CN109644660A - A kind of garlic water-fertilizer integral irrigation system and control method - Google Patents
A kind of garlic water-fertilizer integral irrigation system and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109644660A CN109644660A CN201910063616.6A CN201910063616A CN109644660A CN 109644660 A CN109644660 A CN 109644660A CN 201910063616 A CN201910063616 A CN 201910063616A CN 109644660 A CN109644660 A CN 109644660A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
- A01G25/167—Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D27/00—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00
- G05D27/02—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00 characterised by the use of electric means
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of garlic water-fertilizer integral irrigation system and control methods; the system is by using Biodegradable mulch; in fertility early period of garlic; meet garlic period of seedling establishment to be previously required to heat the requirement of moisturizing; after Biodegradable mulch degradation, by sprinkling irrigation, meet the garlic fertility middle and later periods; it is difficult to solve water-fertilizer integral irrigation system configuration in garlic tradition large-scale production for the needs of a large amount of liquid manure supplies.In system design, by configuring circulation with fertile pipeline, reduce complex fertilizer power, and make system space layout more convenient.In control; the different growing of garlic is represented by the mean value of gas accumulated temperature and ground accumulated temperature; and the precision, automation of liquid manure, Intelligentized regulating and controlling in garlic large-scale planting are realized to the absorbing rule of different mineral nutritions, dynamic design fertilizer application formula and dose by garlic different growing.And the irrigation system meets the production processes such as the Mechanization sowing of garlic, harvesting, is suitble to the large-scale production and popularization and use of garlic.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to irrigate field, in particular to a kind of garlic water-fertilizer integral irrigation system and control method can
Water-fertilizer integral, automatic management during realization garlic large-scale production.
Background technique
Garlic is a kind of winter crop, during large-scale production, transparent film-mulching cultivation is generally covered, to improve soil
Earth temperature keeps soil moisture, maintains soil texture, reduces disease caused by pest attacks crop and certain micro-organisms, promotes
The healthy growth of garlic.Do not use mulch such as, be easy to cause freeze to death, the productions problem such as arid.Currently, this producer of garlic
Formula is conducive to the formation of Garlic yield and quality, and still, the water-fertilizer integral being unfavorable for during garlic large-scale production is accurate
Management.In irrigation method, such as cause irrigation water that cannot uniformly seep because covering traditional fluid-tight mulch using sprinkling irrigation
Thoroughly to soil under film, prevent sprinkling irrigation mode in traditional garlic covering film production model from using.It, can using dropper under film
Guarantee that irrigation water penetrates into soil, and keeps preferable and irrigate uniformity, but the planting density that garlic is excessively high, general line-spacing
20cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, planting density reach 2.2~2.7 ten thousand plants/acre, need after planting to install a large amount of pipeline in garlic, and manage
Cost, installation and the dismounting workload and the production maintenance in later period in road are all the unfavorable factors in production process, are caused under film
Dropper can not use in the large-scale production of garlic.
Therefore, at present during the large-scale production of garlic, in the management of moisture, can only by ditch broad irrigation,
Overirrigation, the waste of soil hardening anoxic and irrigation water are often resulted in this way.In the management of fertilizer, can only based on base manure, chase after
Supplemented by fertilizer, the method for top dressing also can only rush Shi Weizhu with furrow irrigation, also cause in the planting process of garlic in this way, cause fertilising not
Foot or single fertilization are excessive, are difficult according to garlic in different growing, growth phase to the actual needs of different mineral nutritions,
Carry out science, accurately fertilizing management.Meanwhile during also counteracting garlic large-scale production, the automation of moisture and fertilizer,
Intelligent management.
Summary of the invention
On overcoming the shortcomings of that existing garlic water-fertilizer integral is irrigated, the present invention provides one kind to be suitable for garlic liquid manure
Integrated irrigation system and control method.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows: a kind of garlic water-fertilizer integral irrigation system
System, the system include water source, electric flow control valve, the first electromagnetic flowmeter, Venturi tube, water pump, PH sensor, EC sensing
Device, circulation with fertile pipeline, the second electromagnetic flowmeter, water-main road, Biodegradable mulch, branch's aqueduct, sprinkling irrigation standpipe,
Shower head, soil temperature sensor, air-temperature sensor, soil moisture content sensor and controller；
The water inlet in the water-main road is passed through water source, water pump, PH sensor, EC sensor and the second electromagnetic flowmeter
It successively connects on water-main road, circulation is coupled in parallel on water-main road with the both ends of fertile pipeline, and circulation is with fertile pipeline
Water pump, PH sensor and EC sensor are crossed in both ends；Electric flow control valve, the first electromagnetic flowmeter and multiple Venturi tubes according to
The secondary circulation that is linked into is connected to fertile solenoid valve in each Venturi tube on fertile pipeline and is passed through batch can；
Several branch's aqueducts are also accessed on water-main road, the upstream of each branch's aqueduct is connected to rotation flow electricity
Magnet valve is further connected with several sprinkling irrigation standpipes on each branch's aqueduct, installs shower head on standpipe of spraying,
Biodegradable mulch is covered on garlic milpa, and Biodegradable films have soil temperature sensor and soil moisture content
Sensor, Biodegradable films are equipped with air-temperature sensor；
The electric flow control valve, the first electromagnetic flowmeter, water pump, PH sensor, EC sensor, the second Electromagnetic Flow
Meter, all fertile solenoid valve, soil temperature sensor, air-temperature sensor and soil moisture content sensors of matching are connected with controller.
Further, garlic milpa is divided into multiple subregions, piece branch's water-supply-pipe of corresponding arrangement on each subregion
Road.
Further, ridge is done on branch's aqueduct.
Further, the quantity of the Venturi tube is five, installs first in five Venturi tubes respectively with fertile electromagnetism
Valve, second match fertile solenoid valve, the 4th with fertile solenoid valve, the 5th with fertile solenoid valve with fertile solenoid valve, third；Five Venturi tubes point
It is not passed through the filling of the first fertilizer, the filling of the second fertilizer, the filling of third fertilizer, acid storage tank, storage alkali tank.
Further, first fertilizer fills, the second fertilizer fills, third fertilizer fills and stores N, P, K Water soluble fertilizer respectively, storage acid
The nitric acid or hydrochloric acid solution of tank storage standards concentration store up the sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide aqueous solution of alkali tank storage standards concentration.
Further, the inlet end of the water pump installs well strainer, pacifies on the water inlet in the water-main road
Fill water-bed check-valves.
Further, the water-main road, branch's aqueduct, with fertile pipeline PPR material or PVC material can be used,
It is preferred that PPR material.Wherein, Φ 25 or Φ 32 can be selected in lateral diameter, and the spacing between lateral is 8~20m, can adopt
With 360 degree of Rocker arm spray heads, spray head 4~10m of spacing, 0.3~0.6MPa of operating pressure.
Further, the Biodegradable mulch is biodegradated polymer materal, by polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone
(PCL), the one or more combinations of the materials such as polypropylene carbonate resin (PPC) are blow molded, and can be matched according to material composition, essence
The really degradation cycle of design Biodegradable mulch, and the degradation week using biological mulch film degrading quality loss 25% as biological mulch film
Phase.It should be noted that the production technology of Biodegradable mulch is highly developed at present, it is only necessary to tell producer's related degradation
Period, can be obtained required Biodegradable mulch.
Further, germination period, Seedling Stage, the Wintering Period of the non-degradable phase Yu garlic breeding time of the Biodegradable mulch
It is corresponding consistent；The degradative phase and the period of seedling establishment of garlic breeding time of Biodegradable mulch, rotten female phase, bud and bulbil idiophase take out
A kind of sedge phase, bulb expanding stage are corresponding consistent.
Further, the garlic breeding time include germination period, Seedling Stage, Wintering Period, period of seedling establishment, rotten female phase, bud and
Bulbil idiophase, peduncle-growing period for rapeseed, bulb expanding stage, and using the average value of gas accumulated temperature and ground accumulated temperature, represent the different fertility of garlic
Phase index.
Further, the Biodegradable mulch uses the average value of gas accumulated temperature and ground accumulated temperature, to represent biodegradable ground
Membrane degradation cyclical indicator.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of control method of garlic water-fertilizer integral irrigation system, this method includes
Following steps:
Step 1: according to the breeding time of Garlic Growth, including germination period, Seedling Stage, Wintering Period, period of seedling establishment, rotten female phase, flower
Bud and bulbil idiophase, peduncle-growing period for rapeseed, bulb expanding stage and dormant period, and using the average value B of gas accumulated temperature and ground accumulated temperature, it represents big
The index of the different growthdevelopmental stage of garlic；According to after Wintering Period, before period of seedling establishment accumulated temperature average value B as start irrigate accumulated temperature threshold value
B0；
X is garlic milpa in formula, since sowing, the number of days of growth；TxIt is garlic milpa since sowing, xth
The average value of its temperature；ExIt is garlic milpa since sowing, after covering biological mulch film, the average value of the xth day soil moisture；
Z is garlic from the total number of days for being seeded into period of seedling establishment；B0Start accumulated temperature threshold value when irrigating for garlic.
Step 2: according to garlic different growing to the absorbing rule of mineral nutrition, it is established that garlic accumulated temperature and with each mine
The respective function relationship of matter nutrient uptake, and according to the respective function relationship of foundation, design the fertilising in garlic each period
Formula and dose, calculation method are as follows:
According to the average value B of every Z days garlics growth period gas accumulated temperature and ground accumulated temperature, and sample detection garlic each breeding time
N, the content and situation of change of P, K nutrient, it is established that garlic accumulated temperature and with the functional relation N (B) of Mineral Nutrition Absorption amount,
P (B), K (B), setting fertilising gap periods accumulated temperature threshold value B1, i.e. accumulated temperature increase B1, carry out single-dose application, obtain fertilizer application frequency with
N, functional relation D (i), L (i), the J (i) of the total dose of P, K；The dose and fertilizer application formula of i-th calculate as follows:
RN=D (i)-D (i-1)
RP=L (i)-L (i-1)
RK=J (i)-J (i-1)
N:P:K=[D (i)-D (i-1)]: [L (i)-L (i-1)]: [J (i)-J (i-1)]
Step 3: according to the average value B of the breeding time of Garlic Growth and the gas accumulated temperature and ground accumulated temperature that represent corresponding breeding time,
The fertilising concentration under the conditions of different growing is set, controller is by adjusting the unlatching ratio with fertile pipeline electric flow control valve
Frequency with opening with fertile solenoid valve, controls each fertilizer application formula and dose；
Step 4: soil moisture content sensor, which will measure soil moisture content value H, is real-time transmitted to controller, controller is according to setting
Threshold range H0Control water pump starts or stops irrigation, when measuring H > H0When, system is without irrigating；When measuring H≤H0When,
Controller control loop matches completely closing for the electric flow control valve on fertile pipeline, closes with fertile solenoid valve, starting water pump is opened
Begin to irrigate, each irrigation volume is according to soil moisture content the value H and H of survey0Proportion adjustment；The y times irrigation quantity calculates as follows:
W (y)=k0×(Hy-H0)+W0
W in formula0For the standard irrigation volume of setting；HyThe soil moisture content value surveyed for the y times；H0The soil moisture in the soil irrigated for starting
Feelings threshold value；k0It is soil moisture content to the proportionality coefficient of duty；
By step 1 to step 4, the starting or stoping of water pump in controller control system, electric flow control valve
Unlatching ratio, the open and close with fertile solenoid valve, the open and close of each subregion rotation flow solenoid valve, carry out the liquid manure of garlic
Integration is irrigated.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:, by setting circulation with fertile pipeline, reduce with fertile power in system design, and
And the space layout with fertile unit is facilitated, the implements such as the fertilizer bucket for allowing occupied space very big, soda acid bucket do not have to direct
Layout is by water-main road.The system is combined Biodegradable mulch with sprinkling irrigation, and garlic large-scale production process may be implemented
In water-fertilizer integral accurately manage and intelligentized control method, solve plastic-film-covered cultivation and liquid manure one in garlic large-scale production for many years
The contradiction of body.Compared with traditional ditch broad irrigation, the present invention can reduce duty, alleviate soil hardening anoxic and
The problems such as irrigating water waste.Meanwhile in the management of fertilizer, garlic large-scale planting in the past can be changed, can only based on base manure,
Fertilizing method supplemented by top dressing, can according to garlic in different growing, growth phase to the actual needs of different mineral nutritions,
Carry out science, accurately fertilizing management.
Garlic, which is cultivated, uses Biodegradable films in production process, on the one hand can play preferable guarantor in the early period of degradation
Water, heat preservation and function of fertilizer retention, on the other hand, in the bulb expanding stage of garlic, mulch will appear degradation breach, increase soil under film
Ventilating air permeability so that soil moisture environment is more conducive to expanding for garlic bulb with loose soil environment.Meanwhile
Later period, Biodegradable mulch can reduce the water content of soil, the generation of rotten garlic be reduced, when garlic harvests, without taking off film, Ke Yizhi
Row mechanical harvest is tapped into, garlic efficiency of crop is improved.In addition, Biodegradable mulch can reduce white compared with common plastics mulch
Color pollution, soil protection structure, promote environmental quality, safeguard entire farmland ecological environment.
In control method of the present invention, by the way that the average value of the gas accumulated temperature in planting garlic plot and ground accumulated temperature is represented garlic
Breeding time, it is established that garlic accumulated temperature and the corresponding relationship with each mineral nutrient element uptake, and according to garlic different growing
With the corresponding relationship of foundation, dynamic design fertilizer application formula and dose can be according to garlics in different growing, growth phase pair
The actual needs of different mineral nutritions carries out science, accurately fertilizing management, meanwhile, it also achieves in garlic cultivation, water
Divide automation, the intelligence with fertilizer management, and the system meets the production processes such as the Mechanization sowing of garlic, harvesting, is suitble to
The large-scale production and popularization and use of garlic.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the principle of the present invention figure；
In figure, water source 1, water-bed check-valves 2, electric flow control valve 3, the first electromagnetic flowmeter 4, well strainer 5, the
One matches fertile solenoid valve 8 with fertile solenoid valve 6, Venturi tube 7, second, the first fertilizer fills 9, third and matches fertile solenoid valve 10, the second fertilizer
Fill the 11, the 4th with fertile solenoid valve 12, third fertilizer fill the 13, the 5th with fertile solenoid valve 14, acid storage tank 15, storage alkali tank 16, water pump 17,
PH sensor 18, EC sensor 19 match fertile pipeline 20, the second electromagnetic flowmeter 21, water-main road 22, Biodegradable mulch
23, the 6th solenoid valve 24, garlic 25, branch's aqueduct 26, the 7th solenoid valve 27, sprinkling irrigation standpipe 28, shower head 29, ridge 30,
Soil temperature sensor 31, air-temperature sensor 32, soil moisture content sensor 33.
Specific embodiment
Following further describes the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of garlic water-fertilizer integral irrigation system, the system include water source 1, electric flow control valve 3,
First electromagnetic flowmeter 4, Venturi tube 7, water pump 17, PH sensor 18, EC sensor 19, circulation are with fertile the 20, second electricity of pipeline
Magnetic flowmeter 21, water-main road 22, Biodegradable mulch 23, branch's aqueduct 26, sprinkling irrigation standpipe 28, shower head 29, soil
Earth temperature sensor 31, air-temperature sensor 32, soil moisture content sensor 33 and controller；
The water inlet in the water-main road 22 is passed through water source 1, water pump 17, PH sensor 18, EC sensor 19 and second
Electromagnetic flowmeter 21 successively connects on water-main road 22, and circulation is coupled in parallel to water-main road 22 with the both ends of fertile pipeline 20
On, circulation crosses over water pump 17, PH sensor 18 and EC sensor 19 with the both ends of fertile pipeline 20；Electric flow control valve 3, first
Electromagnetic flowmeter 4 and multiple Venturi tubes 7 are sequentially ingressed into circulation on fertile pipeline 20, are connected in each Venturi tube 7 with fertilizer
Solenoid valve and it is passed through batch can；
Several branch's aqueducts 26 are also accessed on water-main road 22, the upstream of each branch's aqueduct 26 is connected to
Rotation flow solenoid valve is further connected with several sprinkling irrigation standpipes 28 on each branch's aqueduct 26, installs shower head 29 on standpipe 28 of spraying,
The electric flow control valve 3, the first electromagnetic flowmeter 4, water pump 17, PH sensor 18, EC sensor 19, second
It is electromagnetic flowmeter 21, all equal with fertile solenoid valve, soil temperature sensor 31, air-temperature sensor 32 and soil moisture content sensor 33
It is connected with controller.The controller can use the product of Zhejiang University ZJU-AES-09 model, but not limited to this.
Garlic milpa is divided into multiple subregions, piece branch's aqueduct 26 of corresponding arrangement on each subregion.
Ridge 30 is done on branch's aqueduct 26.It is planting garlic rotation flow subregion, planting garlic area between different ridges 30
Upper plantation garlic 25, Biodegradable mulch 23 is covered in planting garlic area, and Biodegradable films 23 have soil moisture sensing
Device 31 and soil moisture content sensor 33, Biodegradable films are equipped with air-temperature sensor 32；
The quantity of the Venturi tube 7 is five, installs first in five Venturi tubes 7 respectively with fertile solenoid valve 6, second
Match fertile solenoid valve the 10, the 4th with fertile solenoid valve 8, third and matches fertile solenoid valve the 12, the 5th with fertile solenoid valve 14；Five Venturi tubes 7
It each leads into the first fertilizer and fills the 9, second fertilizer filling 11, third fertilizer filling 13, acid storage tank 15, storage alkali tank 16.
First fertilizer fills, the second fertilizer fills, third fertilizer fills and stores N, P, K Water soluble fertilizer respectively, acid storage tank storage mark
The nitric acid or hydrochloric acid solution of quasi- concentration store up the sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide aqueous solution of alkali tank storage standards concentration.
The inlet end of the water pump 17 installs well strainer 5, installs water on the water inlet in the water-main road 22
Bottom check-valves 2, keeping the pipeline of pipeline and pump house is water-filling state.
PPR material or PVC material can be used with fertile pipeline 20 in the water-main road 22, branch's aqueduct 26, preferably
PPR material.Wherein, Φ 25 or Φ 32 can be selected in 26 diameter of branch's aqueduct, between two neighboring branch's aqueduct 26
Spacing is 8~20m, and 360 degree of Rocker arm spray heads, spray head 4~10m of spacing, 0.3~0.6MPa of operating pressure can be used.
Further, the Biodegradable mulch 23 is biodegradated polymer materal, by polylactic acid (PLA), is gathered in oneself
The one or more combinations of the materials such as ester (PCL), polypropylene carbonate resin (PPC) are blow molded, and can be matched according to material composition,
The degradation cycle of careful design Biodegradable mulch (23), and using biological mulch film degrading quality loss 25% as biological mulch film
Degradation cycle.
Garlic breeding time includes germination period, Seedling Stage, Wintering Period, period of seedling establishment, rotten female phase, bud and bulbil idiophase, takes out
It is a kind of sedge phase, bulb expanding stage, the germination period of non-degradable phase of the Biodegradable mulch 23 and garlic breeding time, Seedling Stage, overwintering
Phase is corresponding consistent；The degradative phase and the period of seedling establishment of garlic breeding time of Biodegradable mulch 23, rotten female phase, bud and bulbil break up
Phase, peduncle-growing period for rapeseed, bulb expanding stage are corresponding consistent.And using the average value of gas accumulated temperature and ground accumulated temperature, the different fertility of garlic is represented
The index in period, and start the period for needing water and fertilizer irrigation to supply for period of seedling establishment as garlic, gas accumulated temperature and ground accumulated temperature at this time
Degradation accumulated temperature threshold value of the average value as Biodegradable mulch.
Average value of the Biodegradable mulch 23 using gas accumulated temperature and ground accumulated temperature, the degradation of Lai Daibiao Biodegradable mulch 23
Cyclical indicator.
It should be noted that the production technology of Biodegradable mulch 23 is highly developed at present, it is only necessary to tell producer
The period of related degradation can be obtained required Biodegradable mulch.
A kind of control principle of garlic water-fertilizer integral irrigation system provided by the invention is as follows:
Firstly, according to garlic breeding time, including germination period, Seedling Stage, Wintering Period, period of seedling establishment, rotten female phase, bud and bulbil
Idiophase, peduncle-growing period for rapeseed, bulb expanding stage represent the different growthdevelopmental stage of garlic using the average value of gas accumulated temperature and ground accumulated temperature
Index, and start the period for needing a large amount of water and fertilizer irrigations to supply for period of seedling establishment as garlic, gas accumulated temperature and ground accumulated temperature at this time
Degradation accumulated temperature threshold value of the average value as Biodegradable mulch.Then, using the average value of gas accumulated temperature and ground accumulated temperature, to represent life
The degradation cycle of object degradative plastic film.And reach the degradation accumulated temperature threshold of Biodegradable mulch with the average value of gas accumulated temperature and ground accumulated temperature
Value, Biodegradable mulch degradation 25%, designs the degradation cycle and synthesizing formula of Biodegradable mulch.With can be by polylactic acid
(PLA), materials are one or more is composed for polycaprolactone (PCL), polypropylene carbonate resin (PPC) etc..Finally, according to big
Absorbing rule of the garlic different growing to mineral nutrition, it is established that the average value and each mineral nutrition of garlic gas accumulated temperature and ground accumulated temperature
The corresponding relationship and function model of element absorption amount.
Temperature, the soil moisture, the soil moisture content that controller receives soil temperature sensor 31, air-temperature sensor 32 detects
Judge the different growing of garlic, and the demand according to different growing to fertilizer, generate fertilizer application formula and dose, starts water
Wheel tank solenoid valve 24 in pump 17, unlatching subregion 1, starts water and fertilizer irrigation.Irrigation water in water source 1 passes through water-bed check-valves 2, into
Aqueduct 22 is become owner of, and respectively by well strainer 5 with after water pump, controller is measured according to the first electromagnetic flowmeter 4
Flow value, adjusts the unlatching ratio of electric flow control valve 3, and a part of irrigation water enters circulation with fertile pipeline 20, controller root
According to the fertilizer application formula of generation and the breeding time fertilising concentration of setting, match fertilizer solenoid valve with fertile solenoid valve 6, second by changing first
8 and third match the open frequency of fertile solenoid valve 10, control respectively the first fertilizer fill the 9, second fertilizer fill 11 and third fertilizer fill 13
The amount of irrigation system N, P, K fertilizer is injected by Venturi tube, controller measures EC value by EC sensor 19, monitors irrigation water
EC value is in the range of setting.Measure the pH value of mixing liquid manure by PH sensor 18, control the 4th is with fertile solenoid valve 12 and the
Five open frequencies with fertile solenoid valve 14, control acid storage tank 15 and storage alkali tank 16 inject irrigation system acid or alkali by Venturi tube
Amount adjusts the pH value of mixing liquid manure.Mixing liquid manure enters water-main road 22, mixes with irrigation water, filters again by net formula
Device 5, water pump 17, PH sensor 18, EC sensor 19, the second electromagnetic flowmeter 21, and by the 6th solenoid valve 24 of subregion wheel tank,
Branch's aqueduct 26, sprinkling irrigation standpipe 28 and shower head 29 are sprayed.Controller passes through the fertilizer application formula generated and setting
The flow value for the concentration and the second electromagnetic flowmeter 21 of applying fertilizer, the dose of control partition.After the completion of subregion one, the 6th solenoid valve 24
It closes, the 7th solenoid valve 27 is opened, and the fertigation of subregion two is carried out, and carry out the wheel tank fertilising of each subregion according to this, until complete
It completes a fertigation and stops in portion.
The soil moisture content value measured is real-time transmitted to controller, controller root according to soil moisture content sensor 33 by controller
It is irrigated according to the threshold range control water pump starting of setting, and according to the soil moisture content value measured, ratio controls duty.Starting
It when irrigation, adjusts electric flow control valve and completely closes, close with fertile solenoid valve, controller passes through the EC that EC sensor 19 measures
Value, monitors the EC value of irrigation water in the range of setting.The pH value of irrigation water is measured by PH sensor 18, adjusts electric flow
The unlatching ratio of regulating valve, control the 4th control acid storage tank with fertile solenoid valve 12 and the 5th open frequency with fertile solenoid valve 14
15 inject irrigation system acid or alkali number by Venturi tube with storage alkali tank 16, adjust the pH value of irrigation water.
Specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: according to the breeding time of Garlic Growth, including germination period, Seedling Stage, Wintering Period, period of seedling establishment, rotten female phase, flower
Bud and bulbil idiophase, peduncle-growing period for rapeseed, bulb expanding stage and dormant period, and using the average value B of gas accumulated temperature and ground accumulated temperature, it represents big
The index of the different growthdevelopmental stage of garlic.According to the average value B of gas accumulated temperature and ground accumulated temperature is used as and starts to fill after Wintering Period, before period of seedling establishment
The accumulated temperature threshold value B irrigate0。
T in formulaxIt is garlic milpa since sowing, the average value of xth day temperature；ExIt is opened for garlic milpa from sowing
Begin, after covering biological mulch film, the average value of the xth day soil moisture；X is garlic milpa, since sowing, the number of days of growth；z
It is garlic from the total number of days for being seeded into period of seedling establishment；B0Start accumulated temperature threshold value when irrigating for garlic.
Step 2: according to garlic different growing to the absorbing rule of mineral nutrition, it is established that garlic accumulated temperature and with each mine
The respective function relationship of matter nutrient uptake, and according to the respective function relationship of foundation, design the fertilising in garlic each period
Formula and dose, calculation method are as follows:
According to the average value B of gas accumulated temperature during every Z days (preferably 5 days Z here) Garlic Growths and ground accumulated temperature, and sample detection
The content and situation of change of the nutrients such as garlic each breeding time N, P, K, it is established that garlic accumulated temperature and and Mineral Nutrition Absorption
Functional relation N (B), P (B), the K (B) of amount, setting fertilising gap periods accumulated temperature threshold value B1, i.e. accumulated temperature increase B1, once applied
Fertilizer obtains functional relation D (i), L (i), the J (i) of fertilizer application frequency and the total dose of N, P, K.The dose of i-th is matched with fertilising
Side calculates as follows:
RN=D (i)-D (i-1)
RP=L (i)-L (i-1)
RK=J (i)-J (i-1)
N:P:K=[D (i)-D (i-1)]: [L (i)-L (i-1)]: [J (i)-J (i-1)]
Step 3: according to the average value B of the breeding time of Garlic Growth and the gas accumulated temperature and ground accumulated temperature that represent corresponding breeding time,
The fertilising concentration under the conditions of different growing is set, controller is by adjusting the unlatching ratio with fertile pipeline electric flow control valve
Frequency with opening with fertile solenoid valve, controls each fertilizer application formula and dose.
Step 4: soil moisture content sensor, which will measure soil moisture content value H every 1h, is real-time transmitted to controller, controller root
According to the threshold range H of setting0Control water pump starts or stops irrigation, when measuring H > H0When, system is without irrigating.When measure H≤
H0When, controller opens the unlatching ratio with the electric flow control valve on fertile pipeline, closes with fertile solenoid valve, starting water pump is opened
Begin to irrigate, each irrigation volume is according to soil moisture content the value H and H of survey0Proportion adjustment.The y times irrigation quantity calculates as follows:
W (y)=k0×(Hy-H0)+W0
W in formula0For the standard irrigation volume of setting；HyThe soil moisture content value surveyed for the y times；H0The soil moisture in the soil irrigated for starting
Feelings threshold value；k0It is soil moisture content to the proportionality coefficient of duty.
By step 1 to step 4, controller according to the temperature, the soil moisture, soil moisture content, PH/EC value detected,
Judge the demand of the different growing and different growing of garlic to fertilizer and moisture, the starting of water pump or stops in control system
Only, the unlatching ratio of electric flow control valve, the open and close with fertile solenoid valve, the open and close of rotation flow battery carry out
The water-fertilizer integral of garlic is irrigated.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of garlic water-fertilizer integral irrigation system, which is characterized in that the system includes water source (1), electric flow control valve
(3), the first electromagnetic flowmeter (4), Venturi tube (7), water pump (17), PH sensor (18), EC sensor (19), circulation are with fertilizer
Pipeline (20), the second electromagnetic flowmeter (21), water-main road (22), Biodegradable mulch (23), branch's aqueduct (26),
Sprinkling irrigation standpipe (28), shower head (29), soil temperature sensor (31), air-temperature sensor (32), soil moisture content sensor (33)
With controller etc.；
The water inlet of the water-main road (22) is passed through water source (1), water pump (17), PH sensor (18), EC sensor (19)
It is successively connect on water-main road (22) with the second electromagnetic flowmeter (21), circulation is coupled in parallel to the both ends of fertile pipeline (20)
On water-main road (22), circulation crosses over water pump (17), PH sensor (18) and EC sensor with the both ends of fertile pipeline (20)
(19)；Electric flow control valve (3), the first electromagnetic flowmeter (4) and multiple Venturi tubes (7) are sequentially ingressed into circulation with fertilizer pipe
On road (20), it is connected on each Venturi tube (7) with fertile solenoid valve and is passed through batch can；
Several branch's aqueducts (26) are also accessed on water-main road (22), the upstream of each branch's aqueduct (26) connects
There is rotation flow solenoid valve, several sprinkling irrigation standpipes (28) are further connected on each branch's aqueduct (26), are installed in sprinkling irrigation standpipe (28)
Shower head (29),
Biodegradable mulch (23) is covered on garlic milpa, Biodegradable films (23) have soil temperature sensor (31) with
Soil moisture content sensor (33), Biodegradable films are equipped with air-temperature sensor (32)；
The electric flow control valve (3), the first electromagnetic flowmeter (4), water pump (17), PH sensor (18), EC sensor
(19), the second electromagnetic flowmeter (21), all with fertile solenoid valve, soil temperature sensor (31), air-temperature sensor (32) and soil
Earth soil moisture content sensor (33) is connected with controller.
2. a kind of garlic water-fertilizer integral irrigation system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that draw garlic milpa
It is divided into multiple subregions, piece branch's aqueduct (26) of corresponding arrangement on each subregion.
3. a kind of garlic water-fertilizer integral irrigation system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that branch's water-supply-pipe
Ridge (30) are done on road (26).
4. a kind of garlic water-fertilizer integral irrigation system according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the venturi
The quantity for managing (7) is five, installs first on five Venturi tubes (7) respectively with fertile solenoid valve (6), second with fertile solenoid valve
(8), third matches fertile solenoid valve (10), the 4th with fertile solenoid valve (12), the 5th with fertile solenoid valve (14)；Five Venturi tubes (7)
It each leads into the first fertilizer and fills (9), the second fertilizer filling (11), third fertilizer filling (13), acid storage tank (15), storage alkali tank (16).
5. a kind of garlic water-fertilizer integral irrigation system according to claim 4, which is characterized in that first fertilizer
It fills, the second fertilizer fills, storage N, P, K Water soluble fertilizer, the nitric acid or hydrochloric acid of acid storage tank storage standards concentration are molten respectively for the filling of third fertilizer
Liquid stores up the sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide aqueous solution of alkali tank storage standards concentration.
6. garlic water-fertilizer integral irrigation system according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the Biodegradable mulch
(23) using biological mulch film degrading quality loss 25% as the degradation cycle of biological mulch film.
7. garlic water-fertilizer integral irrigation system according to claim 6, which is characterized in that garlic breeding time includes germination
Phase, Seedling Stage, Wintering Period, period of seedling establishment, rotten female phase, bud and bulbil idiophase, peduncle-growing period for rapeseed, bulb expanding stage, the biology drop
Non-degradable phase and the germination period of garlic breeding time, Seedling Stage, the Wintering Period for solving mulch (23) are corresponding consistent；Biodegradable mulch
(23) period of seedling establishment of degradative phase and garlic breeding time, rotten female phase, bud and bulbil idiophase, peduncle-growing period for rapeseed, bulb expanding stage pair
It should be consistent.
8. garlic water-fertilizer integral irrigation system according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the Biodegradable mulch
(23) using the average value of gas accumulated temperature and ground accumulated temperature, Lai Daibiao Biodegradable mulch (23) degradation cycle index.
9. a kind of garlic water-fertilizer integral irrigation system according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the water pump (17)
Inlet end installs well strainer (5), and water-bed check-valves (2) is installed on the water inlet of the water-main road (22).
10. a kind of a kind of control method of garlic water-fertilizer integral irrigation system as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that should
Method includes the following steps:
Step 1: according to the breeding time of Garlic Growth, including germination period, Seedling Stage, Wintering Period, period of seedling establishment, rotten female phase, bud and
Bulbil idiophase, peduncle-growing period for rapeseed, bulb expanding stage and dormant period, and using the average value B of gas accumulated temperature and ground accumulated temperature, represent garlic not
The index of same growthdevelopmental stage；According to after Wintering Period, before period of seedling establishment accumulated temperature average value B as start irrigate accumulated temperature threshold value B0；
X is garlic milpa in formula, since sowing, the number of days of growth；TxIt is garlic milpa since sowing, xth day temperature
Average value；ExIt is garlic milpa since sowing, after covering biological mulch film, the average value of the xth day soil moisture；Z is big
Garlic is from the total number of days for being seeded into period of seedling establishment；B0Start accumulated temperature threshold value when irrigating for garlic.
Step 2: according to garlic different growing to the absorbing rule of mineral nutrition, it is established that garlic accumulated temperature and with each mineral seek
The respective function relationship of element absorption amount is supported, and according to the respective function relationship of foundation, designs the fertilizer application formula in garlic each period
With dose, calculation method is as follows:
According to every Z days garlics growth period gas accumulated temperature and ground accumulated temperature average value B, and each breeding time N, P of sample detection garlic,
The content and situation of change of K nutrient, it is established that garlic accumulated temperature and functional relation N (B), P with Mineral Nutrition Absorption amount
(B), K (B), setting fertilising gap periods accumulated temperature threshold value B1, i.e. accumulated temperature increase B1, carry out single-dose application, obtain fertilizer application frequency and N,
P, functional relation D (i), L (i), the J (i) of the total dose of K；The dose and fertilizer application formula of i-th calculate as follows:
RN=D (i)-D (i-1)
RP=L (i)-L (i-1)
RK=J (i)-J (i-1)
N:P:K=[D (i)-D (i-1)]: [L (i)-L (i-1)]: [J (i)-J (i-1)]
Step 3: according to the breeding time of Garlic Growth and representing the gas accumulated temperature of corresponding breeding time and the average value B of ground accumulated temperature, set
Fertilising concentration under the conditions of different growing, controller is by adjusting the unlatching ratio with fertile pipeline electric flow control valve (3)
Frequency with opening with fertile solenoid valve, controls each fertilizer application formula and dose；
Step 4: soil moisture content sensor (33), which will measure soil moisture content value H, is real-time transmitted to controller, controller is according to setting
Threshold range H0Control water pump starts or stops irrigation, when measuring H > H0When, system is without irrigating；When measuring H≤H0When,
Controller control loop matches completely closing for electric flow control valve (3) on fertile pipeline (20), closes with fertile solenoid valve, starting
Water pump starts to irrigate, and each irrigation volume is according to soil moisture content the value H and H of survey0Proportion adjustment；The y times irrigation quantity calculates such as
Under:
W (y)=k0×(Hy-H0)+W0
W in formula0For the standard irrigation volume of setting；HyThe soil moisture content value surveyed for the y times；H0The soil moisture content threshold irrigated for starting
Value；k0It is soil moisture content to the proportionality coefficient of duty；
By step 1 to step 4, the starting or stoping of water pump, the unlatching of electric flow control valve in controller control system
Ratio, the open and close with fertile solenoid valve, the open and close of each subregion rotation flow solenoid valve carry out the liquid manure one of garlic
Change and irrigates.
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| CN201910063616.6A CN109644660A (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | A kind of garlic water-fertilizer integral irrigation system and control method |
| PCT/CN2019/099155 WO2020151216A1 (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-08-03 | Water and fertilizer integrated irrigation system for garlic, and control method |
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