CN113306225A - 一种石材复合板和加工方法 - Google Patents
一种石材复合板和加工方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113306225A CN113306225A CN202010121898.3A CN202010121898A CN113306225A CN 113306225 A CN113306225 A CN 113306225A CN 202010121898 A CN202010121898 A CN 202010121898A CN 113306225 A CN113306225 A CN 113306225A
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- layer
- stone
- natural stone
- thickness
- composite board
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种石材复合板和加工方法,该加工方法将天然石材板材双面研磨整平至满足设定的厚度偏差标准值,然后将表平面经胶层与基材层压力复合,再进行对剖,将天然石材层进行定厚金刚砂辊刨和表面处理,制成超薄石材复合板。该加工方法制成的石材复合板弯曲性能好,平整性好,可加工尺寸范围较大,复合结构致密牢固,不易脱落,提高使用寿命,便于加工和裁切操作,提高成品率,提高施工效果和施工效率。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及建筑装饰技术领域,尤其涉及一种石材复合板及其加工方法。
背景技术
目前,在建筑装饰施工中,多需要用到板状的石材复合板对弯曲的墙面或柱面进行包裹贴敷装饰施工,现有技术的石材复合板多采用胶层将基层与石材复合连接构成,其厚度多较大,弯曲性能较差,及美观性能较差的问题。如现有技术的超薄柔性石材复合板的制作方法,包括以下步骤:步骤一、原料前处理,对天然石材的表面进行平整处理,然后对天然石材进行烘干,对柔性基板表面进行清洁处理;步骤二、涂胶处理,在所述天然石材和柔性基板表面涂粘合剂,粘合剂构成把两者粘合在一起构成石材复合板;步骤三、固化处理,将所述石材复合板进行加压固化48小时;步骤四、定尺寸处理,对加压固化后的石材复合板表面进行定长、定宽和定厚处理;步骤五、抛光处理,对石材复合板表面精磨抛光处理;步骤六、弯曲成型处理,对石材复合板按设定要求的弧度弯曲成型;步骤七、表面涂层处理,在石材复合板的表面涂覆光面涂料,以密封天然石材已经开裂的表面,形成致密且光亮的保护膜;此方法工艺生产出来的石材复合板的厚度多较大,且其弯曲性能较差,及美观性能较差。当进行超薄石材生产时,降低石材厚度会显著提高废品率,在生产过程中发生石材碎裂、脱胶。使用中,因发生脱胶、爆皮、漏胶等情况,产品寿命低。
发明内容
本申请提出一种石材复合板和加工方法,旨在解决现有技术中所存在的石材复合板的厚度多较大,弯曲性能较差,及美观性能较差的问题。
本申请一方面提供一种石材复合板的加工方法,包括以下步骤,
将天然石材板材双面研磨整平,直至满足设定的厚度偏差标准值;
将研磨整平后的所述天然石材板材(至少一个表平面)通过胶层与基材层压力复合;
对天然石材层进行定厚金刚砂辊刨;
对天然石材层进行表面处理。
本申请另一实施例还提供一种石材复合板加工方法,包括以下步骤:
将天然石材板材双面研磨整平,直至满足设定的厚度偏差标准值;
将研磨整平后的所述天然石材板材的两个表平面通过胶层与基材层压力复合;
将两个表平面上分别粘接有基材层的所述天然石材板材进行对剖;
对天然石材层进行定厚金刚砂辊刨;
对天然石材层进行表面处理。
在以上方案中优选的是,所述厚度偏差标准值为±δ,其中δ不大于最终产品的天然石材层厚度的1/10;
优选地,所述压力复合时的压力>30吨。
优选的,所述压力复合的步骤,将所述天然石材板材的表平面涂敷粘合剂,然后在所述粘合剂上分别覆盖基材层,再将所述天然石材板材与基材层冷压复合粘接。或者,将所述天然石材板材表平面覆盖固体热熔胶,然后在所述固体热熔胶上分别覆盖基材层,再将所述天然石材板材与基材层热压复合粘接。
优选地,所述热压复合的温度升高至不低于260摄氏度;进一步地,所述热压复合在压力条件下高温保持时长为20~30分钟。
进一步优选地,热压复合粘接后,在保持压力条件下冷却至室温。进一步地,在压力条件下低温保持时长为20~30分钟。
优选地,采用边缘带有金刚石刀头的带锯将顶面和底面上分别粘接有基材层的天然石材层进行横向对剖。
进一步优选地,所述带锯两端分别与转动轴连接,将所述转动轴施力,保持所述带锯张力,实现所述带锯的张力补偿。最佳地,对剖锯缝<3mm,对剖宽度为1.2m~2m。
优选的,所述定厚金刚砂辊刨的步骤,通过金刚砂表面的辊具对天然石材层进行辊刨至设定厚度。进一步优选地,所述金刚砂辊刨的步骤中,辊具宽度不小于石材层宽度。
优选地,所述表面处理的步骤中,对天然石材层表面进行表面研磨抛光或亚光处理、或通过钢丝刷形成皮革面、或通过在磨盘头上施加打点的力形成荔枝面。
在本申请的任意一个实施例中,优选的,所述天然石材板材的厚度为1.1~1.2cm。
在本申请的任意一个实施例中,优选的,表面处理后输出的所述石材复合板,天然石材层的厚度为0.5~2.5mm。
在本申请的任意一个实施例中,优选的,表面处理后输出的所述石材复合板的厚度为1~3mm。
在本申请的任意一个实施例中,优选的,表面处理后的所述石材复合板的天然石材层的厚度为0.1~1mm。
在本申请的任意一个实施例中,优选的,表面处理后的所述石材复合板的天然石材层的厚度为≤0.8mm,或厚度为≤0.6mm,或厚度为≤0.4mm,或厚度为≤0.2mm,或厚度为0.2~0.4mm,或厚度为0.4~0.6mm,或厚度为0.6~0.8mm。
本发明另一方面提供一种石材复合板,按本发明任意一个实施例所述加工方法所得,包括基材层、胶层、天然石材层,基材层的外表面通过胶层与天然石材层连接,天然石材层厚度为≤0.8mm,或<1mm,或0.5~2.5mm。
在以上方案中优选的是,基材层为柔性材料或刚性材料,所述柔性材料为金属、合金、高分子材料或纤维材料;所述刚性材料为瓷砖、复合木、高分子材料或玻璃等材料。
优选的,本申请实施例还包含对所述石材复合板制弯的步骤;所述石材复合板包括至少一个向外弯曲结构,所述向外弯曲结构的圆心位于基材层一侧;或所述石材复合板包括至少一个向内弯曲结构,所述向内弯曲结构的圆心位于天然石材层一侧;或所述石材复合板包括至少一个所述向外弯曲结构和至少一个所述向内弯曲结构。
进一步优选的,天然石材层的厚度为≤0.2mm,所述向外弯曲结构的曲率半径为不小于5cm;所述向内弯曲结构的曲率半径为不小于50cm;或天然石材层的厚度为0.2~0.4mm,所述向外弯曲结构的曲率半径为不小于50cm;所述向内弯曲结构的曲率半径为不小于100cm;或天然石材层的厚度为0.4~0.6mm,所述向外弯曲结构的曲率半径为不小于50cm;所述向内弯曲结构的曲率半径为不小于400cm。
本申请的至少一个实施例能够达到以下有益效果:
本申请的石材复合板加工方法和制成的超薄石材复合板,其能够解决现有技术中的石材复合板的厚度多较大,成品率低、寿命短的问题。
其石材复合板厚度均匀,平整性好,可加工尺寸范围较大;复合结构致密牢固,不易脱落,提高使用寿命;便于加工和裁切操作,提高成品率,提高施工效果和施工效率。
其石材复合板能够减小厚度,提高弯曲性能,能够满足对柱体的圆弧形凸起表面或对弯曲的墙体表面进行贴敷装饰的要求,同时保持装饰美观性能。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解,构成本申请的一部分,本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请,并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中:
图1为本申请的石材复合板加工方法的实施例流程图。
图2为本申请的石材复合板加工方法的另一实施例流程图。
图3为本申请方法的定厚研磨示意图。
图4为本申请方法的压力复合示意图。
图5为热压复合的温度周期示意图。
图6为本申请方法的对剖示意图。
图7为本申请方法的定厚金刚砂辊刨示意图。
图8为本申请的石材复合板的结构示意图。
图9为石材复合板的向外弯曲的状态示意图。
图10为石材复合板的向内弯曲的状态示意图。
图中,1为基材层,2为胶层,3为天然石材层,31为天然石材板材,32为平整面,4为定厚磨具,5为定厚金刚砂辊刨用辊具。图中,f为压力复合时的压力,t为石材复合板的厚度,w为石材复合板的宽度,s为锯缝宽度,t0为天然石材板材的厚度、t1’为对剖后的天然石材层的厚度、t1”为金刚砂辊刨后的天然石材层的厚度、t1为表面处理后的天然石材层的厚度、t2为基材层的厚度,r1为石材复合板向外弯曲结构的曲率半径,r2为石材复合板向内弯曲结构的曲率半径。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本申请具体实施例及相应的附图对本申请技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
以下结合附图,详细说明本申请各实施例提供的技术方案。
一种石材复合板加工方法,参见图1,包括步骤11~14:
步骤11,参见图3,将天然石材板材31双面研磨整平,直至满足设定的厚度偏差标准值;
在进行石材板材整平的步骤中,本申请创造性地实施厚度偏差控制。厚度偏差,是指石材板材不同位置的厚度差异。为使板材厚度一致,对石材板材表面进行研磨形成标准平面。
为达到此要求,本申请的研磨采用与传统工艺不同的研磨方式。传统的研磨方式,例如使用气动研磨方式的磨具,实现的是局部整平,在大范围内随石材表面凸凹浮动。而本申请研磨的步骤运用定厚研磨,是指设定尺度的研磨,例如使用丝杠传动的伺服电机精密控制磨具4位置,可使得所述天然石材板材31的表面被强制研磨至设定厚度t0;或者限定磨具工作面沿垂直石材表面方向运动所达到的最大位置,研磨到标定的平整面32为止。
优选地,所述厚度偏差标准值为±δ,其中δ不大于最终产品的天然石材层厚度的1/10。例如,对产品天然石材层厚度为2~3mm的,研磨至天然石材板材厚度偏差范围小于±0.2mm。本申请中的双面整平步骤中控制厚度偏差,提高石材均匀度,能够防止压力复合条件下石材破裂,也使步骤13~14中生成产品中具有更薄的天然石材层(例如小于1mm)成为可能;厚度偏差小的产品,能够提高使用寿命,避免胶体向石材表面发生不均匀的渗透而影响美观。
步骤12,参见图4,将研磨整平后的所述天然石材板材31的一个表平面通过胶层2与基材层1压力复合,其中箭头表示压力方向;
压力复合的手段,可以选择冷压复合或热压复合。
冷压复合时,所述压力复合,将所述天然石材板材的一个表平面涂敷粘合剂,然后在所述粘合剂上覆盖基材层,再将所述天然石材板材与基材层在室温、加压条件下粘接;所述粘合剂可以是包含环氧树脂。
热压复合时,所述压力复合,将所述天然石材板材的一个表平面覆盖固体热熔胶,然后在所述固体热熔胶上覆盖基材层,再将所述天然石材板材与基材层在加热、加压条件下粘接;其中热熔胶为固体胶,加热后熔化。
优选地,所述压力复合时的压力f>30吨。所述压力为均匀加压。压力保持时间为20分钟~4小时,所述天然石材板材或石材复合板的最大宽度可以为2m。
本申请中的压力复合技术手段,使产品抗老化程度高、延长产品寿命。尤其是热压复合能够获得更好的效果,防止产品老化破皮。
步骤13,参见图7,将所述石材复合板进行定厚金刚砂辊刨;
本申请创造了金刚砂辊刨的技术手段。所述金刚砂辊刨的步骤中,通过金刚砂表面的辊具5对天然石材层3表面切削至设定厚度。辊具为圆柱体,表面镀金刚砂。生产时,将复合板水平固定,基材层向下。辊具轴向平行于天然石材层表面,辊具旋转时,金刚砂表面接触石材层表面实现切削。为对抗辊具在石材层表面产生的切向力,基材层的下表面与刨床表面设置足够的摩擦力,以避免复合板滑动。优选地,通过伺服电机精密控制辊具表面的高度,对天然石材层切削到标定的厚度。
为了实现均匀的辊刨,优选的,辊具宽度不小于石材层宽度w。
需要说明的是,可以通过一次辊刨达到设定厚度,实现期望的厚度值,也可以分阶段地设定厚度,通过多次辊刨,最终实现期望的厚度。
还需要说明的是,设定厚度不小于产品天然石材层厚度值t1,且滚刨后,保持厚度偏差范围为±t1/10。
对所述石材复合板进行刚性的定厚辊刨,即其辊具4采用刚性压力对天然石材板材表面进行刨平,使得天然石材板材的厚度达到要求,同时能够提高厚度均匀性和表面平整度,而现有技术的研磨工艺,其磨盘位置受到天然石材板材表面倾斜程度影响,导致天然石材板材磨平后的厚度均匀性及表面平整度不良。
步骤14,对天然石材层进行表面处理。
将刚性定厚辊刨后的所述石材复合板的天然石材层3表面通过磨具进行表面研磨抛光(或亚光)处理、或通过钢丝刷形成皮革面、或通过施加打点的力形成荔枝面。
可以通过0~3000号磨具对天然石材层表面进行表面研磨处理,例如使用500号磨具,实现表面抛光。表面研磨会使石材复合板的厚度减小例如0.5mm。
表面研磨处理时,与步骤11一样,运用所述定厚研磨技术,对表面研磨过程进行精密控制,例如限定磨具工作面沿垂直石材表面方向运动所达到的最大位置,研磨到标定的平整面为止。
本申请的实施例采用金刚砂辊刨,可使超薄石材复合板的天然石材层厚度达到3mm以下,经进一步表面加工使天然石材层厚度在0.1~3mm范围内形成多种规格的产品。
金刚砂辊刨定厚使石层均匀、产品表面强度一致,后期加工方便、精度高、易弯曲、破损小。
在本申请的另一个实施例中,见图2,提供一种石材复合板加工方法,包括步骤21~25:
步骤21、将天然石材板材双面研磨整平,直至满足设定的厚度偏差标准值(同步骤11);
步骤22、将研磨整平后的所述天然石材板材的两个表平面通过胶层与基材层压力复合;
将所述天然石材板材的顶面和底面涂敷粘合剂,然后在所述粘合剂上分别覆盖基材层,再将所述天然石材板材与基材层冷压复合;或者,
将所述天然石材板材的顶面和底面分别覆盖固体热熔胶,然后在所述固体热熔胶上分别覆盖基材层,再将所述天然石材板材与基材层热压复合。
所述压力为均匀加压。优选地,所述压力复合时的压力f>30吨。所述天然石材板材或石材复合板的最大宽度可为2m。
如图5的热压复合的温度周期,优选地,所述热压复合过程中,高温Tmax不低于260摄氏度,且在恒定压力条件下保持合适的时长,例如,高温保持时长ΔT1为20~30分钟。
如图5的热压复合的温度周期,进一步优选地,热压复合过程中,还包含冷却的步骤。高温保持时间后,对加热设施和或环境进行冷却,在压力条件下冷却至低温Tmin,低温不高于室温(25摄氏度),且在恒定压力条件下保持合适的时间,例如,低温保持时长ΔT2为20~30分钟。
本实施例中的热压复合技术手段,进一步提高产品抗老化程度、延长产品寿命。热压复合冷却技术,使胶体冷却过程是在压力下进行应力释放,避免产品形变,进一步提高产品质量。
步骤23、将两个表平面上分别粘接有基材层的所述天然石材板材进行对剖,如图6所示;
例如,采用边缘带有金刚石刀头的带锯将顶面和底面上分别粘接有基材层的天然石材层进行横向对剖。
优选地,对剖锯缝<3mm;最佳地,对剖宽度为1.2m~2m。
其中,所述带锯可以为柔性金属带,其两端分别与转动轴连接,为了避免带锯在工作运动时的颤动导致石材大量破损,可应用张力技术,所述带锯两端分别与转动轴传动连接,将所述转动轴施力,使得带锯始终处于张紧状态,即保持带锯张力,实现所述带锯的张力补偿。
通过张力补偿技术,能够改变传统对剖机工作效率,使对剖宽度由传统对剖机的w<1.2m改变为>1.2m,并可增大至2m。另一方面,通过张力补偿能够减小锯缝宽度,减小石材加工损失,提高超薄石材生产率。通过调整张力补偿的精度,还能够进一步减小锯缝宽度,所需要的天然石材板材厚度还可以进一步减小。
步骤24、对天然石材层进行定厚金刚砂辊刨(同步骤13);
步骤25、对天然石材层进行表面处理(同步骤14)。
能够理解,本申请实施例步骤11或21中的厚度偏差的数值,与步骤14或25中成品的天然石材层厚度有关,成品的天然石材层厚度值越小,要求的厚度偏差值越小,例如表1。
表1厚度偏差举例
成品天然石材层厚度(mm) 天然石材板材双面整平厚度偏差(mm)
0.5 <±0.05
2~3 <±0.2
参见图3至图7,进一步地,以上实施例中各步骤的石材尺寸为,步骤11~12中,所述天然石材板材31的厚度为t0=1.1~1.2cm。
表面处理后输出的所述石材复合板的厚度为t=1~3mm。
本发明产品的一个系列,表面处理后输出的所述石材复合板,天然石材层3的厚度为t1=0.5~2.5mm。
本发明产品的另一个系列,表面处理后的所述石材复合板的天然石材层3的厚度为t1=0.1~1mm。
例如,步骤21中厚度t0为1.1cm的所述天然石材板材31,对剖后天然石材层厚度t1’为4mm,经步骤24刚性定厚辊刨后天然石材层厚度t1”为3mm,再经步骤25表面处理后天然石材层厚度t1为2.5mm;又例如,步骤24中进行多次进行刚性定厚辊刨后,再经表面处理后天然石材层厚度t1可以达到0.8mm以下。
还可以进一步地,表面处理后的所述石材复合板的天然石材层的厚度t1为≤0.8mm,或厚度为≤0.6mm,或厚度为≤0.4mm,或厚度为≤0.2mm,或厚度为0.2~0.4mm,或厚度为0.4~0.6mm,或厚度为0.6~0.8mm。
还可以进一步地,还包括以下步骤,将加工后的所述石材复合板切割成块。
还可以进一步地,还包括以下步骤,将所述石材复合板裁剪成形。其中基材层为柔性的非金属材料,例如碳纤维层。天然石材层厚度例如为≤0.2mm、或0.2~0.4mm。
还可以进一步地,包括以下步骤,将所述石材复合板冲压成块。其中,基材层为金属材料,例如铝材层或不锈钢层。天然石材层厚度例如为0.4~0.6mm、或0.6~0.8mm。
进一步地,本申请实施例还包含对所述石材复合板制弯的步骤。
需要说明的是,在对所述石材复合板进行所述向外弯曲结构和所述向内弯曲结构的加工制作时,可能会使得天然石材层产生微裂痕,此微裂痕可能是肉眼不可见的天然石材层内部的细微损伤,此时可以将天然石材层的表面进行固化处理,所述固化处理可以将天然石材层的表面涂覆腊层、或不饱和树脂层。
本申请还提出一种石材复合板,通过本申请中任一项实施例的加工方法制成,参见图8,所述石材复合板包括基材层1,基材层的外表面通过胶层2与天然石材层3连接,天然石材层通过研磨加工为厚度为t1≤0.8mm,或t1<1mm,或t1为0.5~2.5mm中的任意值。
例如,本申请的石材复合板的一个产品系列,其通过采用经研磨加工为厚度≤0.8mm的天然石材层,并通过胶层与基材层进行粘接,所得的石材复合板的厚度减小,且选择合适的基材层,具有良好的弯曲性能。具体地,天然石材层的厚度≤0.6mm时,其石材复合板的可塑性好,利于制成弯板;天然石材层的厚度≤0.4mm时,其石材复合板便于裁剪成所需形状块,且能够进行手工裁剪;天然石材层的厚度≤0.2mm时,石材复合板的柔性性能最好,且厚度小、重量轻,其石材复合板的手工裁剪效果最佳,且能够满足曲率条件下进行任意弯曲的需求。
再例如,本申请石材复合板的另一个产品系列,天然石材层厚度为<1mm,最大宽度为2m,能够用于敷设于弯曲表面。天然石材层厚度>1mm,最大宽度为2m,天然石材层定制范围为1~2.5mm范围内的任意厚度值t1,且厚度偏差范围±t1/10;基材层可以任意选择刚性材料或柔性材料。
在本申请的任意一个实施例中,天然石材层可以大理石、石灰石、石英石、洞石或花岗岩,以获得良好的装饰效果。
还可以进一步地,本申请任意一项实施例所述石材复合板的轮廓形状为矩形、任意多边形或任意形。石材复合板可以根据实际情况的需要加工成轮廓曲线封闭的任意形状,如规则多边形块,不规则多边形块,各种不规则形状块等。
本申请实施例的石材复合板,还可以进一步地,胶层为树脂胶层或高分子胶层,以保证天然石材层与基材层的粘接要求。
例如,胶层可以为用于石材和其他如金属材料粘接时使用的PU胶,即聚胺脂胶;可以为环氧树脂,即AB胶;还可以为用于表面修复的不饱和树脂;再例如,胶层为热熔胶。
还可以进一步地,本申请任意一项实施例的石材复合板,所使用的天然石材的摩氏硬度≤5。
在本申请的任意一个实施例中,基材层可以为柔性衬板,如不锈钢、铝合金或钛合金等金属衬板,也可以为碳纤维、玻璃纤维、高分子材料或石英纤维等非金属衬板。基材层也可以为刚性衬板,如瓷砖、复合木板、高分子材料或玻璃。所述柔性衬板、刚性衬板,可用设定的弹性模量值区分。
基材层的厚度t2,因材料不同,可以为0.1~1.1mm。
例如,在本申请的任意一个实施例中,所述碳纤维层的厚度为t2≤0.2mm,所述铝材层和不锈钢层的厚度为t2=0.5±0.05mm。
再例如,采用金属、合金、塑料或树脂材料的基材层的厚度为t2=1mm±0.1mm。
通过选用不同的基材层,搭配不同厚度的天然石材层,能够使石材复合板具有不同的柔性性能、强度性能、硬度性能和弹性性能,以满足不同需要。
进一步地,所述石材复合板包括至少一个向外弯曲结构,参见图9,所述向外弯曲结构的圆心位于基材层1一侧,外弯半径为r1;或所述石材复合板包括至少一个向内弯曲结构,参见图10,所述向内弯曲结构的圆心位于天然石材层3一侧,内弯半径为r2;或所述石材复合板包括至少一个所述向外弯曲结构和至少一个所述向内弯曲结构。这样,能够利于通过向外弯曲结构对柱体的圆弧形凸起表面进行贴敷装饰,或通过向内弯曲结构对弯曲的墙体表面进行贴敷装饰。
本实施例的石材复合板还可以进一步地,所述向外弯曲结构和所述向内弯曲结构的数量可以根据实际情况的需要设置为一个或两个以上,当所述石材复合板同时包括所述向内弯曲结构和所述向外弯曲结构时,所述向内弯曲结构和所述向外弯曲结构可以间隔分布。
本实施例的石材复合板还可以进一步地,天然石材层的厚度为t1≤0.2mm,所述向外弯曲结构的曲率半径为不小于r1min=5cm;所述向内弯曲结构的曲率半径为不小于r2min=50cm。此时,石材复合板的手工裁剪效果最佳,且能够满足此曲率条件下进行任意弯曲的需求。
本实施例的石材复合板及其加工方法,例如,天然石材层的厚度为0.2~0.4mm。此时,该石材复合板的重量轻,同时保持了良好的柔性性能,且具有较好的强度和硬度性能。进一步地,所述向外弯曲结构的曲率半径为不小于50cm;所述向内弯曲结构的曲率半径为不小于100cm。优选地,天然石材层通过研磨加工为厚度是0.3±0.03mm,以使得所述石材复合板的厚度适中。
本实施例的石材复合板,也可以进行裁剪成形加工,如通过强度和硬度符合要求的剪刀等工具对其进行裁剪成形,以便于根据实际情况的需要将石材复合板剪切成所需要的任意形状。
本实施例的石材复合板及其加工方法,再例如,天然石材层的厚度为0.4~0.6mm。此时,该石材复合板的强度性能和硬度性能好,同时保持了一定的柔性性能。进一步地,所述向外弯曲结构的曲率半径为不小于50cm;所述向内弯曲结构的曲率半径为不小于400cm。优选地,天然石材层通过研磨加工为厚度是0.5±0.05mm,以使得所述石材复合板的厚度适中。
本实施例的石材复合板,便于通过冲压设备进行裁剪成形,且便于根据实际情况的需要将石材复合板冲压成所需要的任意形状。
本实施的石材复合板及其加工方法,再例如,基材层为铝材层或不锈钢层,天然石材层的厚度为0.6~0.8mm。此时,该石材复合板具有很好的强度性能和硬度性能,当基材层为具有弹性的不锈钢层时,该石材复合板还可以具有良好的弹性性能。优选地,天然石材层通过研磨加工为厚度是0.7±0.07mm,以使得所述石材复合板的厚度适中。
本实施例的石材复合板,便于根据实际情况的需要制成任意形状。
本申请任意一个实施例的石材复合板可以粘附于木材、混凝土、石材、砖、玻璃、瓷砖或石膏板等基体上;能够用于家居设施装饰、公共设施装饰、墙体、家俱饰面、地板、天花板、交通工具内饰、仪器仪表等通信设备器材、电脑饰面和壳体或灯具部件等的装修或装饰。
以上所述仅为本申请的实施例而已,并不用于限制本申请。对于本领域技术人员来说,本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原理之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本申请的权利要求范围之内。
Claims (15)
1.一种石材复合板的加工方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤,
将天然石材板材双面研磨整平,直至满足设定的厚度偏差标准值;
将研磨整平后的所述天然石材板材通过胶层与基材层压力复合;
对天然石材层进行定厚金刚砂辊刨;
对天然石材层进行表面处理。
2.如权利要求1所述的石材复合板的加工方法,其特征在于,
将研磨整平后的所述天然石材板材的两个表平面通过胶层与基材层压力复合;
还包含以下步骤:
将两个表平面上分别粘接有基材层的所述天然石材板材进行对剖。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的加工方法,其特征在于,所述厚度偏差标准值为±δ,其中δ不大于最终产品的天然石材层厚度的1/10。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的加工方法,其特征在于,所述压力复合时的压力>30吨。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的加工方法,其特征在于,所述金刚砂辊刨的步骤中,通过金刚砂表面的辊具对天然石材层表面切削至设定厚度,辊具宽度不小于石材层宽度。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的加工方法,其特征在于,所述表面处理的步骤中,对天然石材层表面通过磨具进行表面研磨抛光或亚光处理、或通过钢丝刷形成皮革面、或通过施加打点的力形成荔枝面。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的加工方法,其特征在于,
所述压力复合,将所述天然石材板材的至少一个表平面覆盖固体热熔胶,然后在所述固体热熔胶上分别覆盖基材层,再将所述天然石材板材与基材层热压复合粘接;或者,
所述压力复合,将所述天然石材板材的至少一个表平面涂敷粘合剂,然后在所述粘合剂上分别覆盖基材层,再将所述天然石材板材与基材层冷压复合粘接。
8.如权利要求2所述的加工方法,其特征在于,采用边缘带有金刚石刀头的带锯将顶面和底面上分别粘接有基材层的天然石材层进行横向对剖。
9.如权利要求7所述的加工方法,其特征在于,所述热压复合的温度升高至不低于260摄氏度。
10.如权利要求7所述的加工方法,其特征在于,所述热压复合粘接,在保持压力条件下冷却至室温。
11.如权利要求8所述的加工方法,其特征在于,所述带锯两端分别与转动轴连接,将所述转动轴施力,保持所述带锯张力,实现所述带锯的张力补偿。
12.一种如权利要求1~11中任一项所述加工方法所得的石材复合板,其特征在于,基材层的外表面通过胶层与天然石材层连接,天然石材层厚度为≤0.8mm,或<1mm,或为0.5~2.5mm,或为0.1~1mm。
13.如权利要求12所述的石材复合板,其特征在于,表面处理后输出的所述石材复合板的厚度为1~3mm。
14.如权利要求12所述的石材复合板,其特征在于,基材层为柔性材料或刚性材料;
所述柔性材料为金属、合金、高分子材料或纤维材料;
所述刚性材料为瓷砖、复合木、高分子材料或玻璃。
15.如权利要求12所述的石材复合板,其特征在于,所述石材复合板包括至少一个向外弯曲结构,所述向外弯曲结构的圆心位于基材层一侧;或所述石材复合板包括至少一个向内弯曲结构,所述向内弯曲结构的圆心位于天然石材层一侧;或所述石材复合板包括至少一个所述向外弯曲结构和至少一个所述向内弯曲结构。
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