CN113147137A - 一种多功能复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种多功能复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113147137A
CN113147137A CN202110524040.6A CN202110524040A CN113147137A CN 113147137 A CN113147137 A CN 113147137A CN 202110524040 A CN202110524040 A CN 202110524040A CN 113147137 A CN113147137 A CN 113147137A
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multifunctional composite
composite material
copolymer
bonding
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曹厚宝
杨云霞
郝子坤
郑淑娜
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Niflon Laboratories Shanghai Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种多功能复合材料及其制备方法，包含：基体层、氟塑料层、粘合所述基体层和所述氟塑料层的粘合层；所述基体层为纤维面料，所述粘合层由四氟乙烯‑六氟丙烯‑偏氟乙烯共聚物和丙烯酸酯类共聚物混合制成。本发明的多功能复合材料具有高效防水、防紫外线、阻燃的性能，生产工艺简单，没有环境污染。

Description

一种多功能复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料制备领域，具体涉及一种多功能复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
CN110684256发明专利公开了一种耐老化抗菌雨衣的制备方法，其根据配方将石墨烯、二氧化钛、壳聚糖、高分子材料混合均匀后，通过熔融、压延、冷却制成面料，CN110777541发明专利公开了一种耐老化抗菌雨衣面料，其在基布上涂布石墨烯/二氧化钛复合材料、高分子助剂材料形成耐老化抗菌层，此面料具有抗菌防紫外线的作用，CN109435398专利公开了一种具有阻燃防水性能织物的制备方法，其通过在基布上涂覆一层聚四氟乙烯微孔膜来实现阻燃防水的性能。这些专利的制备工艺复杂，过程中采用有机溶剂，不环保；由于掺杂了过量的其它有机物，薄膜防水、阻燃、耐候性实际效果仍无法满足要求，且存在一定使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高效防水、防紫外线、阻燃复合材料。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种多功能复合材料，包含：基体层、氟塑料层、粘合所述基体层和所述氟塑料层的粘合层；所述基体层为纤维面料，所述粘合层由四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯共聚物和丙烯酸酯类共聚物混合制成。
优选地，所述丙烯酸酯类共聚物为甲基丙烯酸烷基C1-C4酯类共聚物或乙基丙烯酸烷基C1-C4酯类共聚物。
优选地，所述丙烯酸酯类共聚物选择甲基丙烯酸丁酯或乙基丙烯酸丁酯。
优选地，所述粘合层中，所述四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯共聚物为 60-75质量份，所述丙烯酸酯类共聚物为20-30质量份。
优选地，所述粘合层还包括紫外线吸收剂母粒，所述紫外线吸收剂母粒为5-10质量份。
优选地，所述氟塑料层的材质选择ETFE、ECTFE、FEP、PCTFE或其改性物。
优选地，所述氟塑料层的厚度为10-500μm。
本发明还提供一种多功能复合材料的制备方法，包含以下步骤：
(1)根据比例称取四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯共聚物粒子、丙烯酸酯类共聚物粒子，通过搅拌机混合均匀，然后投入到双螺杆挤出机内制得改性好的粒子，用于制备粘合层；
(2)采用压合辊使基底层、粘合层和氟塑料层粘合到一起。
优选地，采用挤出机将改性好的粒子融化后流延到基底层上，挤出机温度设置为200℃-300℃，压合辊温度150-180℃，压合压力为1-3MPa。
优选地，还包含根据比例称取紫外线吸收剂母粒，与四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯 -偏氟乙烯共聚物粒子、丙烯酸酯类共聚物粒子通过搅拌机混合均匀的步骤。
相对于现有技术，本发明具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明的粘合层含有丙烯酸酯类共聚物和四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯共聚物(THV)，对表层氟塑料和树脂纤维面料具有优异的粘结力；
(2)粘合层可进一步添加紫外吸收剂，能够有效屏蔽紫外线，保护树脂纤维面料；
(3)表层氟塑料的耐候性、不燃性和高熔点，增强了复合材料的阻燃能力；
(4)本发明提供的多功能复合材料具有高效防水、防紫外线、阻燃的性能，生产工艺简单，没有环境污染。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的说明。
本发明提供一种多功能复合材料，包含：基体层、氟塑料层、粘合基体层和氟塑料层的粘合层；粘合层是由四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯共聚物 (THV)和丙烯酸酯类共聚物的混合物制成。基体层赋予复合材料优良的强度。
粘合层可熔融加工，不需要溶剂进行涂布，其功能一方面可以粘结氟塑料层和基体层，具有优良的粘结力，不会随时间而发生粘结强度降低；另一方面，通过在粘合层中添加紫外线吸收剂母粒，其含有的紫外线吸收剂可以有效的吸收紫外线，防止紫外线对基体层的破坏，并且其本身也具有优良的耐候性，其不会产生黄变，影响内层基体层的纹路。
氟塑料具有优良的耐沾污性、疏水性、耐热性、耐候性、阻燃性、耐化学性，但是其粘结非常困难，加工成膜也具有较大难度，对设备和工艺要求非常高。氟材料表面能很低，必须选择特殊结构的粘结剂才可以实现氟材料的粘结。本发明选用丙烯酸酯类共聚物和THV树脂混合后获得粘合层，使得粘合层可以粘结氟塑料层和基体层。丙烯酸酯类共聚物为甲基丙烯酸烷基 C1-C4酯类共聚物或乙基丙烯酸烷基C1-C4酯类共聚物，优选为甲基丙烯酸丁酯或乙基丙烯酸丁酯。
本发明的多功能复合材料具有高效防水、防紫外线、阻燃的性能，生产工艺简单，没有环境污染。
THV的中文名称为：四氟乙烯(TFE)、六氟丙烯(HFP)与偏氟乙烯(PVDF) 的共聚物。THV是美国Dyneon公司在20世纪80年代开发出性能优异的氟塑料，不仅具有氟塑料耐候性、不燃性外，还可以像常见聚合物一样容易加工，是一种极具发展前景的氟塑料。
用于制备粘合层的混合物中，四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯共聚物的为 60-75质量份，丙烯酸酯类共聚物为20-30质量份，紫外线吸收剂母粒为5-10 质量份。
基体层为纤维面料，是由混纺纬线和混纺经线通过一定编制工艺制成，材质为涤纶、锦纶、乙纶、丙纶、棉纶等布料。
氟塑料层的材质选择ETFE、ECTFE、FEP、PCTFE或其改性物。
一些实施例中，氟塑料层的厚度为10-500μm。
实施例
根据比例称取四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯共聚物(THV)粒子、丙烯酸酯类共聚物粒子、紫外线吸收剂母粒粒子，质量百分数分别为68％、25％、 7％。通过搅拌机混合均匀，然后投入到双螺杆挤出机内制得改性好的粒子，其中双螺杆挤出机温度设置为150℃-200℃，螺杆长径比为36-42，压缩比为2-4。
通过熔融挤出粘合层来粘合基体层和氟塑料层，基底层材料置于第一放卷机构上，粘合层薄膜置于第二放卷机构上，挤出机将粘合层改性粒子融化后流延到基底层上，通过一组压合辊将三层材料粘合到一起，其中挤出机温度设置为200℃-300℃，压合辊温度150-180℃，压合压力为1-3MPa。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍，但应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。在本领域技术人员阅读了上述内容后，对于本发明的多种修改和替代都将是显而易见的。因此，本发明的保护范围应由所附的权利要求来限定。

Claims (10)

1.一种多功能复合材料，其特征在于，包含：基体层、氟塑料层、粘合所述基体层和所述氟塑料层的粘合层；所述基体层为纤维面料，所述粘合层由四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯共聚物和丙烯酸酯类共聚物混合制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多功能复合材料，其特征在于，所述丙烯酸酯类共聚物为甲基丙烯酸烷基C1-C4酯类共聚物或乙基丙烯酸烷基C1-C4酯类共聚物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的多功能复合材料，其特征在于，所述丙烯酸酯类共聚物选择甲基丙烯酸丁酯或乙基丙烯酸丁酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多功能复合材料，其特征在于，所述粘合层中，所述四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯共聚物为60-75质量份，所述丙烯酸酯类共聚物为20-30质量份。
5.根据权利要求4所述的多功能复合材料，其特征在于，所述粘合层还包括紫外线吸收剂母粒，所述紫外线吸收剂母粒为5-10质量份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的多功能复合材料，其特征在于，所述氟塑料层的材质选择ETFE、ECTFE、FEP、PCTFE或其改性物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的多功能复合材料，其特征在于，所述氟塑料层的厚度为10-500μm。
8.权利要求1至7中任意一项所述的多功能复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包含以下步骤：
(1)根据比例称取四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯共聚物粒子、丙烯酸酯类共聚物粒子，通过搅拌机混合均匀，然后投入到双螺杆挤出机内制得改性好的粒子，用于制备粘合层；
(2)采用压合辊使基底层、粘合层和氟塑料层粘合到一起。
9.根据权利要求8所述的多功能复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，采用挤出机将改性好的粒子融化后流延到基底层上，挤出机温度设置为200℃-300℃，压合辊温度150-180℃，压合压力为1-3MPa。
10.根据权利要求8所述的多功能复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，还包含根据比例称取紫外线吸收剂母粒，与四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-偏氟乙烯共聚物粒子、丙烯酸酯类共聚物粒子通过搅拌机混合均匀的步骤。
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