CN113207395A - Automatic rice field irrigation system based on water level monitoring - Google Patents

Automatic rice field irrigation system based on water level monitoring Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113207395A
CN113207395A CN202010057345.6A CN202010057345A CN113207395A CN 113207395 A CN113207395 A CN 113207395A CN 202010057345 A CN202010057345 A CN 202010057345A CN 113207395 A CN113207395 A CN 113207395A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
water
pipe
irrigation
gas
level monitoring
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Pending
Application number
CN202010057345.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
宁慧峰
刘浩
王广帅
许兆昆
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Farmland Irrigation Research Institute of CAAS
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Farmland Irrigation Research Institute of CAAS
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Priority to CN202010057345.6A priority Critical patent/CN113207395A/en
Publication of CN113207395A publication Critical patent/CN113207395A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
    • A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/007—Metering or regulating systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/02—Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil
    • A01C23/023—Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil for liquid or gas fertilisers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/06—Watering arrangements making use of perforated pipe-lines located in the soil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/16—Control of watering
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/16—Control of watering
    • A01G25/167—Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/02—Treatment of plants with carbon dioxide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/30—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats
    • G01F23/64—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats of the free float type without mechanical transmission elements
    • G01F23/68—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats of the free float type without mechanical transmission elements using electrically actuated indicating means
    • G01F23/70—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats of the free float type without mechanical transmission elements using electrically actuated indicating means for sensing changes in level only at discrete points
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention discloses a water level monitoring-based automatic rice field irrigation system which comprises a water inlet part, a gas-liquid mixing part, a water measuring part and an irrigation part, wherein the water inlet part comprises a filter, a water pipe and a pressure pump, the gas-liquid mixing part comprises a micro high-pressure air pump, an air storage device and an air inlet pipe, the water measuring part comprises a water source water measuring part and an earth surface-ground bottom water measuring part, the water source water measuring part comprises a water measuring pipe, an electromagnetic sheet, a metal sheet, a floating ball and a top seat, the irrigation part comprises a main irrigation net and a capillary net, the capillary net is installed on the main irrigation net, and the capillary net is connected with an auxiliary air pipe. The invention aerates in the soil, increases the gas content in the soil, is beneficial to the growth of various microorganisms, and simultaneously the gas can form various gaps in the soil, is beneficial to the soil to form a cavity structure and is greatly beneficial to the root respiration of crops.

Description

Automatic rice field irrigation system based on water level monitoring
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of irrigation, in particular to an automatic rice field irrigation system based on water level monitoring.
Background
At present, people are aware of the phenomenon of water waste in the prior irrigation, and therefore, the traditional flooded cultivation mode is gradually changed into a water-saving cultivation mode, for example, an automatic intelligent irrigation system for paddy fields in the patent (ZL 2014200407193) comprises a water lifting pump station, a farm canal, an automatic control device for field irrigation and a soil moisture monitoring device for paddy fields; the water lifting pump station is arranged at the water source side and comprises a water inlet pool communicated with the water source, a water outlet pool communicated with the agricultural canal, a group of water lifting pumps provided with variable frequency motors and a water lifting pump opening and closing controller for controlling the opening and closing of the variable frequency motors of the water lifting pumps; a water inlet A and a water outlet A of the water lift pump respectively correspond to the water inlet pool and the water outlet pool, a liquid level sensor A and a liquid level sensor B are respectively arranged in the water inlet pool and the water outlet pool, and the liquid level sensor A and the liquid level sensor B are connected to a water lift pump start-stop controller; the agricultural channels consist of main channels and branch channels communicated with the main channels, and the main channels are directly communicated with the water outlet pool; the paddy field soil moisture monitoring device comprises an underground water level observation well, a liquid level meter arranged in the underground water level observation well and a paddy field soil moisture controller, wherein the paddy field soil moisture controller can control the action of a water lifting pump start-stop controller according to an output signal of the liquid level meter; and the automatic control devices for farmland irrigation are arranged between the farmland and the agricultural canal and are used for automatically irrigating the farmland or cutting off irrigation according to the water level of the farmland with irrigation water in the branch canals. The water saving device mainly monitors underground water to realize intermittent water pumping so as to achieve the water saving effect.
Meanwhile, other various ways are used for realizing water saving, but the principle is almost the same, and irrigation is carried out based on the water demand of crops. However, in the actual irrigation process, the single water-saving system cannot achieve a good effect due to the influences of water evaporation capacity of regions, cloudy weather and water requirements of different crops. Meanwhile, due to the use of chemical fertilizers, a large number of microorganisms are killed, so that soil hardening is caused, and water cannot rapidly permeate into soil layers during irrigation. The retention time of the water on the surface is too long, and the evaporation capacity is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks and deficiencies of the prior art, it would be desirable to provide an automatic rice field irrigation system based on water level monitoring.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the automatic rice field irrigation system based on water level monitoring comprises a water inlet part, a gas-liquid mixing part, a water measuring part and an irrigation part,
the water inlet part comprises a filter, a water pipe and a pressure pump, the filter comprises a shell and a primary filter screen, the shell is of a horn structure, the primary filter screen is arranged at the opening at the lower end of the shell through screws, two side openings are arranged on the side surface of the shell, a sand outlet pipe parallel to the side surface of the shell is fixed on the side openings through screws, an elastic filter screen is fixed at the upper position of the inner side of the side opening through a sealing element, an annular magnet is arranged at the contact position of the sand outlet pipe and the elastic filter screen through a screw, the magnet is tangent to the inner wall of the sand outlet pipe, the water outlet of the filter is connected with one end of the water pipe through a sealing connecting piece, the other end of the water pipe is connected with a water inlet of the pressure pump through a sealing element, a water outlet end of the pressure pump is connected with a fertilizer box, and an electric heating pipe is installed in the fertilizer box through a sealing connecting piece;
the gas-liquid mixing part comprises a micro high-pressure gas pump, a gas storage device and a gas inlet pipe, wherein the gas inlet end of the micro high-pressure gas pump is connected to a gas outlet at the lower end of the gas storage device through a connecting piece, the gas storage device comprises a tank body and a gas inlet pipe, the tank body is divided into a plurality of layers, each layer is connected with different gas inlet pipes, the tank body is provided with a main gas inlet tank cover, the main gas inlet tank cover is provided with a branch gas pipe corresponding to each layer, the branch gas pipes are connected with the main gas inlet pipe, the outlet end of each branch gas pipe is provided with a one-way rubber gas plug, a two-way valve is arranged at the opening of the main gas inlet pipe, and an auxiliary gas pipe is connected to the output port of the micro high-pressure gas pump;
the water measuring part comprises a water source water measuring part and a ground surface-ground bottom water measuring part, the water source water measuring part comprises a water measuring pipe, electromagnetic sheets, metal sheets, a floating ball and a top seat, a battery, an induction circuit board and a signal output circuit board are installed in the top seat, the top seat is installed at the top of the water measuring pipe in a threaded mode, a plurality of symmetrical through holes are formed in the water measuring pipe, an electromagnetic coil is bonded to the outer side of each through hole and connected with the electromagnetic sheets, the two corresponding electromagnetic sheets are located on the same horizontal plane, the floating ball is placed in the water measuring pipe, one metal sheet is fixed to each symmetrical side of the floating ball, the ground surface-ground bottom water measuring part comprises a soil water sensor, a data collector and a wireless transmission module, and the data collector and the wireless transmission module are connected to pins of the soil water sensor respectively,
the irrigation part comprises a main irrigation network and a capillary network, the capillary network is installed on the main irrigation network, the capillary network is connected with the auxiliary air pipes, the auxiliary air pipes are attached to the main irrigation network, and the capillary network and the auxiliary air pipes are connected through two-way pipes.
In the invention, furthermore, a twistable end cover is arranged at the pipe orifice of the sand outlet pipe, and water outlet holes in a circular array are arranged on the end cover.
In the invention, the fertilizer box is of a cylindrical structure, the diameter of the middle part of the fertilizer box is 2-3 times of that of the pressure pump, and a feed hopper is arranged at a feed inlet above the fertilizer box.
In the invention, further, a plurality of sealing rings are arranged inside the connecting piece.
In the invention, further, the length of the sum of the floating ball and the two metal sheets is smaller than the distance between the two electromagnetic sheets.
In the invention, further, the soil moisture sensor, the data collector and the wireless transmission module are all arranged in a shell, and the data collector and the wireless transmission module communicate signals with each other.
The biological nitrogen fertilizer device comprises an incubator, a culture layer, nitrobacteria balls, a traditional Chinese medicine residue liquid cylinder and a water passing layer, a box cover is arranged above the incubator, two through holes are formed in the box cover, the traditional Chinese medicine residue liquid cylinder is sleeved in one through hole, the culture layer is arranged below the traditional Chinese medicine residue liquid cylinder and positioned in the incubator, the nitrobacteria balls are placed on the culture layer, an included angle of 1-5 degrees is formed between the culture layer and the horizontal plane, a liquid outlet is formed in the lower end of the culture layer, the water passing layer is arranged below the culture layer, and the water inlet end of the water passing layer is connected with the main irrigation net in parallel.
In the invention, a weighing scale is further arranged below the fertilizer box, and the fertilizer box, the pressure pump and the main irrigation net are connected through a flexible corrugated pipe fitting.
In the invention, the nitrifying bacteria ball is further made of hollow spheres made of bamboo and internally provided with nitrifying bacteria mud.
In the invention, further, the lower end of the traditional Chinese medicine residue liquid cylinder is provided with water leakage holes in an array.
To sum up, the beneficial effect of this application:
1. the irrigation mode below the soil is adopted, so that the transpiration of the natural environment to wind is greatly reduced, and the root system of the crop can fully absorb water;
2. the air is introduced into the soil, so that the gas content in the soil is increased, various gaps can be formed in the soil by the gas while the growth of various microorganisms is facilitated, the soil can form a cavity structure, and the root system respiration of crops is greatly facilitated;
3. the interaction of the nitrobacteria and the traditional Chinese medicine residue fertilizer fundamentally improves the problem of soil hardening and improves the damage of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to the soil. Improve soil quality and make it possible to crop various crops.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of the overall system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the water inlet portion of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a filter in the water inlet part;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the water measuring tube of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic bottom view of the water measuring tube;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the biological nitrogen fertilizer apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view of the biological nitrogen fertilizer apparatus;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the surface-ground water measuring part of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure between the secondary air pipe and the irrigation net according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the gas storage device of the present invention.
Reference numbers in the figures:
a filter-1; a water pipe-2; a pressure pump-3; a fertilizer can-4; an electric heating tube-5; a miniature high-pressure air pump-6; a gas storage device-7; a subsidiary air pipe-10; a water measuring pipe-11; an electromagnetic sheet-12; sheet metal-13; a floating ball-14; a top seat-15; an electromagnetic coil-16; a wireless transmission module-17; a main irrigation net-18; capillary network-19; a feed hopper-20; weighing-21; biological nitrogen fertilizer device-30; incubator-31; culture layer-32; nitrobacteria balls-33; a traditional Chinese medicine residue liquid cylinder-34; a water passing layer-35; a data collector-36; a soil moisture sensor-45;
shell-1.1; 1.2 of a primary filter screen; a sand outlet pipe-1.3; 1.4 parts of an elastic filter screen; 1.5 of magnet;
7.1 parts of a tank body; an air inlet pipe-7.2; 7.3 parts of a total air inlet tank cover; bronchus-7.4; total intake pipe-7.5.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the automatic rice field irrigation system based on water level monitoring comprises a water inlet part, a gas-liquid mixing part, a water measuring part and an irrigation part,
as shown in fig. 1, the water inlet part comprises a filter 1, a water pipe 2 and a pressure pump 3, the filter 1 comprises a shell 1.1 and a primary filter screen 1.2, as shown in fig. 3, the shell 1.1 is of a horn structure, the primary filter screen 1.2 is installed at the lower end opening of the shell 1.1 through screws, two side openings are arranged on the side surface of the shell 1.1, a sand outlet pipe 1.3 parallel to the side surface of the shell 1.1 is fixed on the side openings through screws, an elastic filter screen 1.4 is fixed at the position above the inner side of each side opening through a sealing element, an annular magnet 1.5 is installed at the contact position of the sand outlet pipe 1.3 and the elastic filter screen 1.4 through screws, the magnet 1.5 is tangent to the inner wall of the sand outlet pipe 1.3, the water outlet of the filter 1 is connected with one end of the water pipe 2 through a sealing connecting element, the other end of the water pipe 2 is connected with the water inlet of the pressure pump 3 through a sealing element, the water outlet end of the pressure pump 3 is connected with a fertilizer box 4, and an electric heating pipe 5 is arranged in the fertilizer box 4 through a sealing connecting piece;
the gas-liquid mixing part comprises a micro high-pressure air pump 6, a gas storage device 7 and a gas inlet pipe 7.2, the gas inlet end of the micro high-pressure air pump 6 is connected to the gas outlet at the lower end of the gas storage device 7 through a connecting piece, as shown in fig. 10, the gas storage device 7 comprises a tank body 7.1 and a gas inlet pipe 7.2, the tank body 7.1 is divided into a plurality of layers, each layer is connected with different gas inlet pipes 7.2, the tank body 7.1 is provided with a main gas inlet tank cover 7.3, the main gas inlet tank cover 7.3 is provided with branch gas pipes 7.4 corresponding to each layer, the branch gas pipes 7.4 are connected with a main gas inlet pipe 7.5, the outlet end of each branch gas pipe 7.4 is provided with a one-way rubber gas plug, the opening of the main gas inlet pipe 7.5 is provided with a two-way valve, as shown in fig. 9, and the outlet of the micro high-pressure air pump 6 is connected with an auxiliary gas pipe 10; when the reaction of crops to different gases is required to be tested, different layers are required to be separated for gas filling, and when the crops are irrigated, mixed gas is generally added, so that layered gas filling is not required. In most cases, carbon dioxide is added, which is beneficial to crop absorption and formation of trace carbonic acid, so that the hardening condition of soil is changed. The volume of gas added can be added according to actual needs, but in practice, the gas is not required to be added in an excessive amount so as to cause adverse effects on crops, and the proportion of the added gas generally occupies 1/2-3/4 of the whole irrigation network. The inlet pipe 7.2 is used for feeding different gases during the experiment and is arranged below different layers.
The water measuring part comprises a water source water measuring part and a ground surface-ground bottom water measuring part, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the water source water measuring part comprises a water measuring pipe 11, an electromagnetic sheet 12, a metal sheet 13, a floating ball 14 and a top seat 15, a battery, an induction circuit board and a signal output circuit board are installed in the top seat 15, the top seat 15 is installed at the top of the water measuring pipe 11 in a threaded manner, a plurality of symmetrical through holes are formed in the water measuring pipe 11, an electromagnetic coil 16 is bonded on the outer side of each through hole, the electromagnetic coil 16 is connected with the electromagnetic sheet 12, two corresponding electromagnetic sheets 12 are located on the same horizontal plane, one floating ball 14 is placed in the water measuring pipe 11, one metal sheet 13 is respectively fixed on two symmetrical sides of the floating ball 14, as shown in fig. 8, the ground surface-ground bottom water measuring part comprises a soil moisture sensor 45, The data collector 36 and the wireless transmission module 17, the data collector 36 and the wireless transmission module 17 are respectively connected to the pins of the soil moisture sensor 45,
irrigation part includes main irrigation network 18 and capillary network 19, capillary network 19 installs main irrigation network 18 is last connect on the capillary network 19 vice trachea 10, vice trachea 10 laminating is in on the main irrigation network 18, connect through the bi-pass between capillary network 19 and the vice trachea 10.
The sand outlet pipe 1.3 is provided with an end cover which can be unscrewed, and the end cover is provided with water outlet holes in a circular array. The fertilizer box 4 is of a cylindrical structure, the diameter of the middle part of the fertilizer box is 2-3 times that of the outlet of the pressure pump, and a feed hopper 20 is arranged at a feed inlet above the fertilizer box 4. The inside of connecting piece has a plurality of sealing washer, prevents that gas from escaping. The length of the floating ball 14 and the two metal sheets 13 is less than the distance between the two electromagnetic sheets 12. As shown in fig. 8, the soil moisture sensor 45, the data collector 36 and the wireless transmission module 17 are all installed in a casing, and the data collector 36 and the wireless transmission module 17 communicate with each other. As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the biological nitrogen fertilizer apparatus 30 further comprises a culture box 31, a culture layer 32, nitrifying bacteria balls 33, a traditional Chinese medicine residue liquid cylinder 34 and a water passing layer 35, a box cover is arranged above the culture box 31, two through holes are arranged on the box cover, the traditional Chinese medicine residue liquid cylinder 34 is sleeved in one through hole, the culture layer 32 is arranged below the medicine residue liquid cylinder 34 and positioned in the culture box 31, a plurality of nitrifying bacteria balls 33 are arranged on the culture layer 32, an included angle of 1-5 degrees is formed between the culture layer 32 and the horizontal plane, liquid can flow into the water passing layer 35 favorably, as a large number of nitrifying bacteria balls 33 are arranged in the culture layer 32, the medicine residue liquid can be prevented from directly flowing downwards, meanwhile, the medicine residue liquid digested by the nitrifying bacteria balls 33 has certain viscosity, therefore, when the medicine residue liquid falls into the water passing layer 35, the medicine residue liquid falls into and can take away a part of the propagated nitrifying bacteria, the nitrifying bacteria pellet 33 may be made as a mixed pellet of a plurality of different bacteria, the pellet itself being a nutrient for its survival, and the opening above the nitrifying bacteria pellet 33 providing oxygen and light, the hole being stoppable by a stopple if light and oxygen are not required. A lower liquid outlet is arranged at the lower end of the culture layer 32, a water passing layer 35 is arranged below the culture layer 32, and the water inlet end of the water passing layer 35 is connected with the main irrigation network 18 in parallel. A weighing scale 21 is arranged below the fertilizer box 4, and the fertilizer box 4, the pressure pump 3 and the main irrigation net 18 are connected through flexible corrugated pipe fittings. The nitrifying bacteria ball 33 is made of hollow sphere made of bamboo and internally provided with nitrifying bacteria mud. The lower end of the traditional Chinese medicine residue liquid cylinder 34 is provided with water leakage holes in an array.
In the system, an electric control box part is also arranged, controls the specific process of the whole system, can be connected to an intelligent control module, and can adjust the working process of the whole system according to the water demand of different crops.
The water source water measuring part in the water measuring part and the filter 1 in the water inlet part are both arranged in a water source, such as a motor-pumped well and a pond. The water source water measuring part fixes the water measuring pipe 11 on the side surface of the filter 1 through a rope or other objects, the length of the water measuring pipe 11 is 100-plus-150 cm, at least 80cm is positioned below the water surface, the electromagnetic coil 16 on the water measuring pipe 11 is connected on the sensing circuit board through a wire and provides power through a battery, the battery simultaneously provides power for the sensing circuit board and the signal output circuit board, the signal output circuit board collects water level signals from the sensing circuit board and transmits data through a wireless module or a wired module, and the data are transmitted into the electric control box.
The electromagnetic coil 16 guides a magnetic field into the water measuring pipe 11 through the electromagnetic sheet 12, then the lifting of the metal sheet 13 and the floating ball 14 cuts the magnetic field to generate current, and then the height of the water level is determined according to the time or the distance of the current reaching the induction circuit board. The distance between two adjacent electromagnetic sheets 12 is generally about 10 cm.
The set depth of the ground surface-ground bottom water measuring part at the greenhouse field is 0-40mm (the depth cannot be too deep because water penetrates downwards during actual irrigation), and the lower limit of the soil water content is set to be 70% of the saturated water content. The soil moisture sensor 45 automatically records water level change or soil water content, and when the water layer naturally falls to a corresponding lower limit according to the water requirement law of different growth periods of crops, a decision module in the electric control box sends an instruction to an irrigation system, and the electromagnetic valve is opened for irrigation. In addition, the module can automatically calculate the evaporation capacity of the crops at different time scales according to the daily scale or the hourly scale.
When water is fed, the pressure pump 3 pumps water into the fertilizer box 4 through the filter 1 and the water pipe 2, fertilizer can be put above the feed hopper 20 in advance, and then the fertilizer falls into the fertilizer box 4 at a constant speed in the irrigation process. Because the volume of the fertilizer box 4 is larger than that of the water pipe 2, the flow speed of water in the fertilizer box 4 is reduced, and if the upper layer is frozen in cold weather, the electric heating pipe 5 is needed for heating, but the situation is less. In the south or middle regions, the presence of the electrical heating tube 5 may be omitted. While the electric heating pipe 5 is needed in the irrigation process of the greenhouse in the north.
Install weighing scale 21 below the can fertilizer 4, and because the both ends of can fertilizer 4 are because deformable bellows connect the installation, consequently, when needs fertilize for the crop, the quality of adding fertilizer can directly be got through weighing scale 21, then when adding water and diluting, need close the valve between can fertilizer 4 and main irrigation net 18 earlier, draw water again, after adding water and diluting, open the valve, irrigate fertilizer and water together in the soil again.
In the system, in the most important theory, the main irrigation network 18 and the capillary network 19 are buried 5-10cm below the soil, and gas is required to be added into the main irrigation network 18 and the capillary network 19 through a gas-liquid mixing part before irrigation, wherein the added gas can be carbon dioxide or nitrogen or other mixed gas. The tank 7.1 is used for realizing gas addition, and natural gas can also be added. After gas is added into the main irrigation network 18 and the capillary network 19, the electromagnetic valve of the gas-liquid mixing part is closed, the gas is filled in the main irrigation network 18 and the capillary network 19, and when irrigation is carried out, the gas is pressed out from the outlet of the capillary network 19 by the pressure of water, so that the gas enters the soil, and the soil is loosened. Due to the fact that the soil below is adopted for irrigation, the water outlet can be blocked by soil, the soil is loosened through ventilation, then under the impact of high-pressure water flow, the time is long, a hole can be formed at the water outlet, and the soil cannot be blocked next time. Even if the water is blocked again for various reasons, the water can be flushed away again under the action of gas and high-pressure water flow. The soil can not be flushed only after hardened and hardened due to long-term non-irrigation, but at the moment, if crops need to be planted, the soil needs to be loosened again.
The primary filter screen 1.2 in the filter 1 can filter some larger impurities, such as branches, etc., and as the filter can pump water from different water sources, even the phenomenon of pumping the aquatic organisms such as fish, etc., can occur, the primary filter screen 1.2 is needed to prevent the aquatic organisms from entering the water pipe 2. Other small impurities enter the filter 1 and are filtered through the elastic filter screen 1.4, the flow rate of water is not constant in a stable state when water is pumped, the elastic filter screen 1.4 is rebounded due to unsteady water flow, impurities attached to the elastic filter screen 1.4 can be rebounded to one side due to force formed by the elastic filter screen and the water flow during rebounding, and the magnet 1.5 is responsible for adsorbing some iron impurities onto the magnet 1.5 to prevent the iron impurities from entering the pressure pump 3 and damaging the service life of the pressure pump 3.
The biological nitrogen fertilizer applicator 30 is connected in parallel to the main irrigation net 18, and the water in the main irrigation net 18 returns to the main irrigation net 18 through a water passing layer 35 below the incubator 31. The middle part of the culture box 31 is concave inwards to fix the culture layer 32, the nitrobacteria balls 33 are placed on the culture layer 32, then the box cover is covered, and the traditional Chinese medicine residue liquid cylinder 34 is placed on a through hole on the box cover. The herb residue powder is poured into the culture layer 32, and water is added, and the water can form suspension of the herb residue powder and slowly flow into the culture layer. The nitrifying bacteria balls 33 obtain nutrition therein and propagate, the traditional Chinese medicine residue suspension is also decomposed into other products in the propagation process, the products flow into the water passing layer 35, the nitrifying bacteria and the like are slowly accumulated and further propagate and decompose the traditional Chinese medicine residues, and the valve is opened until irrigation is needed, the traditional Chinese medicine residues are irrigated into a soil layer, so that the soil components are effectively changed, and the soil caking phenomenon is effectively changed. The decomposed traditional Chinese medicine dregs contain nutrient components required by other microorganisms, and can also form nitrogen fertilizer required by crops, thereby well promoting the growth of the crops.
As the leaves of the crops and the like can also absorb water, if necessary, the plants can be matched with a common irrigation system. This is not generally required because the crop in the greenhouse is in less demand. At each node connection of the system, an electromagnetic valve can be selectively installed according to needs, and when the irrigation quantity is calculated, the judgment can be carried out according to comprehensive data such as water level reduction, irrigation time and the like of the water measuring pipe 11, and an ultrasonic water meter can be installed on an irrigation network for measuring the irrigation quantity.
The following field irrigation test conditions were compared in two areas, Xinyang and Xinxiang:
example 1:
summary of test area:
the test was carried out in 2018 at Nongyang City farm college in Henan province from 5 to 9 months. The annual average rainfall capacity of the test station is 800-1200 mm, the annual average temperature is 15.2 ℃, the annual average relative humidity is 77%, the annual average sunshine duration is 1900-2100 h, and the frost-free period is 225 days on average, and belongs to a subtropical zone-to-warm-temperature zone transition region. The soil in the test area is rice soil, the total nitrogen content is 1.29g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 0.40g/kg, the total potassium content is 1.59g/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus content is 10.1mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium content is 67.8 mg/kg; the volume weight of the soil is 1.51g/cm3, and the saturated water content is 29.6%.
Design of experiments
The tested material is a one-season mid-indica late-maturing variety Gaoyou 188 with a wide planting area in the area, sowing is carried out in 26 days in 4 months, seedling is raised in a dry manner, single seedling is transplanted in 16 days in 5 months, the plant row spacing is 20cm multiplied by 20cm, the transplanted leaves are four leaves and one heart, harvesting is carried out in 20 days in 9 months, and the whole growth period is 148 d. A conventional irrigation system (A group) and a ground-bottom control irrigation system are arrangedTwo irrigation modes of irrigation (the system and the group B) are adopted, irrigation water layers are not established in other growth periods except for a water layer with the thickness of 0-25 mm and a yellow mature period which naturally fall dry in the controlled irrigation, the upper limit of the soil moisture content is the saturated moisture content, and the lower limit of the root layer soil moisture content in the tillering period, the jointing and booting period, the heading and flowering period and the milk mature period is 60-80% of the saturated moisture content; in addition to the natural drying in the sun at the late tillering stage and the natural drying at the yellow mature stage by conventional irrigation, water layers of 0-40mm are established in other growth stages (table 1). The ridge is built in the residential area and is wrapped by a plastic film to prevent the water and the fertilizer from flowing and flowing, and the area is 60m2Three replicates.
Test method
Observation index and measurement method: soil moisture content (drying method, soil depth of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm, 80-100 cm, planned soil wet layer depth at tillering stage of 20cm, heading stage, heading flowering stage, milk stage and yellow stage of 40cm), plant height (plant height is measured at each growth stage fixed point for 5 holes per cell), stem tillering dynamics (5 holes per cell are measured, number of tillers in a single hole is measured every 10 days before turning green to heading), leaf area (leaf area index is measured by a specific gravity method for plants with an average number of 50cm x 50cm per cell stem tillering), single leaf photosynthetic rate (Li-6400 photosynthetic apparatus manufactured by American LICOR Co., Ltd.), quality index, protein and amino acid content (determined by the food quality supervision and inspection assay center of the Ministry of agriculture (Wuhan)). The method is characterized in that each district independently irrigates water and records the irrigation amount by using a water meter, a conventional irrigation district is provided with a bottomless covered measuring barrel with the diameter of 30cm and the depth of 1m, the water surface in the barrel is flush with the field surface during irrigation, and the depths of the water layer in the barrel and the field surface are regularly observed. Weather data such as sunshine duration, wind speed, average relative humidity, highest temperature, lowest temperature and rainfall are obtained by a local weather station. And (4) calculating the water consumption in the whole growth period and the whole growth period by using a water consumption balance equation, and calculating the evapotranspiration amount of the reference crops by using the corrected Penman-Monteith equation.
Data processing
TABLE 1 soil moisture control index and irrigation frequency for different irrigation modes at each growth stage
Figure BDA0002373256020000111
Water consumption (mm) and water saving percentage (%) of different irrigation modes for each growth stage of rice
Figure BDA0002373256020000112
Example 2:
the field test is carried out in 2019 in 5-10 months at the seven Ri camp test base (Henan New county) of Farmland irrigation research institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences. The tested variety is selected from conventional japonica rice 22 with wide planting area in Henan along yellow rice region. Sowing in the middle of 5 months, transplanting in the middle of 6 months, planting row spacing 13cm multiplied by 30cm, and 2 seedlings per hole. The soil quality is sandy loam, the mass fraction of the effective nitrogen of a plough layer is 24.38mg/kg, the mass fraction of the quick-acting phosphorus is 53.68mg/kg, and the mass fraction of the quick-acting potassium is 158.62 mg/kg. The annual average temperature is 14.1 ℃, the annual average rainfall is about 600mm, wherein the rainfall is more in 7-9 months and accounts for more than 70% of the annual rainfall. The average evaporation capacity of the evaporator is about 2000 mm for many years.
The method adopts two factors of an irrigation mode and a nitrogen level for treatment and a fission design, wherein the irrigation mode is a main area, the nitrogen level is a secondary area, and the treatment is carried out for 8 times. The two irrigation modes are conventional flooding irrigation (W) and control irrigation (D), the flooding irrigation is carried out, except for sunning the field at the later tillering stage and water is cut off a week before harvesting, and water layers with the thickness of 30-40 mm are kept in the rest growth stages (the tillering stage, the joint-pulling and booting stage, the heading and flowering stage and the grain filling stage); the water layer is not established again in other growth periods except for keeping the water layer with the thickness of 5-20 mm to turn green and live after transplanting by controlled irrigation, the upper limit of the soil water control of the root layer is the saturated water content, the lower limit is 60-80% of the saturated water content of the soil according to different growth periods, namely 60-70% of the tillering period (the early stage is high and the later stage is low), 70-75% of the booting period of the jointing stage, 75-80% of the heading and flowering period and 65-70% of the milk stage. The nitrogen fertilizer uses urea, the nitrogen level is set with three treatments of low fertilizer (LN, 90kg/hm2 pure nitrogen), medium fertilizer (MN, 180kg/hm2) and high fertilizer (HN, 270kg/hm2), and the base fertilizer is used as a contrast with no fertilizer (CK): and (3) fertilizing the tillers: spike fertilizer is 1: 1: 2, respectively applying spike fertilizer in the age stages of four fallen leaves and two fallen leaves in equal amount; p, K fertilizer is applied at the same time as conventional cultivation, P2O 5150 kg and K2O 150kg per hectare. The zones are ridged and wrapped by plastic films to prevent water and fertilizer from spreading, the area is 325m2, and the steps are repeated for three times. And each district drains and irrigates independently and measures the irrigation amount by a water meter. The other management measures are implemented according to the conventional cultivation requirements.
Water consumption (mm) and water saving percentage (%) of different irrigation modes for each growth stage of rice
Figure BDA0002373256020000121
According to the two embodiments, the system is used for irrigation, so that waste of water resources is greatly saved. In the two experiments, the biological nitrogen fertilizer apparatus was used, but since the quantitative data could not be quantified well, the data was kept after long-term culture, and thus no relevant data was recorded in the table.
The foregoing description is only exemplary of the preferred embodiments of the application and is provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the technology and the like. Meanwhile, the scope of the invention according to the present application is not limited to the technical solutions in which the above-described technical features are combined in a specific manner, and also covers other technical solutions in which the above-described technical features or their equivalent are combined arbitrarily without departing from the inventive concept described above. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.

Claims (10)

1. Automatic irrigation system in paddy field based on water level monitoring, including water inlet portion, gas-liquid mixture part, survey water part and irrigation part, characterized by:
the water inlet part comprises a filter (1), a water pipe (2) and a pressure pump (3), the filter (1) comprises a shell (1.1) and a primary filter screen (1.2), the shell (1.1) is of a horn structure, the primary filter screen (1.2) is installed at the opening at the lower end of the shell (1.1) through screws, two side openings are formed in the side surface of the shell (1.1), a sand outlet pipe (1.3) parallel to the side surface of the shell (1.1) is fixed on each side opening through screws, an elastic filter screen (1.4) is fixed at the position above the inner side of each side opening through a sealing element, an annular magnet (1.5) is installed at the contact position of the sand outlet pipe (1.3) and the elastic filter screen (1.4) through screws, the magnet (1.5) is tangent to the inner wall of the sand outlet pipe (1.3), and one end of the water pipe (2) are connected through a sealing connecting piece, the other end of the water pipe (2) is connected with a water inlet of the pressure pump (3) through a sealing element, a water outlet end of the pressure pump (3) is connected with a fertilizer box (4), and an electric heating pipe (5) is installed in the fertilizer box (4) through a sealing connecting piece;
the gas-liquid mixing part comprises a micro high-pressure air pump (6), a gas storage device (7) and an air inlet pipe (7.2), the air inlet end of the miniature high-pressure air pump (6) is connected with the air outlet at the lower end of the air storage device (7) through a connecting piece, the gas storage device (7) comprises a tank body (7.1) and gas inlet pipes (7.2), the tank body (7.1) is divided into a plurality of layers, each layer is connected with different gas inlet pipes (7.2), a main air inlet tank cover (7.3) is arranged on the tank body (7.1), a bronchus (7.4) corresponding to each layer is arranged on the main air inlet tank cover (7.3), a main air inlet pipe (7.5) is connected on a plurality of the branch air pipes (7.4), a unidirectional rubber air plug is arranged on the outlet end of each branch air pipe (7.4), a two-way valve is arranged at the opening of the main air inlet pipe (7.5), and an auxiliary air pipe (10) is connected to the output port of the micro high-pressure air pump (6);
the water measuring part comprises a water source water measuring part and a ground surface-ground bottom water measuring part, the water source water measuring part comprises a water measuring pipe (11), an electromagnetic sheet (12), a metal sheet (13), a floating ball (14) and a top seat (15), a battery, an induction circuit board and a signal output circuit board are installed in the top seat (15), the top seat (15) is installed at the top of the water measuring pipe (11) in a threaded mode, a plurality of symmetrical through holes are formed in the water measuring pipe (11), an electromagnetic coil (16) is bonded on the outer side of each through hole, the electromagnetic coil (16) is connected with the electromagnetic sheet (12), two corresponding electromagnetic sheets (12) are located on the same horizontal plane, the floating ball (14) is placed in the water measuring pipe (11), and one metal sheet (13) is respectively fixed on two symmetrical sides of the floating ball (14), the earth surface-underground water measuring part comprises a soil moisture sensor (45), a data collector (36) and a wireless transmission module (17), the data collector (36) and the wireless transmission module (17) are respectively connected to pins of the soil moisture sensor (45),
the irrigation part comprises a main irrigation network (18) and a capillary network (19), the capillary network (19) is installed on the main irrigation network (18), the capillary network (19) is connected with the auxiliary air pipe (10), the auxiliary air pipe (10) is attached to the main irrigation network (18), and the capillary network (19) is connected with the auxiliary air pipe (10) through a two-way joint.
2. The automatic rice field irrigation system based on water level monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the opening of the sand outlet pipe (1.3) is provided with an end cover which can be unscrewed, and the end cover is provided with water outlet holes which are in a circular array.
3. The automatic rice field irrigation system based on water level monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fertilizer box (4) is of a cylindrical structure, the diameter of the middle part of the fertilizer box is 2-3 times that of the outlet of the pressure pump, and a feed hopper (20) is installed at a feed inlet above the fertilizer box (4).
4. The automatic rice field irrigation system based on water level monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inside of connecting piece has a plurality of sealing washer.
5. The automatic rice field irrigation system based on water level monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the length of the sum of the floating ball (14) and the two metal sheets (13) is smaller than the distance between the two electromagnetic sheets (12).
6. The automatic rice field irrigation system based on water level monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein: soil moisture sensor (45), data collection station (36) and wireless transmission module (17) all install in a casing, data collection station (36) and wireless transmission module (17) intercommunication signal.
7. The automatic rice field irrigation system based on water level monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein: still include biological nitrogen fertilizer ware (30), biological nitrogen fertilizer ware (30) are including incubator (31), culture layer (32), nitrobacteria ball (33), traditional chinese medicine dregs of a decoction liquid section of thick bamboo (34) and water layer (35), be equipped with a case lid above incubator (31), be equipped with two through-holes on the case lid, traditional chinese medicine dregs of a decoction liquid section of thick bamboo (34) is equipped with one deck culture layer (32) in the incubator (31) of being located in dregs of a decoction liquid section of thick bamboo (34) below, a plurality of nitrobacteria balls (33) have been placed on culture layer (32), be 1-5 contained angle between culture layer (32) and the horizontal plane, be equipped with down the liquid mouth in the lower one end of culture layer (32), water layer (35) are crossed to the below of culture layer (32), the end of intaking of crossing water layer (35) with main irrigation net (18) are parallelly connected.
8. The automatic rice field irrigation system based on water level monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a weighing scale (21) is arranged below the fertilizer box (4), and the fertilizer box (4), the pressure pump (3) and the main irrigation net (18) are connected through a soft corrugated pipe.
9. The automatic rice field irrigation system based on water level monitoring as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the nitrifying bacteria ball (33) is made of hollow spheres made of bamboo and is internally provided with nitrifying bacteria mud.
10. The automatic rice field irrigation system based on water level monitoring as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the lower end of the traditional Chinese medicine residue liquid cylinder (34) is provided with water leakage holes in an array.
CN202010057345.6A 2020-01-19 2020-01-19 Automatic rice field irrigation system based on water level monitoring Pending CN113207395A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114436434A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-05-06 无为市陵海农业发展有限公司 Rice field water quality regulation and control device based on rice field shrimp culture technology
CN116349444A (en) * 2023-04-23 2023-06-30 江苏沿海生态科技发展有限公司 Saline and alkaline land buried pipe device for high-standard farmland irrigation and drainage

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114436434A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-05-06 无为市陵海农业发展有限公司 Rice field water quality regulation and control device based on rice field shrimp culture technology
CN114436434B (en) * 2021-12-30 2023-10-13 无为市陵海农业发展有限公司 Paddy field water quality regulation and control device based on paddy field shrimp culture technology
CN116349444A (en) * 2023-04-23 2023-06-30 江苏沿海生态科技发展有限公司 Saline and alkaline land buried pipe device for high-standard farmland irrigation and drainage
CN116349444B (en) * 2023-04-23 2023-10-31 江苏沿海生态科技发展有限公司 Saline and alkaline land buried pipe device for high-standard farmland irrigation and drainage

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