CN113455310A - Sesame mechanized harvesting method - Google Patents
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- CN113455310A CN113455310A CN202110885420.2A CN202110885420A CN113455310A CN 113455310 A CN113455310 A CN 113455310A CN 202110885420 A CN202110885420 A CN 202110885420A CN 113455310 A CN113455310 A CN 113455310A
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- 235000003434 Sesamum indicum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 244000000231 Sesamum indicum Species 0.000 title description 108
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000207961 Sesamum Species 0.000 claims abstract 48
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- JLIDBLDQVAYHNE-YKALOCIXSA-N (+)-Abscisic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)/C=C(/C)\C=C\[C@@]1(O)C(C)=CC(=O)CC1(C)C JLIDBLDQVAYHNE-YKALOCIXSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- FCRACOPGPMPSHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N desoxyabscisic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C(C)C=CC1C(C)=CC(=O)CC1(C)C FCRACOPGPMPSHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CCCl UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004690 coupled electron pair approximation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005630 Diquat Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- SYJFEGQWDCRVNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N diquat Chemical compound C1=CC=[N+]2CC[N+]3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SYJFEGQWDCRVNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005562 Glyphosate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XDDAORKBJWWYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyphosate Chemical compound OC(=O)CNCP(O)(O)=O XDDAORKBJWWYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940097068 glyphosate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035613 defoliation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 241001164374 Calyx Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 241001573881 Corolla Species 0.000 description 1
- 101001018064 Homo sapiens Lysosomal-trafficking regulator Proteins 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D91/00—Methods for harvesting agricultural products
- A01D91/04—Products growing above the soil
Abstract
The invention discloses a mechanical sesame harvesting method, which belongs to the technical field of agriculture and comprises the following steps: step one, seed selection and preparation; step two, land selection and land preparation; step three, timely sowing, namely mechanically sowing the sesame seeds obtained in the step 1 to obtain a sowed sesame field; step four, fertilizing; step five, thinning and final singling, namely thinning and final singling the sesame seeds obtained in the step four; step six, intertillage weeding and hilling; step seven, topdressing and watering to obtain the managed sesame seedlings; step eight, timely topping; step nine, ripening; step ten, mechanized harvesting. According to the invention, the yield of the sesame is improved through fine cultivation, the sesame is promoted to be uniformly ripe by applying the ripener, and the sesame is suitable for mechanized operation, so that the labor intensity is reduced, the labor efficiency is improved, the loss of mechanized harvesting is reduced, the yield after mechanical harvesting is improved to a certain extent, the moisture content of the sesame is reduced after applying the ripener, the sesame is easier to store, the fat content is higher, and the quality is better.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and relates to a mechanical sesame harvesting method.
Background
Sesame (scientific name: Sesamum indicum L.) is an annual upright herb of the family sessileaceae. Up to 150 cm high, branched or unbranched, hollow or with white medulla, slightly hairy. The leaves are rectangular or oval, the middle leaves are provided with tooth notches, and the upper leaves are close to the whole edge; uniflower or axillary. The calyx cleft pieces are needle-shaped, the corolla is cylindrical, and the calyx cleft pieces are white and often have mauve or yellow colored halos. The ovary is superior, the capsule is rectangular, and the seeds are divided into black and white.
Introduction:
sesame is an important oil crop, China is one of world sesame main producing countries, the planting area is 1200 mu per thousand year, and the area and the total yield account for about 15% and 20% of the world. Meanwhile, China is the biggest export country of sesame commodities in the world, the annual export amount reaches 10-15 ten thousand tons, and the sesame commodity accounts for 1/3 of the whole international market trading volume. Although the sesame breeding and yield per unit level in China is the world leader, the sesame harvesting in China basically adopts manual operation as the main mode, and the traditional manual mode causes great labor investment in sesame production, high labor intensity and low efficiency. This is also one of the causes of the gradual decrease of the sesame area in the whole country. At present, in the development of sesame in the world, how to reduce labor intensity, implement mechanized operation and accelerate the industrial development of sesame again is an important subject for researches of sesame researchers at home and abroad, besides further improving yield and quality. Sesame has the habit of unlimited capsule opening, and the capsule maturation time of each part of the plant is extremely asynchronous. The harvesting of the sesame by the machine is completed once by harvesting, impurity discharging and seed discharging, for example, the harvesting of the sesame is too early, the dry matter accumulation of capsules at the upper part of stems and branches is seriously insufficient, and green capsules are easy to be crushed or wrapped in capsule shells to be not removed when the harvesting of the sesame is in the machine, so that great loss is caused; after harvest, capsules are mature and split, so that serious loss of falling particles is caused, and therefore, ripening is required to be performed by using a ripener before harvest.
China is one of the world major sesame producing countries, the planting area is 1200 ten thousand mu, and the area and the total yield account for about 15% and 20% of the world. China is a big country for producing sesame, and sesame plays a very important role in oil production in China, and research and application technologies of chemical ripeners on sesame are discussed to promote sesame to be mature uniformly and enable sesame to adapt to mechanical operation, so that labor intensity is reduced, labor efficiency is improved, loss of mechanical harvesting is reduced, and scientific basis is provided for large-scale operation of sesame. Has certain value for stabilizing and enlarging the planting area of the sesame and ensuring the effective supply of oil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sesame mechanized harvesting method, which provides a sesame cultivation mode, a ripener application time and method, and a mechanical harvesting evaluation method.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a mechanical sesame harvesting method comprises the following steps:
firstly, screening sesame seeds, selecting sesame seeds with bright appearance and color, full shape and uniform seed size and shape and with the germination rate higher than 95%, and then sterilizing the sesame seeds to obtain the prepared high-quality sesame seeds.
And step two, selecting land and preparing land, selecting soil suitable for cultivation according to local natural environment conditions and actual environment conditions, and selecting sandy loam and light loam which are high in terrain, good in drainage and good in permeability. The soil is finely ploughed and finely cultivated, so that the soil has sufficient bottom soil moisture and good permeability, the upper part of the plough layer is deficient and the lower part is full, and the surface soil is flat, fine and clean.
Sowing in due time, wherein the sowing time of the spring sesame is from late 4 months to early 5 months, and the sowing time of the summer sesame is from late 5 months to early june; and (3) mechanically drilling on the land obtained in the step two, and mechanically sowing the sesame seeds obtained in the step 1 according to the row spacing of 40cm, the plant spacing of 15cm and the sowing depth of 2-3cm to obtain the sowed sesame land.
And step four, fertilizing, namely watering the sesame seeds at the stage from sowing to non-emergence according to the actual weather conditions, and then fertilizing after the sesame seeds come out of the ground for 3-5cm, wherein 30 kg of base fertilizer compound fertilizer (the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are all more than 15%) is applied to each mu of land to obtain the fertilized sesame seeds.
Step five, thinning and final singling, thinning the sesame seedlings obtained in the step four, and thinning when the first true leaves (cross) appear; and (4) fixing seedlings when second to third pairs of true leaves appear, removing weak seedlings and diseased seedlings, and reserving strong seedlings, wherein the reserved seedlings are uniform and no double seedlings are reserved in drill sowing.
And step six, intertillage weeding and ridging, wherein shallow intertillage is combined once when the first pair of true leaves appears, and intertillage is performed once in each of 2-3 pairs of true leaves and branch stages. In addition, it must be removed after rain. In the middle and later period, proper earthing is realized by combining intertillage, but the roots are not damaged.
And step seven, topdressing and watering, wherein about 10 kg of urea is topdressed per mu in the bud flowering period, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed for 1-2 times after the flowers are contained, water is sufficiently supplied when the flowers bloom to the capsule stage, and water is irrigated and drained at every day in rainy seasons to obtain the managed sesame seedlings.
And step eight, timely topping, wherein the optimal period for topping the sesame is 7-10 days after the full-bloom period of the sesame, or 21-24 days after the initial bloom period.
And step nine, ripening, namely selecting a windless or breezy sunny day 10-12 days before the sesame is normally ripened, spraying 0.5% glyphosate and 0.15% ABA (abscisic acid) or spraying 0.3% diquat with low concentration and 0.5% CEPA (ethylene ripener) to ripen the sesame seedlings obtained in the step 7 at the time of 9-11 am, wherein the lowest temperature is not lower than 15.6 ℃, and spraying the low-concentration 0.3% diquat and 0.5% CEPA (ethylene ripener) at higher humidity to ripen the sesame seedlings to obtain sesame seedlings with consistent ripening.
Step ten, mechanized harvesting, wherein the defoliation rate obtained in the step eight is more than 95%, the stem is yellow, sesame capsules are yellow and cracked, the capsules at the lower part, the middle part and the upper part of a plant basically reach mature and consistent sesame seedlings, the mechanized harvesting is carried out, the breakage rate of sesame seeds is below 1%, the impurity rate is below 10%, the total loss rate of the seeds is below 15%, the water content of the harvested sesame is below 6.2%, the fat content is about 53%, and the yield is more than 150kg, so that the mechanized harvesting method for the sesame is completed.
Preferably, the germination rate of the sesame seeds in the first step is not less than 95%.
Preferably, the sowing time of the sesame in the spring of the third step is from late 4 months to early 5 months, and the sowing time of the sesame in the summer is from late 5 months to early june; the row spacing is 40cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, and the sowing depth is 2-3 cm.
Preferably, 30 kilograms of base fertilizer compound fertilizer (the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are all more than 15 percent) is applied to each mu in the fourth step.
Preferably, about 10 kg of urea is additionally applied to each mu in the bud flowering period in the seventh step, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be applied for 1-2 times after the flowers are contained.
Preferably, in the ninth step, in a sunny day 10-12 days before the sesame is normally ripe, 0.5% glyphosate + 0.15% ABA (abscisic acid) is sprayed at 9-11 am, or 7-9 days before the sesame is normally ripe, the lowest air temperature is not lower than 15.6 ℃, and low-concentration 0.3% diquat + 0.5% CEPA (ethylene ripener) is sprayed at a higher humidity.
Preferably, after the mechanical harvesting is carried out in the step ten, the breakage rate of sesame seeds is below 1%, the impurity rate is below 10%, the total loss rate of the seeds is below 15%, the water content of the harvested sesame is below 6.2%, the fat content is about 53%, and the yield is above 150 kg.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a sesame mechanized harvesting method, which improves the sesame yield through fine cultivation, promotes sesame to be uniformly mature by applying a ripener, and enables sesame to adapt to mechanized operation, thereby reducing labor intensity, improving labor efficiency, reducing loss of mechanized harvesting, improving yield after mechanical harvesting to a certain extent, reducing water content of sesame after applying the ripener, being easier to store, having higher fat content and better quality.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
Firstly, selecting and preparing seeds, screening the sesame seeds, selecting sesame seeds which are bright in appearance and color, full in shape and uniform in size and shape and have a germination rate higher than 95%, and then sterilizing the sesame seeds to obtain prepared high-quality sesame seeds; and secondly, selecting land and preparing land, selecting soil suitable for cultivation according to local natural environment conditions and actual environment conditions, and selecting sandy loam and light loam which are high in terrain, dry in drainage and good in permeability. Fine ploughing and fine planting of soil to ensure that the soil has enough bottom soil moisture and good permeability, the upper part of a plough layer is deficient and the lower part is solid, and the surface soil is flat, fine and clean; then sowing in due time, wherein the sowing time is 4 months and 25 days; and (3) mechanically drilling on the land obtained in the step (II), and mechanically sowing the sesame seeds obtained in the step (1) according to the row spacing of 40cm, the plant spacing of 15cm and the sowing depth of 3cm to obtain the sowed sesame land. Then fertilizing, watering is carried out at the stage from sowing sesame to non-emergence according to the actual weather conditions, then fertilizing is carried out when sesame seedlings come out of the ground for 3cm, and 30 kg of base fertilizer compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium 17: 17: 17) is applied to each mu of land to obtain the fertilized sesame seedlings; thinning and final singling, thinning the sesame seeds obtained in the step four, and thinning when the first pair of true leaves (cross) appears; and (4) fixing seedlings when second to third pairs of true leaves appear, removing weak seedlings and diseased seedlings, and reserving strong seedlings, wherein the reserved seedlings are uniform and no double seedlings are reserved in drill sowing. Then intertillage weeding and ridging are carried out, and the first pair of true leaves is intertillage once in combination with thinning and shallow intertillage once, and the 2 pairs of true leaves and branch stage are intertillage once respectively. In addition, it must be removed after rain. In the middle and later period, proper earthing is realized by combining intertillage, but the roots are not damaged. Then topdressing and watering, topdressing 10 kg of urea per mu in the bud flowering period, spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 2 times after full bloom, fully supplying water when the flowers bloom to the capsule stage, and watering and draining waterlogging as required to obtain managed sesame seedlings; and (3) then ripening, wherein the sesame seedlings obtained in the step (7) are ripened by spraying low-concentration 0.3% diquat and 0.5% CEPA (ethylene ripener) when the lowest temperature is not lower than 15.6 ℃ and the humidity is higher 7 days before the sesame are normally ripened, so that the sesame seedlings with consistent ripening are obtained. And finally, mechanically harvesting, wherein the defoliation rate is more than 95 percent, the stem is yellow, the sesame capsule is yellow and cracked, the capsules at the lower part, the middle part and the upper part of the plant basically reach mature and consistent sesame seedlings, the mechanical harvesting is implemented, the breakage rate of the sesame seeds is 0.71 percent, the impurity rate is 6.8 percent, the total loss rate of the seeds is 8.2 percent, the water content of the harvested sesame is 5.4 percent, the fat content is 56.3 percent, and the yield per mu is 192.6kg, so that the mechanical harvesting method for the sesame is completed.
Example 2
Firstly, selecting and preparing seeds, screening the sesame seeds, selecting sesame seeds which are bright in appearance and color, full in shape and uniform in size and shape and have a germination rate higher than 95%, and then sterilizing the sesame seeds to obtain prepared high-quality sesame seeds; and secondly, selecting land and preparing land, selecting soil suitable for cultivation according to local natural environment conditions and actual environment conditions, and selecting sandy loam and light loam which are high in terrain, dry in drainage and good in permeability. Fine ploughing and fine planting of soil to ensure that the soil has enough bottom soil moisture and good permeability, the upper part of a plough layer is deficient and the lower part is solid, and the surface soil is flat, fine and clean; then sowing in due time, wherein the sowing time is 5 months and 27 days; and (5) mechanically drilling on the land obtained in the step two, and mechanically sowing the sesame seeds obtained in the step 1 according to the row spacing of 40cm, the plant spacing of 15cm and the sowing depth of 2cm to obtain the sowed sesame land. Then fertilizing, watering is carried out at the stage from sowing sesame to non-emergence according to the actual weather conditions, then fertilizing is carried out when sesame seedlings come out of the ground for 4cm, and 30 kg of base fertilizer compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium 17: 17: 17) is applied to each mu of land to obtain the fertilized sesame seedlings; thinning and final singling, thinning the sesame seeds obtained in the step four, and thinning when the first pair of true leaves (cross) appears; and (4) fixing seedlings when second to third pairs of true leaves appear, removing weak seedlings and diseased seedlings, and reserving strong seedlings, wherein the reserved seedlings are uniform and no double seedlings are reserved in drill sowing. Then intertillage weeding and ridging are carried out, and the first pair of true leaves is intertillage once in combination with thinning and shallow intertillage once, and the 2 pairs of true leaves and branch stage are intertillage once respectively. In addition, it must be removed after rain. In the middle and later period, proper earthing is realized by combining intertillage, but the roots are not damaged. Then topdressing and watering, topdressing 10 kg of urea per mu in the bud flowering period, spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 1 time after full bloom, fully supplying water when the flowering reaches the capsule stage, and watering and draining waterlogging in a day to obtain managed sesame seedlings; and (3) ripening, selecting a sunny day without wind or breeze 10 days before the sesame is normally ripened, and spraying 0.5% (41% glyphosate and 0.15% ABA (abscisic acid) to ripen the sesame seedlings obtained in the step (7) at 9-11 am to obtain sesame seedlings with uniform ripening. And finally, mechanically harvesting, wherein the leaf removal rate is more than 95 percent, the stem is yellow, the sesame capsule is yellow and cracked, the capsules at the lower part, the middle part and the upper part of the plant basically reach mature and consistent sesame seedlings, the mechanical harvesting is implemented, the breakage rate of the sesame seeds is 0.64 percent, the impurity rate is 6.3 percent, the total loss rate of the seeds is 7.8 percent, the water content of the harvested sesame is 4.8 percent, the fat content is 54.1 percent, and the yield per mu is 163.7kg, so that the mechanical harvesting method for the sesame is completed.
Comparative example
The breakage rate of sesame seeds obtained by the traditional sesame mechanical harvesting is 3.2%, the impurity rate is 16.5%, the total loss rate of the seeds is 20.4%, the water content of the sesame after harvesting is 12.3%, the fat content is 51.3%, the yield per mu is 142.6kg,
the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions that can be obviously obtained by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A sesame mechanized harvesting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, screening sesame seeds, selecting sesame seeds with bright appearance and color, full shape and uniform seed size and shape and with the germination rate higher than 95%, and then sterilizing the sesame seeds to obtain prepared high-quality sesame seeds;
selecting land and preparing land, selecting soil suitable for cultivation according to local natural environment conditions and actual environment conditions, and selecting sandy loam and light loam which are high in terrain, good in drainage and good in permeability; fine ploughing and fine planting of soil to ensure that the soil has enough bottom soil moisture and good permeability, the upper part of a plough layer is deficient and the lower part is solid, and the surface soil is flat, fine and clean;
sowing in due time, wherein the sowing time of the spring sesame is from late 4 months to early 5 months, and the sowing time of the summer sesame is from late 5 months to early june; mechanically drilling on the land obtained in the step two, and mechanically sowing the sesame seeds obtained in the step 1 according to the row spacing of 40cm, the plant spacing of 15cm and the sowing depth of 2-3cm to obtain the sowed sesame land;
step four, fertilizing, namely watering the sesame seeds at the stage from sowing to non-emergence according to the actual weather conditions, fertilizing after the sesame seeds come out 3-5cm, and fertilizing 30 kg of base fertilizer compound fertilizer per mu to obtain the fertilized sesame seeds;
step five, thinning and final singling are carried out on the sesame seeds obtained in the step four, and thinning is carried out when the first pair of true leaves appear; fixing seedlings when second to third pairs of true leaves appear, removing weak seedlings and diseased seedlings, and reserving strong seedlings, wherein the reserved seedlings are uniform and no double seedlings are reserved in drill sowing;
step six, intertillage weeding and ridging, wherein the first pair of true leaves is intertillage shallow once in combination with thinning, and the first pair of true leaves is intertillage once in each of 2-3 pairs of true leaves and branch periods; in addition, the rain is removed; in the middle and later period, proper hilling is combined with intertillage, but roots are not damaged;
step seven, topdressing and watering, namely topdressing 10 kg of urea per mu in the bud flowering period, spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 1-2 times after full bloom, fully supplying water when the flowers bloom to the capsule stage, and watering and draining stagnant water in rainy seasons when the flowers bloom to obtain managed sesame seedlings;
step eight, topping timely, wherein the optimal period of topping of the sesame is 7-10 days after the full-bloom period of the sesame, or 21-24 days after the initial bloom period;
ripening, namely selecting a windless or breezy sunny day 10-12 days before the sesame is normally ripened, spraying 0.5% glyphosate and 0.15% ABA (abscisic acid) or 7-9 days before the sesame is normally ripened at 9-11 am, spraying low-concentration 0.3% diquat and 0.5% CEPA (CePA) at the lowest temperature of not less than 15.6 ℃ and the higher humidity to ripen the sesame seedlings obtained in the step 7 to obtain sesame seedlings with consistent ripening;
and step ten, mechanically harvesting, and step nine, obtaining sesame seedlings with the defoliation rate of more than 95%, yellowing stems, yellowing and cracking of sesame capsules, and basically achieving the consistent maturity of capsules below, in and above plants, implementing mechanical harvesting, wherein the breakage rate of sesame seeds is below 1%, the impurity rate is below 10%, the total loss rate of the seeds is below 15%, the water content of the harvested sesame is below 6.2%, the fat content is 53%, and the yield is above 150kg, so that the mechanical harvesting method of the sesame is completed.
2. The mechanical sesame harvesting method according to claim 1, wherein the germination rate of the sesame in the first step is not less than 95%.
3. The mechanical sesame harvesting method according to claim 1, wherein the sowing time of the sesame in spring in the third step is from late April to early April from late April to late April, and the sowing time of the sesame in summer is from late April to late April; the row spacing is 40cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, and the sowing depth is 2-3 cm.
4. The mechanical harvesting method of sesame according to claim 1, characterized in that 30 kg of base fertilizer compound fertilizer is applied per mu in the four steps.
5. The mechanical harvesting method of sesame according to claim 1, wherein in the seventh step, 10 kg of urea is additionally applied to each mu of land in the bud flowering period, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed for 1-2 times after flourishing.
6. The mechanical sesame harvesting method according to claim 1, wherein in the ninth step, windless or breezy sunny days are selected 10-12d before the sesame normally ripens, 0.5% glyphosate + 0.15% ABA or 7-9d before the sesame normally ripens are sprayed at 9-11 am, the lowest air temperature is not lower than 15.6 ℃, and low-concentration 0.3% diquat + 0.5% CEPA are sprayed at higher humidity.
7. The mechanical sesame harvesting method according to claim 1, wherein after the mechanical harvesting in the step ten, the breakage rate of sesame seeds is below 1%, the impurity rate is below 10%, the total loss rate of the seeds is below 15%, the moisture content of the harvested sesame is below 6.2%, the fat content is 53%, and the yield is above 150 kg.
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| CN108029461A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-05-15 | 山东棉花研究中心 | A kind of wheat stubble sesame gently simplifies implantation methods |
| CN108184886A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-06-22 | 山东棉花研究中心 | A kind of sesame defoliation ripening agent and its method of administration |
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| CN108029461A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-05-15 | 山东棉花研究中心 | A kind of wheat stubble sesame gently simplifies implantation methods |
| CN108184886A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-06-22 | 山东棉花研究中心 | A kind of sesame defoliation ripening agent and its method of administration |
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