CN113152076A - 一种对液体渍低可视化的面料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种对液体渍低可视化的面料。该面料中的纤维表面至少附着一层含有无机粒子的树脂层，与无液体渍沾污状态相比，有液体渍沾污状态的变色度为3级以上。本发明的面料对液体渍具有低可视性，可广泛用于衬衫、外套、风衣、羽绒服、运动T恤、登山服等。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纺织品领域，涉及一种面料，具体涉及一种对液体渍具有极为优越的低可视化效果的面料。
背景技术
服装在穿着过程中不可避免的会沾染上一些液体渍，与未沾染液体渍的地方相比，颜色变深，穿着美观性受到极大影响。比如雨天衣服被淋湿后，会出现水斑；夏季衣服吸汗后会出现汗渍斑等等，与未沾染液体污渍的地方形成明显的色差，影响美观，使人尴尬。为此，人们一般会考虑通过防水防油整理以实现液体不易沾污润湿衣服的目的。如日本专利文献特开2011−226001中公开了一种汗渍防止面料，面料的一面附着有防水剂，另一面为凹凸结构，具有优异的防汗渍效果，降低了发粘感，但并没有对油性液体渍低可视化提出相关解决方案。
服装沾染液体渍后颜色变深，主要是因为当一束光从一种介质（如空气）投射到另外一种介质材料的时候，光在这两种介质的分界面上发生了反射和折射现象。在纺织品领域，人们对纱线或织物的光的反射和折射也做了很多研究。如专利文献CN102534861B中公开了高光学遮蔽性并列复合弹性纤维，通过在纺丝过程中添加TiO2，使织物具有高防透性能。但是，在纺丝过程中添加TiO2，会影响到纱线的强力，增加纺丝难度。又如专利文献CN105839395B中公开了一种防透视浅色全棉高支色织面料的制造方法，通过浸轧-焙烘-热轧光的工艺将含有纳米二氧化钛和珍珠粉的防透视整理液附着在面料表面，从而具有防透视效果，但是由于其所使用的防透视整理液采用溶胶-凝胶技术配置而成，加工液不稳定，易发生沉淀，实际生产性不佳。另外，这些文献中均没有提及对液体渍低可视化的解决方案。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种加工工艺简单，具有极为优越的舒适性，而且对油性、水性等液体渍具有极佳的低可视效果的面料。
本发明的技术解决方案是：
形成本发明面料的纤维表面上至少附着有含有无机粒子的树脂层；当该面料沾染液体渍时，与无液体渍沾污状态相比，有液体渍沾污状态的变色度为3级以上。
本发明的面料，利用纤维表面附着的树脂层中无机粒子，提高面料表面对光的反射率，这样进入人眼的光变多，面料颜色相对变浅，有液体渍沾污状态与日常状态之间也不会出现太大的色差，对液体渍具有优越的低可视化效果。
具体实施方式
本发明的对液体渍低可视化的面料，形成该面料的纤维表面上至少附着有含有无机粒子的树脂层；当该面料沾染液体渍时，与无液体渍沾污状态相比，有液体渍沾污状态的变色度（目视法）为3级以上。
这里的液体渍沾污状态是指试样放置在标准大气压调湿平衡24小时后，再在其表面滴0.2ml的液体，液体扩散至被面料完全吸收时（无明显液状水滴、即没有镜面反射时）的状态。
这里无液体渍沾污状态是指试样放置在标准大气压调湿平衡24小时后的状态。
一般来说，面料被液体渍（油、水等）湿润沾染后，沾染区域的液体层发生折射现象，使得沾污区域上反射到人眼中的光线减少，面料颜色变深。本发明通过纤维表面附着的无机粒子所具备的较高的反射率，提高了面料表面对光的反射率，这样进入人眼的光线变多，面料颜色相对变浅，使得有液体渍沾污状态与日常状态（未沾污状态）之间不会出现太大的色差，对液体渍具有优越的低可视化效果。
本发明中，前述无机粒子的种类没有特别限定，可以是如二氧化钛（TiO2）、三氧化二铝、硫化锌、氧化锆、镉红、氧化钙等中的一种或几种，可根据需要进行选择。
作为优选，相对于本发明面料的总重量，无机粒子的含量为5～15重量%。无机粒子含量如果低于5重量%的话，无机粒子在纤维表面附着不均一，无机粒子对光的反射也就不均一，使得整个布面的反射率减弱，对液体渍的低可视化效果有减弱的趋势。而无机粒子含量如果大于15重量%的话，成本提高，但对液体渍的低可视化效果并没有明显的提高，而且手感有变差的趋势。
常见纤维的折射率在1.4～1.8之间，当无机粒子的折射率低于纤维折射率时，有可能会影响到对入射光的反射、散射效果，液体渍低可视化效果有下降的趋势。当无机粒子的折射率高于纤维折射率时，随着无机粒子的折射率的提高，对光的反射、散射效果也随之提高。因此本发明中优选无机粒子的折射率大于1.80。考虑到不影响织物的发色性，进一步优选为折射率在1.90以上的白色粒子。
众所周知，可见光的波长范围为380～780nm。当无机粒子的尺寸与可见光波长相近时，反射、散射效果达到最强，进入人眼的光最多，低可视效果越好。因此，为了进一步提高面料对入射光的散射效果，本发明中，优选无机粒子的一次粒径为380～780nm。考虑到织物反射出的可见波长有所差异，进一步优选在织物反射波长附近的粒径。
形成本发明树脂层的成分没有特别限定，但是考虑到洗涤耐久性以及不影响面料本身的性能，如手感或吸水性等，优选为聚氨酯、三聚氰胺、异氰酸酯和聚丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种。
本发明中对面料的素材、颜色等没有特别限定，本发明的加工工艺简单对液体渍具有优异的低可视化效果，可广泛用于衬衫、外套、风衣、羽绒服、运动T恤、登山服等。
下面结合实施例及比较例对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明所涉及的各参数的测试方法如下：
（1）变色度（目视法）
剪取平整无褶皱20cm×10cm试样1块，放置在标准大气压调湿平衡24小时。将其中一块试样平放在试验平台上，距试样表面高度1cm处将0.2ml液体（水或玉米油）轻轻滴在试样表面上，至完全扩散吸收（镜面反射消失），2分钟后，将其与置于标准光源(D65)对色灯箱中，观察试样液体有无地方的变色程度，参考JIS变褪色灰卡，判定其液体沾污的变色级数。没有观感色差时，定为5级，两块试样的色差处于灰卡的某两相邻级别之间，则可定为中间级别，如4-5级。级数越高，对液体渍的低可视效果越好。
（2）无机粒子的含量
称取5g试样，选用合适的溶剂将试样充分溶解，过滤干燥，观察无机粒子的颜色，并称取无机粒子的重量。这里的溶剂根据纤维的种类进行选择，如聚酯纤维选用苯酚和四氯乙烯的混合液，聚酰胺纤维选用甲酸，粘胶纤维选用浓硫酸等。
（3）无机粒子的折射率和一次粒径
将上述（2）中所得到的无机粒子采用阿贝折射仪和粒径仪测定其折射率和一次粒径。
（4）手感
10个纺织专业人士对面料进行感官手感评价。若7人以上认为柔软，则判断手感柔软；若3～6人认为柔软，则判断手感稍硬；少于3人认为柔软，则判断手感硬。
实施例1
对涤棉机织物(涤40/棉60、白色、克重115g/m2) 采用下列组成的加工液进行浸轧加工(1浸1轧，轧余率60%)，在130℃条件下干燥60秒,然后在170℃条件下焙烘60秒，得到本发明的面料，其各项性能测试结果见表1。
加工液由下列成分组成：
TiO2乳化液(固含量55%，粒径550nm) 150g/L
聚氨酯类树脂 100g/L
其余为水。
实施例2
将加工液中TiO2乳化液的用量调整为460g/L，其余同实施例1，得到本发明的面料，其各项性能见表1。
实施例3
将加工液中TiO2乳化液的用量调整为700g/L，其余同实施例1，得到本发明的面料，其各项性能见表1。
实施例4
将加工液中的TiO2乳化液替换成硫酸钡乳化液(固含量55%，粒径550nm)，其余同实施例1，得到本发明的面料，其各项性能见表1。
实施例5
将加工液中的TiO2乳化液替换成硫化锌乳化液(固含量55%，粒径550nm)，其余同实施例1，得到本发明的面料，其各项性能见表1。
实施例6
将加工液中的TiO2乳化液替换成红色的纳米三氧化二铁乳化液(固含量55%，粒径550nm)，其余同实施例1，得到本发明的面料，其各项性能见表1。
实施例7
选用粒径465nm的TiO2乳化液，其余同实施例1，得到本发明的面料，其各项性能见表1。
实施例8
选用粒径720nm的TiO2乳化液，其余同实施例1，得到本发明的面料，其各项性能见表1。
实施例9
将加工液中的聚氨酯类树脂替换成三聚氰胺类树脂，其余同实施例1，得到本发明的面料，其各项性能见表1。
实施例10
将加工液中的聚氨酯类树脂替换成异氰酸酯类树脂，其余同实施例1，得到本发明的面料，其各项性能见表1。
比较例1
仅使用聚氨酯类树脂，不使用TiO2乳化液，其余同实施例1，得到本发明的面料，其各项性能见表1。
比较例2
将加工液更改为以下组成成分的加工液，其余同实施例1，得到本发明的面料，其各项性能见表1。
加工液由下列成分组成：
C6氟素防水剂（大金工业株式会社制） 50g/L
其余为水。
表1
根据表1，
（1）由实施例1、实施例2和实施例3可知，同等条件下，随着无机粒子含量的增加，对玉米油渍的低可视效果不发生变化，但对水渍的低可视化效果逐渐提高，手感变硬。
（2）实施例4、实施例5和实施例1可知，同等条件下，随着无机粒子折射率的增加，对水渍和玉米油渍的低可视化效果逐渐提高。
（3）实施例1和实施例6可知，同等条件下，采用红色Fe2O3加工所得面料与用白色TiO2加工所得面料相比，两者对水渍和玉米油渍的低可视化效果相同。
（4）实施例7、实施例1和实施例8可知，同等条件下，随着无机粒子粒径的增加，对水渍和玉米油渍的低可视化效果逐渐提高。
（5）由实施例1和实施例9可知，同等条件下，聚氨酯树脂作为粘合剂加工所得面料与三聚氰胺树脂作为粘合剂加工所得面料相比，前者对水渍的低可视化效果略不及后者，但对玉米油渍的低可视化效果优于后者。
（6）由实施例1和实施例10可知，同等条件下，聚氨酯树脂作为粘合剂加工所得面料与异氰酸酯树脂作为粘合剂加工所得面料相比，两者对水渍的低可视化效果相当，前者对玉米油渍的低可视化效果优于后者。
（7）由比较例1和实施例1可知，同等条件下，不含有无机粒子树脂加工所得面料与含无机粒子树脂加工所得面料相比，前者对水渍和玉米油渍的低可视化效果明显不及后者。
（8）由比较例2和实施例1可知，同等条件下，采用碳6氟素防水剂加工所得面料与采用含无机粒子的树脂加工所得面料相比，前者对水渍的低可视化效果优于后者，但对玉米油渍的低可视化效果明显不及后者。
Claims (5)
1.一种对液体渍低可视化的面料，其特征是：形成所述面料的纤维表面上至少附着有含有无机粒子的树脂层；当所述面料沾染液体渍时，与无液体渍沾污状态相比，有液体渍沾污状态的变色度为3级以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述对液体渍低可视化的面料，其特征是：相对于所述面料的总重量，所述无机粒子的含量为5～15重量%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述对液体渍低可视化的面料，其特征是：所述无机粒子为折射率大于1.80的白色粒子。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述对液体渍低可视化的面料，其特征是：所述无机粒子的一次粒径为380～780nm。
5.根据权利要求1所述对液体渍低可视化的面料，其特征是：所述树脂层的成分为聚氨酯、三聚氰胺、异氰酸酯和聚丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种。
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