CN1132022A - Tech. of crossbreeding of two-series sesame - Google Patents
Tech. of crossbreeding of two-series sesame Download PDFInfo
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- CN1132022A CN1132022A CN 94103410 CN94103410A CN1132022A CN 1132022 A CN1132022 A CN 1132022A CN 94103410 CN94103410 CN 94103410 CN 94103410 A CN94103410 A CN 94103410A CN 1132022 A CN1132022 A CN 1132022A
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Abstract
A technique for culturing bybrid sesame "Yuzhi No.9" by use of hybrid dominancy of male sterile line includes selective culture of gene male sterile line ms86-1, separating male sterile plant (50%) and male breedable plant (50%) for each generation, reproducing sterile line by said sterile and breedable plants in the same line, and cross-breeding by sterile plant in the sterile line as female parent and Danbage as male parent. Obtained "Yuzhi No.9" sesame features high yield (80-150 kg/mu), high contravariant resistance, and high oil content.
Description
The invention belongs to sesame gene male sterile two is the heterosis utilization field.
Sesame is the high-quality oil plant of generally acknowledging, but because of yield per unit area is lower, develops slower.Nearly recent decades, some scientific worker is in the hybrid vigour of exploratory development sesame and the possibility of utilization thereof both at home and abroad.Indology Pa1 in 1945 takes the lead in having reported sesame and has hybrid vigour, and over nearly two, 30 years, the heterotic existence of sesame further is that domestic and international scientific and technical personnel's research institute confirms.But, how on producing, to use this advantage, there is not the report of success so far.
About the research of sesame male sterile line, domestic still do not have a report, external then be in exploratory stage at initial stage.Malaguti and Mazzani (1958) once were reported in the Venezuela52 kind and find to bloom in part plant top and do not tie the phenomenon of capsule, and what think this phenomenon is because due to the h and E factor.Dabral and Mandloi (1974) found once in the F3 of PTS12-24 * 129 combination that outgrowth is not tied capsule in early days and the normal partial sterility plant of later stage knot capsule.Osman (1981) studies with 143 segregation populations, thinks that the male sterility of these materials is subjected to single recessive gene control.11 male sterile * male fertile F1 hybrid and its parent are compared, and single plant yield of F1 hybrid and oil content all are higher than it can educate the parent.Osman and Yermanos (1982) have reported and rediscovered the male sterile plants that produces no vitality pollen grain from Venezuela's germ plasm resources.With these plant and 9 male-fertile inter breed crossings, in the F2 segregation population, produce some male sterile plants.Male sterile plant with can educate strain hybridization, F1 is normal for the knot capsule, illustrate that the female fertility of sterile strain is normal, and male-fertile is dominance to male sterile.Paper has also been reported the mechanism of pollen grain abortion, has proposed male sterile and has tied up to the possibility of utilizing on the hybrid vigour.Brar (1982) reported 3 male sterile line: 57-1,143-4 and 546-4, but these 3 tie up to field performance male sterile, female fertility extreme difference; And male and female fertility is all fine in the greenhouse.Rangaswamy and Rathiuan (1982) handle two kinds with sub-ray and ethyl methanesulphonate, find to have male sterile plants in M2.Over nearly 10 years, external progress in this respect is little, from practical application very big distance is arranged still.
The objective of the invention is seed selection practicality sesame gene male sterile line, and develop crossbreed and the corresponding seeding technique of providing remarkable yield heterosis, thereby improve the yield per unit area of sesame.
Two is breed standard:
One, sesame gene male sterile line ms86-1:
1, cultivar origin:
Ms86-1 is with original male sterile germplasm, through population improvement, selects on the basis of outstanding variant system, cultivates through the sterile gene transformation to form again.
2, feature:
(1) morphological feature: plant single pole or few branch, the high 180-200 of stem centimetre, the cross section is square, green.The more common sesame of blade is short, little, and middle leaf is incised more shallow, the leaf margin indentation, and the leaf look darker.Axil 3 flowers, flower is bigger, white.Can educate strain in the male sterile line colony and sterile strain respectively accounts for about 50%.The flower pesticide that can educate the strain flower is full, and white has pollinia excessive when blooming; The flower pesticide of sterile strain flower is more thin and weak, green WUHUAFEN, and the male sterility of sterile strain is complete, and female fertility is normal, can be normally solid after accepting foreign pollen.Capsule 4 ribs, long about 3 centimetres.Every capsule is set seeds about 80, seed white, thousand kernel weight 3.0 grams.
(2) biological property: late miscellany type in the genus is about 100 days in yangtse-huaihe region time of infertility.Resistant to lodging, anti-stain evil, more anti-stem point rot and fusarium wilt.
3, output performance: the sterile line propagation field is by sterile strain and can educate that brother and sister hand over pollination between strain, and every mu can be produced male-sterile seed 25-30 kilogram.Can educate strain seed that self-pollination is tied can not reserve seed for planting.
4, adapt to the area: based on the Yangze river and Huai river basin, Shan Nan, area, east, river also can be bred or the preparing hybrid kind.
Two, Danba lattice:
1, cultivar origin: introduced Korea S in 1984,1985-1988 identifies and combining ability test through adaptability, resistance and yielding ability, and breeds through purifying.
2, feature:
(1) morphological feature: the single stalk type of plant, stem is high about 160 centimetres, and the cross section is square, green.Blade is less, and middle leaf is incised more shallow, the leaf margin indentation, and the leaf look darker.Axil 3 flowers, corolla white.Beginning capsule position is low, generally promptly begins to blossom at the 4th pair of axil, and capsule 4 ribs, long 2.7 centimetres, every capsule is set seeds about 70, thousand kernel weight 2.8 grams, grain white.
(2) biological property: belong to miscellany type early, about the 85 days time of infertility, resistant to lodging at yangtse-huaihe region, anti-stain evil, the withered and fusarium wilt of anti-stem point.
3, output performance: general per mu yield 60-70 kilogram.
4, adapt to the area: the Yellow River and Huai He River and to the north of the area.
The present invention has realized the supporting and heterosis utilization of sesame gene male sterile " two are ", and its hybrid is compared with conventional variety and mainly contains following advantage:
One, output height, sesame crossbreed Yuzhi No.9 1989-1991 participate in national sesame crossbreed regional combination test, and annual output all ranks first.Compare with check variety (Henan sesame No. 4) for 3 years 24 times, except that 1 is shown no increases in output, time all volume increase of all the other each points.74.77 kilograms of average yield per mus on average increase production 29.52%, and every mu has a net increase of 17 kilograms.Participate in Henan Province sesame crossbreed in 1991 and produce demonstration, totally 5 points, 87.32 kilograms of average yield per mus, comparison is according to No. 4 average volume increase 22.23% of Henan sesame, and every mu has a net increase of 15.9 kilograms.Participate in national sesame crossbreed in 1992 and produce demonstration, totally 7 points, 93.3 kilograms of average yield per mus, comparison is according to No. 4 average volume increase 23.7% of Henan sesame, and every mu has a net increase of 17.9 kilograms.1991 at Shangqiu, Henan and Fuping, Shaanxi demonstration plant, has obtained per mu yield 140.3 and 108.5 kilograms respectively, and than No. 4 volume increase 21.3% and 40.9% of the Henan sesame under the equal conditions, every mu has a net increase of 29.9 and 44.4 kilograms.Carry out high-yield culturing test at Xuchang basic point the same year, and the crossbreed Yuzhi No.9 once reached the high yield record of 229.6 kilograms of per mu yields.
Two, strong stress resistance: in Zhengzhou Yuzhi No.9 was carried out the fusarium wilt artificial inoculation and identify in 1990 and 1991, its phase enantiopathy index (RI) is respectively-1.17 and-2.91, belong to high anti-type, the sick garden evaluation through Institute of Plant Protection, academy of agricultural sciences, Henan Province in 1991, the RI of Yuzhi No.9 is-087, belong to disease-resistant type, the RI that the Henan sesame is No. 4 is-0.34, belongs to low anti-type, according to national regional combination pilot survey in 3 years, the average diseased plant rate of Yuzhi No.9 is 8.85%, be lower than other kind, Yuzhi No.9 stem stalk is sturdy, and is resistant to lodging, up to more than 220 centimetres, the lodging phenomenon took place never the bumper harvest field plant.
Because growth potential and the resistance against disadvantage that No. 9, Henan are strong, thereby accommodation is wider, under different weathers and rich water quality management condition, can both obtain the output higher than conventional variety.As nineteen ninety in the Nanchong Prefecture, Sichuan, though postpone because of date of seeding, overcast and rainy many, sunshine deficiency situation under, still have outstanding performance, 91.2 kilograms of per mu yields, comparison is according to kind volume increase 22.48%.Meeting under the arid situation in Xiangyang, Hubei in 1991, per mu yield still reaches 103 kilograms, and comparison is according to volume increase 35%.
Be that example is described in detail embodiments of the invention with the male sterile line mS86-1 breeding and hybrid " Yuzhi No.9 " production of hybrid seeds with cultivation below.
One, two propagation seed making technologies that are
Parent's male sterile line mS86-1 of " Yuzhi No.9 " is that a growing way is vigorous, and plant type is tall and big, the strain that the comprehensive agronomy proterties is good; Recovery is that the Danba lattice have advantage such as bloom early, internode is short, adaptability is strong, breeding time is short and coordinate force is strong, so the production of hybrid seeds can obtain high yield, but general per mu yield crossbreed more than 25 kilograms, under summer sowing morning condition, per mu yield can reach more than 35 kilograms.Male sterile line ms86-1 relies on sterile strain in the system to hand over and breed with educating brother and sister between strain, but general per mu yield because breeding male sterile lines and cross-breeding technology are basic identical, is that example is narrated at this seeding technique with the Yuzhi No.9 hybrid more than 20 kilograms:
Seeding technique mainly be take safe isolation, proper seeding, rational close planting, suitable row than, discern and pull out measures such as educated strain in the male sterile line, roguing, to guarantee purity and the output of hybrid.
1, safety is isolated.Ms86-1 sterile line propagation and Yuzhi No.9 hybrid seeding all adopt distance isolation.Safe isolation distance is more than 2 kilometers.In the isolated area of sterile line propagation, must not plant any other sesame variety; Allowing plantation to recover in production of hybrid seeds isolated area is the Danba lattice, but must not plant any other sesame variety.
2, proper seeding.The sowing time of sterile line propagation and hybrid is basic identical with the sowing time of local other sesame.Be advisable with the sowing of late May to early June at the Yellow River and Huai He River, yangtse-huaihe region.Early sowing in good time can obviously improve output, postpones sowing and will have a strong impact on output.Hybrid seeding male sterile line ms86-1 should be that the Danba lattice are sowed 5-7 days in advance than recovering, and can make this flower synchronization of father and mother good.
3, rational close planting.
This prepares Yuzhi No.9 hybrid seeding father and mother by 2: 4 row ratios.Line-spacing 0.4 or 0.5 meter.Seedling phase male parent mu stays about seedling 3,300 strains, and maternal mu stays seedling 13, about 000 strain, to the early flowering season, maternal row need be pulled out the educated strain about 50%, and the total body density of seed farm can remain on 9,000 to 10,000 strain, the female parent of seed farm relies on insect pollination, therefore disposes a hive bee group by 5-10 mu near seed farm, help abundant pollination, improve output.
4, can educate the discriminating and the processing of strain and sterile strain in the male sterile line, nearly half and half educated strain and sterile strain are arranged in the ms86-1 male sterile line.It is externally the same substantially on the form to educate strain and sterile strain, and unique tangible difference is a flower pesticide, and the flower pesticide that can educate strain is white in color, and is very full, has pollinia excessive when blooming; It is green, translucent that the flower pesticide of sterile strain is, WUHUAFEN.Because the male sterility of sterile strain is completely, therefore only need flower of inspection can determine the fertility of its whole strain.During hybrid seeding, when just having entered the early flowering season, sesame carries out the fertility discriminating by strain with regard to the maternal row of reply, in the fertility inspection, pull out all educated strains, in the sterile line propagation field, need do the fertility inspection equally, simultaneously sterile strain is listed and remember, can not educate strain but do not pull out, the work of male sterile line fertility inspection is generally carried out during 6-10 in the morning, sooner or later difference is arranged slightly with the plant blossom in the plot, generally has to finish this work 5-6 morning, one broadcasts full stand, the even seedling of seedling is strong, helps the shortening time, alleviates workload.
5, roguing.When carrying out the fertility inspection, the assorted strain that does not meet parent's characteristic feature proterties, sick and weak strain are taken out, with purity that guarantees the parent and the hybrid seed that makes high-quality.
Two, crossbreed Yuzhi No.9 characteristics:
1, cultivar origin
Henan Sesame Research Centre is the male sterile first generation cross-fertilize seed of Danba lattice preparation with sesame gene male sterile line ms86-1 with recovering, and code name is " 88CA006 ".
2, feature
(1) morphological feature: single pole or few ramiform, the stem stalk is sturdy, and the cross section is square, and the more common sesame of blade is slightly short and small, and middle leaf is incised more shallow, the leaf margin indentation.Stem, leaf fine hair are rare, floral white, axil 3 flowers, big, capsule four ribs of capsule, long 3.0 centimetres of capsule.About 2 meters of plant heights, leg is lower, be generally about 50 centimetres.72 of every capsules, thousand kernel weight 2.80 grams, seed white.
(2) biological property: be about 96 day at yangtse-huaihe region the time of infertility, in ripe, growing way is strong, and is resistant to lodging, anti-stain evil, anti-blight and stem point rot.
(3) oil content: by analysis, the oil content of Yuzhi No.9 is 55.80%, and the check variety Henan sesame under the more identical cultivation condition No. 4 is high 1.24 percentage points.
3, output performance
General per mu yield 80-100 kilogram, the high-yield field can reach more than 150 kilograms.
4, adapt to the area
The sesame producing region is economized in Henan, Anhui, Hubei etc.Shan Nan, Jin Nan, Chuan Dong and on the south the Changjiang river each province can plant.
Three, crossbreed " Yuzhi No.9 " high-yield culture technique
Yuzhi No.9 crossbreed growth potential is strong, and plant is tall and big, and rhizome is sturdy, knot capsule density height, and anti-stain is disease-resistant, and breeding time is longer, cooperates suitable culture technique, gives full play to its advantage, can obtain high yield.Now following culture technique main points are proposed according to experiment in cultivation in the past few years and production practices:
1, the selection in soil and preparation.The neutral soil that selection is easy to arrange, irritate is planted.Must guard against continuous cropping.Use sufficient base fertilizer before broadcasting, look the suitable applied nitrogen of soil fertility, unsuitable too much general mu is executed about 15 kilograms in urea, enriches phosphorus, potash fertilizer, every mu and executes phosphate fertilizer two ammonium 20-25 kilograms, potassium sulphate 10-20 kilogram.
2, early sowing in good time.Yangtse-huaihe region is China sesame main producing region, mostly is summer sowing, and preceding stubble is advisable with rape, barley or precocious wheat, strives at the end of May, sows at the beginning of 6 months, also can adopt the interplanting of wheat ridge, and the first quarter moon sowing is more favourable to high yield before wheat harvest.
3, hold seeding quality, make every effort to accomplish that one broadcasts full stand.Want soil moisture in the soil amount good during sowing,, gather in the crops water of filling in preceding about 10 days, the every mu of amount of broadcasting 0.4-0.5 kilogram at previous crops as arid weather.About 2 centimetres of seed levels.Line-spacing 0.4-0.5 rice.Need light suppression after broadcasting.
4, seedling management.After emerging, sesame in time dredge thinning, final singling before and after 4 pairs of true leaves, spacing 4-5 cun, every mu of final singling 10,000 strains.Intertillage in time helps grass, abolishes native dash board knot.Reserve the drain ditch in conjunction with cultivation and banking in the ranks after the final singling, accomplish behind the rain not ponding of field, meet drought and in time irrigate.
5, diseases and pests controlling.Sesame after planting will spread a poison bait (mixing wheat bran with 600 times of chlorophos liquid) immediately in case underground worm.Insect population should connect before and after emerging and spread 2-3 time for a long time, can spray 2000 times of Rogor controls when the field is found aphid or sesame snout moth's larva are arranged.SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING is sprayed 0.5% carbendazim 1-2 time, helps preventing and treating disease and takes place.
6, gather in the crops in good time.Sesame plant bottom one, two joint capsules can gather in when beginning to ftracture.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of sesame gene male sterile two is the method for heterosis utilization, and it is maternal to it is characterized in that seed selection male sterile line ms86-1 does, and makes crossbreed with Danba lattice kind as male parent.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the suitable row of the production of hybrid seeds than being father and mother this 1: 2 or 2: 4.
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| CN94103410A CN1058600C (en) | 1994-04-06 | 1994-04-06 | Tech. of crossbreeding of two-series sesame |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN94103410A CN1058600C (en) | 1994-04-06 | 1994-04-06 | Tech. of crossbreeding of two-series sesame |
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| CN1132022A true CN1132022A (en) | 1996-10-02 |
| CN1058600C CN1058600C (en) | 2000-11-22 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104285782A (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2015-01-21 | 安徽省农业科学院作物研究所 | Three-line assorted hybrid seed production method for sesame recessive genic male sterility |
| CN104604736A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-05-13 | 河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心 | Sesame photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile line and hybrid seed production method thereof |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1018704B (en) * | 1990-07-16 | 1992-10-21 | 陈绍光 | Two-series crossbreeding technology of barley |
| CN1028471C (en) * | 1990-07-17 | 1995-05-24 | 邓祚荣 | Two system method crossbreeding technology for long-grained nonglutinous rice subspecised |
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1994
- 1994-04-06 CN CN94103410A patent/CN1058600C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104285782A (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2015-01-21 | 安徽省农业科学院作物研究所 | Three-line assorted hybrid seed production method for sesame recessive genic male sterility |
| CN104285782B (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2016-10-05 | 安徽省农业科学院作物研究所 | The supporting cross-breeding method of Semen Sesami recessive nueleus sterility triseries |
| CN104604736A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-05-13 | 河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心 | Sesame photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile line and hybrid seed production method thereof |
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