CN105026862A - 空气分离设备、获得含氩产品的方法及构建空气分离设备的方法 - Google Patents

空气分离设备、获得含氩产品的方法及构建空气分离设备的方法 Download PDF

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CN105026862A
CN105026862A CN201480011523.4A CN201480011523A CN105026862A CN 105026862 A CN105026862 A CN 105026862A CN 201480011523 A CN201480011523 A CN 201480011523A CN 105026862 A CN105026862 A CN 105026862A
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column
top section
lower pressure
argon
pressure column
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CN105026862B (zh
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S·洛赫纳
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/028Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of noble gases
    • F25J3/0285Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of noble gases of argon
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    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
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    • F25J3/04006Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
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    • F25J3/04624Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using integrated mass and heat exchange, so-called non-adiabatic rectification, e.g. dephlegmator, reflux exchanger
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    • F25J3/04642Recovering noble gases from air
    • F25J3/04648Recovering noble gases from air argon
    • F25J3/04654Producing crude argon in a crude argon column
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    • F25J3/04666Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system
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    • F25J3/04678Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser cooled by oxygen enriched liquid from high pressure column bottoms
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    • F25J3/04672Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser
    • F25J3/04703Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser being arranged in more than one vessel
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    • F25J3/04727Producing pure argon, e.g. recovered from a crude argon column using an auxiliary pure argon column for nitrogen rejection
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及空气分离设备(100),其设计用于通过低温分离经压缩及冷却的进料空气获得含氩产品,其中空气分离设备(100)具有高压塔(1)、具有尾段(2)和顶段(3)的多部分低压塔以及具有尾段(4)和顶段(5)的多部分粗氩塔,其中在高压塔(1)中由至少一部分的进料空气获得至少一股氧富集流(d),在低压塔中由至少一部分的氧富集流(d)获得至少一股氩富集流(m),及在粗氩塔中由至少一部分的氩富集流(m)获得至少一股富氩流(n),借助共用的泵(18)将来自低压塔的顶段(3)的下部区域及来自粗氩塔的尾段(4)的下部区域的至少一股液体流(n)送入低压塔的尾段(2)的上部区域中。本发明还涉及相应的方法。

Description

空气分离设备、获得含氩产品的方法及构建空气分离设备的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及空气分离设备、通过低温分离空气获得氩产品的方法以及构建相应的空气分离设备的方法。
背景技术
例如在乌尔曼化工大词典(Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of IndustrialChemistry(doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_485))的词条“稀有气体(NobleGases)”中描述了通过低温分离空气获得氩的过程。如在此例如在图18中所述,可以在具有已知的用于氮氧分离的双塔系统及额外的氩生产单元的传统空气分离设备中获得氩。
在该双塔系统中,在低压塔(也称作氩泡)中在所谓的氩转化区域中氩发生富集,在此在气相中的浓度达到最高15%。在实际应用中,由低压塔排出略低于该氩最大值的氩富集流,因而所述流具有较低的氮含量。
将氩富集流输送至所谓的粗氩塔中。粗氩塔是用于氩氧分离的分离塔。在传统的空气分离设备中,粗氩塔可以通过单部分塔形成,但是例如在EP 0 628 777 B1中也描述了两部分塔或多部分塔。
将氩含量例如为10%的氩富集流送入已知的粗氩塔。在粗氩塔中,由此获得富氩流,其可以在下游的纯氩塔中进一步纯化。在纯氩塔中,可以获得含量高达99.9999%的氩或更高的氩产品。该氩产品通常以液体形式获得,从而有利于储存和运输。
所述类型的用于获得氩的过程例如由以下文献公开:DE 2 325 422 A、EP 0 171 711 A2、EP 0 377 117 B2(对应于US 5,019,145 A)、DE 403 07 49 A1、EP 0 628 777 B1(US 5,426,946 A)、EP 0 669 508 A1(US 5,592,833 A)、EP 0 669 509 B1(US 5,590,544 A)、EP 0 942 246 A2、EP 1 103 772 A1、DE 196 09 490 A1(US 5,669,237 A)、EP 1 243 882 A1(US 2002/178747 A1)、EP 1 243 881 A1(US 2002/189281A1)和FR 2 964 451 A3。
在构建用于获得氩的空气分离设备时,由于所用的塔特别是粗氩塔的尺寸而造成问题。用于氮氧分离的双塔系统可以达到几乎为60m的总高度;单部分形式的粗氩塔同样在此范围内。
相应的空气分离设备几乎不再可以预制,因为各个组件的组通常不再可以运输比较长的距离。这意味着,它们必须在各自的目标位置构建。这出于各种不同的原因是不利的,特别是因为在目标位置的相应的人员不可使用或者是昂贵的。由此显著增加了构建相应的空气分离设备的花费。
与此不同,在生产位置基本上以模块化构建相应的空气分离设备是值得期待的。单个组件在此优选已经容纳在相应的冷箱中,只需在目标位置彼此连接。为此同样可以有利地使用模块,所谓的管道滑道(PipingSkids)。
US 2001/0001364 A1建议,用于获得氩的空气分离设备的一部分塔以两部分方式构造,并实现了允许减小所述塔的冷箱的尺寸的排布方式。
虽然这一分配方式有利于构建空气分离设备,但是仍然需要进行改善。因此,本发明的目的是以在经济上特别有利的方式构建和运行最初所述类型的空气分离设备。
发明内容
基于这一背景,本发明建议一种空气分离设备、通过低温分离空气获得氩产品的方法以及构建具有独立权利要求的特征的相应的空气分离设备的方法。优选的实施方案分别是从属权利要求的主题,下面也将进行描述。
本发明的优点
根据本发明,建议空气分离设备设计用于通过低温分离经压缩及冷却的进料空气获得含氩产品。该空气分离设备具有高压塔、以多部分方式构造的低压塔和以多部分方式构造的粗氩塔。该以多部分方式构造的低压塔和该以多部分方式构造的粗氩塔均具有至少一个尾段和在空间上与其分离的顶段。该以多部分方式构造的低压塔和该以多部分方式构造的粗氩塔尤其是均以两部分方式构造。
该空气分离设备基于最初所解释的原理运行,其中氩富集流可以由空气分离设备的低压塔排出。
“含氩产品”例如可以是液态氩(LAR)、气态氩(GAR,任选通过所谓的内部压缩获得)或所谓的伪氩(Fake Argon,在冷态以气态添加至残余气体的不纯氩)。下面主要以液态纯氩(LAR)为例阐述本发明,其简称为“氩产品”。
“以两部分方式构造的”塔如所述是以如下方式构造的,两个区段(顶段和尾段)是在空间上彼此分离地布置的。已知的空气分离设备例如可以具有用于氮氧分离的塔系统,其中高压塔和低压塔彼此分离地布置,并且经由塔顶冷凝器以热交换的方式连接。此类塔系统是“以两部分方式构造的”。因此,术语“以两部分方式构造的”限定了结构单元的相应的构造方式,其中组件永久地彼此连接,无法彼此分离地布置。
“尾段”和“顶段”均代表以两部分方式构造的塔的区段,其在其功能上,尤其是在此产生的馏份或流方面,对应于传统的以单部分方式构造的塔的最下或最上的区段。尾段例如具有塔底容器;顶段例如具有塔顶冷凝器。因此,顶段是该塔与相应的冷凝器连接的部分,于其中将回流送至相应的塔。在已知的空气分离设备的以单部分方式构造的低压塔中,在塔底获得富氧液体馏份,其可以作为氧产品排出。因此该过程也在以两部分方式构造的低压塔的尾段的塔底实施。在已知的空气分离设备的以单部分方式构造的低压塔的塔顶,可以相应地排出气态氮产品,这同样适用于以两部分方式构造的低压塔的顶段的上部。在以单部分方式构造的粗氩塔的塔顶–及相应地在以两部分方式构造的粗氩塔的顶段的上部–排出粗氩流,并输送至纯氩塔,由以单部分方式构造的粗氩塔的塔底–及相应地由以两部分方式构造的粗氩塔的尾段的塔底–将产生的塔底产品送回至低压塔中。
若以“多部分”方式构造的低压塔和/或粗氩塔具有多于两个部分,则在尾段与顶段之间额外设置有中间区段。单个区段(尾段、顶段及任选存在的中间区段)通过管线和任选存在的泵相互连接,从而以此方式实现了如同在各自单部分塔的情况下实现的运行模式。
根据本发明的空气分离设备以常见方式构造,这意味着,在高压塔中,可由例如可以多股进料空气流的形式供应的进料空气的至少一部分获得至少一股富氧流。该富氧流可以至少部分地输送至多部分低压塔,更精确而言首先送至其尾段。在多部分低压塔中,如所述,在所谓的氩转化过程中,可由氧富集流的至少一部分获得至少一股富氩流。其可以输送至多部分粗氩塔,更精确而言首先同样送至其尾段。在粗氩塔中,至少由一部分的氩富集流可以获得至少一股富氩流。
术语“流”和“馏份”用于相应的流体。“流”例如是连续地导入相应的管线的流体。“馏份”是起始混合物例如空气的可由该起始混合物分离出的部分。此类馏份可以在任意时刻作为流导入相应的管线系统或塔中。
流或馏份可以针对一种或多种存在的组分进行“富集”,其中富集馏份或富集流的一种或多种相应地指定的组分的含量高于起始混合物。尤其是在含量对应于起始混合物中的相应含量的至少两倍、五倍、十倍或一百倍时,发生富集。“富含”一种或多种组分的流主要具有相应的一种或多种组分。例如,富氩流可以具有基于摩尔数、重量或体积至少80%、90%、95%或99%的氩。
根据本发明的空气分离设备的特征在于,借助共用的泵将来自低压塔的顶段的下部区域及来自粗氩塔的尾段的下部区域的至少一股液体流输送至低压塔的尾段的上部区域。
本发明可以包括塔或其区段的不同布置方式。因此,粗氩塔的尾段和/或顶段可以在测量学上至少部分地紧邻低压塔的顶段布置。在此情况下,高压塔、低压塔的顶段、粗氩塔的尾段和顶段也可以在测量学上至少部分地彼此紧邻地布置。根据另一个实施方案,粗氩塔的尾段或顶段在测量学上完全位于低压塔的顶段上方布置。优选地,低压塔的尾段也在垂直俯视图中紧邻其顶段布置,粗氩塔的尾段也在垂直俯视图中紧邻其顶段布置。同时,在粗氩塔的尾段或顶段在测量学上完全位于低压塔的顶段上方布置时,高压塔和低压塔的尾段一方面以及粗氩塔的顶段或尾段和低压塔的顶段在垂直俯视图中至少部分地彼此上下地布置。
在本申请的范畴内,“在测量学上至少部分地紧邻”是指,各自被认为比较邻近的塔或塔区段(在此例如是粗氩塔的尾段和/或顶段)的最低点位于相应的其他的塔或塔区段(在此例如是低压塔的顶段)的最高点下方。各自被认为比较邻近的塔或塔区段的最低点也可以位于一个平面上。因此,在所述的其中粗氩塔的尾段和/或顶段在测量学上至少部分地紧邻低压塔的顶段布置的实施方案中,存在一个不仅与粗氩塔的尾段和/或顶段相交而且与低压塔的顶段相交的水平截面。
相应地,“在测量学上完全位于上方”是指,各自被认为比较邻近的塔或塔区段(在此例如是粗氩塔的尾段或顶段)的最低点位于相应的其他的塔或塔区段(在此例如是低压塔的顶段)的最高点上方。若在所述情况下在测量学上完全位于低压塔的顶段上方布置的粗氩塔的尾段或顶段在其最低点以流体方式与低压塔的顶段连接,在忽略压力差的情况下,液体完全流入低压塔的顶段。
在此情况下,塔或塔区段的“最低点”各自是布置在底侧的容器的底部的最低点,该容器例如是塔底容器、或塔或塔区段的整个内部空间。可能与其连接的管线不被认为是塔的一部分。塔或塔区段的“最高点”是塔或塔区段的顶部。若塔或塔区段具有塔顶冷凝器,则其最高点是塔或塔区段的最高点。
组件“在垂直俯视图中紧邻”的布置方式在此是指其中相应的组件在垂直投影中彼此紧邻地布置的布置方式。这并不排除相应的元件彼此在不同的(在测量学上的)高度上布置。例如,低压塔的尾段可以在垂直俯视图中紧邻低压塔的顶段布置,但是在高度上的布置方式可以在如下方面不同,低压塔的顶段在测量学上的最高点仍然位于低压塔的尾段在测量学上的最低点下方。若组件与此不同“在垂直俯视图中至少部分地彼此上下地”布置,则其外围管线至少部分地重叠。例如,粗氩容器可以在侧向上移动,从而实现更加节约空间的构造。
在所述实施方案中根据本发明的布置方式被证明是特别有利的,因为相应的空气分离设备由此能够以明显较小的高度构建。例如,借助根据本发明的措施,通过相应的划分和布置方式以约为40m的总建筑高度构建包括有效高度约为60m的粗氩塔的空气分离设备。
具有所述高度的粗氩塔为此分成例如两个部分。同样分成两个部分的低压塔的顶段可以在测量学上在粗氩塔的顶段或尾段下方位于共用的冷箱中。该布置方式具有一系列额外的优点,下面将会加以描述。低压塔的尾段可以连同高压塔形成结构单元,并且同样位于相应的冷箱中。高压塔以及低压塔的尾段可以经由主冷凝器以热交换的方式彼此连接。该构造方式对应于传统的具有Linde双塔的空气分离设备。
粗氩塔的顶段或尾段以及低压塔的顶段的相应的冷箱的尺寸仅约为40m。由此有利于运输。类似地也适用于包含高压塔以及低压塔的尾段的冷箱。粗氩塔的其余区段同样要求约为40m的建筑高度。
因此,空气分离设备可以成本特别低廉地构建,及尤其是由于所述的根据本发明的泵布置方式可以运行。此类空气分离设备尤其是可以完全在生产位置预制,及在相应的冷箱中以模块单元的形式运输至目标位置。因此在目标位置上多个组件的复杂连接不是必需的。该设备组件可以在工厂特别简单地在其整体上复查其功能性,这省略掉在目标位置任选实施的对单个组件的复杂的故障诊断。
通过如所述借助共用的泵将来自低压塔的顶段的下部区域的液体流及来自粗氩塔的尾段的下部区域的液体流送入低压塔的尾段的上部区域,从而在根据本发明的空气分离设备运行期间获得特别的优点。由此可以完全省略掉提供多个不同的泵及因此相应的能量消耗以及与此相关的热量输入及相应的维护敏感性。
在此情况下,低压塔优选是以如下方式构造和运行的,所述的氩转化过程位于低压塔的顶段与尾段之间的分离位置。如所述,在实际应用中,由低压塔排出略低于实际的氩最大值的氩富集流,因而具有较低的氮含量。这可以在选择分离位置时及在低压塔运行期间加以考虑。因此,来自粗氩塔的尾段的下部区域和来自低压塔的顶段的下部区域的流具有相同或相似的氩浓度,因而可以借助共用的泵送入低压塔的尾段的上部区域。
根据本发明的空气分离设备可以不同的构造方式构建,尤其是使用所谓的管道滑道,即使用也允许预制的管道连接的管道模块。
此外,根据本发明的空气分离设备有利地具有纯氩塔,其中可以获得具有在最初所述范围内的纯度的氩。该纯氩塔可以布置在所述冷箱之一中,或者与其分离,尤其是在分离的冷箱中。
根据本发明的方法包括通过低温分离经压缩及冷却的进料空气获得氩产品。根据本发明的方法得益于上述优点,因而可以明确地对此加以参考。
下面依照显示本发明的优选的实施方案的附图阐述本发明。
附图说明
图1所示为根据本发明的一个特别优选的实施方案的用于获得氩产品的空气分离设备的示意图。
图2所示为根据本发明的一个特别优选的实施方案的用于获得氩产品的空气分离设备的示意图。
具体实施方式
在图中,彼此对应的元件以相同的附图标记给出。省略掉其重复的解释。
需要明确强调的是,在图1和2中所示的空气分离设备的组件的布置方式仅仅是示例性的,尤其是在此所示的组件尤其是塔的尺寸并不是按照比例修正的。如所述,相应的空气分离设备的粗氩塔通常具有最大的高度,这并不是以按照比例修正的方式体现在图中。具有所谓的虚拟塔(dummy columns)的设备也是已知的,由此仅排出氩,从而实现能量上的优势。此类塔明显更低,即低于其他的塔。
图1示意性地显示了根据本发明的用于获得氩产品的空气分离设备,其整体上用100表示。该空气分离设备具有作为分离单元的高压塔1、具有尾段2和顶段3的两部分低压塔、具有尾段4和顶段5的同样两部分的粗氩塔以及纯氩塔6。低压塔的尾段2和顶段3在结构上彼此分离。低压塔的顶段3在垂直俯视图中紧邻高压塔1及位于其上的低压塔的尾段2布置。低压塔的尾段2和顶段3一起在功能上对应于Linde双塔的传统的低压塔。因此,高压塔1以及低压塔的两个塔区段2和3形成用于氮氧分离的蒸馏塔系统。
在所示的示例性实施方案中,将经冷却及压缩的进料空气以两股流a和b的方式送入高压塔1。流a和b可以一方面是所谓的涡轮流(turbinestream,流a)及另一方面是所谓的阻塞流(throttle stream,流b)。因此,根据本发明的空气分离设备100可以构造用于内部压缩。例如在EP 2 026 024 A1中显示了流a和b的供应。例如,大气空气可以经由过滤器用空气压缩机抽吸,在此被压缩至5.0至7.0bar、优选约为5.5bar的绝对压力。空气可以在该空气压缩机自身中或者在布置在其下游的另一个压缩机(后期压缩机)中被压缩至更高的压力,随后经由膨胀机膨胀,由此例如可以负担空气分离设备100的一部分制冷需求。
空气在压缩后例如可以在直接接触冷却器中在与冷却水的直接热交换中被冷却。例如可以由蒸发冷却器和/或由外部来源供应冷却水。然后,经压缩及冷却的空气可以在纯化装置中进行纯化。其例如可以具有一对装填有合适的吸附剂、优选分子筛的容器。然后,经纯化的空气通常在主热交换器中被冷却至大约露点。
运行压力分别在塔顶或顶段的上部为4.5至6.5bar,在高压塔1中优选约为5.0bar,在低压塔2、3中为1.2至1.7bar、优选约为1.3bar。低压塔的尾段2和顶段3优选在基本上相同的压力下运行,但是并不排除例如由于管线阻力造成的特定的压力差。
高压塔1和低压塔的尾段2经由主冷凝器12以热交换方式连接,并且作为结构单元构造。然而,本发明原则上也可用于其中高压塔1和低压塔(或其尾段2)彼此分离地布置并且具有分离的即没有集成在塔中的主冷凝器的系统中。
在将进料空气流b送入高压塔1中时液化的空气可以部分地作为相应的流c排出,在过冷逆流热交换器13中加热,然后以其他方式使用,或者重新压缩,并作为进料空气流a、b供应。
氧富集馏份d由高压塔1的塔底排出,在过冷逆流热交换器13中过冷,作为流e部分地在纯氩塔6的塔底蒸发器14中进一步冷却。另一部分可以绕过塔底蒸发器14。部分的流e流入两部分粗氩塔的顶段5的塔顶冷凝器15的蒸发空间,其他部分流入纯氩塔6的塔顶冷凝器16的蒸发空间。氧富集馏份在塔顶冷凝器15和16中蒸发的部分作为流f于第一中间点送至低压塔的顶段3。以液态留下的部分作为流g送至低压塔的顶段3的位于第一中间点上方的第二中间点。
来自高压塔1的塔顶的气态氮可以部分地作为流h例如在未示出的主热交换器中进行加热,用于冷却进料空气至大约环境温度,然后如EP 2 026 024 A1中所述进一步处理。
来自高压塔1的塔顶的残余的气态氮在主冷凝器12中至少部分地冷凝。在此产生的液态氮部分地作为回流送至高压塔1。另一部分在过冷逆流热交换器13中过冷之后作为流i送至低压塔的顶段3的上部。来自低压塔的顶段3的塔顶的气态氮流j可以在经过过冷逆流热交换器13之后以不同方式使用,或者重新用于空气分离设备中。
来自低压塔的尾段2的塔底的液态氧流k可以借助泵17以液态进行压缩,然后例如送至液氧罐(LOX)。这些氧的一部分也可以进行蒸发,以提供气态的压缩氧(所谓的内部压缩)。
低压塔被分成尾段2和顶段3及其运行以如下方式进行,在低压塔的顶段3的下部使氩富集馏份富集。在此情况下是所谓的氩转化的区域(也称作氩泡或氩区段)。如本领域技术人员已知的,这一富集过程是由于氩的挥发性而发生的,其处于氮的挥发性和氧的挥发性之间。若在低压塔中采用传统的回流比率,则氩转化位于送入氧富集馏份的中间点的上方和下方(流f和g)。可以达到在气相中最高为15%的氩浓度。然而,为了降低氮浓度,氩富集流通常在该中间点下方排出,这里正是如此(流m)。
在空气分离设备100中,流l由低压塔的尾段2的上部流至低压塔的顶段3的下部区域,由此使低压塔的尾段2和顶段3部分地在功能上相连接。在相同高度,由低压塔的顶段3排出富氩流m,并送入粗氩塔的尾段4。在粗氩塔的尾段4的塔底上方直接进行所述送入过程。
将来自低压塔的顶段3的塔底及来自粗氩塔的尾段4的塔底的塔底液体作为流n经由泵18送回至低压塔的尾段2。因此,一方面实现了低压塔的第一塔区段2和第二塔区段3在功能上的连接,另一方面将粗氩塔经由尾段4引入分离系统中。
粗氩塔的顶段5的塔顶冷凝器15可以作为回流冷凝器构造。来自粗氩塔的顶段5的顶端的气体向下流入回流通道,并在此部分地冷凝。在此产生的冷凝物在回流通道中在相对于上升气体的逆流中向下流动,并在粗氩塔的顶段5中用作液体回流。在蒸发侧,塔顶冷凝器15作为浴式冷凝器构造。在此通过来自高压塔1的液态氧富集馏份形成的冷却剂流体经由一个或多个侧面开口向下流入蒸发通道,并在此部分地蒸发。通过热虹吸效应带走液体,其连同蒸发的部分在蒸发通道的顶端排出,并被送回至液浴。因此,塔顶冷凝器15是在蒸发侧作为浴式蒸发器构造的。
由回流通道的顶端,经由外侧头(lateral header),以气态排出粗氩流n,并在中间位置送至纯氩塔6。纯氩塔6的塔顶冷凝器16在该实施例中是以传统方式在液化侧构造的,即纯氩塔6的塔顶气流o从上向下流过液化通道。(替代性地,纯氩塔6的塔顶冷凝器16和/或主冷凝器12也可以作为回流冷凝器构造。)由纯氩塔6的塔顶冷凝器16排出残余气流p,及在该实施例中排放至大气(ATM)。替代性地,其可以经由分离的风扇再循环至高压塔1中或低压塔2、3中和/或空气压缩机上游。
纯氩塔6的塔底液体部分地作为流p在塔底蒸发器14中蒸发,在此产生的蒸汽在纯氩塔6中用作上升气体。其余作为液态纯氩产品流q(LAR)排出。
示例性地将空气分离设备100的组件集成在相应的冷箱中,在图1中用短划线显示。在此情况下,A是指设计用于接收高压塔1和低压塔的尾段2的第一冷箱。第二冷箱B可以设计用于接收低压塔的顶段3。在所示的实施例中,第三冷箱C设计用于接收粗氩塔的顶段5。如所述,低压塔的顶段3以及高压塔的顶段5(任选连同纯氩塔6)也可以布置在共用的冷箱中。该冷箱例如可以具有40m的高度。第四冷箱D在所示的实施例中以缩小的方式显示出,例如同样具有40m的高度。
在图2中,更加示意性地显示了根据本发明的另一个实施方案的用于获得氩产品的空气分离设备。在该空气分离设备中,仅显示了塔2至6,相应的连接、泵和热交换器的描述基本上被省略掉了。可以看出,在此,与图1所示不同,粗氩塔的尾段4布置在低压塔的顶段3上方。在该替代性的实施方案中,可以在与图中所示不同的位置划分粗氩塔,条件是这对于根据本发明的布置方式是有针对性的。在此有利的是,可以借助泵18将来自粗氩塔的尾段4及来自低压塔的顶段3的流体作为流n泵送至低压塔的尾段3。这也适用于其中粗氩塔的尾段4和/或顶段5在测量学上至少部分地紧邻低压塔的顶段3布置的替代性布置方式。所有塔区段1至4也可以至少部分地在测量学上彼此紧邻地布置。
在所有所示的情况下,通过将内部构件选入各个塔中(筛盘、包装,其具有不同的密度),可以相应地影响塔的尺寸,并由此可以实现任选存在的其他的结构适应性。

Claims (15)

1.空气分离设备(100),其设计用于通过低温分离经压缩及冷却的进料空气获得含氩产品,其中所述空气分离设备(100)具有高压塔(1)、以多部分方式构造的具有尾段(2)和在空间上与其分离地布置的顶段(3)的低压塔以及以多部分方式构造的具有尾段(4)和在空间上与其分离地布置的顶段(5)的粗氩塔,其中在高压塔(1)中由至少一部分的进料空气获得至少一股氧富集流(d),在低压塔中由至少一部分的氧富集流(d)获得至少一股氩富集流(m),及在粗氩塔中由至少一部分的氩富集流(m)获得至少一股富氩流(n),其特征在于,借助共用的泵(18)将来自低压塔的顶段(3)的下部区域及来自粗氩塔的尾段(4)的下部区域的至少一股液体流(n)送入低压塔的尾段(2)的上部区域中。
2.根据权利要求1的空气分离设备(100),其中粗氩塔的尾段(4)和/或顶段(5)在测量学上至少部分地紧邻低压塔的顶段(3)布置。
3.根据权利要求1的空气分离设备(100),其中粗氩塔的尾段(4)或顶段(5)在测量学上完全位于低压塔的顶段(3)上方布置。
4.根据前述权利要求之一的空气分离设备(100),其中低压塔的尾段(2)在垂直俯视图中紧邻其顶段(3)布置,和/或粗氩塔的尾段(4)在垂直俯视图中紧邻其顶段(5)布置。
5.根据前述权利要求之一的空气分离设备(100),其中高压塔(1)与低压塔的尾段(2)布置在一个冷箱中。
6.根据前述权利要求之一的空气分离设备(100),其中粗氩塔的尾段(4)或顶段(5)与低压塔的顶段(5)布置在一个冷箱中。
7.根据权利要求6的空气分离设备(100),其中至少具有低压塔的尾段(3)或顶段(4)以及粗氩塔的顶段(5)的冷箱借助管道模块连接至空气分离设备(100)的其他组件。
8.根据前述权利要求之一的空气分离设备(100),其中高压塔(1)及低压塔的尾段(2)作为结构单元构造,并且经由主冷凝器(12)以热交换的方式彼此连接。
9.根据前述权利要求之一的空气分离设备(100),其额外地具有纯氩塔(6),其中利用氧富集流(d)冷却纯氩塔的至少一股流体。
10.在根据前述权利要求之一的空气分离设备(100)中通过低温分离经压缩及冷却的进料空气获得含氩产品的方法,其中使用高压塔(1)、以多部分方式构造的具有尾段(2)和在空间上与其分离的顶段(3)的低压塔以及以多部分方式构造的具有尾段(4)和在空间上与其分离的顶段(5)的粗氩塔,其中在高压塔(1)中由至少一部分的进料空气获得至少一股氧富集流(d),在低压塔中由至少一部分的氧富集流(d)获得至少一股氩富集流(m),及在粗氩塔中由至少一部分的氩富集流(m)获得至少一股富氩流(n),其中借助共用的泵(18)将来自低压塔的顶段(3)的下部区域及来自粗氩塔的尾段(4)的下部区域的至少一股液体流(n)送入低压塔的尾段(2)的上部区域中。
11.根据权利要求10的空气分离设备(100),其中粗氩塔的尾段(4)和/或顶段(5)在测量学上至少部分地紧邻低压塔的顶段(3)布置。
12.根据权利要求10的空气分离设备(100),其中粗氩塔的尾段(4)或顶段(5)在测量学上完全位于低压塔的顶段(3)上方布置。
13.用于构建根据权利要求1至9之一的空气分离设备(100)的方法,其中提供高压塔(1)、以多部分方式构造的具有尾段(2)和顶段(3)的低压塔以及以多部分方式构造的具有尾段(4)和顶段(5)的粗氩塔,其中此外提供共用的泵(18),借助该泵将来自低压塔的顶段(3)的下部区域及来自粗氩塔的尾段(4)的下部区域的至少一股液体流(n)送入低压塔的尾段(2)的上部区域中。
14.根据权利要求13的方法,其中粗氩塔的尾段(4)和/或顶段(5)在测量学上至少部分地紧邻低压塔的顶段(3)布置。
15.根据权利要求13的方法,其中粗氩塔的尾段(4)或顶段(5)在测量学上完全位于低压塔的顶段(3)上方布置。
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