CN107667818A - The closing cultural method that a kind of potted plant rich water recycles - Google Patents
The closing cultural method that a kind of potted plant rich water recycles Download PDFInfo
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- CN107667818A CN107667818A CN201711116466.8A CN201711116466A CN107667818A CN 107667818 A CN107667818 A CN 107667818A CN 201711116466 A CN201711116466 A CN 201711116466A CN 107667818 A CN107667818 A CN 107667818A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of potted plant rich water to recycle closing cultural method, belongs to agricultural greenhouse facility cultivation and field of surface source pollution control technology.A kind of special purpose device and management and utilization method specifically is provided for the facility cultivation production of potted plant, its special purpose device includes cultivation bed, rich water supply and discharge pipeline, rich water supply system, rich water recovery system and secondary rich water sterilizing machine.This technology method is reliable, easy to operate, and irrigation efficiency is high, can remarkably promote the speed of growth of potted plant, improves production efficiency.Solve in potted plant production process the problems such as manually watering cost is high, matrix dry and wet is uneven, growth uniformity difference simultaneously, solve the problems, such as during horticultural production that rich water number of dropouts is big, environmental pollution weight, also effectively increase the utilization rate of rich water.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses the closing cultural method that a kind of potted plant rich water recycles, and belongs to the cultivation of agricultural greenhouse facility
Training and field of surface source pollution control technology.
Background technology
Since 21 century, because facilities horticulture constantly utilizes sophisticated equipment, instrument, technology, achievement and new material, progressively body
Reveal environment controllability, benefit high efficiency and soil efficiently using, water-saving labor-saving, beautify the environment, get rich in the people the features such as, meet
China's Resources for construction economizing type and the fundamental state policy of friendly environment society, are increasingly paid much attention to by governments at all levels, times
Welcome by the producer and peasant.In recent years, facilities horticulture industry in China's has obtained vigorous growth, achieves and makes us proud
Achievement.Facilities horticulture cultivated area in 2011 is more than 4,000,000 hm2, played in gardening product supply and farmer richness huge
Big effect (Guo Shirong etc., 2012).
Potted plant is the important kind of facilities horticulture industry, mainly flowers.Facility cultivation is special as a utilization
The technology of planting environment and means can effectively adjust flowers life through each stage of flower growth by a variety of artificial measureses
Long environment, meet that different flower varieties to external environment, the requirement of growth conditions, produce the flower of high-quality in different growth phases
Grass product.Mainly there is following advantage：1st, whole year production can not carried out by season environmental restrictions.Due to socio-economic development, people
Living standard improves constantly, anti-season consumption demand increase, especially flowers, and whole year production can provide different color to people
While bring the impression being in a cheerful frame of mind.2nd, can each conditions of artificial adjustment, adapt to different production requirements.Facility cultivation exists
Various environmental factors in facility are relatively stable, can regulate and control for the condition needed for target crop, meet the life of different plants
Long growth requirement.3rd, facility area is concentrated, convenient management.Greenhouse inner region is compared to open country, under conditions of environmental condition is controllable,
Centralized management can save labour, reduce the input such as equipment loss, and position also Relatively centralized, is easy to be managed collectively between each greenhouse.
4th, it is less by external interference, high-quality high-grade product, high financial profit can be produced.In relative closed environment, product quality by
Ectocine is smaller, so as to ensure the homogeneity of product quality, effectively improves economic benefit.
Still there are many urgent problems to be solved in facility cultivation：1st, facility level is low, and scientific and technological content has much room for improvement.Flourishing state
Family development facility cultivation take be " high investment, high production " technology path, and China technology and it is economical due to, adopt
It is low input, the system of low energy consumption.The facility cultivation area in China is in advanced in the world at present, but wherein more than 90% all
Be based on simple type facility, simple structure, be simply equipped, land utilization ratio is low, lighting performance is poor, working space is small, unfavorable
In the construction standard of mechanically actuated, facility is low, capacity to combat natural adversities is poor, most greenhouses be also far from being temperature, light,
The comprehensive adjustment control of the environment such as water, gas.2nd, product safety quality and environmental hazard problem are serious.Because facility structure does not conform to
Reason, plus environment conditioning ability, causes pest and disease damage largely to occur, and causes Pesticide use excessive；The simple pursuit economy profit having
Benefit, blindly using chemical fertilizer, cause environmental pollution.In facility cultivation, soil is for a long time in high temperature, high humidity, high evaporation capacity, nothing
In the closed environment of rain leaching, multiple crop index is high, and fertilizer amount is big, causes soil texture to be destroyed, hardenedization, for many years continuous cropping
Soil plough horizon salt accumulation can be caused serious, form secondary salinization.3rd, standardized technique system is not perfect enough.Facility cultivation is still
Based on traditional planting technology, lack the level of control of the scientific quantification based on crop varieties characteristic and soil, facilities environment.4、
Yield and labor productivity are low.The yield and labor productivity of China's flowers facility cultivation are all well below foreign countries.To manage per capita
Manage greenhouse area exemplified by, China only just correspond to Japan 1/5, the 1/50 of part European countries, the U.S. 1/300 (Yang Yanshan,
2011)。
Due to the stationarity of facility and unicity, the repeatability of raise crop, the unreasonable use of a large amount of chemical fertilizer, in addition
Soil suppressiveness is improper, with the increase of the facility cultivation time limit, causes soil nutrient uneven, causes microbial populations in soil
Change, soil texture destroy and the generation of secondary salinization and nutrient obstruction, harmful substance accumulates, pest and disease damage occurs frequently,
Root-knot nematode is serious, and continuous cropping obstacle aggravates year by year, makes crop growth bad, and yield and quality declines, and continuous cropping obstacle is increasingly
Seriously turn into the important bottleneck (Guo Shirong etc., 2012) of China's soil in protected field Sustainable and highly-efficient use.
Potted plant in addition to base manure is applied in the substrate in the prior art, in order to ensure the ample supply of rich water, Hai Xuding
Phase carries out top dressing.Better method is Fertigation, and watering every time is all applied fertilizer in proportion, and matrix EC is maintained at most suitable scope.
Fertilization mode mainly has three kinds：1st, artificial pour is applied.Fertilizer is dissolved in water by a certain percentage, then manually pours and is applied to flowerpot
In.Its advantage is the input without extra fertilization system, simple and easy.2nd, sprinkler irrigation fertilization.Shower nozzle is installed at the top of potted plant,
Rich water forms fine liquid particles sprinkling irrigation from top.Its advantage is that system is easy for installation, and cost is cheap compared with drip irrigation, and drop is also acted as after spraying
The effect of temperature humidification, microenvironment are preferable.3rd, fertigation.PE pipes are installed around potted plant, then installed by potted plant density
Hollow billet and drop arrow, assign 1 drop arrow, per basin fertilizer water 0.3L per minute per basin.Its advantage is saving of labor, and rich water supply is uniform, fertilizer
Stream, which is lost, to be wasted less.(scorching red palm production technology Beijing of Lei Jiangli, Xu Yi：Chinese agriculture publishing house, 2004.1).
Three kinds of major ways of potted plant fertilising are had nothing in common with each other shortcoming：1st, artificial pour is applied.Take a lot of work very much；Fertilizer loss wave
Take more；Water uneven, potting media some is not irrigated, some pours dilutional hyponatremia, finally makes plant strain growth uniformity poor.
2nd, sprinkler irrigation fertilization.Shower nozzle is easily blocked, it is necessary to which by careful filtering, the requirement to water quality and fertilizer solubility is higher；Spray every time
After filling, infiltration of the bud through eutrophic water, the injury to young plant can be caused；Fertilizer loss wastes also most.3rd, fertigation.Need
PE pipes to be installed on implant bed, then are connected with hollow billet in drop arrow insertion basin, system input is larger；The packing density of drop arrow is solid
Fixed, it can only increase, it is impossible to reduce.And in cultivation of the potted plant from seedling to seedlings, potted plant density is constantly to change
, so drip irrigation cultivation can only just be cultivated from seedling by seedlings density, wasting space.Because the water yield of each drop arrow also has
Difference, so in order to irrigate matrix, heavy irrigation is needed, part fertilizer, which will be lost in, to be wasted.
The content of the invention
Technical problem
Rich water supply is taken a lot of work in being produced for industrialized agriculture potted plant, fertilizer loss wastes what more, environmental pollution weighed
Present situation, the present invention provide the technical scheme that a kind of rich water recycles closing cultural method, the manuring irrigation of potted plant is existed
Completed in the cultivation bed of reusable edible, potted plant density can be adjusted constantly as needed, both improve space availability ratio, production effect
Rate and rich water delivery quality, make management easy, potted plant quality and growth uniformity also greatly improve, and cultivate in production process
It is lost in without rich water, it is environmentally friendly.
Technical scheme
The closing cultural method that a kind of potted plant rich water recycles, it is characterised in that：
1) cultivation system design is closed
Supplied by cultivation bed (1), rich water supply and discharge pipeline (2) and nutrient solution and formed with retracting device.Cultivation bed (1) is used to put
Potted plant is put, and tide irrigation is carried out to potting media.Rich water supply and discharge pipeline (2) connection cultivation bed (1) and nutrient solution supply
With retracting device, and with Valve controlling fill row；Nutrient solution supplies the one end for being located at cultivation bed (1) with retracting device, for seeking
The preparation supply and the storage of secondary rich water of nutrient solution, sterilize and recycle.
The cultivation bed (1), is the U-shaped tank that can accumulate nutrient solution, suitable for reading slightly wide, bottom flat, multiple rows of parallel
It is vertical, it is placed on steelframe and fixes on seedbed or moving nursery bed, cultivation bed (1) is formed by connecting by U-type groove, is consolidated with screw and fluid sealant
Fixed sealing, both ends are provided with end socket, connection rich water supply and discharge pipeline (2) below end socket, respectively as rich water supply and drainage channel,
Cultivation bed (1) bottom sets 0.1% lower gradient along rich water flow direction, so that rich water flows and empties.The rich water supplies
Row pipeline (2) is nutrient solution to be supplied and the transfer passage between retracting device and cultivation bed (1) in nutrient solution, by water supply line
Formed with drainage pipeline, be separately installed with water supply valve (3) and water discharging valve (5), the height of supply and discharge pipeline will be less than cultivation bed
(1), and with being tightly connected below cultivation bed (1) end socket with water pipe, the water pipe below each cultivation bed (1) both ends installs one
Single control valve (4), individually the injection of control nutrient solution and discharge are, it is necessary to open water supply valve (3) and cultivation bed (1) confession when irrigating
Water end (W.E.) single control valve (4), sent nutrient input in cultivation bed (1) by fertilizer applicator (6), tide irrigation is carried out, when rich water liquid level
Cultivation bed (1) water supply end single control valve (4) is closed when reaching the 1/2 of height of flowerpot, stops supply.Beaten after tide irrigation 10min
Cultivation bed (1) discharge ends single control valve (4) and water discharging valve (5) are opened, rich water is deposited because Action of Gravity Field flow back into secondary rich water certainly
In storage tank (8).
The nutrient solution supply and retracting device, (8) and sterilizing machine (9) structure is filled by fertilizer applicator (6), the storage of secondary rich water
Into, realize rich water accurately supply, secondary rich water recovery storage and secondary rich water recycling function.Fertilizer applicator (6) be it is a kind of by
The automation nutrient solution supply equipment of micro computer control, is connected with cultivation bed (1) water supply end water supply valve (3), and (7) are filled by storage fertilizer
Formed with main frame, store up fertilizer and fill (7) for storing nutrient solution mother liquor, multichannel fertilizer applicator can be stored in different nutrient solution components
Selected as needed in different storage fertilizer tanks, during use, host computer control nutrient solution prescription and concentration, according to setup parameter from difference
Storage fertilizer tank in extract concentrate, be configured to by rich water supply and discharge pipeline (2) be transported to cultivation bed after setting concentration with irrigation water
(1) in.Secondary rich water storage fills (8) and is connected with cultivation bed (1) discharge ends water discharging valve (3), is completed for storing tide irrigation
Solution backwater afterwards, thereon the height of liquid level be less than drainpipe, in underground or semi-underground inspection shaft.Sterilizing machine (9) is
A kind of ozone generator, it is connected with secondary rich water holding vessel (8), sterilization is carried out to solution backwater.Equipped with ozonizer, return
Water pump, water inlet pipe, outlet pipe and filter.Ozonizer connecting secondary rich water holding vessel (8) bottom, sterilizes to solution backwater
Sterilization, also connecting secondary rich water holding vessel (8) bottom, outlet pipe connect rich water supply line (2) and fertilizer applicator to water inlet pipe respectively
(6) water inlet pipe, outlet pipe to rich water supply line are provided with flowing water Valve (10), and outlet pipe to fertilizer applicator (6) water inlet pipe is provided with multiple
With valve (11).
2) cultural method is closed
The use of three kinds of conventional full composition Water soluble fertilizers of potted plant production is high nitrogen fertilizer, balance fertilizer and high potash fertilizer, according to potted plant kind
Class determines rich water concentration, generally 1~1.3g/L, then is configured to 100 times of concentrate, i.e. 100~130g/L, is stored in solution
In tank；
Rich water supply cultivation is carried out using the device designed by step 1), fertilizer applicator (6) is opened when rich water is supplied, rich water
Inject in cultivation bed (1), and reach the 1/2 of height of flowerpot, and keep 10min, fully absorb potting media；(3) row of unlatching
Water valve, remaining rich water is set to be back in secondary rich water storage tank；
Irrigation is carried out disinfection after terminating using ozonizer to secondary rich water, test nutritive value, as EC values 0.8 with
On, reuse；If EC values are below 0.8, add fresh solution and compound to aimed concn and use；
Typical Effects of Fertilization Frequency is 3 fertile 1 water, i.e., often applies 3 fertilizer, is sprayed 1 time from top with clear water.
The cultivation bed (1) is formed by connecting by U-shaped tank, is made of glass-reinforced plastic material, rich water supply and discharge pipeline (2) be by
PVC material is made.Cultivation bed (1) is placed on the high steelframes of 1.2m or seedbed, the U-shaped tank width 220mm suitable for reading, and lower mouth is wide
Spend 140mm, height 140mm, thickness 1.5mm, monolithic maximum length 6m.EC values (1 matrix of periodic detection potting media：2 water),
As EC values are less than optimal section 0.8~1.2, more fertilisings；As EC values are higher than optimal section 0.8~1.2, more waterings.
Beneficial effect：
1st, the main frame that the present invention designs is closing cultivation bed, and potted plant is independently distributed by cultivating container of plastic tub
In cultivation bed, nutrient solution only need to enter cultivation bed by pipeline, you can enter matrix by flowerpot bottom permeable hole, irrigate knot
Shu Houke is reclaimed to unnecessary rich water by discharge pipe line, does not produce any outflow, forms a totally enclosed cultivation side
Method.
2nd, the secondary rich water of configured discharge pipe line recovery it is reusable after the processing such as sterilizing, filtering or with it is new
Used after fresh nutrient solution compounding, constantly recycle, realize horticultural production zero-emission, the utilization rate of rich water is greatly improved.
3rd, because nutrient solution can fully penetrate into cultivation matrix, rich water supply is balanced fully, and makes cultivation matrix water content
Synchronously reach the threshold value irrigated next time, crop rhizosphere environment will be optimized improvement, quality, growth speed compared with conventional cultivation
Degree and uniformity can obtain larger raising.Using the red palm cultivated of the present invention significantly improve plant height up to 13.94%~
16.11%, hat width is significantly improved up to 19.64~23.82%, is significantly improved leaf area up to 16.46%~28.64%, is significantly carried
High spathe area significantly improves bennet up to 11.44%~26.00%, number of blooming improves up to 30.51%~30.76%
4.92%~7.58%.Save fertilizer about 20%~30%.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is the planar structure schematic diagram that potted plant rich water recycles closing culture apparatus
Fig. 2 potted plant rich water recycles the stereochemical structure profile of closing culture apparatus
Fig. 3 cultivates the starting phase
Fig. 4 cultivates mid-term
Fig. 5 cultivates the later stage
In figure, 1- cultivation beds；2- rich water supply and discharge pipelines；3- water supply valves；4- single control valves；5- water discharging valves；6- applies fertilizer
Machine；
7- stores up fertile tank；Bis- rich water storage tanks of 8-；9- sterilizing machines；10- sterilizing machine flowing water Valves；11- sterilizing machines compound valve
Door.
Embodiment：
As shown in Fig. 1~Fig. 2, a kind of potted plant rich water recycles closing cultural method, is supplied by cultivation bed 1, rich water
Row pipeline 2, fertilizer applicator 6, storage fertile tank 7, secondary rich water storage tank 8 and sterilizing machine 9 are formed, fertilizer applicator 6 and secondary rich water storage tank 8
The top of cultivation bed is respectively positioned on Deng rich water system, is connected by rich water supply and discharge pipeline 2 with cultivation bed 1.
The cultivation bed 1, it is placed on the high steelframes of 1.2m or seedbed, by FRP fiberglass tank (Jiangmen City of Guangdong Province Peng Jiang
De Gao plastic cement electrical apparatus factory of area produce) be tightly connected form, tank width 220mm suitable for reading, lower mouth width 140mm, height 140mm,
Thickness 1.5mm, monolithic maximum length 6m, it is fixedly connected with self-tapping screw by connection sheet, is sealed with glass cement.Cultivation bed both ends
End socket is installed, also sealed with glass cement.Connect water pipe below end socket, respectively as rich water supply and discharge-channel, with rich water supply and discharge
Pipeline connects.The lower gradient that trench bottom sets 0.1% along rich water flow direction is cultivated, so that rich water flows and empties.
The rich water supply and discharge pipeline 2, it is a kind of PVC feed pipes (Yonggao Co., Ltd's production), is that nutrient solution is being sought
Transfer passage between nutrient solution device and cultivation bed, diameter 32mm, thickness 1.6mm.Supply and discharge pipeline is by water supply line and drainpipe
Road is formed, and is separately installed with water supply valve 3, water discharging valve 5, is PVC ball valves.The height of supply and discharge pipeline will be less than cultivation bed,
And be tightly connected with the downcomer under cultivation bed end cap, the water pipe under each cultivation bed end socket has a single control valve 4,
To control the injection of nutrient solution and discharge.
The single control valve and water supply valve at the water supply end of cultivation bed 1 for preparing to irrigate first are opened during irrigation, is then turned on fertilizer applicator
Send nutrient input in cultivation bed, carry out tide irrigation.Single control valve is closed when rich water liquid level reaches the 1/2 of height of flowerpot
Door, 10min is stopped, matrix is fully absorbed water.Tide irrigation opens the single control valve 4 and draining valve of cultivation bed discharge ends after terminating
Door 5, rich water are flow back into secondary rich water storage tank 8 certainly due to Action of Gravity Field.
The nutrient solution supplies retracting device, by fertilizer applicator 6 (production of Shanghai Hua Wei water-saving irrigation limited company), two
The storage of secondary rich water fill 8 and sterilizing machine 9 (Jiangsu Zhenhua agricultural development Co., Ltd) form, realize rich water accurately supply, secondary fertilizer
Water Sproading stores and secondary rich water recycling function.
Fertilizer applicator 6 is a kind of automation nutrient solution supply equipment by micro computer control, is made up of storage fertilizer filling 7 and main frame.
Storage fertilizer is filled for storing nutrient solution mother liquor, is divided into the class of A, B, C tri-, A storage high nitrogen fertilizers according to typical Water soluble fertilizer type, B storages are put down
Weighing apparatus fertilizer, C store high potash fertilizer, select as needed during use.It is 200L that storage fertilizer, which fills capacity, and the water-soluble of 20kg is added after filling water
Fertilizer, that is, it is made into the solution of 100 times of concentration.Host computer control nutrient solution prescription and concentration, according to setup parameter from different storage fertilizer tanks
Interior extraction concentrate, it is configured to irrigation water after target EC by Pipeline transport to cultivation bed.
Secondary rich water storage fills 8 and is used to store the solution backwater after the completion of tide irrigation, and the height of liquid level is less than row thereon
Water pipe, it need to be arranged in underground or semi-underground inspection shaft.Sterilizing machine is a kind of ozone generator, and ozone is connected to by ozonizer
Secondary rich water stores pot bottom, and sterilization is carried out to solution backwater.Sterilizing machine 9 equipped with back water pump, water inlet pipe, outlet pipe and
Filter, also connecting secondary rich water storage pot bottom, the configurating filtered device, the outlet pipe of sterilizing machine 9 connect the water inlet pipe of sterilizing machine 9 respectively
Rich water supply line 2 and the water inlet pipe of fertilizer applicator 6, valve 11 is compounded by the flowing water Valve 10 of sterilizing machine 9 and sterilizing machine 9 respectively and controlled
It is flowed to.
The rich water supply of the closing cultural method and circulation utilization method, the fertilizer of first cultivation bed is first opened during use
Water supply pipeline, is then turned on fertilizer applicator, is run after choosing fertilizer applications, and rich water is injected in cultivation bed, in the middle part of cultivation bed
Rich water reach 6~8cm liquid level, about height of flowerpot 1/2 when open the single control valve at next group cultivation bed water supply end
Door, the single control valve at a collection of cultivation bed water supply end before turning off, stop note fertilizer.Tide irrigation keeps 10min, fills potting media
Divide and absorb.It is then turned on completing the single control valve and draining main valve of the discharge ends of irrigable culture groove, remaining rich water is back to two
In secondary rich water storage tank.Above step is repeated by batch, until completing the irrigation of last batch of cultivation bed.Secondary rich water storage one
After quantitative, ozone dissolving sterilization, disinfecting time 20min are carried out to secondary rich water using ozonizer.Test secondary rich water
EC values, such as EC values (1 matrix：2 water) more than 0.8, recycling pattern is performed, that is, the flowing water Valve of sterilizing machine 9 is opened when irrigating
10 and the back water pump of sterilizing machine 9, it is connected with rich water supply line 2, the sterilized direct irrigation of secondary rich water；As EC values exist
Less than 0.8, compounding Land use models are performed, that is, sterilizing machine 9 is opened when irrigating and compounds valve 11 and the back water pump of sterilizing machine 9, with fertilising
The water inlet pipe of machine 6 connects, and adding fresh solution by fertilizer applicator compounds to the utilization of target EC values.
Typical Effects of Fertilization Frequency is 3 fertile 1 water, i.e., often applies 3 fertilizer, is irrigated 1 time from the top spray of potted plant with clear water.
The EC values of periodic detection potting media, as EC values are less than optimal section 0.8~1.2, raising Effects of Fertilization Frequency；If EC values are higher than optimal
Section 0.8~1.2, reduce Effects of Fertilization Frequency, more waterings.
Example：
The red potted plant production of the palm in Nanjing greenhouse
The proving ground is located at Nanjing Jiangning District Lu Kou streets brass hill community Nanjing Nanjing Lv Gu modern horticulturals
In Co., Ltd, the red potted plant production of the palm is carried out in plastic green house.Greenhouse is equipped with the mechanical, electrical dynamic outer screening of automation fuel heating
The environment conditioning equipment such as sun, wet curtain fan system, high-pressure atomization cooling system, temperature control can be existed according to red palm cultivation condition
More than 15 DEG C of winter lowest temperature, below 33 DEG C of the summer highest temperature.
Test material is the seedling from the red palm Alabama that Kunming An Zu gardens skill Co., Ltd introduces and madura, is tried
Test area and establish closing cultivation bed 14, each 7 of 2 kinds.It is every 24 meters long, place 96 basins of the red palm.Compare as traditional steelframe
The conventional pouring method of bed planting, each 100 basin of 2 kinds.
To test in 12 days July in 2016, seedling is the double seedlings in 7 ㎝ basins footpaths, and growing way is homogeneous during field planting, 12 ㎝ of height~
13 ㎝ or so.Cultivation matrix presses 6 with KLASMANN peat soils and perlite:1(v:V) it is well mixed, the ㎝ of flowerpot specification 150 ×
143 ㎝, the potted plant density starting phase against arranging, later with the growth of red palm seedling, increases basin spacing in good time, mutual with blade tip
Contact but be not staggeredly covered as standard.3 months before fertilizer applications are high nitrogen fertilizer (flower the more No. 10 30-10-10, U.S. The
Scotts Company, similarly hereinafter)+high potash fertilizer (flower the more No. 12 15-10-30), rotation is carried out, fertilising concentration 1g/L.
Balance fertilizer (flower the more No. 1 20-20-20)+high potash fertilizer (flower the more No. 12 15-10-30), wheel are adjusted to after 3 months
Swap-in row, fertilising concentration are adjusted to 1.3g/L.Effects of Fertilization Frequency is 31 water of fertilizer, i.e., top sprays 1 time clearly after continuously irrigating 3 rich water
Water.The cycle of manuring irrigation determines that can stromal surface is slightly dry before irrigation (quantify according to water content of substrateWater contentDo not survey
The fixed index, producing can not possibly decide whether to water according to quantitative target, all observe by the naked eye, rule of thumb sentence
It is disconnected), it is irrigation optimum period when internal slightly dry.
Sampling measure plant height, hat width, leaf area, spathe area, bennet length, the growths such as number of blooming refer to after cultivating 6 months
Mark.Each 10 plants of processing measure, averages.It is repeated 3 times.
Result of the test shows that the rich water that potted flower closing cultural method provided by the invention can efficiently complete potted anthurium andraeanum fills
Task, and irrigation quality uniform and complete are irrigate, potted flower production is remarkably promoted, compared with being poured to more solito, significantly improves plant height
Up to 13.94%~16.11%, significantly improve hat width up to 19.64~23.82, significantly improve leaf area up to 16.46%~
28.64%, significantly improve spathe area up to 30.51%~30.76%, significantly improve bennet up to 11.44%~
26.00%, number of blooming is significantly improved up to 13.92%~15.04%.Realize horticultural production zero-emission.Save fertilizer about 20-
30%.
Table 1 closes influence of the cultural method management to potted anthurium andraeanum ' Alabama ' Growth and anthesis
| Growth and anthesis index | It is conventional to pour | Close cultural method management | Growth rate (%) |
| Plant height (cm) | 22.85bB | 26.53aA | 16.11 |
| Hat width (cm) | 34.88bB | 43.19aA | 23.82 |
| Leaf area (㎝2) | 13.41bB | 17.25aA | 28.64 |
| Spathe area (㎝2) | 43.99bB | 57.41aA | 30.51 |
| Bennet grows (cm) | 15.73bB | 19.82aA | 26.00 |
| Bloom and count (piece) | 3.95aA | 4.50aA | 13.92 |
Different lowercases represents P=0.05 significance difference analysis, and different capitalizations represents P=0.01's
Significance difference analysis.
Table 2 closes influence of the cultural method management to potted anthurium andraeanum ' madura ' Growth and anthesis
Different lowercases represents P=0.05 significance difference analysis, and different capitalizations represents P=0.01's
Significance difference analysis.
Analysis is sampled to red palm functional leaf, cultivation bed divides leading portion, stage casing and 3 points of back segment separately sampled, routinely poured
Filling method grab sample, each point clip 5, which is opened, newly goes out intact leaf.Analysis result shows that closing cultural method management makes potted plant red
Palm nutrient supply significantly improves.Cultivation bed is because front end first obtains manuring irrigation, front end, stage casing and rear end different parts
Potted anthurium andraeanum nutrient content is variant, but is significantly improved compared with conventional cultivation.
Table 3 closes influence of the cultural method to the red palm ' madura ' Leaf nutrient contents
Table 4 closes influence of the cultural method to the red palm ' Alabama ' Leaf nutrient contents
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. closing cultural method that potted plant rich water recycles, it is characterised in that：1) cultivation system design is closedSupplied by cultivation bed (1), rich water supply and discharge pipeline (2) and nutrient solution and formed with retracting device.Cultivation bed (1) is used to place basin Thing is transplanted, and tide irrigation is carried out to potting media.Rich water supply and discharge pipeline (2) connection cultivation bed (1) and nutrient solution supply are with returning Receiving apparatus, and fill row with Valve controlling；Nutrient solution supplies the one end for being located at cultivation bed (1) with retracting device, for nutrient solution Preparation supply and secondary rich water storage, sterilize and recycle；The cultivation bed (1), it is to be tightly connected to form by U-shaped tank, both ends are provided with end socket, end socket bottom connection rich water supply and discharge Pipeline (2), respectively as rich water supply and drainage channel, cultivation bed (1) bottom is oblique along rich water flow direction setting 0.1% Degree, so that rich water flows and empties；The rich water supply and discharge pipeline (2), it is that nutrient solution is supplied in nutrient solution and the conveying between retracting device and cultivation bed (1) is led to Road, it is made up of water supply line and drainage pipeline, is separately installed with water supply valve (3) and water discharging valve (5), the height of supply and discharge pipeline To be less than cultivation bed (1), and be tightly connected with the water pipe below cultivation bed (1) end socket, the water below each cultivation bed (1) both ends Pipe all installs a single control valve (4), and individually the injection of control nutrient solution and discharge are, it is necessary to open water supply valve (3) when irrigating With cultivation bed (1) water supply end single control valve (4), sent nutrient input in cultivation bed (1) by fertilizer applicator (6), carry out tide filling Irrigate, cultivation bed (1) water supply end single control valve (4) is closed when rich water liquid level reaches the 1/2 of height of flowerpot, stop supply.Tide Cultivation bed (1) discharge ends single control valve (4) and water discharging valve (5) are opened after irrigating 10min, rich water is flowed back to certainly due to Action of Gravity Field In to secondary rich water storage tank (8)；The nutrient solution supply and retracting device, by fertilizer applicator (6), the storage of secondary rich water fills (8) and sterilizing machine (9) is formed, real Existing rich water is accurately supplied, the recovery of secondary rich water stores and secondary rich water recycling function.Fertilizer applicator (6) is one kind by micro computer The automation nutrient solution supply equipment of control, is connected with cultivation bed (1) water supply end water supply valve (3), and (7) and main frame are filled by storage fertilizer Form, store up fertilizer and fill (7) for storing nutrient solution mother liquor, multichannel fertilizer applicator can be stored in different nutrient solution components different Store up in fertile tank, select as needed during use, host computer control nutrient solution prescription and concentration, according to setup parameter from different storage fertilizer Concentrate is extracted in tank, is configured to be transported in cultivation bed (1) by rich water supply and discharge pipeline (2) after setting concentration with irrigation water. The storage of secondary rich water fills (8) and is connected with the water discharging valve (3) of rich water supply and discharge pipeline, for storing the solution after the completion of tide irrigation Backwater, thereon the height of liquid level be less than drainpipe, in underground or semi-underground inspection shaft.Sterilizing machine (9) is a kind of ozone Generator, equipped with ozonizer, back water pump, water inlet pipe, outlet pipe and filter.Ozonizer connecting secondary rich water holding vessel (8) Bottom, sterilization is carried out to solution backwater, also connecting secondary rich water holding vessel (8) bottom, outlet pipe connect water inlet pipe respectively Rich water supply line (2) and fertilizer applicator (6) water inlet pipe, outlet pipe to rich water supply line are provided with flowing water Valve (10), outlet pipe Compounding valve (11) is provided with to fertilizer applicator (6) water inlet pipe..2) cultural method is closedThe use of three kinds of conventional full composition Water soluble fertilizers of potted plant production is high nitrogen fertilizer, balance fertilizer and high potash fertilizer, it is true according to potted plant species Determine rich water concentration, generally 1~1.3g/L, then be configured to 100 times of concentrate, i.e. 100~130g/L, be stored in solution tank In；Rich water supply cultivation is carried out using the device designed by step 1), fertilizer applicator (6) is opened when rich water is supplied, rich water is injected In cultivation bed (1), and reach the 1/2 of height of flowerpot, and keep 10min, fully absorb potting media；(3) draining valve is opened, Remaining rich water is set to be back in secondary rich water storage tank；Irrigation is carried out disinfection after terminating using ozonizer to secondary rich water, nutritive value is tested, such as EC values (1 matrix：2 water, Similarly hereinafter) more than 0.8, reuse；If EC values are below 0.8, add fresh solution and compound to aimed concn and use；Typical Effects of Fertilization Frequency is 3 fertile 1 water, i.e., often applies 3 fertilizer, is sprayed 1 time from top with clear water.
- 2. the closing cultural method that a kind of potted plant rich water according to claim 1 recycles, it is characterised in that：Institute State cultivation bed (1) to be formed by connecting by U-shaped tank, be made of glass-reinforced plastic material, rich water supply and discharge pipeline (2) is by PVC material system Into.
- 3. the closing cultural method that a kind of potted plant rich water according to claim 1 or 2 recycles, its feature exist In：Cultivation bed (1) is placed on the high steelframes of 1.2m or seedbed, U-shaped tank width 220mm suitable for reading, the lower mouth width 140mm, Height 140mm, thickness 1.5mm, monolithic maximum length 6m.
- 4. the closing cultural method that a kind of potted plant rich water according to claim 1 or 2 recycles, its feature exist In：The EC values of periodic detection potting media, as EC values are less than optimal section 0.8~1.2, more fertilisings；As EC values are higher than optimal zone Between 0.8~1.2, more waterings.
- 5. the closing cultural method that a kind of potted plant rich water according to claim 3 recycles, it is characterised in that：It is fixed Phase detects the EC values of potting media, as EC values are less than optimal section 0.8~1.2, applies fertilizer more；As EC values are higher than optimal section 0.8 ~1.2, more waterings.
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