CN113383685A - Pea seedling and planting method thereof - Google Patents

Pea seedling and planting method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113383685A
CN113383685A CN202110742526.7A CN202110742526A CN113383685A CN 113383685 A CN113383685 A CN 113383685A CN 202110742526 A CN202110742526 A CN 202110742526A CN 113383685 A CN113383685 A CN 113383685A
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water
weight
seedling
parts
cotton
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戴诗银
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Hunan Mengya Vegetable Industry Co ltd
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Hunan Mengya Vegetable Industry Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach 
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/27—Pulp, e.g. bagasse
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
    • A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses pea seedlings and a planting method thereof, the pea seedlings are obtained by seed soaking, sowing, pregermination, dark treatment, illumination culture and final harvesting, wherein seed soaking liquid containing components such as chitosan, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, plant extracts, water and the like is adopted to soak seeds, so that the germination rate of the seeds is improved. The pea seedlings are rich in nutrition and are rich in vitamins, anthocyanin and the like.

Description

Pea seedling and planting method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pea seedling planting, and particularly relates to a pea seedling and a planting method thereof.
Background
The pea seedling is a green leaf vegetable which is eaten by taking tender stems and leaves and tender tips of vegetables and peas, is rich in nutrition, contains various amino acids, vitamins and the like which are necessary for human bodies, and is fragrant, tasty, refreshing, greasy-removing and appetizing. However, the hard seeds of peas are impervious, slow in germination and easy to rot and rot in the cultivation process, the problem of low germination rate exists, and the yield and quality of peas are easily affected. Chinese patent CN106106082A discloses a method for soilless culture of pea seedlings, which comprises soaking peas in water, sorting, and uniformly spreading on black plastic rows covered with newspaper; cultivating at normal temperature for 6-8 days, watering for 2-4 times per day, and harvesting. The black plastic row covered with the newspaper is prepared by covering a layer of newspaper on the black plastic row, arranging small convex columns on the black plastic row, overlapping the newspaper on the small convex columns, and sprinkling water on the newspaper until the newspaper is thoroughly wetted. The method is simple and easy to operate, has low possibility of root rot, and can be used for replacing soil cultivation. But the germination rate of pea seeds and the quality of pea seedlings still need to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a pea seedling and a planting method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the pea seedling planting method comprises the following steps:
b1 seed soaking: the method comprises the steps of taking peas with full grains, smooth and undamaged skins and no damage, moth damage and mildew as seed beans, soaking the seed beans in a soaking liquid with a bath ratio of 1kg (2.5-5) L at 25-30 ℃, carrying out ultrasonic treatment with power of 230-280W and frequency of 28-36kHz for 12-18h, and then taking out the seed beans; ultrasonically cleaning the seed beans for 15-25min by using water at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, wherein the power is 260-340W and the frequency is 32-37kHz, and then fishing out and draining to obtain seed beans subjected to seed soaking treatment; the bath ratio of the seed beans to water is 1kg (1.5-3) L;
b2 sowing: at a rate of 3-4.2kg/m2The seeding quantity of the seed beans is that the seed beans after being soaked are sowed in seedling plates, then 10-15 seedling plates are stacked to form a group, and the spacing height between every two seedling plates is 9-15 cm; seedling raising substrates with the thickness of 1.5-3cm are paved in the seedling raising plate;
b3 pregermination: accelerating germination for 1-2d at 25-30 deg.C and humidity of 90-95%;
b4 dark treatment: setting up a culture shelf with the height of 1.5-2.5m and the interlayer spacing of 30-50cm in a dark and lightless greenhouse, placing the germinated pea seedlings and a seedling tray on the culture shelf, and culturing for 1-2 days at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ and the humidity of 90-95%;
b5 light culture: performing illumination culture for 8-12d at 25-30 deg.C and humidity of 90-95% with LED light source for 12-14h/d, and spraying growth liquid every 7-9 h; the spraying amount of the growth liquid is 400-600mL per kilogram of beans;
b6 harvest: the pea seedlings are collected, put into a freshness protection bag filled with nitrogen and refrigerated at the temperature of 1-4 ℃.
The preparation method of the seed soaking liquid comprises the following steps:
mixing 85-95 parts by weight of chitosan, 60-70 parts by weight of urea, 35-45 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 7500-8500 parts by weight of water, and homogenizing at 20-30 ℃ and 10000-12000rpm for 2-4min to obtain the seed soaking liquid.
Preferably, the preparation method of the seed soaking liquid comprises the following steps:
mixing 85-95 parts by weight of chitosan, 60-70 parts by weight of urea, 35-45 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10-20 parts by weight of plant extract and 7500-8500 parts by weight of water, and homogenizing at 20-30 ℃ at 10000-12000rpm for 2-4min to obtain the seed soaking liquid.
The preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps:
mixing the dried pinus massoniana lamb and the camphor flower according to the mass ratio of (1-3) to (1), crushing, and sieving with a 50-100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixed material I; adding a mixed material I into water with the temperature of 50-60 ℃ to soak for 0.5-1h, wherein the bath ratio of the mixed material I to the water (1-2) kg: 10L; adding alginic acid and glycerol, mixing uniformly, and performing microwave extraction for 1-3h at 70-80 ℃ and 500W under the conditions of 300-; centrifuging, collecting supernatant, and concentrating to 30-50% of original volume.
The preparation method of the seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
mixing wood chips, cassava residues, corn straws, dry chicken manure, composite soil and negative ion slow-release particles according to the mass ratio of (1-5): 7-14): 18-30): 2-6, and stirring at the rotating speed of 30-200rpm for 5-15min to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
The composite soil is at least two of black soil, brown soil and rice soil; preferably, the composite soil is a mixture of black soil, brown soil and rice soil in a mass ratio of (1-5) to (1-5).
The power of the LED light source is 70-90W, the red-blue ratio is (1-7) (1-9), the red light wavelength is 645-649nm, and the blue light wavelength is 452-459 nm; the red light LED light sources and the blue light LED light sources are respectively and uniformly distributed at the top end of the culture shelf, and the number of the red light LED light sources and the blue light LED light sources is 50-70/m2The illumination intensity of each of the red LED light source and the blue LED light source is 110--2·s-1。
The preparation method of the growth liquid comprises the following steps:
mixing 35-45 parts by weight of magnesium gluconate, 45-55 parts by weight of ferrous sulfate, 40-60 parts by weight of anhydrous copper sulfate, 40-62 parts by weight of zinc citrate, 85-115 parts by weight of ammonium molybdate, 60-90 parts by weight of urea, 180-210 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate, 13-25 parts by weight of humic acid and 7500-8600 parts by weight of water, and homogenizing at 20-30 ℃ at the rotation speed of 10000-12000rpm for 1-5min to obtain the growth solution.
The negative ions have obvious effects of improving and stimulating various biological physiological activities, but people do not find that the negative ions are utilized to promote the growth and development of the pea seedlings in the prior art, so the invention aims to provide the slow-release particles capable of releasing the high-concentration negative ions for cultivating the pea seedlings.
When the cotton fiber is contacted with tourmaline powder, the tourmaline is further excited to generate richer negative ions due to slight mechanical friction, and the negative ions can promote the growth and development of pea seedlings. The invention adopts the aqueous solution of betaine, sodium acetate and potassium hydroxide to degrease cotton, wherein the quaternary ammonium structure of the betaine and acetate can be combined to protect the fiber toughness and strength of the cotton, and the phenomenon of excessive pilling of the cotton in the subsequent treatment process can also be avoided. According to the invention, diethyl sulfate and mastic oil are combined to modify the degreased cotton, wherein mastic oil has common sterilization and mildew inhibition effects (harmful microorganisms can be avoided from generating adverse effects on the growth and development of pea seedlings), long carbon chains and ester-based structures in mastic oil can be crosslinked with cotton fibers so as to enhance the toughness and mechanical strength of cotton, and the wettability of the cotton fibers and inorganic substances can be improved, so that kaolin and tourmaline powder in the negative ion slow-release particles can be more uniformly distributed to form the slow-release particles with better lasting performance; in addition, sulfur atoms in the diethyl sulfate can also enhance the adsorption capacity to inorganic salts, namely kaolin and tourmaline powder, in a strong charge attraction manner, so that the service reliability of the sustained-release particles is improved. Oxygen-containing heterocyclic and aldehyde-group structures in furfural can improve charge distribution in wool fibers but can slightly weaken the mechanical strength of wool, CH in 2, 5-furandimethanol2OH can improve the mechanical strength of wool and simultaneously promote the charge distribution capacity of furfural modified wool fiber surfaces, so that the wool fiber is modified by compounding the OH and the furfural, the adsorption, fixation and pinning effects of kaolin and tourmaline powder on wool can be enhanced, the persistence and the reliability of the slow-release particles are greatly enhanced, the anion generation capacity of the slow-release particles is ensured, the growth environment of the pea seedlings is improved, and the content of nutrient substances of the pea seedlings is increased. The invention adopts an electrifying mode to treat wool fibers, and the negative potential centers of sulfur element in diethyl sulfate and oxygen element in furfural and 2, 5-furandimethanol can be generated under the electrifying conditionAnd at the moment, the attraction of inorganic substances, namely kaolin and tourmaline powder, is greatly enhanced, so that the adsorption, pinning and dispersion effects of the tourmaline powder in the kaolin/wool wadding system are enhanced, the service reliability of the slow-release particles is enhanced, and the problem that the content concentration of the tourmaline powder is reduced to lose efficacy due to the phenomena of slag falling and ash falling in the storage and transportation processes is avoided. Besides the conventional dispersing effect, the long carbon chain structure and the electronegativity of calcium ions of the calcium stearate can enhance the winding, adsorption and pinning effects between tourmaline powder, wool and kaolin, can enhance the service lasting ability of the slow-release particles, and generate unexpected technical effects.
The preparation method of the negative ion sustained-release particles comprises the following steps:
mixing modified cotton wool, kaolin, bagasse, tourmaline powder, silane and calcium stearate according to the mass ratio of (5-8): 9-18): 12-16): 3-6): 1-3): 0.5-1, putting the mixture into a mixer, and blending the mixture for 20-30min at the rotating speed of 800 plus material rpm at 75-80 ℃ to obtain the negative ion slow-release particles.
The silane is at least one of hexamethyldisiloxane, vinyltrimethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane; preferably, the silane is a mixture of hexamethyldisiloxane, vinyltrimethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane in a mass ratio of (1-7) to (2-9).
The preparation method of the modified cotton wool comprises the following steps:
p1 soaking cotton in degreasing solution at 80-90 deg.C at bath ratio of 1kg (12-18) L, and treating with ultrasonic wave at power of 380-420W and frequency of 38-42kHz for 4-6 h;
p2 washing cotton treated by P1 with water at 70-77 deg.C and draining off surface water; the bath ratio of the cotton to the water is 1kg (18-25) L, and the washing flow rate is 0.5-1.5L/min;
p3 soaking the cotton treated by P2 in a bath ratio of 1kg (8-12) L in a treatment solution at 70-75 ℃ and introducing a current with the current magnitude of 1.6-2.1A for 3-5 h;
p4 drying the cotton treated by P3 at 75-83 deg.C and 82-88kPa for 4-6 h;
p5 pulverizing the cotton treated with P4 to obtain said modified cotton wool having a fiber length of less than 13-15 mm.
The degreasing solution is obtained by mixing 0.8-1.4 mass percent (1.8-2.4 mass percent) mass percent (3.5-5 mass percent) mass percent (32-40 mass percent) of betaine, sodium acetate, potassium hydroxide and water.
The treatment fluid is prepared by mixing a synergist, mastic oil, ethyl acetate, diethyl sulfate, absolute ethyl alcohol and water according to a mass ratio of (0.5-1.5), (2-4), (7-9), (4-6), (8-10), (12-18) and homogenizing at the rotating speed of 10000-14000rpm at 20-30 ℃ for 3-6 min.
The synergist is at least one of furfural and 2, 5-furandimethanol; preferably, the synergist is a mixture of furfural and 2, 5-furandimethanol in a mass ratio of (1-5) to (1-5); most preferably, the synergist is a mixture of furfural and 2, 5-furandimethanol in a mass ratio of 2: 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the pea seedlings are rich in nutrition and are rich in vitamins, anthocyanin and the like. In the planting process, the adopted seedling raising matrix contains negative ion slow-release particles, so that a large amount of negative ions can be released, and the growth, development and quality of pea seedlings are benefited.
Detailed Description
The above summary of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but it should not be understood that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples.
Introduction of some raw materials in this application:
pea: pisum sativum Linn, variety: the branch of academic or vocational study No. 6, purchase in Shuyang Junling nursery stock garden, the germination percentage: 98%, variety purity: 100 percent.
Chitosan, CAS: 9012-76-4, available from sahn chemical technology (shanghai) ltd, cat # n: e0801945000, the deacetylation degree is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the viscosity is as follows: 250 mPas.
Wood chips, purchased from Tianjin giris environmental science and technology limited, variety: pine bark, specification: 30mm, organic matter content is more than or equal to 60 percent, and specific surface area is as follows: 250m2/m3The porosity: 62 percent ofBulk density: 140kg/m3。
Cassava residues are purchased from Hua diligent feed limited, Lin \, 384m, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 70%, and the specific surface area is as follows: 180m2/m3The porosity: 50 percent and the water content is less than or equal to 7 percent.
The corn straw is purchased from Funiu straw comprehensive utilization limited company in Henan province, crude protein is more than or equal to 12.9 percent, crude fat content is more than or equal to 2 percent, and water content is less than or equal to 5 percent.
The dried chicken manure is purchased from Kyowa Biotechnology Limited, and contains more than or equal to 1.8% of nitrogen, more than or equal to 1.6% of phosphorus, more than or equal to 0.9% of potassium and more than or equal to 28% of organic matters.
Black soil purchased from Guangcai turfy soil sales places in Qingyuan Manchu autonomous county, and containing the following organic matters: 9%, pH 6, bulk weight: 1.2g/cm3。
Brown soil purchased from Guangcai grass carbon soil sales places in autonomous counties of Qingyuan Manchu province, and organic matter content: 20g/kg, pH 2, bulk weight: 1.3g/cm3。
The paddy soil is purchased from the Guangcai turfy soil sales place in Qingyuan Manchu autonomous county, and has the following organic matter content: 29.2g/kg, pH 6.6.
Humic acid, CAS: 308067-45-0, available from Jinan super Xingxi chemical Co., Ltd.
Kaolin, CAS: 1340-68-7, purchased from Xuanguang mineral processing plant of lingshou county, with particle size: 200 meshes.
Bagasse, purchased from the town of agriculture waste, Yingshu, Wuming county, with particle size: 8mm, and the water content is less than or equal to 10 percent.
Tourmaline powder, available from Shanghai Yunkang New Material science and technology Limited, particle size: 1000 meshes, and meets the regulation of JC/T2012-2010 tourmaline powder.
Hexamethyldisiloxane, CAS: 107-46-0, available from sahn chemical technology (shanghai) ltd, No.: W320004-20L.
Vinyltrimethoxysilane, CAS: 2768-02-7, available from sahn chemical technology (shanghai) ltd, No.: D0600505000.
tetraethoxysilane, CAS: 78-10-4, available from sahn chemical technology (shanghai) ltd, No.: A020302-20L.
Cotton, purchased from euryton felt products factory, south palace, variety: fine cotton wool, fiber length: 25mm, moisture regain less than or equal to 8.5 percent, cargo number: a001, impurity content less than or equal to 3 percent.
Betaine, CAS: 107-43-7, available from sahn chemical technology (shanghai) ltd, No.: B0102445000.
mastic oil, CAS: 8016-36-2, available from Hubei Xin Rundy chemical Co., Ltd, Density: 1.1g/cm3。
Furfural, CAS: 98-01-1, available from sahn chemical technology (shanghai) ltd, No.: a030197-20 kg.
2, 5-furandimethanol, CAS: 1883-75-6, available from carbofuran technologies ltd, product number: OR 46504.
Example 1
The pea seedling planting method comprises the following steps:
b1 seed soaking: the method comprises the following steps of taking peas with full grains, smooth and undamaged skins and without damage, moth damage and mildew as seed beans, soaking the seed beans in a seed soaking liquid at the temperature of 28 ℃ in a bath ratio of 1kg to 3L, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 15 hours at the power of 250W and the frequency of 30kHz, and then fishing out the seed beans; ultrasonically cleaning the seed beans for 20min by using water at the temperature of 28 ℃, taking out the seed beans and draining to obtain seed beans subjected to seed soaking treatment, wherein the power is 300W and the frequency is 35 kHz; the bath ratio of the seed beans to water is 1kg: 2L;
b2 sowing: at a rate of 3.5kg/m2The seed beans after being soaked are sown in seedling plates, then 12 seedling plates are stacked to form a group, and the spacing height between every two seedling plates is 12 cm; seedling raising substrates with the thickness of 2cm are paved in the seedling raising plate;
b3 pregermination: accelerating germination for 2d under the conditions of 27 ℃ and 95% humidity;
b4 dark treatment: building a culture shelf with the height of 2m and the interlayer spacing of 40cm in a dark and lightless greenhouse, placing the germinated pea seedlings and the seedling culture tray on the culture shelf, and culturing for 2d at the temperature of 27 ℃ and the humidity of 95%;
b5 light culture: performing illumination culture for 10d at 27 deg.C and humidity of 95% with LED light source for 14h/d, and spraying growth liquid every 8 h; the spraying amount of the growth liquid is 500mL per kilogram of the beans;
b6 harvest: the pea seedlings are collected, put into a freshness protection bag filled with nitrogen and refrigerated at the temperature of 2 ℃.
The preparation method of the seed soaking liquid comprises the following steps:
90 parts by weight of chitosan, 65 parts by weight of urea, 40 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate and 8000 parts by weight of water were mixed and homogenized at 25 ℃ at a rotation speed of 12000rpm for 3min to obtain the seed soaking liquid.
The power of the LED light source is 80W, the red-blue ratio is 1:3, the red light wavelength is 648nm, and the blue light wavelength is 457 nm; the red light LED light sources and the blue light LED light sources are respectively and uniformly distributed at the top end of the culture frame, and the number of the red light LED light sources and the number of the blue light LED light sources are 60/m2The illumination intensity of each of the red LED light source and the blue LED light source is 130 mu mol.m-2·s-1。
The preparation method of the growth liquid comprises the following steps:
mixing 40 parts by weight of magnesium gluconate, 50 parts by weight of ferrous sulfate, 50 parts by weight of anhydrous copper sulfate, 50 parts by weight of zinc citrate, 110 parts by weight of ammonium molybdate, 80 parts by weight of urea, 200 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate, 15 parts by weight of humic acid and 8000 parts by weight of water, and homogenizing at 25 ℃ at a rotating speed of 12000rpm for 3min to obtain the growth solution.
The preparation method of the seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
mixing the wood chips, the cassava residues, the corn straws, the dried chicken manure, the composite soil and the negative ion slow-release particles according to the mass ratio of 3:3:3:8:20:5, and stirring at the rotating speed of 180rpm for 15min to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
The composite soil is a mixture of black soil, brown soil and rice soil in a mass ratio of 2:1: 3.
The preparation method of the negative ion sustained-release particles comprises the following steps:
mixing modified cotton wool, kaolin, bagasse, tourmaline powder, silane and calcium stearate according to the mass ratio of 7:10:15:6:2:1, putting the mixture into a mixer, and blending the mixture at 80 ℃ and 850rpm for 25min to obtain the negative ion sustained-release particles.
The silane is a mixture of hexamethyldisiloxane, vinyltrimethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane in a mass ratio of 3:2: 5.
The preparation method of the modified cotton wool comprises the following steps:
p1 soaking cotton in degreasing solution at 85 deg.C at bath ratio of 1kg:15L, and treating with ultrasonic wave with power of 400W and frequency of 40kHz for 5 h;
p2 washing the cotton treated with P1 with water at 75 deg.C and draining off the surface water; the bath ratio of the cotton to the water is 1kg to 20L, and the washing flow rate is 1L/min;
p3 soaking cotton treated by P2 in 72 deg.C treatment solution at bath ratio of 1kg:10L, and applying current of 1.82A for 4 hr;
p4 drying the cotton treated with P3 at 80 deg.C and 85kPa for 5 h;
p5 pulverizing the cotton treated with P4 to obtain said modified cotton wool having a fiber length of less than 13 mm.
The degreasing solution is prepared by mixing betaine, sodium acetate, potassium hydroxide and water in a mass ratio of 1:2:4: 35.
The treating fluid is obtained by mixing a synergist, mastic oil, ethyl acetate, diethyl sulfate, absolute ethyl alcohol and water according to a mass ratio of 1:3:8:5:9:15 and homogenizing at 25 ℃ at 14000rpm for 5 min. The synergist is a mixture of furfural and 2, 5-furandimethanol in a mass ratio of 2: 1. The pea seeds of example 1 were counted for germination (germination rate ═ number of germinated seeds/total number of seeds × 100%), and the germination rate was 92.8%.
Example 2
Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the synergist is furfural.
Example 3
Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the synergist is 2, 5-furandimethanol.
Comparative example 1
Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the treatment liquid is obtained by mixing frankincense oil, ethyl acetate, diethyl sulfate, absolute ethyl alcohol and water in a mass ratio of 3:8:5:9:15 and homogenizing at 25 ℃ at 14000rpm for 5 min.
Comparative example 2
Essentially the same as example 1, except that:
the preparation method of the modified cotton wool comprises the following steps:
p1 soaking cotton in degreasing solution at 85 deg.C at bath ratio of 1kg:15L, and treating with ultrasonic wave with power of 400W and frequency of 40kHz for 5 h;
p2 washing the cotton treated with P1 with water at 75 deg.C and draining off the surface water; the bath ratio of the cotton to the water is 1kg to 20L, and the washing flow rate is 1L/min;
p3 soaking cotton treated by P2 in treating solution at 72 deg.C at bath ratio of 1kg:10L, and treating with ultrasonic wave with power of 380W and frequency of 38kHz for 4 h;
p4 drying the cotton treated with P3 at 80 deg.C and 85kPa for 5 h;
p5 pulverizing the cotton treated with P4 to obtain said modified cotton wool having a fiber length of less than 13 mm.
The degreasing solution is prepared by mixing betaine, sodium acetate, potassium hydroxide and water in a mass ratio of 1:2:4: 35.
The treating fluid is obtained by mixing a synergist, mastic oil, ethyl acetate, diethyl sulfate, absolute ethyl alcohol and water according to a mass ratio of 1:3:8:5:9:15 and homogenizing at 25 ℃ at 14000rpm for 5 min.
The synergist is a mixture of furfural and 2, 5-furandimethanol in a mass ratio of 2: 1.
Comparative example 3
Essentially the same as example 1, except that: the degreasing solution is prepared by mixing sodium acetate, potassium hydroxide and water according to the mass ratio of 2:4: 35.
Comparative example 4
Essentially the same as example 1, except that:
the treating fluid is obtained by mixing a synergist, ethyl acetate, diethyl sulfate, absolute ethyl alcohol and water according to a mass ratio of 1:8:5:9:15 and homogenizing at 25 ℃ at 14000rpm for 5 min.
The synergist is a mixture of furfural and 2, 5-furandimethanol in a mass ratio of 2: 1.
Comparative example 5
Essentially the same as example 1, except that:
the preparation method of the negative ion sustained-release particles comprises the following steps:
mixing cotton wool, kaolin, bagasse, tourmaline powder, silane and calcium stearate according to the mass ratio of 7:10:15:6:2:1, putting the mixture into a mixer, and blending the mixture at 80 ℃ and 850rpm for 25min to obtain the negative ion sustained-release particles.
The preparation method of the cotton wool comprises the following steps: and (3) crushing cotton to obtain the cotton wool with the fiber length of less than 13 mm.
The silane is a mixture of hexamethyldisiloxane, vinyltrimethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane in a mass ratio of 3:2: 5.
Comparative example 6
Essentially the same as example 1, except that:
the preparation method of the negative ion sustained-release particles comprises the following steps:
mixing modified cotton wool, kaolin, bagasse, tourmaline powder and silane according to a mass ratio of 7:10:15:6:2, putting the mixture into a mixer, and blending the mixture at 80 ℃ and 850rpm for 25min to obtain the negative ion slow-release particles.
The silane is a mixture of hexamethyldisiloxane, vinyltrimethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane in a mass ratio of 3:2: 5.
The preparation method of the modified cotton wool comprises the following steps:
p1 soaking cotton in degreasing solution at 85 deg.C at bath ratio of 1kg:15L, and treating with ultrasonic wave with power of 400W and frequency of 40kHz for 5 h;
p2 washing the cotton treated with P1 with water at 75 deg.C and draining off the surface water; the bath ratio of the cotton to the water is 1kg to 20L, and the washing flow rate is 1L/min;
p3 soaking cotton treated by P2 in 72 deg.C treatment solution at bath ratio of 1kg:10L, and applying current of 1.82A for 4 hr;
p4 drying the cotton treated with P3 at 80 deg.C and 85kPa for 5 h;
p5 pulverizing the cotton treated with P4 to obtain said modified cotton wool having a fiber length of less than 13 mm.
The degreasing solution is prepared by mixing betaine, sodium acetate, potassium hydroxide and water in a mass ratio of 1:2:4: 35.
The treating fluid is obtained by mixing a synergist, mastic oil, ethyl acetate, diethyl sulfate, absolute ethyl alcohol and water according to a mass ratio of 1:3:8:5:9:15 and homogenizing at 25 ℃ at 14000rpm for 5 min.
Comparative example 7
Essentially the same as example 1, except that:
the preparation method of the seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
mixing the wood chips, the cassava residues, the corn straws, the dried chicken manure and the composite soil according to the mass ratio of 3:3:3:8:20, and stirring at the rotating speed of 180rpm for 15min to obtain the seedling substrate.
The composite soil is a mixture of black soil, brown soil and rice soil in a mass ratio of 2:1: 3.
Example 4
The pea seedling planting method comprises the following steps:
b1 seed soaking: the method comprises the following steps of taking peas with full grains, smooth and undamaged skins and without damage, moth damage and mildew as seed beans, soaking the seed beans in a seed soaking liquid at the temperature of 28 ℃ in a bath ratio of 1kg to 3L, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 15 hours at the power of 250W and the frequency of 30kHz, and then fishing out the seed beans; ultrasonically cleaning the seed beans for 20min by using water at the temperature of 28 ℃, taking out the seed beans and draining to obtain seed beans subjected to seed soaking treatment, wherein the power is 300W and the frequency is 35 kHz; the bath ratio of the seed beans to water is 1kg: 2L;
b2 sowing: at a rate of 3.5kg/m2The seed beans after being soaked are sown in seedling plates, then 12 seedling plates are stacked to form a group, and the spacing height between every two seedling plates is 12 cm; seedling raising substrates with the thickness of 2cm are paved in the seedling raising plate;
b3 pregermination: accelerating germination for 2d under the conditions of 27 ℃ and 95% humidity;
b4 dark treatment: building a culture shelf with the height of 2m and the interlayer spacing of 40cm in a dark and lightless greenhouse, placing the germinated pea seedlings and the seedling culture tray on the culture shelf, and culturing for 2d at the temperature of 27 ℃ and the humidity of 95%;
b5 light culture: performing illumination culture for 10d at 27 deg.C and humidity of 95% with LED light source for 14h/d, and spraying growth liquid every 8 h; the spraying amount of the growth liquid is 500mL per kilogram of the beans;
b6 harvest: the pea seedlings are collected, put into a freshness protection bag filled with nitrogen and refrigerated at the temperature of 2 ℃.
The preparation method of the seed soaking liquid comprises the following steps:
mixing 90 parts by weight of chitosan, 65 parts by weight of urea, 40 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate, 15 parts by weight of plant extract and 8000 parts by weight of water, and homogenizing at 25 ℃ at 12000rpm for 3min to obtain the seed soaking liquid.
The preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps:
mixing sun-dried pinus massoniana lamb and camphor flower according to the mass ratio of 3:1, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixed material I; adding the mixed material I into water at the temperature of 60 ℃ to soak for 0.5h, wherein the bath ratio of the mixed material I to the water is 1kg to 10L; adding alginic acid and glycerol, mixing uniformly, and performing microwave extraction for 1.5h at 75 ℃ under 500W, wherein the mass ratio of the alginic acid to the glycerol to the water is 1:1: 10; centrifuging, collecting supernatant, and concentrating to 35% of original volume. The flowers of Cinnamomum camphora are flowers of Cinnamomum camphora (Linn) Presl; pinus massoniana flower is the flower of Pinus massoniana (Pinus massoniana Lamb).
The power of the LED light source is 80W, the red-blue ratio is 1:3, the red light wavelength is 648nm, and the blue light wavelength is 457 nm; the red light LED light sources and the blue light LED light sources are respectively and uniformly distributed at the top end of the culture frame, and the number of the red light LED light sources and the number of the blue light LED light sources are 60/m2The illumination intensity of each of the red LED light source and the blue LED light source is 130 mu mol.m-2·s-1。
The preparation method of the growth liquid comprises the following steps:
mixing 40 parts by weight of magnesium gluconate, 50 parts by weight of ferrous sulfate, 50 parts by weight of anhydrous copper sulfate, 50 parts by weight of zinc citrate, 110 parts by weight of ammonium molybdate, 80 parts by weight of urea, 200 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate, 15 parts by weight of humic acid and 8000 parts by weight of water, and homogenizing at 25 ℃ at a rotating speed of 12000rpm for 3min to obtain the growth solution.
The preparation method of the seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
mixing the wood chips, the cassava residues, the corn straws, the dried chicken manure, the composite soil and the negative ion slow-release particles according to the mass ratio of 3:3:3:8:20:5, and stirring at the rotating speed of 180rpm for 15min to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
The composite soil is a mixture of black soil, brown soil and rice soil in a mass ratio of 2:1: 3.
The preparation method of the negative ion sustained-release particles comprises the following steps:
mixing modified cotton wool, kaolin, bagasse, tourmaline powder, silane and calcium stearate according to the mass ratio of 7:10:15:6:2:1, putting the mixture into a mixer, and blending the mixture at 80 ℃ and 850rpm for 25min to obtain the negative ion sustained-release particles.
The silane is a mixture of hexamethyldisiloxane, vinyltrimethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane in a mass ratio of 3:2: 5.
The preparation method of the modified cotton wool comprises the following steps:
p1 soaking cotton in degreasing solution at 85 deg.C at bath ratio of 1kg:15L, and treating with ultrasonic wave with power of 400W and frequency of 40kHz for 5 h;
p2 washing the cotton treated with P1 with water at 75 deg.C and draining off the surface water; the bath ratio of the cotton to the water is 1kg to 20L, and the washing flow rate is 1L/min;
p3 soaking cotton treated by P2 in 72 deg.C treatment solution at bath ratio of 1kg:10L, and applying current of 1.82A for 4 hr;
p4 drying the cotton treated with P3 at 80 deg.C and 85kPa for 5 h;
p5 pulverizing the cotton treated with P4 to obtain said modified cotton wool having a fiber length of less than 13 mm. The degreasing solution is prepared by mixing betaine, sodium acetate, potassium hydroxide and water in a mass ratio of 1:2:4: 35. The treating fluid is obtained by mixing a synergist, mastic oil, ethyl acetate, diethyl sulfate, absolute ethyl alcohol and water according to a mass ratio of 1:3:8:5:9:15 and homogenizing at 25 ℃ at 14000rpm for 5 min. The synergist is a mixture of furfural and 2, 5-furandimethanol in a mass ratio of 2: 1. The pea seeds of example 4 were counted for germination (germination rate ═ number of germinated seeds/total number of seeds × 100%), and the germination rate was 97.2%. Example 4 a plant extract prepared from pinus massoniana lamb and cinnamomum camphora flower as raw materials is added to a seed soaking solution, which contains rich active substances such as trace elements, polysaccharides and phytohormones, and the plant extract synergistically acts with other seed soaking solution components to provide nutrition required by seed germination and enhance the vitality of the seeds, and simultaneously regulates the physiological functions of the seeds and improves the germination capacity of the seeds.
Test example 1
And (3) testing the anion generating capacity: the anion generating ability of the anion sustained-release particles obtained in the examples of the present invention was determined with reference to HG/T4109-2009 "anion functional coating".
The test conditions are as follows: temperature in the test chamber: 25 ℃; relative humidity in the test chamber: 30 percent; laboratory cleanliness: GB 50073 and 2013, namely the design specification of clean plants, reach the cleanliness of ten thousand levels; a laboratory adopts a purification power supply which supplies power independently; the computer used in the test cannot enable other applications; violent vibration and noise cannot occur in the laboratory; during the test, the indoor air is prevented from flowing greatly, irrelevant electrical equipment is not started, the electrostatic interference is avoided, and the grounding of the test equipment is good.
The main equipment is as follows: a static method ion test computer system and a grid type ion collector. The sensitive weight of the balance was 0.01 g.
And continuously testing for 24h by using a static method ion tester, recording the change of the test value along with time, and making a change curve of the air negative ion induction quantity along with time.
The amount of negative ions generated (unit is per second per square centimeter, unit/(s-cm)2) Total amount of negative ions in the air (unit is per second per square centimeter, unit/(s cm)2) Background air negative ion amount (unit is each per second per square centimeter, unit/(s cm))2)). The generation amount of negative ions in the air of the test environment is 1213/cm3。
TABLE 1 anion Generation ability of anion sustained-release granules
Figure BDA0003143207990000151
Test example 2
And (3) testing the content of vitamin A: the vitamin A content of pea seedlings obtained according to the examples of the invention was determined according to the first method of GB 5009.82-2016, determination of vitamin A, D, E in national food safety standards. Weighing 5g of homogenized pea seedlings into a 150mL flat-bottomed flask, adding 20mL warm water, uniformly mixing, adding 1g of ascorbic acid and 0.1g of BHT, uniformly mixing, adding 30mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, adding 15mL of potassium hydroxide solution, shaking while adding, shaking uniformly, oscillating in a constant-temperature water bath at 80 ℃ for saponification for 30min, and immediately cooling to room temperature by cold water after saponification. Transferring the saponified solution into 250mL separating funnel with 30mL water, adding 50mL petroleum ether-ether mixture, extracting for 5min under shaking, transferring the lower layer solution into another 250mL separating funnel, adding 50mL mixed ether solution, extracting again, and combining ether layers. The ether layer was washed 3 times with 100mL of water until the ether layer was washed neutral. The test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 vitamin A content of pea seedlings
Figure BDA0003143207990000161
Test example 3
And (3) testing the content of anthocyanin: the anthocyanin content of the pea seedlings obtained in each example of the invention is determined according to NY/T2640-2014 high performance liquid chromatography for determining anthocyanin in plant-derived food. And respectively homogenizing 200g of the pea seedlings obtained in each example in a homogenizer to obtain a sample, weighing 6g of the sample in a 50mL colorimetric tube with a plug, adding an extracting solution to a constant volume to a scale, shaking for 1min, and then ultrasonically extracting for 30 min. Hydrolyzing in boiling water for 1h after ultrasonic extraction, taking out and cooling, and then fixing the volume again by using the extracting solution. Standing, collecting supernatant, filtering with 0.45 μm water phase filter membrane, and testing. The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 anthocyanin content of pea seedlings
Figure BDA0003143207990000162
Figure BDA0003143207990000171
The anion generation amount, the vitamin a content and the anthocyanin content of example 1 were significantly superior to those of the other examples. When the cotton fiber is contacted with tourmaline powder, the tourmaline is further excited to generate richer negative ions due to slight mechanical friction, and the negative ions can promote the growth and development of pea seedlings. The invention adopts the aqueous solution of betaine, sodium acetate and potassium hydroxide to degrease cotton, wherein the quaternary ammonium structure of the betaine and acetate can be combined to protect the fiber toughness and strength of the cotton, and the phenomenon of excessive pilling of the cotton in the subsequent treatment process can also be avoided. According to the invention, diethyl sulfate and mastic oil are combined to modify the degreased cotton, wherein mastic oil has common sterilization and mildew inhibition effects (harmful microorganisms can be avoided from generating adverse effects on the growth and development of pea seedlings), long carbon chains and ester-based structures in mastic oil can be crosslinked with cotton fibers so as to enhance the toughness and mechanical strength of cotton, and the wettability of the cotton fibers and inorganic substances can be improved, so that kaolin and tourmaline powder in the negative ion slow-release particles can be more uniformly distributed to form the slow-release particles with better lasting performance; in addition, sulfur atoms in the diethyl sulfate can also enhance the adsorption capacity to inorganic salts, namely kaolin and tourmaline powder, in a strong charge attraction manner, so that the service reliability of the sustained-release particles is improved. Oxygen-containing heterocyclic and aldehyde-group structures in furfural can improve charge distribution in wool fibers but can slightly weaken the mechanical strength of wool, CH in 2, 5-furandimethanol2OH can be changedThe mechanical strength of wool is improved, and the capability of furfural in modifying the surface charge distribution of wool fibers is promoted, so that the wool fiber modification by compounding the wool and the furfural can enhance the adsorption, fixation and pinning effects of kaolin and tourmaline powder on wool, the persistence and the reliability of the slow-release particles are greatly enhanced, the negative ion generating capability of the slow-release particles is ensured, the growth environment of pea seedlings is improved, and the content of nutrient substances of the pea seedlings is increased. According to the invention, wool fibers are treated by adopting an electrifying mode, the negative potential centers of sulfur element in diethyl sulfate and oxygen element in furfural and 2, 5-furandimethanol can shift under the condition of electrifying, and the attraction of the sulfur element and the oxygen element in furfural and 2, 5-furandimethanol to inorganic substances, namely kaolin and tourmaline powder, is greatly enhanced, so that the adsorption, pinning and dispersion effects of the tourmaline powder in a kaolin/wool wadding system are enhanced, the service reliability of the slow-release particles is enhanced, and the problem that the content concentration is reduced and the tourmaline powder fails due to 'slag falling' and 'ash falling' in the storage and transportation processes is avoided. Besides the conventional dispersing effect, the long carbon chain structure and the electronegativity of calcium ions of the calcium stearate can enhance the winding, adsorption and pinning effects between tourmaline powder, wool and kaolin, can enhance the service lasting ability of the slow-release particles, and generate unexpected technical effects.

Claims (10)

1. The pea seedling planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
b1 seed soaking: the method comprises the steps of taking peas with full grains, smooth and undamaged skins and no damage, moth damage and mildew as seed beans, soaking the seed beans in a soaking liquid with a bath ratio of 1kg (2.5-5) L at 25-30 ℃, carrying out ultrasonic treatment with power of 230-280W and frequency of 28-36kHz for 12-18h, and then taking out the seed beans; ultrasonically cleaning the seed beans for 15-25min by using water at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, wherein the power is 260-340W and the frequency is 32-37kHz, and then fishing out and draining to obtain seed beans subjected to seed soaking treatment; the bath ratio of the seed beans to water is 1kg (1.5-3) L; the seed soaking liquid comprises chitosan, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, plant extract and water;
b2 sowing: in the range of 3-4.2kg/m2The seeding quantity of the seed beans is that the seed beans after being soaked are sowed in seedling plates, then 10-15 seedling plates are stacked to form a group, and the spacing height between every two seedling plates is 9-15 cm; seedling raising substrates with the thickness of 1.5-3cm are paved in the seedling raising plate;
b3 pregermination: accelerating germination for 1-2d at 25-30 deg.C and humidity of 90-95%;
b4 dark treatment: setting up a culture shelf with the height of 1.5-2.5m and the interlayer spacing of 30-50cm in a dark and lightless greenhouse, placing the germinated pea seedlings and a seedling tray on the culture shelf, and culturing for 1-2 days at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ and the humidity of 90-95%;
b5 light culture: performing illumination culture for 8-12d at 25-30 deg.C and humidity of 90-95% with LED light source for 12-14h/d, and spraying growth liquid every 7-9 h; the spraying amount of the growth liquid is 400-600mL per kilogram of beans;
b6 harvest: the pea seedlings are collected, put into a freshness protection bag filled with nitrogen and refrigerated at the temperature of 1-4 ℃.
2. The method for growing pea seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the plant extract is prepared by:
mixing the dried pinus massoniana lamb and the camphor flower according to the mass ratio of (1-3) to (1), crushing, and sieving with a 50-100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixed material I; adding a mixed material I into water with the temperature of 50-60 ℃ to soak for 0.5-1h, wherein the bath ratio of the mixed material I to the water (1-2) kg: 10L; adding alginic acid and glycerol, mixing uniformly, and performing microwave extraction for 1-3h at 70-80 ℃ and 500W under the conditions of 300-; centrifuging, collecting supernatant, and concentrating to 30-50% of original volume.
3. The method for planting pea seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the growth solution is prepared by:
mixing 35-45 parts by weight of magnesium gluconate, 45-55 parts by weight of ferrous sulfate, 40-60 parts by weight of anhydrous copper sulfate, 40-62 parts by weight of zinc citrate, 85-115 parts by weight of ammonium molybdate, 60-90 parts by weight of urea, 180-210 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate, 13-25 parts by weight of humic acid and 7500-8600 parts by weight of water, and homogenizing at 20-30 ℃ at the rotation speed of 10000-12000rpm for 1-5min to obtain the growth solution.
4. The method of growing pea seedlings according to claim 1, wherein: the power of the LED light source is 70-90W, the red-blue ratio is (1-7) (1-9), the red light wavelength is 645-649nm, and the blue light wavelength is 452-459 nm; the red light LED light sources and the blue light LED light sources are respectively and uniformly distributed at the top end of the culture shelf, and the number of the red light LED light sources and the blue light LED light sources is 50-70/m2The illumination intensity of each of the red LED light source and the blue LED light source is 110--2·s-1。
5. The method for planting the pea seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the seedling culture substrate is prepared by the following steps:
mixing wood chips, cassava residues, corn straws, dry chicken manure, composite soil and negative ion slow-release particles according to the mass ratio of (1-5): 7-14): 18-30): 2-6, and stirring at the rotating speed of 30-200rpm for 5-15min to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
6. The method for planting the pea seedlings according to claim 5, wherein the anion slow release particles are prepared by the following steps:
mixing modified cotton wool, kaolin, bagasse, tourmaline powder, silane and calcium stearate according to the mass ratio of (5-8): 9-18): 12-16): 3-6): 1-3): 0.5-1, putting the mixture into a mixer, and blending the mixture for 20-30min at the rotating speed of 800 plus material rpm at 75-80 ℃ to obtain the negative ion slow-release particles.
7. The method for growing pea seedlings according to claim 5, wherein the composite soil is at least two of black soil, brown soil and rice soil; preferably, the composite soil is a mixture of black soil, brown soil and rice soil in a mass ratio of (1-5) to (1-5).
8. The method of growing pea seedlings according to claim 6, wherein: the preparation method of the modified cotton wool comprises the following steps:
p1 soaking cotton in degreasing solution at 80-90 deg.C at bath ratio of 1kg (12-18) L, and treating with ultrasonic wave at power of 380-420W and frequency of 38-42kHz for 4-6 h;
p2 washing cotton treated by P1 with water at 70-77 deg.C and draining off surface water; the bath ratio of the cotton to the water is 1kg (18-25) L, and the washing flow rate is 0.5-1.5L/min;
p3 soaking the cotton treated by P2 in a bath ratio of 1kg (8-12) L in a treatment solution at 70-75 ℃ and introducing a current with the current magnitude of 1.6-2.1A for 3-5 h;
p4 drying the cotton treated by P3 at 75-83 deg.C and 82-88kPa for 4-6 h;
p5 pulverizing the cotton treated with P4 to obtain said modified cotton wool having a fiber length of less than 13-15 mm.
9. The method of growing pea seedlings according to claim 8, wherein: the degreasing solution is obtained by mixing (by mass ratio) betaine, sodium acetate, potassium hydroxide and water (0.8-1.4): (1.8-2.4): 3.5-5): 32-40); the treatment fluid is prepared by mixing a synergist, mastic oil, ethyl acetate, diethyl sulfate, absolute ethyl alcohol and water according to a mass ratio of (0.5-1.5), (2-4), (7-9), (4-6), (8-10), (12-18) and homogenizing at the rotating speed of 10000-14000rpm at 20-30 ℃ for 3-6 min.
10. Pea seedling, its characterized in that: obtained by a method for growing pea seedlings according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202110742526.7A 2021-07-01 2021-07-01 Pea seedling and planting method thereof Pending CN113383685A (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105993481A (en) * 2016-05-25 2016-10-12 安徽省丰蓼农业开发有限公司 Method for planting pea seedlings
CN106699483A (en) * 2016-12-14 2017-05-24 张明玉 Double-layered coated water-retention slow-released fertilizer capable of releasing negative ions and preparation method of double-layered coated water-retention slow-released fertilizer
CN107494226A (en) * 2017-09-13 2017-12-22 湖南萌芽蔬菜产业有限公司 Nutrition pea seedlings and its temperature control production technology
CN107926604A (en) * 2017-11-30 2018-04-20 安徽绿雨种业股份有限公司 A kind of retain water and nutrients wheat original silkworm egg nursery soil
CN109122170A (en) * 2018-07-26 2019-01-04 枞阳县东红家庭农场 A kind of breeding method of highly nourishing health care pea seedlings

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105993481A (en) * 2016-05-25 2016-10-12 安徽省丰蓼农业开发有限公司 Method for planting pea seedlings
CN106699483A (en) * 2016-12-14 2017-05-24 张明玉 Double-layered coated water-retention slow-released fertilizer capable of releasing negative ions and preparation method of double-layered coated water-retention slow-released fertilizer
CN107494226A (en) * 2017-09-13 2017-12-22 湖南萌芽蔬菜产业有限公司 Nutrition pea seedlings and its temperature control production technology
CN107926604A (en) * 2017-11-30 2018-04-20 安徽绿雨种业股份有限公司 A kind of retain water and nutrients wheat original silkworm egg nursery soil
CN109122170A (en) * 2018-07-26 2019-01-04 枞阳县东红家庭农场 A kind of breeding method of highly nourishing health care pea seedlings

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