-07-15 1994-08-30 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Triple column distillation system for oxygen and pressurized nitrogen production
DE19537913A1 (de) * 1995-10-11 1997-04-17 Linde Ag Dreifachsäulenverfahren zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
DE19815885A1 (de) * 1998-04-08 1999-10-14 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von gasförmigem Druckprodukt bei der Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102901322A (zh) * 2011-07-26 2013-01-30 林德股份公司 通过低温空气分离获得压力氮和压力氧的方法和装置
CN102901322B (zh) * 2011-07-26 2016-08-10 林德股份公司 通过低温空气分离获得压力氮和压力氧的方法和装置
CN105026862A (zh) * 2013-03-06 2015-11-04 林德股份公司 空气分离设备、获得含氩产品的方法及构建空气分离设备的方法
CN105026862B (zh) * 2013-03-06 2018-03-27 林德股份公司 空气分离设备、获得含氩产品的方法及构建空气分离设备的方法
CN104913596A (zh) * 2015-06-17 2015-09-16 西亚特工业气体科技（杭州）有限公司 一种制备压力氧气的空气分离装置及方法
CN112524886A (zh) * 2019-09-18 2021-03-19 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 高纯度氧生产系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10103968A1 (de) 2002-08-01
JP2002235982A (ja) 2002-08-23
EP1227288A1 (de) 2002-07-31
US20020121106A1 (en) 2002-09-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN100346119C (zh) 通过空气低温分馏生产氪和/或氙的方法和装置
US6530242B2 (en) Obtaining argon using a three-column system for the fractionation of air and a crude argon column
US5392609A (en) Process and apparatus for the production of impure oxygen
CN1050418C (zh) 空气分离
TW464752B (en) Double column system for the low-temperature fractionation of air
CN1057380C (zh) 低温空气分离方法和设备
JPH0579753A (ja) 圧力下のガス状酸素の製造方法及び製造装置
CN1396427A (zh) 低温分离空气的三塔系统
US6196023B1 (en) Method and device for producing compressed nitrogen
CN1104618C (zh) 纯氩的回收方法和装置
JPH102664A (ja) 低純度及び高純度の酸素製品を製造する圧縮原料空気流の低温蒸留方法
US5412953A (en) Process and installation for the production of gaseous oxygen and/or gaseous nitrogen under pressure by distillation of air
CN101351680A (zh) 低温空气分离法
MXPA97008225A (en) A cryogenic cycle of three columns for the production of impure oxygen and nitrogen p
CN107606875A (zh) 通过低温分离空气产生压缩氮和液氮的方法和设备
CN102062515B (zh) 从空气中获取氦氖浓缩物的方法和装置
US5730004A (en) Triple-column for the low-temperature separation of air
US5361590A (en) Air separation
KR100660243B1 (ko) 공기의 저온 분별에 의해 가압된 산소 및 크립톤/크세논을 생성시키는 방법 및 장치
KR20010049392A (ko) 극저온 증류에 의해 공기를 분리하는 방법 및 장치
US20020053219A1 (en) Method for plant and separating air by cryogenic distillation
US5704228A (en) Process and device for the evaporation of a liquid flow
CN100334412C (zh) 通过低温空气分馏来生产高纯度氮的工艺和设备
CN1277347A (zh) 空气的分离
US6170291B1 (en) Separation of air

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C02 Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001)
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication