CN205511297U - Moisture control facility in soil of paddy field - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a moisture control facility in paddy field soil. The facility comprises several rice planting main ponds arranged in an array, and an auxiliary pond for water storage is arranged on one side of the main pond. There is a pipe hole at the bottom between the pools, and a water delivery pipe passing through the pipe hole is provided at the bottom of the main pool and between the main pool and the auxiliary pool. The end of the water delivery pipe in the auxiliary pool is an open end, and the end of the water delivery pipe in the main pool is a At the closed end, the water delivery pipe is provided with a number of through holes distributed alternately and uniformly on the two side walls of the main pool, and the outer wall of the water delivery pipe is covered with a non-woven fabric layer; A transparent water level display tube is provided on the outer wall of the water level display tube, and the two ends of the water level display tube are connected with the upper and lower inner walls of the auxiliary pool through connecting pipes, and a scale is provided on the position display tube. The facility can achieve the effect of precise irrigation and other problems. The irrigation water penetrates from the bottom of the pool to the soil on the ground, so that the water can be effectively absorbed by the soil, and the effect of water saving and production increase can be achieved.

Description

Moisture control facility in paddy field soil

technical field

The utility model relates to the field of paddy field irrigation water saving technology, in particular to a water control facility in paddy field soil.

Background technique

Rice is a water-demanding crop, and the growth of rice that lacks water will be affected, but the more water in the paddy field, the better. On the one hand, it wastes water resources, and on the other hand, it affects the growth of rice. Maintaining a reasonable water level in different growth stages Layers are very important to realize the potential of rice yield. Many irrigation methods that appeared in previous agricultural operations, such as intermittent irrigation and aerobic irrigation, were used to irrigate according to the amount of water required during the rice growth period. On the one hand, these irrigation methods improve the utilization efficiency of farmland irrigation water, and on the other hand, they play the role of water saving and scientific irrigation in rice fields in response to the high temperature and less rainy climate environment; The implementation of these irrigation methods is greatly affected by the weather. On the other hand, because it is difficult to achieve complete leveling in the paddy field, it is difficult to uniformly irrigate the field, which also hinders the application of irrigation methods to a certain extent.

In China, domestic agricultural water consumption accounts for 70% of the country's total water consumption, reaching more than 400 billion m ³ , and the current water use efficiency and water use efficiency of China's farmland are relatively low, and the average utilization rate of farmland irrigation water is only 40% % to 45%, and the utilization efficiency of farmland irrigation water is only about 1.0kg/m ³ , which is far below the level of 70% to 80% and above 2.0kg/m ³ in developed countries. Rice is the main food crop in China, and its planting is widely distributed. The annual sown area is about 2867km ² , and the annual output of rice is about 180 million tons, accounting for 29% of the sown area of food crops and 40% of the total grain output in China, and the rice production process The consumption of reclaimed water is huge, accounting for 70% of agricultural water use. Even in the main rice producing areas in southern China, where water resources are relatively abundant, the limitation of water resources on rice production is obvious. At present, most of the irrigated area in the world is surface irrigation. In order to make the traditional surface irrigation also improve the utilization rate of irrigation water and save irrigation water, the international community has recently changed continuous irrigation to intermittent irrigation to speed up the flow of water in the irrigation ditch. Reduce the flow rate and reduce the leakage loss of water flow in the irrigation ditch. Another advanced water-saving technology in surface irrigation in foreign countries is laser leveling the land, so that the height difference of the entire plot can be controlled within 2 to 3 cm. Through laser leveling, pulse irrigation, tail water recycling and other technologies, the uniformity of field infiltration is improved to save water. Japan's rice water-saving irrigation technology emphasizes the original positive irrigation method, which is mainly dew-based in the early stage and combined with shallow water irrigation in the middle and late stages, and dry farming with plastic film mulching. India mostly adopts rice intermittent irrigation technology in terms of rice water saving. However, the mountains in China are complex and diverse, and it is difficult to apply the ground leveling technology on a large scale. Intermittent irrigation has played a role in saving water on a large scale, but compared with foreign water-saving irrigation, the utilization rate of irrigation water is still low. Therefore, the bottom irrigation methods such as buried pipes at the bottom of the pond (field) and water storage on the head of the pond (field) are used to allow irrigation water to penetrate from the bottom of the pond to the soil on the ground and be effectively absorbed by the soil, greatly reducing the loss and transpiration of irrigation water , not only can accurately control the water layer required by the paddy field, but also improve the efficiency of irrigation water use, and achieve the effect of saving water and increasing production.

At present, according to different natural conditions in various parts of China, on the basis of experimental research, the following new technologies and methods for rice irrigation have been proposed, and they have been successfully promoted in a large area. (1) Shallow wet and dry irrigation. In the early stage of tillering, jointing and booting stage, and heading and flowering stage, light and wet alternately, and water 30-50mm each time, and then re-irrigate when there is no water layer on the field surface; in the late tillering stage, the field is sun-dried; The depth of the layer is 10-20mm, and the soil water content drops to about 80% of the field water holding rate before irrigation; the water is stopped during the yellow period, and it will dry naturally. (2) Intermittent irrigation. Keep the water layer of 20-60mm in the green stage, dry the field in the later stage of tillering, and dry when the yellow ripeness falls, and take the irrigation method of shallow water layer and open field (no water layer) in the rest of the time. (3) Semi-arid irrigation (controlled irrigation). After turning green or after the early tillering stage, the water management adopts anhydrous irrigation, and the water content of the root layer soil is used as the control index to determine the irrigation time and irrigation quota. (4) good gas irrigation. According to the two main periods of rice root system formation, rice tillering stage and panicle differentiation to flowering stage, the water management mode of "three waters, three wets and one dry" is implemented. It is the water management method of "planting seedlings with an inch of water, fertilizing with an inch of water to control weeds and pests, booting with an inch of water for flowering, tillering with moist water, differentiation of young panicles with water, firming with water for grouting, drainage for seedlings and control tillering in dry fields". (5) "Three droughts" water-saving cultivation. Adopt dry seedling raising, dry land preparation and field drought management, irrigate once ^three days after seedlings, and irrigate twice continuously, keep the soil moist after turning green. , irrigate 2-3 times after heading, 6-8 times in the field, and 10 times in the year of severe drought. (6) Upland rice cultivation. A rice planting method that directs direct seeding in dry land conditions, grows seedlings in drought, uses rainwater and proper irrigation in the middle and late stages to meet the water demand of rice plants. (7) Covering cultivation of rice. Transplanting rice is the main method. There are two kinds of covering materials: straw and plastic film. The planting method is different according to the covering material. Those covered with plastic film should be drilled and transplanted after covering. Covering with straw can be done before or after transplanting. (8) Dry seedling raising of rice. The dry farming seedbed is used to cultivate seedlings, which has the advantages of water saving, labor saving, plant saving, seedling field saving, cost saving, production increase, income increase and the like.

Reasonable irrigation methods not only reduce the frequency of irrigation and the amount of irrigation water, but also reduce the evaporation between trees, the ecology of field seepage and the water consumption of plant transpiration. However, due to the flatness of paddy fields, soil texture and the influence of weather, it is difficult to accurately control the water-required water layer, resulting in a certain gap between irrigation water utilization rate and crop water productivity compared with foreign countries.

The irrigation methods used in China's current rice production are intermittent irrigation, moist irrigation, aerobic irrigation, and semi-arid cultivation. These irrigation measures have played a great role in saving water for rice production, but all irrigation methods enter the field through ditches. , using surface flood irrigation, the irrigation water utilization rate is low, and it needs sufficient water source and matching ditches to carry out. Moreover, there is a lot of irrigation water, and there is a lot of evaporation and leakage, wasting water resources, and the utilization rate of irrigation water is very low; if there is little irrigation water, the uniformity of soil moisture is inconsistent. The plants become smaller, the seed setting rate decreases, the 1000-grain weight decreases, and the biomass and yield decrease, resulting in reduced rice production or even no harvest. Therefore, new irrigation methods are needed to solve the problem of low water use efficiency of surface flood irrigation. Therefore, new irrigation methods are needed to control the water layer during the rice growing season, and solving the problem of soil moisture uniformity has become a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the defects in the prior art, to provide a scientific irrigation for rice pond planting water, to achieve the effect of precise irrigation, etc., using pipes buried at the bottom of the paddy field pond, water storage and communication on the head of the pond, etc. The bottom irrigation method allows irrigation water to penetrate from the bottom of the pond to the soil on the ground, so that the water can be effectively absorbed by the soil, greatly reducing the loss and transpiration of irrigation water, not only can accurately control the water layer required by the paddy field, but also improve the utilization of irrigation water Efficiency, the moisture control facility in paddy field soil that achieves the effect of saving water and increasing production.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is:

A water control facility in paddy field soil, the facility includes several rice planting main ponds arranged in arrays, a secondary pond for water storage is arranged on one side of the main pond, and the primary pond and the secondary pond The bottom between the pools is provided with a pipe hole, and a water delivery pipe passing through the pipe hole is provided at the bottom of the main pool and between the main pool and the auxiliary pool. The end of the water delivery pipe located in the auxiliary pool is an open end. The end of the water delivery pipe located in the main pool is a closed end. The water delivery pipe is provided with a number of dislocation and alternately uniform through holes on the two side walls of the first section of the main pool. It is covered with a non-woven fabric layer; a transparent water level display tube is provided on the outer wall of the auxiliary pool, and the two ends of the water level display tube are connected with the upper and lower sides of the inner wall of the auxiliary pool through connecting pipes. With graduations.

Wherein the preferred technical scheme is that the main pool is strip-shaped, the secondary pool is located at one or both ends of the width direction of the strip-shaped main pool, the secondary pool is also strip-shaped, and the strip-shaped secondary pool is The length of the main pool is the same as the width of the main pool, and the height of the main pool is the same as that of the secondary pool.

The preferred technical solution is also that the length of the main pool is 6m-10m, the width of the main pool and the length of the secondary pool are 1m-1.5m, the width of the secondary pool is 0.5m-1m, and the main pool The height of the pool and the auxiliary pool is 1m ~ 1.2m.

The preferred technical solution is that a water inlet pipe is provided on the auxiliary tank, a valve is arranged on the water inlet pipe, and the water inlet pipes on the several auxiliary tanks are connected to each other through a pipe network.

In a preferred technical solution, gravel is arranged around the water delivery pipe coated with the non-woven fabric layer.

The preferred technical solution is also that the density of the paddy field soil in the main pond increases sequentially from top to bottom, and the density of the paddy field soil is below 40cm. The bulk density of the soil is 1.46g/cm ³ , and the bulk density of the soil at intervals of 10cm upwards is They are 1.38g/cm ³ , 1.31g/cm ³ , 1.20g/cm ³ , and 1.15g/cm ³ , respectively.

A preferred technical solution is also that the non-woven fabric layer is bound on the water delivery pipe through a tie, and the binding interval of the tie is between 0.8m and 1.2m.

In a preferred technical solution, the water delivery pipe is a PVC pipe, the interval between the through holes is 18 cm to 22 cm, and the diameter of the through holes is 0.01 cm.

In a preferred technical solution, a sealing ring is provided between the pipe hole of the secondary tank and the outer wall of the water delivery pipe.

The advantages and beneficial effects of the utility model are: the utility model is mainly aimed at maintaining a consistent reasonable water layer in the water test of rice ponds to achieve the effect of precise irrigation. The irrigation method allows irrigation water to permeate from the bottom of the pool to the soil on the ground, and is effectively and evenly absorbed by the soil, greatly reducing the loss and transpiration of irrigation water, improving the efficiency of irrigation water use, and achieving the effect of water saving and production increase. Primary and secondary tanks and bottom and outer tube holes. Ensure that the water is accurately poured from the auxiliary pond, accurately achieve and record the water required for different growth periods of rice, so that the irrigation water can be fully absorbed by the soil, and solve the problems of low utilization rate of irrigation water and precise water level control of paddy field flood irrigation. Due to the adoption of the PVC connecting pipe, the arrangement of the through holes on the PVC pipe and the coating of the non-woven fabric, the moisture infiltrates upward and evenly. To solve the problem of inconsistent field height and uneven ground irrigation. The water level display tube on the outer wall of the auxiliary pool is connected with the auxiliary pool and can accurately record the water level.

In addition, the use of rice pond planting and the irrigation method of buried pipes at the bottom of the pond can solve the problems of uneven ground, excessive irrigation water loss, less irrigation water and uneven irrigation, so that irrigation water can penetrate upward from the ground to the ground, greatly reducing irrigation. Reduce water loss, improve the efficiency of irrigation water use, promote the precise irrigation of rice growth water, and achieve the effect of saving water and increasing production.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structure top view schematic diagram of the moisture control facility in the paddy field soil of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the main pond and the auxiliary pond in the moisture control facility in the paddy field soil of the present invention.

In the figure: 1, main pool; 2, auxiliary pool; 3, pipe hole; 4, water pipe; 5, through hole; 6, non-woven fabric layer; 7, water level display tube; 8, connecting pipe; 9, water inlet pipe ;10, valve; 11, gravel; 12, cable tie; 13, sealing ring.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the specific embodiment of the utility model is further described. The following examples are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model more clearly, but not to limit the protection scope of the utility model.

As shown in accompanying drawings 1 and 2: the utility model is a moisture control facility in paddy field soil, and the facility includes several rice planting main pools 1 arranged in an array, which are arranged on one side of the main pool 1 There is a sub-tank 2 for water storage, a pipe hole 3 is provided at the bottom between the main pool 1 and the sub-tank 2, and a through hole is provided at the bottom of the main pool 1 and between the main pool 1 and the sub-tank 2. The water delivery pipe 4 passing through the pipe hole 3, the end of the water delivery pipe 4 located in the auxiliary pool 2 is an open end, the end of the water delivery pipe 4 located in the main pool 1 is a closed end, and the water delivery pipe 4 is located in the main pool 1. The two side walls of a section in the main pool 1 are respectively provided with a plurality of through holes 5 that are distributed alternately and uniformly in dislocation, and the outer wall of the section of the water delivery pipe 4 located in the main pool 1 is coated with a non-woven fabric layer 6; The outer wall of the auxiliary pool 2 is provided with a transparent water level display tube 7, the two ends of the water level display tube 7 are connected with the upper and lower sides of the inner wall of the auxiliary pool 2 through connecting pipes 8, and a scale is provided on the water level display tube 7.

A preferred embodiment of the present utility model is that the main pool 1 is strip-shaped, and the secondary pool 2 is located at one or both ends of the width direction of the strip-shaped main pool 1, and the secondary pool 2 is also strip-shaped. , the length of the strip-shaped secondary pool 2 is the same as the width of the main pool 1, and the height of the main pool 1 is the same as that of the secondary pool 1.

The preferred embodiment of the present utility model also has the length of the main pool 1 being 6m to 10m, the optimum length being 8m, the width of the main pool 1 and the length of the secondary pool 2 being 1m to 1.5m, and the optimum length being 1m to 1.5m. The optimum value is 1.2m, the width of the auxiliary pool is 0.5m-1m, and the optimum value is 0.7m, the height of the main pool and the auxiliary pool is 1m-1.2m, and the optimum value is 1.2m.

The preferred embodiment of the utility model also has a water inlet pipe 9 on the auxiliary pool 2, a valve 10 on the water inlet pipe 9, and the water inlet pipes 9 on the several auxiliary pools 2 pass through the pipe network. interconnected.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, gravel 11 is arranged around the water delivery pipe 4 coated with the non-woven fabric layer 6 , and the sand and gravel 11 can be used to prevent the paddy field soil from blocking the through hole 5 on the water delivery pipe 4 .

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the density of the paddy field soil in the main pool ¹ increases sequentially from top to bottom, and the density of the paddy field soil is below 40cm, and the bulk density of the soil is 1.46g/cm The bulk density of the soil at intervals of 10cm is 1.38g/cm ³ , 1.31g/cm ³ , 1.20g/cm ³ , and 1.15g/cm ³ .

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the non-woven fabric layer 6 is bound on the water delivery pipe 4 through a cable tie 12, and the binding interval of the cable tie 12 is between 0.8m and 1.2m, and the optimal value is 1.2m.

The preferred embodiment of the present utility model also has, described water delivery pipe 4 is PVC pipe, and the interval between described through hole 5 is between 18cm～22cm, and its optimal value is 20cm, and the aperture of described through hole is 0.01cm.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a sealing ring 13 is provided between the pipe hole 3 of the secondary pool 2 and the outer wall of the water delivery pipe 4 .

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model, and it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the utility model, some improvements and modifications can also be made. And retouching should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (9)

1. a moisture control facility in paddy field soil, it is characterized in that, described facility comprises several paddy rice planting main ponds arranged in arrays, a side of said main pond is provided with an auxiliary pond for water storage, in The bottom between the main pool and the auxiliary pool is provided with a pipe hole, and the bottom of the main pool and between the main pool and the auxiliary pool are provided with a water delivery pipe passing through the pipe hole, and the water delivery pipe is located at one end of the auxiliary pool It is an open end, and the end of the water delivery pipe located in the main pool is a closed end. The water delivery pipe is respectively provided with a number of dislocation and alternately distributed through holes on the two side walls of a section in the main pool. The outer wall of a section in the main pool is covered with a non-woven fabric layer; a transparent water level display tube is provided on the outer wall of the auxiliary pool, and the two ends of the water level display tube are connected with the inner wall of the auxiliary pool through connecting pipes. A scale is arranged on the water level display tube. 2. the moisture control facility in paddy field soil as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described main pool is elongated, and described sub-pool is positioned at one end or both ends of the width direction of elongated main pool, so The secondary pool is also strip-shaped, the length of the strip-shaped secondary pool is the same as the width of the main pool, and the height of the main pool is the same as that of the secondary pool. 3. The moisture control facility in paddy field soil as claimed in claim 2, wherein the length of the main pond is 6m to 10m, and the width of the main pond and the length of the auxiliary pond are 1m to 1.5m. The width of the auxiliary pool is 0.5m-1m, and the height of the main pool and the auxiliary pool is 1m-1.2m. 4. The moisture control facility in paddy field soil as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, is provided with water inlet pipe on described secondary pond, is provided with valve on described water inlet pipe, and the water inlet pipe on described several secondary ponds connected to each other through a pipe network. 5. The moisture control facility in paddy field soil as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that sand and gravel are arranged around the water delivery pipe coated with the non-woven fabric layer. 6. the moisture control facility in paddy field soil as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, in described main pool, the density of paddy field soil increases successively from top to bottom, and the density of described paddy field soil is below 40cm and the bulk density of soil is 1.46g/cm ³ , the bulk density of every 10cm upwards is 1.38g/cm ³ , 1.31g/cm ³ , 1.20g/cm ³ , and 1.15g/cm ³ respectively. 7. The moisture control facility in paddy field soil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the non-woven fabric layer is bound on the water delivery pipe by a cable tie, and the binding interval of the cable tie is between 0.8m and 1.2m. between. 8. The moisture control facility in paddy field soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water delivery pipe is a PVC pipe, and the interval between the through holes is between 18cm～22cm, and the distance between the through holes is 18cm～22cm. The aperture is 0.01 cm. 9. The moisture control facility in paddy field soil as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a sealing ring is provided between the pipe hole of the auxiliary tank and the outer wall of the water pipe.