CN101810092A - Plug seedling method for mulching plastic film on heliogreenhouse cucumber in winter and early spring - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a winter and early spring sunlight greenhouse cucumber film-covered hole tray seedling raising method, which utilizes a capillary liquid-absorbing hole tray seedling raising device, and uses the hole tray to cover the plastic film seedling cultivation to achieve the purpose of increasing the temperature of the rhizosphere and promoting the growth of the seedlings. The invention is suitable for cultivating cucumber seedlings in low-temperature seasons, and overcomes the disadvantage that the traditional hole tray seedling cultivation cannot be covered with a film due to ground sprinkler irrigation. This invention belongs to the combination of capillary liquid-absorbing water supply technology and plastic film covering technology. It not only has the advantages of convenient management and high fertilizer and water utilization rate of capillary liquid-absorbing plug seedling device, but also improves the temperature of rhizosphere matrix due to plastic film covering. Cucumber root development and seedling growth can save heating costs in low temperature seasons to a certain extent.

Description

Cucumber film-covered hole tray seedling raising method in sunlight greenhouse in winter and early spring

(1) Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-efficiency and energy-saving seedling cultivation, and is an improvement on the traditional cucumber plug seedling cultivation technology.

(2) Technical background

Cucumber is one of the vegetable crops with the largest cultivated area in protected areas in my country, and the quality of its seedlings has an important impact on the formation of yield and quality. Plug seedling cultivation is a comprehensive technology of modern vegetable seedling cultivation. Soilless substrate is often used, which not only saves labor and labor, but also helps to improve the nutritional environment of seedlings. Compared with traditional plastic pot bed soil seedling cultivation, it is more conducive to cultivating strong roots and improve seedling quality. Cucumber is a temperature-loving crop. Due to the arrangement of the stubble, its seedling cultivation is usually arranged in winter or early spring. The temperature in this season is low, which can easily lead to poor growth of cucumber seedlings. It is often necessary to heat up to increase the temperature of the air and rhizosphere environment, and consume a lot of water. fuel energy.

Film mulching has become a planting method with high economic benefits due to its advantages of increasing temperature and saving water, and is widely used in planting many vegetable crops. However, since the traditional hole tray seedlings use ground sprinkler irrigation, and the hole trays are independent of each other, most of the water sprayed from above after the hole tray is covered with plastic film will flow away from the plastic film and cannot achieve the purpose of watering the seedlings. Therefore, The currently used hole tray seedlings are not covered with plastic film. In 2009, the applicant developed a capillary suction plug seedling device and obtained a utility model patent (patent number: ZL 2009 2 0023014.X), which changed the water supply mode of the plug seedlings from the upper spray irrigation to the lower absorption supply. Covering plug-in tray seedlings provides a feasible way.

(3) Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve many problems existing in the traditional plug seedling cultivation of cucumbers in the sunlight greenhouse in winter and early spring, and utilizes a capillary liquid suction plug seedling raising device, adopts plastic film on the plug to cover the seedlings, so as to increase the temperature of the rhizosphere and promote the growth of the seedlings. At the same time, the water utilization rate can be further improved, the air humidity in the seedling raising space can be reduced, and the occurrence of diseases can be prevented.

The present invention is realized through the following steps:

1. Install the "capillary suction plug seedling device" as needed in the solar greenhouse.

The solar greenhouse adopts the column-free winter warm type solar greenhouse widely used in production.

2. Add grass charcoal and vermiculite (volume ratio 2:1) seedling substrate to the pre-made capillary lotion tray, and then cover the tray with a common PE plastic film with a thickness of 0.004-0.008mm. After covering the plastic film , use a hole puncher with a diameter of 1cm to punch a small hole in the plastic film aligned with the center of each hole, the hole depth is about 0.7cm, pull out the hole puncher, and then sow the germinated cucumber seeds into the small hole , covering the matrix. Put the trays that have been sown and covered with the matrix on the support frame on the liquid tank to ensure that the liquid-absorbing rope in each tray extends into the liquid tank.

3. The solar greenhouse adopts conventional management methods. During the growth of seedlings, the sun comes out for about 1 hour every morning, turn on the water pump, inject water from the liquid storage tank into the liquid tank to a depth of about 10 cm, and return the water in the liquid tank to the storage tank through the liquid return pipe at 2-3 pm. liquid pool. When the seedlings grow enough to be transplanted, remove the film and plant them in the greenhouse or greenhouse.

The beneficial effects of the invention are:

1. Due to the increased mulching, the temperature of the rhizosphere of cucumber seedlings can be increased, which is beneficial to the development of the root system; it can also reduce the evaporation of water on the surface of the substrate, which not only further improves the water use efficiency, but also reduces the air humidity, effectively reducing pests and diseases happened.

3. The use of capillary suction water supply not only avoids the traditional sprinkler irrigation, which will cause a considerable part of the water to be sprinkled outside, resulting in water waste, but also avoids the loss of fertilizer and improves the utilization rate of water and fertilizer.

3. Because the capillary absorbs liquid and supplies water evenly, the cucumber seedlings can grow more neatly.

(4) Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the cultivation bed of the resource-saving capillary suction type plug seedling raising device

Figure 2 is the overall cross-sectional view of the device

Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the seedling tray without plastic film

Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the seedling tray covered with plastic film

Figure 5 is the overall schematic diagram of the seedling tray after covering with plastic film

In the figure: 1 is the capillary suction tray, 2 is the liquid tank, 3 is the support frame, 4 is the liquid tank frame, 5 is the liquid inlet pipe, 6 is the water pump, 7 is the liquid return pipe, 8 is the liquid storage tank, 9 is a liquid inlet, 10 is a liquid discharge port, 11 is a seedling hole, 12 is a liquid-absorbing rope, 13 is a plastic film, and 14 is a cucumber seedling.

(5) Specific implementation methods

After the solar greenhouse is selected, the following will introduce the implementation plan of the method of growing cucumber seedlings in the solar greenhouse in winter and early spring according to the diagram shown in the figure.

The capillary suction tray consists of 50 hole common trays and a suction rope. The liquid-absorbing rope is made of cotton rope with a diameter of 3-5mm, and then penetrates through the small hole at the bottom of one hole, passes through the shoulder of the adjacent hole and passes through the small hole at the bottom of the other hole, and connects each two holes with a Suction rope (as shown in Figure 3). It is advisable that the end of the rope can be in contact with the bottom of the liquid supply tank.

Dig a pool near the east or west wall in the greenhouse as a liquid storage tank, and then coat the bottom and walls of the pool tightly with cement to prevent water leakage. The liquid storage tank is equipped with a liquid outlet and a liquid return port. The liquid outlet is connected to the liquid tank through the water pump and the pipeline, and the liquid return port is connected to the liquid tank and the liquid storage tank through the pipeline (as shown in 8 in Figure 2). Clean water or nutrient solution can be added to the water storage tank as needed.

If the liquid tank is made on the cultivation bed, the liquid tank can be made of a combination of foam boards and thick plastic film. At this time, the foam board should be reinforced with a welded triangle iron frame around the liquid tank, and then Φ8mm steel bars should be welded on the triangle iron frame. Keep parallel between the steel bars, and the distance between the two steel bars is based on the distance between the two seedling hole grooves on the seedling tray. If the liquid tank is made on the ground, bricks can be used, and the steel bars are directly fixed on the bricks with cement, and a triangle iron is added horizontally every 6 holes to prevent the steel bars from bending. The depth of the liquid tank is preferably 20cm.

The liquid tank is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, and is connected with the liquid storage tank through a pipeline and a water pump. Keep the bottom of the tank as horizontal as possible, with a slight depression near the drain.

The above is part of the capillary suction type plug seedling raising device, which has been patented (patent number: ZL 2009 2 0023014.X).

After the device is completed, add a mixed matrix of grass carbon and vermiculite (2:1 by volume) in the hole tray, and then cover the hole tray with plastic film. Punch a small hole in the plastic film at the center of each hole, the hole depth is about 0.7cm, pull out the hole puncher, and then sow the germinated cucumber seeds into the small hole to cover the substrate. Put the seeded tray on the support frame to ensure that each liquid-absorbing rope is stretched into the liquid tank. Afterwards, carry out routine management. Generally, the sun comes out for about 1 hour every morning, turn on the water pump, pump water from the liquid storage tank into the liquid tank, and return the water in the liquid tank to the liquid storage through the liquid return pipe at 2-3 pm pool. When the seedlings grow enough to be transplanted, remove the film and plant them in the greenhouse or greenhouse.

In order to prove the effect of this method, in December, 2009-January, 2010, utilize this method to carry out cucumber seedling raising test in the solar greenhouse of Shandong Agricultural University horticultural experiment station, test is divided into three kinds of treatments altogether, common sprinkling irrigation plug seedling raising (with CK represents), adopt the capillary suction type plug seedling raising device but do not use plastic film to cover the seedling raising (indicated by M), adopt the capillary liquid suction type plug seedling raising device to cover the plastic film seedling (that is, the winter and early spring sunlight greenhouse cucumber plastic film covering plug seedling cultivation method) , represented by D). The results of the test are shown in the following table: among the three treatments, the pigment content of cucumber leaves, plant height, stem diameter and accumulation of dry matter are all D>M>CK, and the difference is significant, indicating that this technology can promote the growth of cucumber seedlings. It can grow in cold winter and improve the quality of cucumber seedlings.

Table 1 Effects of different seedling raising methods on the pigment content of cucumber leaves

Table 2 Effects of different seedling raising methods on cucumber plant height, stem diameter and dry matter weight

Claims (4)

1. cucumber in solar-greenhouse plastic mulching in early spring in winter point disk seedling growing method is characterized in that realizing by following steps:

A installs " hollow billet imbibition point disk seedling growing device " as required in greenhouse by solar heat;

B adds seedling medium in the dish of ready made hollow billet washing lotion cave, covering with plastic film on the dish of cave is made a call to 1 aperture with card punch by mulch film on each cave then, and the cucumber seeds of having urged bud is seeded in the aperture, covers matrix; Be put on the liquid bath upper support frame having sowed the cave dish that has covered matrix, guarantee that the imbibition rope in each cave dish extend in the liquid bath;

The c greenhouse by solar heat adopts Routine Management, and during the growth of seedling, general every morning, the sun came out to open water pump about 1 hour, with water from liquid storage tank, injects liquid bath 10cm deeply about, by liquid back pipe with water in liquid bath be put back into liquid storage tank during 2-3 afternoon; When treating seedling length to portable, remove film, field planting is in greenhouse or booth.

2. according to right 1 described cucumber in solar-greenhouse plastic mulching in early spring in winter point disk seedling growing method, it is characterized in that described seedling medium was made up of careless carbon and vermiculite in 2: 1 by volume.

3. according to right 1 described cucumber in solar-greenhouse plastic mulching in early spring in winter point disk seedling growing method, it is characterized in that this seedling method carries out in greenhouse by solar heat.

4. according to right 1 described cucumber in solar-greenhouse plastic mulching in early spring in winter point disk seedling growing method, it is characterized in that cladding thickness is the PE mulch film of 0.004-0.008mm on the dish of cave.

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