CN1058600C - Tech. of crossbreeding of two-series sesame - Google Patents
Tech. of crossbreeding of two-series sesame Download PDFInfo
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- CN1058600C CN1058600C CN94103410A CN94103410A CN1058600C CN 1058600 C CN1058600 C CN 1058600C CN 94103410 A CN94103410 A CN 94103410A CN 94103410 A CN94103410 A CN 94103410A CN 1058600 C CN1058600 C CN 1058600C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for the utilization of the heterosis of the genetic male sterile line of sesame. The genetic male sterile line ms86-1 is selected, a female sterile plant and a male fertile plant which account for 50% respectively can be separated in each generation, and a sterile line is propagated by the sib cross between the fertile plant and the sterile plant in the genetic male sterile line. A hybrid species is prepared by using the sterile plants of the sterile line as a female parent and Danbackggae species as a male parent through matched techniques for seed production and high-yield culturing. Prepared hybrid Yuzhi No. 9 has the advantages of strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, high yield, good stability, etc. According to tests, the yield of the hybrid Yuzhi No. 9 per mu is about 80 to 100 kilograms in general, the yield of the hybrid Yuzhi No. 9 per mu in a high-yield field can be over 150 kilograms, and the yield is increased for 20% to 30 than the existing popularized leading variety. Simultaneously, the hybrid Yuzhi No. 9 has the advantages of vigorous growth, disease resistance, waterlogging resistance, lodging resistance, high oil content, etc.
Description
The invention belongs to the heterosis utilization field, specifically it is a kind of sesame cross-breeding method.
Sesame is the high-quality oil plant of generally acknowledging, but because of yield per unit area is lower, develops slower.Nearly recent decades, some scientific worker is in the hybrid vigour of exploratory development sesame and the possibility of utilization thereof both at home and abroad.Indian pa1 in 1945 takes the lead in having reported sesame and has hybrid vigour, and over nearly two, 30 years, the heterotic existence of sesame further is that domestic and international scientific and technical personnel's research institute confirms.But, how on producing, to use this advantage, there is not the report of success so far.
About the research of sesame male sterile line, domestic still do not have a report, external then be in exploratory stage at initial stage.Malaguti and Mazzani (1958) once were reported in the Venezuela52 kind and find to bloom in part plant top and do not tie the phenomenon of capsule, and what think this phenomenon is because due to the h and E factor.Dabral and Mandloi (1974) are at the F of PTS12-24 * 129 combinations
3In found once that outgrowth is not tied capsule in early days and the normal partial sterility plant of later stage knot capsule.Osman (1981) studies with 143 segregation populations, thinks that the male sterility of these materials is subjected to single recessive gene control.To 11 male sterile * male fertile F
1Hybrid and its parent compare, F
1Single plant yield of hybrid and oil content all are higher than it can educate the parent.Osman and Yermanos (1982) have reported and rediscovered the male sterile plants that produces no vitality pollen grain from Venezuela's germ plasm resources.With these plant and 9 male-fertile inter breed crossings, at F
2Produce some male sterile plants in the segregation population.Male sterile plant with can educate strain hybridization, F
1It is normal that generation is tied capsule, illustrate that the female fertility of sterile strain is normal, and male-fertile is dominance to male sterile.Paper has also been reported the mechanism of pollen grain abortion, has proposed male sterile and has tied up to the possibility of utilizing on the hybrid vigour.Brar (1982) reported 3 male sterile line: 57-1,143-4 and 546-4, but these 3 tie up to field performance male sterile, female fertility extreme difference; And male and female fertility is all fine in the greenhouse.Rangaswamy and Rathiuan (1982) handle two kinds with sub-ray and ethylmethanesulphonate, find to have male sterile plants in M2.Over nearly 10 years, external progress in this respect is little, from practical application very big distance is arranged still.Relevant sesame cross-breeding technology research both at home and abroad at present is few, and relevant technology report is very few, and domestic only have the applicant in this technical field of research.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of producing method for seed that improves sesame crossbreed output.
Below narrate main contents of the present invention:
A kind of sesame cross-breeding method, it is characterized in that doing maternal with male sterile line ms86-1, do male parent with Danba lattice kind, safe isolation distance is more than 2 kilometers, father and mother's one's own profession ratio is 1: 2-4, female parent shifts to an earlier date sowing in 5-7 days than male parent Danba lattice, pulls out assorted pearl and the sick and weak strain that ms86-1 can educate strain and not meet parent typical case proterties in the early flowering season.
The present invention compares than prior art has following typical advantages:
1. hybrid seed yield height.Compare than prior art with this method production of hybrid seeds and can improve hybrid seed yield 50%.
2. hybrid yield height of the present invention, crossbreed 1989-1991 of the present invention participate in national sesame crossbreed regional combination test, and annual output all ranks first.Compare with check variety (Henan sesame 4) for 3 years 24 times, except that 1 is shown no increases in output, time all volume increase of all the other each points.74.77 kilograms of average yield per mus on average increase production 29.52%, and every mu has a net increase of 17 kilograms.Participate in Henan Province sesame crossbreed in 1991 and produce demonstration, totally 5 points, 87.32 kilograms of average yield per mus, comparison is according to No. 4 average volume increase 22.23% of Henan sesame, and every mu has a net increase of 15.9 kilograms.Participate in national sesame crossbreed in 1992 and produce demonstration, totally 7 points, 93.3 kilograms of average yield per mus, comparison is according to No. 4 average volume increase 23.7% of Henan sesame, and every mu has a net increase of 17.9 kilograms.1991 at Shangqiu, Henan and Fuping, Shaanxi demonstration plant, has obtained per mu yield 140.3 and 108.5 kilograms respectively, and than No. 4 volume increase 21.3% and 40.9% of the Henan sesame under the equal conditions, every mu has a net increase of 29.9 and 44.4 kilograms.Carry out high-yield culturing test at Xuchang basic point the same year, and crossbreed of the present invention once reached the high yield record of 229.6 kilograms of per mu yields.
3. hybrid strong stress resistance of the present invention: in Zhengzhou the Henan sesame was carried out the fusarium wilt artificial inoculation for No. 4 and identify in 1990 and 1991, its phase enantiopathy index (RI) is respectively-1.17 and-2.91, belong to high anti-type, the sick garden evaluation through Institute of Plant Protection, academy of agricultural sciences, Henan Province in 1991, the RI of hybrid of the present invention is-087, belong to disease-resistant type, the RI that the Henan sesame is No. 4 is-0.34, belongs to low anti-type, according to national regional combination pilot survey in 3 years, the average diseased plant rate of hybrid of the present invention is 8.85%, be lower than other kind, hybrid stem stalk of the present invention is sturdy, resistant to lodging, up to more than 220 centimetres, the lodging phenomenon took place never the bumper harvest field plant.
Because growth potential and the resistance against disadvantage of hybrid of the present invention are strong, thereby accommodation is wider, under different weathers and rich water quality management condition, can both obtain the output higher than conventional variety.As nineteen ninety in the Nanchong Prefecture, Sichuan, though postpone because of date of seeding, overcast and rainy many, sunshine deficiency situation under, still have outstanding performance, 91.2 kilograms of per mu yields, comparison is according to kind volume increase 22.48%.Meeting under the arid situation in Xiangyang, Hebei in 1991, per mu yield still reaches 103 kilograms, and comparison is according to volume increase 35%.
Be described in detail the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment:
1, male sterile line ms86-1:ms86-1 of the present invention is with original male sterile germplasm, through population improvement, selects on the basis of outstanding variant system, cultivates through the sterile gene transformation to form again.Its principal character characteristic is:
(1) morphological feature: plant single pole or few branch, the high 180-200 of stem centimetre, the cross section is square, green.The more common sesame of blade is short, little, and middle leaf is incised more shallow, the leaf margin indentation, and the leaf look darker.Axil 3 flowers, flower is bigger, white.Can educate strain in the male sterile line colony and sterile strain respectively accounts for about 50%.The flower pesticide that can educate the strain flower is full, and white has pollinia excessive when blooming; The flower pesticide of sterile strain flower is more thin and weak, green WUHUAFEN, and the male sterility of sterile strain is complete, and female fertility is normal, can be normally solid after accepting foreign pollen.Capsule 4 ribs, long about 3 centimetres.Every capsule is set seeds about 80, seed white, thousand kernel weight 3.0 grams.
(2) biological property: late miscellany type in the genus is about 100 days in yangtse-huaihe region time of infertility.Resistant to lodging, anti-stain evil, more anti-stem point rot and fusarium wilt.
(3) output performance: the sterile line propagation field is by sterile strain and can educate that brother and sister hand over pollination between strain, and every mu can be produced male-sterile seed 25-30 kilogram.Can educate strain seed that self-pollination is tied can not reserve seed for planting.
(4) adapt to the area: based on the Yangze river and Huai river basin, Shan Nan, area, east, river also can be bred or the preparing hybrid kind.
2, male parent of the present invention Danba lattice: introduced from Korea S in 1984,1985-1988 identifies and coordinate force is identified through adaptability, resistance and yielding ability, and through the breeding of purifying.Its principal character characteristic is:
(1) morphological feature: the single stalk type of plant, stem is high about 60 centimetres, and the cross section is square, green.Blade is less, and middle leaf is incised more shallow, the leaf margin indentation, and the leaf look darker.Axil 3 flowers, corolla white.Beginning capsule position is low, generally promptly begins to blossom at the 4th pair of axil, and capsule 4 ribs, long 2.7 centimetres, every capsule is set seeds about 70, thousand kernel weight 2.8 grams, grain white.
(2) biological property: belong to miscellany type early, about the 85 days time of infertility, resistant to lodging at yangtse-huaihe region, anti-stain evil, the withered and fusarium wilt of anti-stem point.
(3) output performance: general per mu yield 60-70 kilogram.
(4) adapt to the area: the Yellow River and Huai He River and to the north of the area.
3, cross-breeding technology of the present invention
One of parent of the present invention male sterile line ms86-1 is that a growing way is vigorous, and plant type is tall and big, the strain that the comprehensive agronomy proterties is good; Recovery is that the Danba lattice have advantage such as bloom early, internode is short, adaptability is strong, breeding time is short and coordinate force is strong, so the production of hybrid seeds can obtain high yield, but general per mu yield crossbreed more than 25 kilograms, under summer sowing morning condition, per mu yield can reach more than 35 kilograms.Male sterile line ms86-1 relies on sterile strain in the system to hand over and breed with educating brother and sister between strain, but generally per mu yield more than 20 kilograms.
Seeding technique of the present invention mainly be take safe isolation, proper seeding, rational close planting, suitable row than, discern and pull out educated strain in the male sterile line, go bud measure such as rogue, to guarantee purity and the output of hybrid.
(1) safety is isolated.Safe isolation distance is more than 2 kilometers.In the isolated area of sterile line propagation, must not plant any other sesame variety; Allowing plantation to recover in production of hybrid seeds isolated area is the Danba lattice, but must not plant any other sesame variety.
(2) proper seeding.The sowing time of sterile line propagation and hybrid is basic identical with local other sesame sowing time.Suit with the sowing of late May to early June at the Yellow River and Huai He River, yangtse-huaihe region.Early sowing in good time can obviously improve output, postpones sowing and will have a strong impact on output.Crossbreed male sterile line ms86-1 should be that the Danba lattice were sowed 5-7 days in the past than recovering, and can make this flower synchronization of father and mother good.
(3) rational close planting.This prepares hybrid seeding father and mother of the present invention by 2: 4 row ratios.Line-spacing 0.4 or 0.5 meter.Seedling phase male parent mu stays about seedling 3300 strains, maternal mu stays about seedling 13000 strains, to the early flowering season, maternal row need be pulled out the educated strain about 50%, the total body density of seed farm can remain on 9000 to 10000 strains, and the female parent of seed farm relies on insect pollination, therefore disposes a hive bee group by 5-10 mu near seed farm, help abundant pollination, improve output.
(4) can educate the discriminating and the processing of strain and sterile strain in the male sterile line: nearly half and half educated strain and sterile strain are arranged in the ms86-1 male sterile line.It is externally the same substantially on the form to educate strain and sterile strain, and unique tangible difference is a flower pesticide, and the flower pesticide that can educate strain is white in color, and is very full, has pollinia excessive when blooming; It is green, translucent that the flower pesticide of sterile strain is, WUHUAFEN.Because the male sterility of sterile strain is completely, therefore only need flower of inspection can determine the fertility of its whole strain.During hybrid seeding, carry out the fertility discriminating with regard to the maternal row of reply by strain, in the fertility inspection, pull out all educated strains when sesame has just entered the early flowering season; When sterile line propagation, need do the fertility inspection equally, simultaneously sterile strain is listed and remember, can not educate strain but do not pull out, the work of male sterile line fertility inspection is generally carried out during 6-10 in the morning, with the plant blossom in the plot difference is arranged slightly sooner or later, generally can finish this work in 5-6 the morning, one broadcasts full stand, and the even seedling of seedling is strong, help the shortening time, alleviate workload.
(5) roguing.When carrying out the fertility inspection, the assorted strain that does not meet parent's characteristic feature proterties, sick and weak strain are taken out, with purity that guarantees the parent and the hybrid seed that makes high-quality.
4, the characteristics of crossbreed of the present invention: crossbreed of the present invention is with male sterile line ms86-1 and recovers to be the male sterile first generation cross-fertilize seed of Danba lattice preparation.Its feature is:
1, morphological feature: single pole or few ramiform, the stem stalk is sturdy, and the cross section is square, and the more common sesame of blade is slightly short and small, and the middle leaf piece is carved more shallow, the leaf margin indentation.Stem, leaf fine hair are rare, floral white, axil 3 flowers, big, capsule four ribs of capsule, long 3.0 centimetres of capsule.About 2 meters of plant heights, leg is lower, be generally about 50 centimetres.72 of every capsules, thousand kernel weight 2.80 grams, seed white.
(2) biological property: be about 96 day at yangtse-huaihe region the time of infertility, in ripe, growing way is strong, and is resistant to lodging, anti-stain evil, anti-blight and stem point rot.The oil content of crossbreed of the present invention is 55.80% by analysis, and the check variety Henan sesame under the more identical cultivation condition No. 4 is high 1.24 percentage points.
(3) output performance and adaptation area: general per mu yield 80-100 kilogram, the high-yield field can reach more than 150 kilograms.The sesame producing region is economized in Henan, Anhui, Hubei etc.Shan Nan, Jin Nan, Chuan Dong and on the south the Changjiang river each province can plant.
5, the high-yield culture technique of crossbreed of the present invention: crossbreed growth potential of the present invention is strong, and plant is tall and big, and rhizome is sturdy, knot capsule density height, and anti-stain is disease-resistant, and breeding time is longer, cooperates suitable culture technique, gives full play to its advantage, can obtain high yield.Now following culture technique main points are proposed according to experiment in cultivation in the past few years and production practices:
(1) selection in soil and preparation.The neutral soil that selection is easy to arrange, irritate is planted.Must guard against continuous cropping.Use sufficient base fertilizer before broadcasting, look the suitable applied nitrogen of soil fertility, too much unsuitable, general mu is executed about 15 kilograms in urea, enriches phosphorus, potash fertilizer, executes diammonium phosphate 20-25 kilogram for every mu, potassium sulphate 10-20 kilogram.
(2) early sowing in good time.Yangtse-huaihe region is China sesame main producing region, mostly is summer sowing, and preceding stubble is advisable with rape, barley or precocious wheat, strives at the end of May, sows at the beginning of 6 months, also can adopt the interplanting of wheat ridge, and the first quarter moon sowing is more favourable to high yield before wheat harvest.
(3) hold seeding quality, make every effort to accomplish that one broadcasts full stand.Want soil moisture in the soil amount good during sowing,, gather in the crops water of filling in preceding about 10 days, the every mu of amount of broadcasting 0.4-0.5 kilogram at previous crops as arid weather.About 2 centimetres of seed levels.Line-spacing 0.4-0.5 rice.Need light suppression after broadcasting.
(4) seedling management.After emerging, sesame in time dredge thinning, final singling before and after 4 pairs of true leaves, spacing 4-5 cun, every mu of final singling 10,000 strains.Intertillage in time helps grass, abolishes native dash board knot.Reserve the drain ditch in conjunction with cultivation and banking in the ranks after the final singling, accomplish behind the rain not ponding of field, meet drought and in time irrigate.
(5) diseases and pests controlling.Sesame after planting will spread a poison bait (mixing wheat bran with 600 times of chlorophos liquid) immediately in case underground worm.Insect population should connect before and after emerging and spread 2-3 time for a long time, can spray 2000 times of Rogor controls when the field is found aphid or sesame snout moth's larva are arranged.SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING is sprayed 0.5% carbendazim 1-2 time, helps preventing and treating disease and takes place.
(6) gather in the crops in good time.Sesame plant bottom one, two joint capsules can gather in when beginning to ftracture.
Claims (1)
1. sesame cross-breeding method, it is characterized in that doing maternal with male sterile line ms86-1, do male parent with Danba lattice kind, safe isolation distance is more than 2 kilometers, father and mother's one's own profession ratio is 1: 2-4, female parent shifts to an earlier date sowing in 5-7 days than male parent Danba lattice, pulls out assorted pearl and the sick and weak strain that ms86-1 can educate strain and not meet parent typical case proterties in the early flowering season.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94103410A CN1058600C (en) | 1994-04-06 | 1994-04-06 | Tech. of crossbreeding of two-series sesame |
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| CN94103410A CN1058600C (en) | 1994-04-06 | 1994-04-06 | Tech. of crossbreeding of two-series sesame |
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| CN1132022A CN1132022A (en) | 1996-10-02 |
| CN1058600C true CN1058600C (en) | 2000-11-22 |
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| CN94103410A Expired - Fee Related CN1058600C (en) | 1994-04-06 | 1994-04-06 | Tech. of crossbreeding of two-series sesame |
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| CN104285782B (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2016-10-05 | 安徽省农业科学院作物研究所 | The supporting cross-breeding method of Semen Sesami recessive nueleus sterility triseries |
| CN104604736B (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2016-04-27 | 河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心 | A kind of sesame photaesthesia genic male sterile line and cross-breeding method thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1047783A (en) * | 1990-07-16 | 1990-12-19 | 陈绍光 | Two-series crossbreeding technology of barley |
| CN1058129A (en) * | 1990-07-17 | 1992-01-29 | 邓祚荣 | Two system method crossbreeding technology for long-grained nonglutinous rice subspecised |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1047783A (en) * | 1990-07-16 | 1990-12-19 | 陈绍光 | Two-series crossbreeding technology of barley |
| CN1058129A (en) * | 1990-07-17 | 1992-01-29 | 邓祚荣 | Two system method crossbreeding technology for long-grained nonglutinous rice subspecised |
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| CN1132022A (en) | 1996-10-02 |
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