CN113316990A - Sweet corn sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method - Google Patents
Sweet corn sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method for sweet corn, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. According to the sand bed germination accelerating seedling method for sweet corn provided by the invention, sweet corn is sown by using the fine sand seedbed, and the transplanting mode of sweet corn seedlings is changed into a germination accelerating seedling method for root seedling transplanting; the method is simple to operate, can ensure that the seedling emergence uniformity and the field survival rate of the sweet corn are consistent with the seedling raising effect of the conventional nutrition pot on the basis of greatly shortening the transplanting period and the seedling raising and transplanting cost, and has wide practical and popularization values in the aspects of sweet corn tests and commercial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method for sweet corn, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting.
Background
Corn (Zea mays L.) is maize, also known as corn, corn cobs, and the like, and belongs to the genus Zea of the family poaceae taxonomically. The maize ancestor is generally considered to be teosinte, with origin in south america. In 2009, the sowing area and yield of corn in China exceed those of rice, and the corn is the first crop in China. The USDA data show that the global corn yield is steadily increased in 2000-2020, the global corn yield is 113631 ten thousand tons in 2020, the yield is increased by nearly 1 time in 2000, and the annual speed is increased by 3.4%, wherein the ratio of the American area to the American area is 34.86%, the ratio of the Chinese area to the Chinese area is 25.22%, and the first and second major producing countries of the global corn are squat for a long time. The corn industry chain in China is long, and the major links of corn planting production, corn processing, corn and processed product circulation and corn and processed product consumption are mainly formed, wherein the planting production, starch processing, alcohol processing and feed processing are in the core position of the industry chain, the planting production link is the largest link of the corn industry chain, and the yield value is about 6000 billion yuan in recent years. The healthy development of the corn seed industry has important significance for guaranteeing national food safety and effective supply of agricultural products.
With the adjustment of agricultural supply side structure and the change of people's dietary structure, the pursuit of health is more and more scientific, and the absorption of to the health nutrition is more and more focused on the balance, and especially the town dweller is more and more favored to fresh corn ear and its fresh-keeping processing product, is regarded as the cereal food of coarse grain and is indispensable on people's dining table. How to overcome the problems of long seedling and transplanting period, high cost and the like of the sweet corn, and exploring and making a set of cultivation technology which is simple and practical and can obviously improve the seedling and transplanting efficiency and the survival rate has important significance. In recent years, corn research workers have successively developed researches on fresh corn seedling raising substrates and transplanting methods, for example, the invention patent with application publication number of CN 107873432A specifically discloses a corn seedling raising method for promoting rooting by forcing seedling hardening, which improves the transplanting survival rate to a certain extent, but large-area large and small seedlings are easy to occur due to difficulty in seedbed water and fertilizer control, the commercial property is seriously affected due to uneven fruit clusters caused by the large and small seedlings after transplanting in a field, and the method is limited in practical application; for example, the invention patent with the application publication number of CN 104710237A and the invention patent with the application publication number of CN 105819997A are designed and manufactured for the culture medium of fresh-eating corns and the preparation thereof, and the problems of low seedling-raising and seedling-setting rate and low transplanting survival rate of the fresh-eating corns cannot be solved because the seedbed water and fertilizer are difficult to control and cause large-area seedlings, and for example, the invention patent with the application publication number of CN 109287409B, the seedbed manufacturing is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the transplanting period is long, and the problem of reducing the production cost cannot be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a sand bed germination accelerating seedling method for sweet corn, which can greatly shorten the seedling time, greatly reduce the production cost and ensure the seedling emergence uniformity and the transplanting survival rate of sweet corn seeds.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a sweet corn sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a seedbed: placing a seedling raising pot in a planting field, and then covering fine sand with the thickness of 2-3 cm in the seedling raising pot to form a seedbed;
(2) sowing: uniformly scattering sweet corn seeds on the seedbed in the step (1), slightly pressing the sweet corn seeds, covering a layer of fine sand, covering a layer of covering material, thoroughly spraying water on the seedbed, and covering the seedbed with a mulching film to enable the seedbed to be in a closed environment;
(3) and (3) management after sowing: after the mulching film in the step (2) is covered for 24-40 hours, uncovering the mulching film, then, drenching the seedbed with water, and watering once every 12-24 hours to ensure that the humidity of the seedbed is 60-80% and the temperature is 20-30 ℃;
(4) transplanting: and 5 days after sowing, transplanting the sweet corn seedlings when the primary leaves of the sweet corn seedlings grow to 2-3 cm.
As a preferred embodiment of the sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method for sweet corn, in the step (2): the slightly pressed sweet corn seeds are agricultural tools or pressed by palms, so that the sweet corn seeds are attached to the seedbed.
As a preferred embodiment of the sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method for sweet corn, in the step (2): the fine sand is building river sand, and the diameter of the fine sand is 0.1-0.3 cm.
As a preferred embodiment of the sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method for sweet corn, in the step (2): the covering is straw or a sunshade net, and the mulching film is a black agricultural mulching film.
In the step (2), the sweet corn seeds are uniformly scattered on the seedbed, the seeds are lightly pressed by an agricultural tool or a palm, the seeds are attached to the seedbed and uniformly distributed on the seedbed, and the sweet corn seeds are prevented from gathering together along with water flow when being watered; the germination of the corn needs certain temperature and humidity, and the straw or the sunshade net can play a role in heat preservation and moisture preservation and can avoid the displacement and aggregation of seeds during watering; the black agricultural mulching film mainly has the functions of temperature increase and moisture preservation and germination acceleration, and in actual production, most corn fields are covered and planted by the black agricultural mulching film, so that the effects of in-situ material obtaining and cost saving can be achieved by using the black agricultural mulching film.
As a preferred embodiment of the sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method for sweet corn, in the step (3): if the early-stage sweet corn is planted, the mulching film covering time in the step (2) is 35-40 h; and (3) if the late sweet corn is planted, the mulching time in the step (2) is 20-24 hours.
As a preferred embodiment of the sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method for sweet corn, in the step (3): after the mulching film is covered, the temperature and the humidity inside the mulching film are controlled to be 35-40 ℃ and 70-80% in the daytime, and the temperature and the humidity inside the mulching film are controlled to be 25-30 ℃ and 70-80% in the night. Within the range of the mulching time of the mulching film in the step (3) and the temperature and humidity inside the mulching film, the uniformity and the survival rate of the sweet corn seedlings are remarkably improved compared with other seedling raising methods.
As a preferred embodiment of the sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method for sweet corn, in the step (4): the transplanting method is a root seedling transplanting method.
According to the sand bed germination accelerating seedling raising method for sweet corn provided by the invention, the sweet corn seedlings are transplanted by adopting a root seedling transplanting method when the primary leaves of the sweet corn seedlings grow to 2-3 cm on the 5 th day after sowing. After the sweet corn seeds are sown, the sweet corn seeds begin to break the soil and expose the tips on the 3 rd day; the primary leaves can grow to about 1-2 cm after sowing at 4 days, and a part of the primary leaves are opened, so that the seedlings can be transplanted; the primary leaves can grow to 2-3 cm in the 5 th day after sowing, which is a one-leaf one-heart period, and the survival rate after transplanting is high, which is the optimal transplanting time; the roots are stirred together in the 6 th day after sowing, the roots are easy to be injured during transplanting and seedling separation, and the field survival rate can be reduced during transplanting.
According to the sand bed germination accelerating seedling method for sweet corn, the sweet corn is transplanted in a leaf-by-heart stage on the 5 th day after sowing, at the moment, the photosynthesis of the leaves is started, but the distance between seedlings and the breast stage is 3-4 days, main nutrition is still supplied by seeds in the period, and as long as the moisture and the temperature are proper, the seedling reviving stage cannot occur after transplanting; and at this moment, the seedlings only have 2-3 main roots, and fibrous roots do not grow or just grow out, so that the seedlings are not easy to break during transplanting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a sand bed germination accelerating seedling method for sweet corn, which can greatly shorten seedling time, greatly reduce production cost and ensure the uniformity of seedling emergence and the survival rate of transplantation of sweet corn seeds;
(2) the sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method for the sweet corn provided by the invention is simple to operate and can be directly carried out on ridges of a planting field; the matrix cost is low, and the cost of accelerating germination, seedling culture and transplanting of the corn is reduced; the primary leaves can grow to 2-3 cm in the 5 th day after sowing, and then root seedling transplanting can be carried out, so that compared with seedling raising methods such as direct seeding of sweet corn seeds, culture soil seedling raising of sweet corn seeds and the like, the seedling raising time is obviously shortened, manual carrying is reduced, and the production cost is further saved;
(3) the inventor conducts a large number of exploratory experiments on the sweet corn seedling transplanting and cultivating methods to obtain a germination accelerating seedling method which uses a building river sand seedbed to sow sweet corn and changes the transplanting mode of sweet corn seedlings into root seedling transplanting, and the seedbed formed by the building river sand has good hydrophobic and air permeable functions, so that the time of breaking the soil of seeds is shortened, and the germination rate of the seeds is improved; the method is simple to operate, can ensure that the seedling emergence uniformity and the field survival rate of the sweet corn are consistent with the seedling raising effect of the conventional nutrition pot on the basis of greatly shortening the transplanting period and the seedling raising and transplanting cost, and has wide practical and popularization values in the aspects of sweet corn tests and commercial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the growing condition of sweet corn in transplanting by the sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method for sweet corn provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following detailed drawings and examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method for sweet corn, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a seedbed: placing a seedling raising pot (60cmx30cm) in a planting field, and then covering building river sand with the thickness of 2cm and the diameter of 0.1cm in the seedling raising pot to form a seedbed;
(2) sowing: uniformly scattering sweet corn seeds on the seedbed in the step (1), lightly pressing the sweet corn seeds with palms to enable the sweet corn seeds to be attached to the seedbed, then covering a layer of building river sand with the thickness of 0.1cm and the diameter of 0.1cm, covering a layer of straw, then thoroughly spraying water on the seedbed, covering the seedbed with a black agricultural mulching film, and compacting the periphery of the black agricultural mulching film to ensure that the seedbed is in a relatively closed environment;
(3) and (3) management after sowing: planting early-stage sweet corns, controlling the temperature and humidity inside the black agricultural mulching film to be 35 ℃ and 70% in the daytime and controlling the temperature and humidity inside the black agricultural mulching film to be 25 ℃ and 70% in the night, uncovering the black agricultural mulching film after the black agricultural mulching film in the step (2) is covered for 35 hours, then spraying water to penetrate the seedbed, watering once every 12 hours to keep the seedbed at 60% humidity, and controlling the temperature to be 30 ℃;
(4) transplanting seedlings: and 5 days after sowing, transplanting the sweet corn seedlings when the primary leaves of the sweet corn seedlings grow to 2 cm.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method for sweet corn, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a seedbed: placing a seedling raising pot (60cmx30cm) in a planting field, and then covering building river sand with the thickness of 3cm and the diameter of 0.2cm in the seedling raising pot to form a seedbed;
(2) sowing: uniformly scattering sweet corn seeds on the seedbed in the step (1), lightly pressing the sweet corn seeds with palms to enable the sweet corn seeds to be attached to the seedbed, then covering a layer of building river sand with the thickness of 0.2cm and the diameter of 0.2cm, covering a layer of straw, then thoroughly spraying water on the seedbed, covering the seedbed with a black agricultural mulching film, and compacting the periphery of the black agricultural mulching film to ensure that the seedbed is in a relatively closed environment;
(3) and (3) management after sowing: planting early-stage sweet corns, controlling the temperature and humidity inside the black agricultural mulching film to be 40 ℃ and 80% in the daytime and controlling the temperature and humidity inside the black agricultural mulching film to be 30 ℃ and 80% in the night, uncovering the black agricultural mulching film after the black agricultural mulching film in the step (2) is covered for 40 hours, then spraying water to penetrate the seedbed, watering once every 24 hours to keep the seedbed at 80% humidity, and controlling the temperature to be 20 ℃;
(4) transplanting seedlings: and 5 days after sowing, transplanting the sweet corn seedlings when the primary leaves of the sweet corn seedlings grow to 3 cm.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method for sweet corn, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a seedbed: placing a seedling raising pot (60cmx30cm) in a planting field, and then covering building river sand with the thickness of 2cm and the diameter of 0.1cm in the seedling raising pot to form a seedbed;
(2) sowing: uniformly scattering sweet corn seeds on the seedbed in the step (1), lightly pressing the sweet corn seeds with palms to enable the sweet corn seeds to be attached to the seedbed, then covering a layer of building river sand with the thickness of 0.3cm and the diameter of 0.1cm, then covering a layer of sunshade net, then thoroughly spraying water on the seedbed, covering the seedbed with a black mulching film, and compacting the periphery of the black mulching film to ensure that the seedbed is in a relatively closed environment;
(3) and (3) management after sowing: planting early-stage sweet corns, controlling the temperature and humidity inside the black agricultural mulching film to be 38 ℃ and 75% in the daytime and controlling the temperature and humidity inside the black agricultural mulching film to be 28 ℃ and 75% in the night, uncovering the black agricultural mulching film after the black agricultural mulching film in the step (2) is covered for 38 hours, then spraying water to penetrate the seedbed, watering once every 20 hours to keep the seedbed at 70% humidity, and controlling the temperature to be 25 ℃;
(4) transplanting seedlings: and 5 days after sowing, transplanting the sweet corn seedlings when the primary leaves of the sweet corn seedlings grow to 2.5 cm.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method for sweet corn, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a seedbed: placing a seedling raising pot (60cmx30cm) in a planting field, and then covering building river sand with the thickness of 2.5cm and the diameter of 0.3cm in the seedling raising pot to form a seedbed;
(2) sowing: uniformly scattering sweet corn seeds on the seedbed in the step (1), lightly pressing the sweet corn seeds with palms to enable the sweet corn seeds to be attached to the seedbed, then covering a layer of building river sand with the thickness of 0.1cm and the diameter of 0.3cm, then covering a layer of sunshade net, then thoroughly spraying water on the seedbed, covering the seedbed with a black agricultural mulching film, compacting the periphery of the black agricultural mulching film, and ensuring that the seedbed is in a relatively closed environment;
(3) and (3) management after sowing: planting the late sweet corn, controlling the temperature inside the mulching film to be 35 ℃ and the humidity to be 70% in the daytime, controlling the temperature inside the agricultural mulching film to be 25 ℃ and the humidity to be 80% in the night, uncovering the black agricultural mulching film after the black agricultural mulching film in the step (2) is covered for 20 hours, then spraying water to penetrate the seedbed, watering once every 24 hours to keep the seedbed at 70% humidity, and controlling the temperature to be 25 ℃;
(4) transplanting seedlings: and 5 days after sowing, transplanting the sweet corn seedlings when the primary leaves of the sweet corn seedlings grow to 2.5 cm.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method for sweet corn, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a seedbed: placing a seedling raising pot (60cmx30cm) in a planting field, and then covering building river sand with the thickness of 3cm and the diameter of 0.1cm in the seedling raising pot to form a seedbed;
(2) sowing: uniformly scattering sweet corn seeds on the seedbed in the step (1), pressing the sweet corn seeds by using a spade to enable the sweet corn seeds to be attached to the seedbed, then covering a layer of building river sand with the thickness of 0.2cm and the diameter of 0.1cm, then covering a layer of sunshade net, then thoroughly spraying water to the seedbed, covering the seedbed with a black agricultural mulching film, compacting the periphery of the black agricultural mulching film, and ensuring that the seedbed is in a relatively closed environment;
(3) and (3) management after sowing: planting the late sweet corn, controlling the temperature and humidity inside the mulching film to be 40 ℃ and 75% in the daytime and controlling the temperature and humidity inside the agricultural mulching film to be 30 ℃ and 80% in the night, uncovering the black agricultural mulching film after the black agricultural mulching film in the step (2) is covered for 24 hours, then spraying water to penetrate the seedbed, watering once every 20 hours to keep the seedbed at 80% humidity, and controlling the temperature to be 25 ℃;
(4) transplanting seedlings: and 5 days after sowing, transplanting the sweet corn seedlings when the primary leaves of the sweet corn seedlings grow to 2.5 cm.
Experimental example 1
In the experimental example, the germination accelerating seedling raising method for sweet corn seeds provided by the invention is compared with a direct seeding method for sweet corn seeds, a soil culture seedling raising method for sweet corn seeds and a seedling raising and transplanting method of 50% nutrient soil and 50% soil in terms of cost, and the results are shown in table 1.
The experimental method comprises the following steps:
in this experimental method, please refer to example 3 above for the germination accelerating and seedling raising method for sweet corn seeds provided by the present invention.
1. Direct comparison with sweet corn seeds
The sweet corn seed direct seeding method comprises the following steps: preparing soil, applying rotten and cooked chicken manure according to 300 kg/mu, fully and uniformly mixing with a plough layer, taking half a step, half a step and 80cm wide, covering a black mulching film, dibbling sweet corn seeds according to the row spacing of 50cm and the plant spacing of 30cm, wherein 2-3 seeds are planted in one hole, the planting depth is 4-5 cm, watering is conducted after planting, the soil humidity is kept at 80%, and the management after seedling emergence is consistent with the germination accelerating seedling raising method of the sweet corn seeds provided by the embodiment 3 of the invention.
The experimental results are as follows: compared with the direct seeding (hereinafter referred to as direct seeding) of the sweet corn seeds, the germination accelerating and seedling raising method of the sweet corn seeds (hereinafter referred to as simple sand bed germination accelerating, seedling raising and transplanting) provided by the invention has three obvious advantages, and is embodied as follows:
(1) the seed consumption of the sweet corn needs 15.0-18.7 kg/hm for direct seeding2The simple sand bed germination accelerating, seedling raising and transplanting only need 6.0-7.5 kg/hm2The seed consumption can be reduced by more than 1/2, namely the seed cost can be reduced by more than half;
(2) the uniformity of seedling emergence and the field survival rate are ensured, the seedling emergence uniformity can be ensured by simple sand bed germination accelerating seedling raising and transplanting, the survival rate after transplanting in the field is up to more than 98 percent, the seedling emergence irregularity is easy to cause large and small seedling phenomenon in direct seeding, the field survival rate is generally about 85 percent, and thinning, seedling supplementing and final singling are additionally manually carried out in the period;
(3) in the aspect of labor cost of sowing and transplanting, 23 workers/hm are needed for simple sand bed germination acceleration, seedling raising and transplanting2(ii) a The sowing, the seedling supplementing and the final singling of the direct seeding need 33 workers/hm2(seeding 18 worker/hm)215 workers/hm are needed for seedling replenishment and final singling2) The total labor is 10 workers/hm less than that of live broadcast2The settlement is manually carried out according to 100 yuan per day, and the simple sand bed germination acceleration, seedling raising and transplanting saves the labor cost by 1000 yuan/hm compared with direct seeding2(ii) a 500-700 seedlings can be raised once by using a flat-bottom seedling raising pot (60cmx30cm) for simple sand bed germination accelerating, seedling raising and transplanting according to 3500 seedlings/667 m2The planting density of the seeds needs 75-105 seeds/hm2The flat-bottom seedling raising pot can be used for more than 16 times on average according to the market price of 9 yuan/per pot and the requirement of 675-945 yuan, and is about 42-59 yuan/hm after conversion2(ii) a Therefore, compared with direct seeding, the simple sand bed germination accelerating seedling transplanting method provided by the invention can save the total cost of 958-941 yuan/hm2The specific cost is shown in table 1.
2. Contrast with the culture soil for sweet corn seeds
The pure culture soil seedling method of the sweet corn seeds comprises the following steps: nutrient soil is filled in a seedling raising pot (60cmx30cm), the nutrient soil is slightly compacted by a protruded part at the bottom of the other seedling raising pot, 1 corn seed is placed in a groove of about 2.0cm formed after compaction, then the seed is covered by the nutrient soil, watering is conducted, the humidity of a seedbed is kept to be 80%, and the management after seedling emergence is consistent with the germination accelerating seedling raising method of the sweet corn seed provided by the embodiment 3 of the invention.
A mixed culture soil (50% of nutrient soil and 50% of soil) seedling transplanting method for sweet corn seeds comprises the following steps: the method for raising seedlings is the same as that for raising seedlings by pure nutrient soil, but half of the nutrient soil is changed into soil. The management after seedling emergence is consistent with the germination accelerating and seedling raising method of the sweet corn seeds provided by the embodiment 3 of the invention.
Experiments prove that: compared with the pure culture soil seedling method (pure culture soil seedling) of the sweet corn seeds, the simple sand bed germination accelerating seedling transplantation has the following main advantages:
(1) the seedling raising pot has low cost: the simple sand bed germination accelerating seedling transplanting flat-bottom seedling raising pot (60cmx30cm) can raise 500-700 seedlings at one time according to 3500 seedlings/667 m2The planting density of the seeds needs 75-105 seeds/hm2The flat-bottom seedling raising pot can be used for more than 16 times according to the market price of 9 yuan/per pot and 675-945 yuan, and is 42-59 yuan/hm after conversion2(ii) a A 54-mesh seedling raising pot for raising seedlings by using culture soil, wherein the seedling raising pot is used for raising seedlings according to 3500 strains/667 m2Planting density of 972/hm2According to the market price of 2.2 yuan/one, 2138 yuan is needed, the product can be repeatedly used for about 6 times, and 356 yuan/time/hm is obtained after conversion2The simple sand bed germination accelerating seedling transplantation provided by the invention is compared with pure culture soil seedling transplantation, and 297-314 yuan/hm of simple sand bed germination accelerating seedling transplantation is saved2The cost of the seedling raising pot;
(2) the seedbed cost is low: the sand amount for simple sand bed germination accelerating, seedling raising and transplanting is 420kg/hm2Cost 168 yuan, about 2/3 m sand can be reused after each seedling, and the conversion is 56 yuan/time/hm2(ii) a The culture soil is used for seedling raising by taking a 54-mesh seedling raising pot as an example, approximately 2.3kg of nutrient soil is needed per pot, and 2236kg/hm is needed in total2Nutritive soil, cost 1695 yuan. Compared with the two methods, the simple sand bed germination accelerating, seedling raising and transplanting method saves 1639 yuan/hm2The cost of the seedbed;
(3) the labor for sowing and transplanting is less: simple sand bed germination accelerating, seedling raising and transplanting are directly raised in planting ridgeThe seedlings are transplanted as root seedlings, so that the seedlings can be loaded in containers such as barrels during transplanting, the carrying is reduced, and only 23 workers/hm are needed for sowing and transplanting2Far lower than 60 workers/hm required by seedling raising, sowing and transplanting of nutrient soil2(seeding 30 workers/hm)2Transplanting needs 30 workers/hm2) The settlement is carried out manually according to 100 yuan per day, and the simple sand bed germination accelerating seedling transplanting method can save the labor cost of 3700 yuan/hm2(ii) a In conclusion, compared with a pure culture soil seedling method, the simple sand bed germination accelerating seedling transplanting method saves 5636-5653 yuan/hm2。
The simple sand bed germination accelerating seedling transplantation method is compared with the seedling transplantation method of the mixed culture soil (50% of nutrient soil and 50% of soil) of the sweet corn seeds: 50 percent of nutrient soil and 50 percent of soil are mixed for seedling culture, although the cost of the nutrient soil is reduced by half, 3 additional workers are needed to treat the soil, namely, 63 workers per hm are needed2. In the aspects of seedling pots, seedbeds and labor cost, the simple sand bed germination accelerating seedling transplanting method saves 297-314 yuan/hm compared with a 50% nutrient soil and 50% soil seedling transplanting method respectively2792 Yuan/hm24000 yuan/hm2The total cost is saved by 5089-5106 yuan/hm2The specific cost comparisons are shown in table 1.
TABLE 14 cost comparison of sweet corn seedling transplantation
Note: one worker means that one worker does work for 8 hours and one worker settles on a 100 yuan basis.
Experimental example 2
In the experimental example, the sweet corn sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method (example 4) and the method for transplanting sweet corn by mixed seedling raising of 50% culture soil and 50% soil are adopted, the sweet corn is transplanted in a field after seedling raising, and the growth conditions of the two kinds of sweet corn for seedling raising in the field are observed.
The experimental method comprises the following steps: taking 2019 autumn sweet corn district test in Guangdong province as an example, the reference variety is T2, the test point is the institute of agricultural science in Zhaoqing city in Guangdong province, the soil quality is sandy soil, the soil is slightly viscous, the soil fertility is middle, the sunlight is sufficient, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the previous crop is rice. The test adopts random block arrangement, each treatment is repeated for 3 times, the area of each cell is 0.0375 mu, 132 sweet corn seedlings are planted in each cell, the planting specification is that the ridge width is 80cm, each ridge is planted in double rows, the row spacing of the plants is 50 multiplied by 30cm, the working row is 50cm, and the periphery is provided with a protection row. When in measurement, each cell is divided into two lines, namely the number of the plants to be measured is 88, and the area is 0.025 mu.
Experimental group cell: T2-I sweet corn seedling transplantation is carried out according to the sand bed germination accelerating seedling method of sweet corn in embodiment 3 of the invention, and the contrast group plot: T2-II and T2-III adopt a mixed seedling transplanting method of 50% culture soil and 50% soil. The experimental group T2-I is sown in 19 days in 8 months, and transplanted in 24 days in 8 months, the comparative group T2-II and T2-III are sown in 15 days in 8 months, and transplanted in 23 days in 8 months, and other production management is kept consistent. In the harvest period, 10 plants are randomly selected from each cell, and the data of plant height, stem thickness, spike weight, yield and the like are measured.
TABLE 2 comprehensive table of main traits of 3 test varieties of T2 in subdistricts
The experimental results are as follows: as can be seen from Table 2, the field growth conditions of the sweet corns in the cells T2-I, T2-II and T2-III 3 are basically consistent, which shows that the sand bed germination accelerating seedling method for the sweet corns provided by the invention and the mixed seedling transplanting method of 50% culture soil and 50% soil are used for seedling transplantation of the sweet corns, the field growth conditions are basically consistent, namely, the sand bed germination accelerating seedling method for the sweet corns provided by the invention is used for seedling transplantation of the sweet corns, and the growth conditions of the sweet corns in the field are not influenced.
Experimental example 3
In 2020, the sweet corn district test in autumn in Guangdong province is carried out, the varieties of the ginseng test are TA6 and TB1, the test point is the institute of agricultural science in Zhaoqing city in Guangdong province, the soil quality is sandy soil, the soil is slightly viscous, the soil fertility is middle, the sunlight is sufficient, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the previous crop is rice. The test adopts random block arrangement, each treatment is repeated for 3 times, the area of each cell is 0.0375 mu, 132 seedlings are planted in each cell, the planting specification is that the ridge width is 80cm, each ridge is planted in double rows, the row spacing of the seedlings is 50 multiplied by 30cm, the working row is 50cm, and the periphery is provided with a protection row. When in measurement, each cell is divided into two lines, namely the number of the plants to be measured is 88, and the area is 0.025 mu.
According to the sweet corn sand bed germination accelerating seedling transplanting method disclosed by the embodiment 3 of the invention, the experimental group TA 6-I is sown in 28 days in 8 months, and is transplanted in 1 day in 9 months, compared with the group TA 6-II and the group TA 6-III which adopt pure nutrient soil for seedling transplanting, the group TA 6-II is sown in 24 days in 8 months, and is transplanted in 29 days in 8 months, and other production management is kept consistent. In the harvest period, 10 plants are randomly selected from each cell, and the data of plant height, stem thickness, spike weight, yield and the like are measured.
The experimental groups TB 1-I, TB 1-II are sown in 24 days in 8 months and transplanted in 29 days in 8 months according to the sweet corn sand bed germination accelerating seedling transplanting method described in the embodiment 3 of the invention, and the comparative groups TB 1-III are sown in 20 days in 8 months and transplanted in 26 days in 8 months by adopting a pure nutrient soil seedling transplanting method, and other production management is kept consistent. In the harvest period, 10 plants are randomly selected from each cell, and the data of plant height, stem thickness, spike weight, yield and the like are measured.
TABLE 3 comprehensive list of main traits of 3 test varieties of TA6 and TB1
The experimental results are as follows: the cell yields of TA6 and TB1 reference variety experimental groups TA 6-I, TB 1-I, TB 1-II are slightly higher than those of comparison groups TA 6-II, TA 6-III and TB 1-III, and other growth indexes are basically consistent; the seedling transplanting method for the sweet corn by the sand bed germination accelerating seedling method provided by the invention has higher field yield than the seedling transplanting method adopting pure nutrient soil.
In conclusion, the sweet corn sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method provided by the invention is simple to operate and can be directly carried out on the ridges of the planting field; the matrix cost is low, and the cost of accelerating germination, seedling culture and transplanting of the corn is reduced; the primary leaves can grow to 2-3 cm in the 5 th day after sowing, root seedling transplanting can be carried out, the seedling raising time is obviously shortened compared with seedling raising methods such as direct seeding of sweet corn seeds, culture soil seedling raising of sweet corn seeds and the like, and manual carrying is reduced, so that the production cost is further saved. The inventor conducts a large number of exploratory experiments on the sweet corn seedling transplanting and cultivating methods to obtain a germination accelerating seedling method which uses a building river sand seedbed to sow sweet corn and changes the transplanting mode of sweet corn seedlings into root seedling transplanting, and the seedbed formed by the building river sand has good hydrophobic and air permeable functions, so that the time of breaking the soil of seeds is shortened, and the germination rate of the seeds is improved; the method is simple to operate, can ensure that the seedling emergence uniformity and the field survival rate of the sweet corn are consistent with the seedling raising effect of the conventional nutrition pot on the basis of greatly shortening the transplanting period and the seedling raising and transplanting cost, and has wide practical and popularization values in the aspects of sweet corn tests and commercial production.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A sweet corn sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a seedbed: placing a seedling raising pot in a planting field, and then covering fine sand with the thickness of 2-3 cm in the seedling raising pot to form a seedbed;
(2) sowing: uniformly scattering sweet corn seeds on the seedbed in the step (1), slightly pressing the sweet corn seeds, covering a layer of fine sand, covering a layer of covering material, thoroughly spraying water on the seedbed, and covering the seedbed with a mulching film to enable the seedbed to be in a closed environment;
(3) and (3) management after sowing: after the mulching film in the step (2) is covered for 24-40 hours, uncovering the mulching film, then, drenching the seedbed with water, and watering once every 12-24 hours to ensure that the humidity of the seedbed is 60-80% and the temperature is 20-30 ℃;
(4) transplanting: and 5 days after sowing, transplanting the sweet corn seedlings when the primary leaves of the sweet corn seedlings grow to 2-3 cm.
2. The sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method for sweet corn according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (2): the slightly pressed sweet corn seeds are agricultural tools or pressed by palms, so that the sweet corn seeds are attached to the seedbed.
3. The sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method for sweet corn according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (2): the fine sand is building river sand, and the diameter of the fine sand is 0.1-0.3 cm.
4. The sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method for sweet corn according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (2): the covering is straw or a sunshade net, and the mulching film is a black agricultural mulching film.
5. The sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method for sweet corn according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (3): if the early-producing sweet corn is planted, the mulching time is 35-40 h; if the late sweet corn is planted, the mulching time is 20-24 hours.
6. The sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method for sweet corn according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (3): after the mulching film is covered, the temperature and the humidity inside the mulching film are controlled to be 35-40 ℃ and 70-80% in the daytime, and the temperature and the humidity inside the mulching film are controlled to be 25-30 ℃ and 70-80% in the night.
7. The sand bed germination accelerating and seedling raising method for sweet corn according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (4): the transplanting method is a root seedling transplanting method.
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| CN104335776A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2015-02-11 | 林天国 | Cultivation method of sweet corn |
| CN103749131A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-04-30 | 扬州大学 | Method for raising and transplanting corn seedlings |
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