CN112136629A - Two-step seedling method for whole-leaf ficus microcarpa seeds - Google Patents
Two-step seedling method for whole-leaf ficus microcarpa seeds Download PDFInfo
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- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
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Abstract
A two-step method for raising seedlings of ficus microcarpa seeds mainly comprises the following steps: 1) seed pretreatment, 2) seed treatment before sowing, 3) seedbed arrangement, 4) open planting and sowing, 5) seedbed management, 6) transplanting a seedling raising container, and 7) container seedling raising management. The method for raising seedlings of the ficus microcarpa seeds is ideal, adopts a two-step seedling raising mode (namely open planting seeding and transplanting seedling raising containers), has the advantages of high seedling growth speed, short nursery seedling raising period, high transplanting survival rate, high yield and simple operation, is beneficial to popularization and implementation of vast forest farmers, and ensures sustainable utilization of ficus microcarpa resources. The ficus microcarpa seeds have sufficient nutrients in the seedling raising period, high germination rate and low treatment cost, the treated seeds have the germination rate obviously improved, and the emergence rate of the seeds can reach over 90 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seedling raising technology of medicinal plant seeds, in particular to a two-step seedling raising method of ficus microcarpa seeds.
Background
Ficus benjamina (A. benjamina Ehrlich.)Ficus pandurata Hance var. holophylla Migo) is a plant of ficus genus of Moraceae family, and its dried root and stem are used as she's small incense stick, and it mainly contains rich psoralen and flavone. Modern researches have shown that psoralen has antibacterial, antiviral, anticoagulant, antitumor, and immunoregulatory effects. Flavone is a strong antioxidant, and can effectively scavenge oxygen free radicals in vivo, and the antioxidant effect can prevent cell degeneration, aging, and cancer. The flavone can also improve blood circulation and reduce cholesterol. Flavones also inhibit the exudation of inflammatory biological enzymes, and can promote wound healing and relieve pain, and quercetin can be used for various allergies due to its strong antihistaminic property.
Along with the increasing of market demand and the excessive mining and messy digging, the wild resources are less and less, and the large-scale artificial planting is urgent for ensuring the sustainable utilization of the resources of the whole ficus microcarpa. The existing ficus microcarpa seeds are generally cultivated in the open air (namely one-step cultivation), the growth of seedlings is slow, the nursery cultivation period is long, the influence of natural climate is great, the yield is low, the transplanting survival rate is not high, and a new ficus microcarpa seed cultivation method is especially necessary to be explored through experiments to ensure the sustainable utilization of ficus microcarpa resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a two-step method for raising seedlings of ficus microcarpa seeds, and aims to overcome the defects that the conventional open-air planting mode is adopted for raising seedlings, the seedlings grow slowly, the nursery seedling raising period is longer, the germination rate is lower, the large-scale production requirement for ficus microcarpa seed seedling raising is difficult to meet, and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a two-step method for raising seedlings of ficus microcarpa seeds comprises the following operation steps:
a) seed pretreatment: selecting a robust stock plant and a full-leaf banyan fruit with dark brown seed coat, kneading the pulp to separate seeds from the pulp, removing the seed coat, the pulp, impurities and shrunken seeds, harvesting the full and mature seeds, cleaning, airing and refrigerating for later use;
b) seed treatment before sowing: soaking seeds in warm boiled water containing indoleacetic acid for 18-25 minutes, airing until only a small part of moisture is left in the seed coats, taking the palm as the standard to slightly remove the moisture, uniformly mixing the seeds with chlorothalonil and metolcarb powder, and waiting for sowing;
c) seedbed arrangement: the method comprises the following steps of making gullies 1.2 meters wide on a seedbed, filling seedling substrate in the gullies, wherein the seedling substrate is of an upper layer structure and a lower layer structure, the upper layer is top layer substrate, the lower layer is bottom layer substrate, the bottom layer substrate is sandy loam after the sandy loam is disinfected, refined and raked, the top layer substrate comprises surface soil, grass peat and decomposed organic fertilizer, and the ratio of the surface soil, the grass peat and the organic fertilizer is 1-2: 3-4: 6-8;
d) planting in the open field: thoroughly watering the seedbed 1 day before planting, uniformly scattering seeds on the seedbed, covering seedling culture medium when exposed, and sprinkling water after seeding; two layers of films and one layer of sunshade net are needed to cover for seedling culture in winter; a layer of film of a heat-insulating layer is not needed for seedling culture in summer;
e) seedbed management: sowing in winter for about 26 days, taking out the seeds, and emerging the cotyledons; only 7 days are needed in summer, the period of 1 week is needed when the seed leaves grow up, the film covering the seedbed is immediately uncovered when the seed leaves grow out, the water-soluble instant fertilizer with the concentration of 2-3% is applied when the true leaves grow out, the application is carried out for 1 time in one week, and the germination rate of the seeds reaches more than 90%;
f) transplanting a seedling culture container: after growing on the seedbed for 2 months, when the seedlings grow to 2-3 cm high, the seedlings are moved to a beauty planting bag or a 50-hole plug tray;
g) and (3) managing container seedlings: applying 2-3% water-soluble instant fertilizer for 1 time a week; the root blight of the whole leaf banyan is used by mixing hymexazol and urea acid, manganese and zinc, and the root blight of the whole leaf banyan is used for 3 times at most in the seedling stage.
In the step 3), the decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of sheep manure, 80-100 parts of cow manure, 20-30 parts of shell powder, 3-5 parts of soybean stalks and 10-12 parts of corn stalks, and the preparation method of the decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: 1) Uniformly mixing sheep manure, cow manure and shell powder, stacking, covering and naturally fermenting; 2) When the mixture of the sheep manure, the cow manure and the shell powder is naturally fermented for 15-16 days, chopping the soybean stalks and the corn stalks, adding the chopped soybean stalks and corn stalks into a fermentation pile, fully mixing the chopped soybean stalks and corn stalks with the sheep manure, the cow manure and the shell powder, and continuing to naturally ferment for 20-25 days to obtain a fermentation mixture; 4) and sterilizing and drying the fermented mixture to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer.
Further, before uniformly mixing the seed with chlorothalonil and metolcarb powder in the step b), the seed is subjected to nutrient solution atomization treatment, and the nutrient solution comprises nutrient components such as potassium chloride, sodium phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate, calcium chloride, magnesium glycinate, sodium iodide, potassium borate, sodium molybdate, vitamins, amino acids and the like.
Still further, the nutrient solution atomization mode is as follows: the seed that will dry is arranged atomizing conveyer in and is carried out automatic atomization treatment, and this atomizing conveyer includes the frame and installs material conveyer belt and the atomizer chamber in the frame, and the intermediate part at material conveyer belt is established to this atomizer chamber cover, installs in this atomizer chamber to carry out the atomizer that atomization was handled to the seed on the material conveyer belt.
Further, the top layer matrix in step c) comprises an upper layer granular matrix and a lower layer granular matrix which are subjected to granulation treatment by a granulator and have an upper-layer structure and a lower-layer structure, and the ratio of the thickness of the upper layer granular matrix to the thickness of the lower layer granular matrix is 1: 6-8; the particle diameter of the upper layer of particle matrix is larger than that of the lower layer of particle matrix, and the particle size of the lower layer of particle matrix is equal to or slightly smaller than that of the ficus microcarpa seeds.
From the above description of the present invention, it can be seen that the advantages of the present invention over the prior art are: the method for raising seedlings of the ficus microcarpa seeds is ideal, adopts a two-step seedling raising mode (namely open planting seeding and transplanting seedling raising containers), has the advantages of high seedling growth speed, short nursery seedling raising period, high transplanting survival rate, high yield and simple operation, is beneficial to popularization and implementation of vast forest farmers, and ensures sustainable utilization of ficus microcarpa resources. The ficus microcarpa seeds have sufficient nutrients in the seedling raising period, high germination rate and low treatment cost, the treated seeds have the germination rate obviously improved, and the emergence rate of the seeds can reach over 90 percent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an atomizing conveyor of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the seed of the present invention being subjected to nutrient solution atomization.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the uniform spreading of seeds on the seedbed in the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example one
A two-step method for raising seedlings of ficus microcarpa seeds comprises the following operation steps:
a) seed pretreatment: there are 2 harvesting periods in one year: selecting robust stock plant and full-leaf ficus microcarpa fruits with dark brown peel in middle and last ten days of 4 months and 9 months, kneading pulp to separate seeds from pulp, removing seed coats, pulp, impurities and shrunken seeds, harvesting full and mature seeds, cleaning, airing and refrigerating for later use.
b) Seed treatment before sowing: soaking the seeds in warm boiled water containing indoleacetic acid for 20 minutes, and then airing until only a small part of moisture is left in the seed coats and the palm slightly loses moisture; carrying out nutrient solution atomization treatment on the seeds; and uniformly mixing the seeds with chlorothalonil and metolcarb powder, and then sowing. The seeds can be selected from seeds picked in the current year; the temperature of the warm boiled water is controlled at 60 ℃. The nutrient solution contains nutrient components such as potassium chloride, sodium phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate, calcium chloride, magnesium glycinate, sodium iodide, potassium borate, sodium molybdate, vitamins, amino acid and the like. Reference is made to the description accompanying fig. 1 and 2. The nutrient solution atomization mode is as follows: the seed 1 that will dry is arranged atomizing conveyer 2 in and is carried out automatic atomization treatment, and this atomizing conveyer 2 includes frame 21 and installs material conveyer belt 22 and the atomizer chamber 23 in frame 21, and this atomizer chamber 23 cover is established at material conveyer belt 22's intermediate part, and this atomizer chamber 23 is built-in to be equipped with carries out a plurality of atomizer 230 that the atomization was handled to the seed on the material conveyer belt 22, the import of atomizer chamber 23 is equipped with the vertical baffle 231 that is used for adjusting the thickness that 1 level of seed got into in the atomizer chamber 23, and this vertical baffle 231 can be adjusted from top to bottom. The end of the material conveying belt 22 is provided with a receiving hopper 24 for receiving the seeds 1 thereon. Soaking seeds in warm boiled water containing indoleacetic acid for promoting germination; then the seeds 1 are atomized by nutrient solution to promote the seeds to have sufficient and rich nutrient supply when sprouting; finally, the chlorothalonil and the metolcarb powder are used for seed dressing treatment to reduce the infection risk of pathogenic bacteria, and the germination rate of the seeds treated in the way is obviously and greatly improved.
c) Seedbed arrangement: making gullies 1.2 meters wide on a seedbed, filling seedling substrate in the gullies, wherein the seedling substrate is of an upper-layer structure and a lower-layer structure, the upper layer is top layer substrate, the lower layer is bottom layer substrate, the bottom layer substrate is sandy soil after the sandy soil is disinfected, refined and raked, the top layer substrate comprises surface soil, grass peat and decomposed organic fertilizer, and the ratio of the surface soil, the grass peat and the decomposed organic fertilizer is 2: 3:8, and uniformly mixing to prepare the top layer matrix, and marking the top layer matrix as PY 1. If the seedbed is in a non-waterlogging land, the ridge height of the raised ridge is controlled to be 12 centimeters; if the seedbed is in the water-accumulating land, the height of the ridge of the field is controlled to be 35 cm. The decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of sheep manure, 100 parts of cow manure, 20 parts of shell powder, 5 parts of soybean stalks and 10 parts of corn stalks, wherein the preparation method of the decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: 1) Uniformly mixing sheep manure, cow manure and shell powder, stacking, covering and naturally fermenting; 2) After the mixture of the sheep manure, the cow manure and the shell powder is naturally fermented for 15 days, chopping the soybean stalks and the corn stalks, adding the chopped soybean stalks and corn stalks into a fermentation pile, fully mixing the chopped soybean stalks and corn stalks with the sheep manure, the cow manure and the shell powder, and continuing to naturally ferment for 25 days to obtain a fermentation mixture; 4) and sterilizing and drying the fermented mixture to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer. Reference is made to the description accompanying figure 3. The top layer matrix comprises an upper layer particle matrix 31 and a lower layer particle matrix 32 which are subjected to granulation treatment by a granulator and have an upper-lower layer structure, and the ratio of the thickness of the upper layer particle matrix 31 to the thickness of the lower layer particle matrix 32 is 1: 7; the particle diameter of the upper layer of the particle matrix 31 is larger than that of the lower layer of the particle matrix 32, and the particle size of the lower layer of the particle matrix 32 is equal to or slightly smaller than that of the ficus microcarpa seeds 1. The particles of the upper layer particle substrate 31 and the lower layer particle substrate 32 are both in spherical particle shape. The top layer matrix adopts the design of an upper layer particle matrix 31 and a lower layer particle matrix 32 with different thicknesses, so that the ficus microcarpa seeds 1 are embedded in the upper layer particle matrix 31, and the particle diameter of the upper layer particle matrix 31 is a little larger, so that the ficus microcarpa seeds 1 have good air permeability and high germination rate; and the lower-layer particle matrix 32 also has an auxiliary blocking effect, and the ficus microcarpa seeds 1 are not easy to sink deeply into the lower-layer particle matrix 32 and stay in the lower-layer particle matrix 32, so that the seeds 1 grow more uniformly and stably.
d) Sowing: thoroughly watering the seedbed 1 day before planting, uniformly scattering seeds on the seedbed, covering seedling culture medium when exposed, and sprinkling water after seeding; two layers of films and one layer of sunshade net are needed to cover for seedling culture in winter; a layer of film of a heat-insulating layer is not needed for seedling culture in summer; the specific coverage mode of seedling culture in winter is as follows: one layer of film is used as a moisture-keeping layer and directly covered on the seedbed, the other layer of film is used as a heat-preserving layer and rises up to an arched shed with the height of about 2 meters, and a sunshade net with a 6-needle net is covered on the upper surface. In winter, 100 seeds are sowed each time, the sowing is repeated for 4 times, the germination rate of the seeds is observed 25 days after the sowing, average data are counted, and the results are shown in table 1.
e) Seedbed management: sowing in winter for about 26 days, taking out the seeds, and emerging the cotyledons; in summer, only 7 days are needed, the seed leaves need to grow for about 1 week, when the seed leaves grow out, the film covering the seedbed is immediately uncovered, when the true leaves grow out, the water-soluble instant fertilizer with the concentration of 2-3% is applied, the application is carried out for 1 time in one week, and the germination rate of the seeds reaches more than 90%.
f) Transplanting a seedling culture container: after growing on the seedbed for 2 months, when the height reaches 2-3 cm, the seedlings are moved to a beauty planting bag or a 50-hole plug tray. After 76 days, plant height, the number of leaves of each plant, the thickness of each plant rod and the thickness of each leaf are observed after the seeds are planted in a beautiful bag or a 50-hole plug, 30 plants are measured in total, average data are counted, and the results are shown in table 2. Pulling out the seed seedling, measuring the weight of the single plant, the weight of the single plant root and the weight ratio of the single plant root, and counting the average data, wherein the results are shown in Table 3
g) And (3) managing container seedlings: applying 2-3% water-soluble instant fertilizer for 1 time a week; if the ficus microcarpa damping-off is detected, hymexazol and urea-zinc acid are mixed for use, and the seedling stage is used for 3 times at most.
h) And (4) outplanting, namely outplanting after the seedlings grow to 5-10 cm high, wherein the outplanting is carried out from sowing to outplanting approximately, 4 months (12-4 months) are needed in winter, and the outplanting is carried out at 4-5 months. In summer, 3 months (8-11 months) and 12 months. The seedling level can be divided into first-level seedlings: 5-10 cm high, 5-7 leaves, the leaves are in 3 finger shape; second-stage seedling: 5-6 cm, 3-5 leaves, the leaves are in single finger shape.
Example two
A two-step method for raising seedlings of ficus microcarpa seeds comprises the following operation steps:
a) seed pretreatment: there are 2 harvesting periods in one year: selecting robust stock plant and full-leaf ficus microcarpa fruits with dark brown peel in middle and last ten days of 4 months and 9 months, kneading pulp to separate seeds from pulp, removing seed coats, pulp, impurities and shrunken seeds, harvesting full and mature seeds, cleaning, airing and refrigerating for later use.
b) Seed treatment before sowing: soaking the seeds in warm boiled water containing indoleacetic acid for 18 minutes, airing until only a small part of moisture is left in the seed coats, and carrying out nutrient solution atomization treatment on the seeds until the palms slightly touch the seeds; and uniformly mixing the seeds with chlorothalonil and metolcarb powder, and then sowing. The seeds can be selected from seeds picked in the current year; the temperature of the warm boiled water is controlled to be 55 ℃. The nutrient solution contains nutrient components such as potassium chloride, sodium phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate, calcium chloride, magnesium glycinate, sodium iodide, potassium borate, sodium molybdate, vitamins, amino acid and the like. Reference is made to the description accompanying fig. 1 and 2. The nutrient solution atomization mode is as follows: the seed 1 that will dry is arranged atomizing conveyer 2 in and is carried out automatic atomization treatment, and this atomizing conveyer 2 includes frame 21 and installs material conveyer belt 22 and the atomizer chamber 23 in frame 21, and this atomizer chamber 23 cover is established at material conveyer belt 22's intermediate part, and this atomizer chamber 23 is built-in to be equipped with carries out a plurality of atomizer 230 that the atomization was handled to the seed on the material conveyer belt 22, the import of atomizer chamber 23 is equipped with the vertical baffle 231 that is used for adjusting the thickness that 1 level of seed got into in the atomizer chamber 23, and this vertical baffle 231 can be adjusted from top to bottom. The end of the material conveying belt 22 is provided with a receiving hopper 24 for receiving the seeds 1 thereon. Soaking seeds in warm boiled water containing indoleacetic acid for promoting germination; the atomization treatment of the nutrient solution for the seeds aims to promote the seeds to have sufficient and rich nutrient supply during the germination; finally, the chlorothalonil and the metolcarb powder are used for seed dressing treatment to reduce the infection risk of pathogenic bacteria, and the germination rate of the seeds treated in the way is obviously and greatly improved.
c) Seedbed arrangement: making gullies 1.2 meters wide on a seedbed, filling seedling substrate in the gullies, wherein the seedling substrate is of an upper-layer structure and a lower-layer structure, the upper layer is top layer substrate, the lower layer is bottom layer substrate, the bottom layer substrate is sandy soil after the sandy soil is disinfected, refined and raked, the top layer substrate comprises surface soil, grass peat and decomposed organic fertilizer, and the ratio of the surface soil, the grass peat and the organic fertilizer is 1: 4:6, and uniformly mixing to prepare the top substrate, and marking the top substrate as PY 2. If the seedbed is in a non-waterlogging land, the ridge height of the raised ridge is controlled to be 15 centimeters; if the seedbed is in the water-accumulating land, the height of the ridge from which the field is raised is controlled to be 30 centimeters. The decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of sheep manure, 80 parts of cow manure, 30 parts of shell powder, 3 parts of soybean stalks and 12 parts of corn stalks, wherein the preparation method of the decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: 1) Uniformly mixing sheep manure, cow manure and shell powder, stacking, covering and naturally fermenting; 2) When the mixture of the sheep manure, the cow manure and the shell powder is naturally fermented for 16 days, chopping the soybean stalks and the corn stalks, adding the chopped soybean stalks and corn stalks into a fermentation pile, fully mixing the chopped soybean stalks and corn stalks with the sheep manure, the cow manure and the shell powder, and continuing to naturally ferment for 20 days to obtain a fermentation mixture; 4) and sterilizing and drying the fermented mixture to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer. Reference is made to the description accompanying figure 2. The top layer matrix comprises an upper layer particle matrix 31 and a lower layer particle matrix 32 which are subjected to granulation treatment by a granulator and have an upper-lower layer structure, and the ratio of the thickness of the upper layer particle matrix 31 to the thickness of the lower layer particle matrix 32 is 1: 8; the particle diameter of the upper layer of the particle matrix 31 is larger than that of the lower layer of the particle matrix 32, and the particle size of the lower layer of the particle matrix 32 is equal to or slightly smaller than that of the ficus microcarpa seeds 1. The particles of the upper layer particle substrate 31 and the lower layer particle substrate 32 are both in spherical particle shape. The top layer matrix adopts the design of an upper layer particle matrix 31 and a lower layer particle matrix 32 with different thicknesses, so that the ficus microcarpa seeds 1 are embedded in the upper layer particle matrix 31, and the particle diameter of the upper layer particle matrix 31 is a little larger, so that the ficus microcarpa seeds 1 have good air permeability and high germination rate; and the lower-layer particle matrix 32 also has an auxiliary blocking effect, and the ficus microcarpa seeds 1 are not easy to sink deeply into the lower-layer particle matrix 32 and stay in the lower-layer particle matrix 32, so that the seeds 1 grow more uniformly and stably.
d) Sowing: thoroughly watering the seedbed 1 day before planting, uniformly scattering seeds on the seedbed, covering seedling culture medium when exposed, and sprinkling water after seeding; two layers of films and one layer of sunshade net are needed to cover for seedling culture in winter; a layer of film of a heat-insulating layer is not needed for seedling culture in summer; the specific coverage mode of seedling culture in winter is as follows: one layer of film is used as a moisture-keeping layer and directly covered on the seedbed, the other layer of film is used as a heat-preserving layer and rises up to an arched shed with the height of about 2 meters, and a sunshade net with a 6-needle net is covered on the upper surface. In winter, 100 seeds are sowed each time, the sowing is repeated for 4 times, the germination rate of the seeds is observed 25 days after the sowing, average data are counted, and the results are shown in table 1.
e) Seedbed management: sowing in winter for about 26 days, taking out the seeds, and emerging the cotyledons; in summer, only 7 days are needed, the seed leaves need to grow for about 1 week, when the seed leaves grow out, the film covering the seedbed is immediately uncovered, when the true leaves grow out, the water-soluble instant fertilizer with the concentration of 2-3% is applied, the application is carried out for 1 time in one week, and the germination rate of the seeds reaches more than 90%.
f) Transplanting a seedling culture container: after growing on the seedbed for 2 months, when the height reaches 2-3 cm, the seedlings are moved to a beauty planting bag or a 50-hole plug tray. After 76 days, plant height, the number of leaves of each plant, the thickness of each plant rod and the thickness of each leaf are observed after the seeds are planted in a beautiful bag or a 50-hole plug, 30 plants are measured in total, average data are counted, and the results are shown in table 2. The seedlings were pulled out, the weight of the individual plant, the weight of the individual root and the ratio of the individual root weight were measured, and the average data were counted, and the results are shown in Table 3.
g) And (3) managing container seedlings: applying 2-3% water-soluble instant fertilizer for 1 time a week; if the ficus microcarpa damping-off is detected, hymexazol and urea-zinc acid are mixed for use, and the seedling stage is used for 3 times at most.
h) And (4) outplanting, namely outplanting after the seedlings grow to 5-10 cm high, wherein the outplanting is carried out from sowing to outplanting approximately, 4 months (12-4 months) are needed in winter, and the outplanting is carried out at 4-5 months. In summer, 3 months (8-11 months) and 12 months. The seedling level can be divided into first-level seedlings: 5-10 cm high, 5-7 leaves, the leaves are in 3 finger shape; second-stage seedling: 5-6 cm, 3-5 leaves, the leaves are in single finger shape.
And (3) comparison test:
1. comparison of germination percentage and high-quality sprout percentage
Compared with the fine river sand adopted by the existing full-leaf ficus microcarpa seeds as a matrix, the fine river sand is uniformly spread on a seedbed paved with the fine river sand; then, water is sprayed until the matrix is wet, and a shadow net is covered for moisture preservation. Each treatment was seeded with 100 seeds and repeated 4 times. The germination rate of the seeds is observed 22 days after sowing, and the average data is counted, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of germination rates and high quality sprout rates for different substrates
| Substrate | Number of sprouts | Percentage of germination (%) | Number of high quality sprouts | Percentage of high quality sprouts (%) | Significant level (1%) |
| PY1 | 92.25 | 92.25 | 82.25 | 82.25 | A |
| PY2 | 90.36 | 90.36 | 80.36 | 80.36 | A |
| Fine river sand | 40.12 | 40.12 | 20.56 | 20.56 | B |
As can be seen from Table 1, the germination rates of the tope substrates PY1 and PY2 are both about 40 percent higher than that of the fine river sand treatment, and the difference is very remarkable. The result shows that the top-layer matrix adopted by the invention can obviously improve the germination rate of the ficus microcarpa seeds, and the fine river sand is not suitable for accelerating germination of the ficus microcarpa seeds.
2. Comparison of seedling morphology and dry matter accumulation indexes
Respectively taking the surface soil and the grass peat, and sieving the materials through a 100-mesh sieve for later use. The steps of taking surface soil as a culture medium, sowing, managing and the like are the same as the first embodiment; the steps of seeding, managing and the like are the same as the second embodiment by taking the turf as the culture medium. Selecting 30 seed seedlings to measure the height, the number of leaves of each plant and the thickness of the plant stem, and counting the average data, wherein the results are shown in a table 2. The seedlings were pulled out, the weight of the individual plant, the weight of the individual root and the ratio of the individual root weight were measured, and the average data were counted, and the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 2 morphological indices of the substrates of different formulations
The results show that three morphological indexes of the ficus microcarpa seedlings cultivated by the cultivation media PY1 and PY2 are obviously superior to surface soil and are not ideal enough, wherein the plant height and the plant stem thickness are obviously superior to grass peat and surface soil, and the number of single plant leaves is equivalent to that of the grass peat. Therefore, the culture medium provided by the invention is beneficial to the vigorous growth of the ficus microcarpa seedlings.
TABLE 3 Dry matter accumulation of the bases of the different formulations
The results show that the individual plant weight and the individual root weight average of seedlings cultivated by the cultivation substrates PY1 and PY2 are obviously higher than that of surface soil and turf; the weight ratio of the single plant root is obviously higher than that of the grass peat and the surface soil. Therefore, compared with surface soil and turf, the culture medium provided by the invention is more beneficial to dry matter accumulation of the ficus microcarpa seedlings, can obviously improve the growth, dry matter accumulation and root-cap ratio of the plant height of the ficus microcarpa seedlings, is more beneficial to root growth, and improves the economic value of the ficus microcarpa.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial modifications made by using the design concept should fall within the scope of infringing the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A two-step method for raising seedlings of ficus microcarpa seeds is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
a) seed pretreatment: selecting a robust stock plant and a full-leaf banyan fruit with dark brown seed coat, kneading the pulp to separate seeds from the pulp, removing the seed coat, the pulp, impurities and shrunken seeds, harvesting the full and mature seeds, cleaning, airing and refrigerating for later use;
b) seed treatment before sowing: soaking the seeds in warm boiled water containing indoleacetic acid for 20 minutes, and then airing until only a small part of moisture is left in the seed coats and the palm slightly loses moisture; uniformly mixing the seeds with chlorothalonil and metolcarb powder, and sowing;
c) seedbed arrangement: the method comprises the following steps of making gullies 1.2 meters wide on a seedbed, filling seedling substrate in the gullies, wherein the seedling substrate is of an upper layer structure and a lower layer structure, the upper layer is top layer substrate, the lower layer is bottom layer substrate, the bottom layer substrate is sandy loam after the sandy loam is disinfected, refined and raked, the top layer substrate comprises surface soil, grass peat and organic fertilizer, and the surface soil, the grass peat and the rotten organic fertilizer are in a ratio of 1-2: 3-4: 6-8;
d) planting in the open field: thoroughly watering the seedbed 1 day before planting, uniformly scattering seeds on the seedbed, covering seedling culture medium when exposed, and sprinkling water after seeding; two layers of films and one layer of sunshade net are needed to cover for seedling culture in winter; a layer of film of a heat-insulating layer is not needed for seedling culture in summer;
e) seedbed management: sowing in winter for about 26 days, taking out the seeds, and emerging the cotyledons; only 7 days are needed in summer, the period of 1 week is needed when the seed leaves grow up, the film covering the seedbed is immediately uncovered when the seed leaves grow out, the water-soluble instant fertilizer with the concentration of 2-3% is applied when the true leaves grow out, the application is carried out for 1 time in one week, and the germination rate of the seeds reaches more than 90%;
f) transplanting a seedling culture container: after growing on the seedbed for 2 months, when the seedlings grow to 2-3 cm high, the seedlings are moved to a beauty planting bag or a 50-hole plug tray;
g) and (3) managing container seedlings: applying 2-3% water-soluble instant fertilizer for 1 time a week; if the ficus microcarpa has damping off, the hymexazol and the urea-formaldehyde-zinc acid are mixed for use, and the seedling stage is used for 3 times at most.
2. The method for two-step seedling raising of ficus microcarpa seeds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 3), the decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of sheep manure, 80-100 parts of cow manure, 20-30 parts of shell powder, 3-5 parts of soybean stalks and 10-12 parts of corn stalks, and the preparation method of the decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: 1) Uniformly mixing sheep manure, cow manure and shell powder, stacking, covering and naturally fermenting; 2) When the mixture of the sheep manure, the cow manure and the shell powder is naturally fermented for 15-16 days, chopping the soybean stalks and the corn stalks, adding the chopped soybean stalks and corn stalks into a fermentation pile, fully mixing the chopped soybean stalks and corn stalks with the sheep manure, the cow manure and the shell powder, and continuing to naturally ferment for 20-25 days to obtain a fermentation mixture; 4) and sterilizing and drying the fermented mixture to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer.
3. The method for two-step seedling raising of ficus microcarpa seeds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: before the chlorothalonil and the metolcarb powder are used for uniformly mixing seeds in the step b), the seeds are required to be subjected to nutrient solution atomization treatment.
4. The two-step seedling raising method for ficus microcarpa seeds as claimed in claim 3, wherein the two-step seedling raising method comprises the following steps: the nutrient solution atomization mode is as follows: the seed that will dry is arranged atomizing conveyer in and is carried out automatic atomization treatment, and this atomizing conveyer includes the frame and installs material conveyer belt and the atomizer chamber in the frame, and the intermediate part at material conveyer belt is established to this atomizer chamber cover, installs in this atomizer chamber to carry out the atomizer that atomization was handled to the seed on the material conveyer belt.
5. The method for two-step seedling raising of ficus microcarpa seeds according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the top layer matrix in the step c) comprises an upper layer particle matrix and a lower layer particle matrix which are granulated by a granulator and have an upper-layer structure and a lower-layer structure, and the ratio of the thickness of the upper layer particle matrix to the thickness of the lower layer particle matrix is 1: 6-8; the particle diameter of the upper layer of particle matrix is larger than that of the lower layer of particle matrix, and the particle size of the lower layer of particle matrix is equal to or slightly smaller than that of the ficus microcarpa seeds.
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