CN113179781A - Orange branch light-resistant grafting method - Google Patents
Orange branch light-resistant grafting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113179781A CN113179781A CN202110610544.XA CN202110610544A CN113179781A CN 113179781 A CN113179781 A CN 113179781A CN 202110610544 A CN202110610544 A CN 202110610544A CN 113179781 A CN113179781 A CN 113179781A
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- grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/38—Holding; Ligating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a light-resistant grafting method for branches and trunks of citrus, which belongs to the technical field of fruit tree grafting and mainly comprises the following steps: step 1: selecting stock and scion varieties; step 2: carrying out stock treatment and branch light-proof treatment on the stocks selected in the step 1; and step 3: carrying out scion treatment on the scion selected in the step 1; and 4, step 4: and (3) carrying out grafting operation on the scion treated in the step (3) and the stock treated in the step (2). The invention carries out light-shielding treatment by wrapping the shading telescopic tube, inhibits the germination and growth of lateral buds, reduces the nutrition competition between the lateral buds at the bottom and the scion, and improves the survival rate; lateral buds are inhibited, manual bud picking is not needed in the later period, the risk of accidental injury of bud picking is avoided, the labor cost is saved, and the problems of accidental injury and low survival rate caused by bud picking after the conventional orange grafting are solved; the grafting opening is high, the grafting opening is not easy to rot, mildew and infect plant diseases and insect pests, the growth vigor of the oranges is better, the yield of the oranges is improved, and the economic benefit is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree grafting, in particular to a light-resistant grafting method for citrus branches.
Background
The citrus has a plurality of hidden buds (latent buds), branches or leaves or thorns can grow in a proper environment, after the prior art is grafted, the top advantages are broken, the hidden buds on the rootstock germinate, a large number of branches, thorns and leaves are grown, the growth vigor is vigorous, and the citrus often competes for nutrition with the grafted buds. In the growth management process after grafting, in order to ensure that the grafted bud survives, the bud or branch germinated on the rootstock needs to be removed to promote the germination and growth of the grafted bud. In the bud picking process, operators are easily stabbed by the rootstocks, grafted buds are easily accidentally injured in the repeated bud picking process, according to statistics, the bud picking accidental injury rate reaches 3.2%, inconvenience is brought to personal safety and production management, and the grafting achievement rate is not high.
At present, in order to solve the problems, the traditional method is to shorten the stock as much as possible and reduce the grafting position so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the management cost in the later stage of grafting, but also brings some problems, such as too low grafting opening, the grafting opening is often buried in the ground during planting, the grafting opening is rotten and moldy, the risk of pest infection is increased, the transmission efficiency of nutrient substances is reduced, and oranges become old trees and even plant death. In conclusion, under the existing orange grafting technology, the survival of the grafted bud can be ensured only by picking the bud at the later stage for at least 2-3 times, and the grafted bud is accidentally damaged, so that the production and management cost is increased, and the grafting survival rate is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention aims to provide a light-resistant grafting method for citrus branches and trunks, which can effectively solve the problems of easy injury, high production and management cost and low grafting survival rate in the manual bud picking process in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a light-resistant grafting method for branches and trunks of citrus, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting stock and scion varieties;
step 2: carrying out stock treatment and branch light-proof treatment on the stocks selected in the step 1;
and step 3: carrying out scion treatment on the scion selected in the step 1;
and 4, step 4: and (3) carrying out grafting operation on the scion treated in the step (3) and the stock treated in the step (2).
Further, the standard for selecting the rootstock in the step 1 is as follows: the main trunk of the stock is upright, the diameter of the base of the stock is more than or equal to 0.5cm, and the height of the stock is more than or equal to 30 cm.
Further, the specific process of rootstock treatment in step 2 is as follows:
step 2.1: pruning to remove lateral branches, leaves and thorns on the rootstock, and carrying out short-tip treatment on the rootstock from a position 20-35 cm away from the ground;
step 2.2: selecting a grafting surface on the rootstock obtained in the step 2.1, and then obliquely cutting off a trunk at the top end of the tree at the grafting surface to enable the top end plane to incline towards the back surface of the grafting; and then, cutting upwards at an angle of 60-70 degrees at the top end of the grafting surface by using a grafting cutter at the position of 0.1-0.4 cm, cutting a smooth cutting port downwards from the top of the grafting surface by using the grafting cutter, wherein the depth of the cutting port reaches the xylem, and cutting downwards at the position 0.3-0.7 cm away from the bottom of the cutting port.
Further, the criteria for selecting the grafted surface in step 2.2 are: the surface is smooth, and the height of the grafted surface is 1.5 cm-2 cm.
Further, the height of the cut interface in the step 2.2 is 1.5 cm-2 cm.
Further, the specific process of the light-shielding treatment of the branches in the step 2 is as follows: sleeving the rootstock treated by the rootstock with a shading telescopic tube; wherein the diameter of the shading telescopic tube is 0.3-0.5cm larger than that of the stock, and the length of the shading telescopic tube is the distance between the graft mouth and the ground at the position of-1 to-3 cm.
Further, the shading telescopic pipe can be a black plastic telescopic pipe.
Further, the specific process of scion treatment in step 3 is as follows:
step 3.1: selecting a flat surface with the length of 1.5-2cm on the scion, cutting a 45-degree inclined plane at the lower part of the back surface by using a grafting cutter, wherein the inclined plane is intersected with the bottom of the flat surface;
step 3.2: and (3) cutting off the grafting plane on the scion obtained in the step (3.1) by using a grafting cutter, wherein the depth is up to the xylem, 1-2 buds are left above the grafting plane, and then, the scion is cut at a position 0.5cm above the buds.
Further, the grafting operation in step 4 specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) fitting the scion processed in the step (3) with the cut of the stock processed in the step (2), aligning cambium layers of the stock and the scion, tightly wrapping the cambium layers with a film, and stretching the shading telescopic tube to cover all trunks on the lower part of the grafting opening.
Further, the light-resistant grafting method for the branches and the trunks of the oranges further comprises late watering and fertilization management.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a light-proof grafting method for citrus branches, which is characterized in that the citrus branches are wrapped by a light-proof telescopic pipe to inhibit the germination and growth of lateral buds, reduce the nutrition competition between the lateral buds at the bottom and scions, and improve the survival rate; lateral buds are inhibited, manual bud picking is not needed in the later period, the risk of accidental injury of bud picking is avoided, the labor cost is saved, and the problems of accidental injury and low survival rate caused by bud picking after the conventional orange grafting are solved;
2. compared with the traditional grafting method, the method for grafting has the advantages that the grafting opening is higher, the grafting opening is not easy to rot, mildew, infect diseases and insect pests, the growth vigor of the oranges is better, the yield of the oranges is improved, and the economic benefit is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the grafted branches of citrus trees in dark place.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a lightproof grafting method of citrus branches and trunks, in particular to a method for grafting spring citrus seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
selecting the rootstock: selecting a rootstock of a variety of 'leaflet soft branch orange', wherein the diameter of the rootstock at a position 2cm away from the ground (the rootstock base) is 0.5-0.8 cm, the rootstock trunk is upright, and the height of the rootstock is 30-40 cm;
treating the rootstock: cutting off lateral branches, leaves and thorns on the rootstock by using a pruning shear, and carrying out short-tip treatment at a position of 30cm away from the rootstock; then, the flat position on the stock is used as a grafting surface, the height of the grafting surface is 1.5-2cm, the redundant trunk at the top end is obliquely cut off, so that the plane at the top end is inclined to the back surface of the grafting, and drainage is facilitated; cutting a 60-70-degree upward cut at a position 0.3cm from the top of the grafting surface, cutting a smooth cut port 1.5-2cm from the top to the bottom of the xylem by using the grafting knife on the smooth surface, and cutting the xylem downward at a distance of about 0.5cm from the bottom of the cut;
and (3) keeping the branches away from light: selecting a black plastic extension tube with the diameter of 0.8-1.3 cm according to the diameter of the selected stock; determining the length of the black plastic telescopic pipe according to the position of the grafting opening, wherein the length of the black plastic telescopic pipe is-2 cm higher than the ground of the grafting opening, and sleeving the black plastic telescopic pipe on the stock;
scion treatment: preparing scions of the variety named 'spring meet', wherein the scions are autumn tips aged in the last year; selecting a flat surface with the length of 1.5-2cm on the scion, and cutting a 45-degree inclined plane on the lower part of the back surface by using a grafting knife, wherein the inclined plane is intersected with the bottom of the flat surface; then cutting off the grafting plane by using a grafting knife until the depth reaches the xylem; 1-2 buds are reserved above the grafting surface and cut off at a position 0.5cm above the buds;
and (3) grafting and enveloping: the processed scion is matched with the cut of the stock, is aligned with the cambium of the stock and the scion, is tightly wrapped by a plastic film to ensure that the cut is tightly connected, simultaneously, the scion and the cut at the top of the stock are sealed by the film to prevent the stock and the scion from losing water, and a black plastic extension tube is stretched to cover all trunks at the lower part of the grafting opening;
and (4) post management: the orange seedlings grafted by the method need to be watered in time after grafting in the later period, and the soil humidity needs to be kept more than 60 percent and lasts for more than 1 week; after 20 days, the graft openings are healed, 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 25 percent of pymetrozine 1000-time liquid and 24 percent of spirodiclofen 6000-time liquid can be sprayed, and foliar fertilizer and disease and pest control are applied; the soil humidity in the later period is kept above 40%, and the water-soluble fertilizer can be applied in combination with irrigation, and the fertilizer is applied once in about half a month; in the later-stage management, only 7% of citrus seedlings need to be subjected to bud picking for 1 time, and after 6 months of grafting or when transplanting, the black plastic extension tubes are cut by a craft knife.
The spring citrus seedling is grafted by a traditional method. The links of stock selection, scion treatment and grafting coating are consistent with the invention, the stock treatment is different, and the link of keeping branches away from light is lacked; the stock treatment of the traditional method is directly cut off at a position 3-5cm away from the foundation soil, or the short tip treatment is carried out at a position 30cm away from the stock, and the treatment of the grafting opening is consistent with the invention.
Compared with the traditional grafting technology, the 'spring-seen' citrus seedling grafted by the embodiment reduces the later period management cost for 2 times, avoids the injury of the rootstock thorn to the human body, increases the grafting survival rate from 86.3 percent (traditional grafting technology) to 93.7 percent, and obviously improves the comprehensive grafting benefit.
Example 2
The present example provides a light-resistant grafting method for citrus branches, which is different from example 1 only in that: in particular to a method for grafting a 'pretty girl' orange seedling, and the rest steps and parameters are the same.
Compared with the traditional grafting technology, the 'spring-seen' citrus seedling grafted by the embodiment reduces the later period management cost for 2 times, avoids the damage of the rootstock stabs to the human body, increases the grafting survival rate from 85.6% (the traditional grafting technology) to 94.5%, and obviously improves the comprehensive grafting benefit.
Example 3
The present example provides a light-resistant grafting method for citrus branches, which is different from example 1 only in that: in particular to a method for grafting the Ganping orange seedling, and the other steps and parameters are the same.
Compared with the traditional grafting technology, the 'spring-seen' citrus seedlings grafted by the embodiment reduces the later period management cost for 2 times, avoids the damage of the rootstock thorns to the human body, increases the grafting survival rate from 85.1% (the traditional grafting technology) to 94.9%, and obviously improves the comprehensive grafting benefit.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present invention and it is within the purview of one skilled in the art to modify or supplement the embodiments described or to substitute similar ones without the exercise of inventive faculty, and still fall within the scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A light-resistant grafting method for citrus branches is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: selecting stock and scion varieties;
step 2: carrying out stock treatment and branch light-proof treatment on the stocks selected in the step 1;
and step 3: carrying out scion treatment on the scion selected in the step 1;
and 4, step 4: and (3) carrying out grafting operation on the scion treated in the step (3) and the stock treated in the step (2).
2. The light-resistant grafting method for the citrus branches according to claim 1, wherein the criteria for selecting the rootstocks in the step 1 are as follows: the main trunk of the stock is upright, the diameter of the base of the stock is more than or equal to 0.5cm, and the height of the stock is more than or equal to 30 cm.
3. The light-resistant grafting method for the citrus branches according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of rootstock treatment in the step 2 is as follows:
step 2.1: pruning to remove lateral branches, leaves and thorns on the rootstock, and carrying out short-tip treatment on the rootstock from a position 20-35 cm away from the ground;
step 2.2: selecting a grafting surface on the rootstock obtained in the step 2.1, and then obliquely cutting off a trunk at the top end of the tree at the grafting surface to enable the top end plane to incline towards the back surface of the grafting; and then, cutting upwards at an angle of 60-70 degrees at the top end of the grafting surface by using a grafting cutter at the position of 0.1-0.4 cm, cutting a smooth cutting port downwards from the top of the grafting surface by using the grafting cutter, wherein the depth of the cutting port reaches the xylem, and cutting downwards at the position 0.3-0.7 cm away from the bottom of the cutting port.
4. The light-resistant grafting method for the citrus branches and trunks in the step 2 is characterized in that the specific process of the light-resistant treatment of the branches and trunks in the step 2 is as follows: sleeving the rootstock treated by the rootstock with a shading telescopic tube; wherein the diameter of the shading telescopic tube is 0.3-0.5cm larger than that of the stock, and the length of the shading telescopic tube is the distance between the graft mouth and the ground at the position of-1 to-3 cm.
5. The light-resistant grafting method for the citrus branches according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of scion treatment in the step 3 is as follows:
step 3.1: selecting a flat surface with the length of 1.5-2cm on the scion, cutting a 45-degree inclined plane at the lower part of the back surface by using a grafting cutter, wherein the inclined plane is intersected with the bottom of the flat surface;
step 3.2: and (3) cutting off the grafting plane on the scion obtained in the step (3.1) by using a grafting cutter, wherein the depth is up to the xylem, 1-2 buds are left above the grafting plane, and then, the scion is cut at a position 0.5cm above the buds.
6. The light-resistant grafting method for the citrus branches according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of the grafting operation in the step 4 is as follows: and (3) fitting the scion processed in the step (3) with the cut of the stock processed in the step (2), aligning cambium layers of the stock and the scion, tightly wrapping the cambium layers with a film, and stretching the shading telescopic tube to cover all trunks on the lower part of the grafting opening.
7. The light-resistant grafting method for the citrus branches according to claim 1, further comprising watering and fertilizing management at a later stage.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110610544.XA CN113179781A (en) | 2021-06-01 | 2021-06-01 | Orange branch light-resistant grafting method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110610544.XA CN113179781A (en) | 2021-06-01 | 2021-06-01 | Orange branch light-resistant grafting method |
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| CN113179781A true CN113179781A (en) | 2021-07-30 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106718100A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-31 | 广西北海浩邦新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of Grafted Citrus method |
| CN108522053A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-09-14 | 重庆市永川区余潘果树种植专业合作社 | A kind of Grafted Citrus method |
| CN108684352A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-10-23 | 阳洪桂 | A kind of engrafting method of fertile mandarin orange |
| CN109197205A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-01-15 | 谢裕大茶叶股份有限公司 | The engrafting method of tea tree |
| CN112005745A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-01 | 重庆迎河巳甄茶叶有限公司 | Tea tree variety grafting method capable of effectively improving survival rate |
-
2021
- 2021-06-01 CN CN202110610544.XA patent/CN113179781A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106718100A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-31 | 广西北海浩邦新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of Grafted Citrus method |
| CN108684352A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-10-23 | 阳洪桂 | A kind of engrafting method of fertile mandarin orange |
| CN108522053A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-09-14 | 重庆市永川区余潘果树种植专业合作社 | A kind of Grafted Citrus method |
| CN109197205A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-01-15 | 谢裕大茶叶股份有限公司 | The engrafting method of tea tree |
| CN112005745A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-12-01 | 重庆迎河巳甄茶叶有限公司 | Tea tree variety grafting method capable of effectively improving survival rate |
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