CN113087564A - Controlled release fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Controlled release fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113087564A CN113087564A CN202110307227.0A CN202110307227A CN113087564A CN 113087564 A CN113087564 A CN 113087564A CN 202110307227 A CN202110307227 A CN 202110307227A CN 113087564 A CN113087564 A CN 113087564A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
Abstract
The invention relates to a controlled release fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. The controlled release fertilizer comprises 70-75 parts of compound fertilizer, 10-15 parts of coated nitrogen fertilizer and 10-15 parts of coated potassium fertilizer; the compound fertilizer comprises 50-55 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 25-30 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 30-35 parts of potash fertilizer; the nitrogen content in the nitrogen fertilizer is 15-50%. The invention also comprises a preparation method of the controlled release fertilizer, which comprises the steps of crushing and uniformly mixing the nitrogenous fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer to prepare a mixture, and granulating the mixture at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to prepare a granular compound fertilizer; and uniformly mixing the granular compound fertilizer, the coated nitrogen fertilizer, the coated potassium fertilizer and the coated phosphate fertilizer to obtain the controlled-release fertilizer. In addition, the invention also comprises the application of the controlled release fertilizer or the controlled release fertilizer prepared by the preparation method in citrus planting. The controlled release fertilizer provided by the invention realizes the yield increase of the citrus, improves the quality, and can reduce the fertilizing amount by about 20% and increase the yield of the citrus by about 10%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a controlled release fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The citrus is an evergreen fruit tree, the treetop is taken out for many times a year, the bearing time is long, the bearing quantity is large, and the water and fertilizer requirements are large. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by the young sprout is gradually increased from spring. The nitrogen fertilizer cannot be applied in excess, otherwise the roots are damaged. In summer, the branch tip grows and the fruit expands, and the fertilizer requirement reaches the absorption peak. In autumn, the root system enters the growth peak again, and a large amount of nutrients are still needed for supplementing the nutrition of the tree body. The growth quantity is gradually reduced along with the reduction of the air temperature, the fertilizer demand is reduced along with the reduction of the air temperature, and the absorption is basically stopped after the winter. The absorption peak of the fruits to phosphorus is 8-9 months, the absorption peak of nitrogen and potassium is 9-10 months, and the absorption peak tends to be flat later. According to the analysis of test data, for producing 1000 kg of citrus fruit, 6kg of nitrogen, 1.1 kg of phosphorus, 4kg of potassium, 0.8kg of calcium and 0.27 kg of magnesium are absorbed, and the absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is about 1:0.2: 0.7.
With the continuous planting of oranges, the use of chemical fertilizers is continuously increased, so that the vicious cycle of soil ecology is caused, the economic benefit of farmers is reduced, and the contradiction between agricultural labor is prominent. How to develop a novel fertilizer, realize the reduction of the fertilizer, increase both the yield and the income, and adapt to the simplification of cultivation essence; is a target constantly pursued by agricultural researchers and fertilizer enterprises.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer and the yield of the citrus.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a controlled release fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof.
When the proper potassium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are actually selected, the actual mixture ratio of various compounds is calculated according to the nitrogen content, potassium content and phosphorus content of the actual compounds and the mass ratio of potassium oxide, nitrogen element and phosphorus pentoxide of the fertilizers. It should be noted that when a compound containing both nitrogen and phosphorus, i.e., diammonium phosphate, is selected, the amounts of phosphorus pentoxide and nitrogen provided by diammonium phosphate should be calculated at the same time.
In addition, the citrus is a calcium-favored crop, a magnesium-favored crop, sulfur and a chlorine-forbidden crop, when a proper nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer are selected, a chlorine-containing compound is avoided, a certain sulfur-containing compound can be selected to a certain extent, sulfur is beneficial to increase of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur contents and accumulation of each organ of the citrus, sulfur application under a low-nitrogen condition can obviously improve the activity of nitric acid reductase in spring, and is beneficial to absorption of nitrogen by a root system, sulfur application under a high-nitrogen condition improves the chlorophyll content of citrus leaves in the whole growth period, so that the photosynthetic property of the leaves is improved, the formation of photosynthetic products is facilitated, and the effects of yield reduction and quality reduction caused by excessive nitrogen can be relieved to a great extent.
The invention provides a controlled release fertilizer which comprises, by weight, 70-75 parts of a compound fertilizer, 10-15 parts of a coated nitrogen fertilizer and 10-15 parts of a coated potassium fertilizer;
the nitrogen content of the coated nitrogen fertilizer is 40-45%, and the potassium content of the coated potassium fertilizer is 50-55%;
the compound fertilizer comprises 50-55 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 25-30 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 30-35 parts of potash fertilizer by weight; the nitrogen content of the nitrogen fertilizer is 15% -50%, the potassium content of the potassium fertilizer is 50-55%, and the phosphorus content of the phosphate fertilizer is 10-50%.
Further, the coated nitrogen fertilizer comprises 0-7 parts of coated nitrogen fertilizer for 100 days, 0-7 parts of coated nitrogen fertilizer for 120 days and 5-8 parts of coated nitrogen fertilizer for 180 days.
Further, the coated potassium fertilizer comprises 4-6 parts of coated potassium fertilizer for 120 days and 4-8 parts of coated potassium fertilizer for 180 days.
Further, the method is carried out. The phosphate fertilizer comprises one or more of diammonium phosphate A, calcium magnesium phosphate and phosphorus pentoxide.
Further, the fertilizer also comprises 1-2 parts of trace element additives.
Furthermore, the microelement additive is one or two of borax and zinc sulfate.
Borax can be used for providing trace element boron, and has effects of protecting flower and fruit. Zinc sulfate is used for providing trace element zinc, and zinc plays an important role in photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis of plants, so that the yield and quality of crops are influenced.
Further, the composition also comprises 2-19 parts of potassium fulvate.
The potassium fulvate is a short carbon chain molecular structure substance extracted from natural humic acid, contains various nutritional ingredients such as trace elements, rare earth elements, plant growth regulators, virus inhibitors and the like, and can be widely applied to the agricultural and horticultural industries. The potassium fulvate is added into the citrus controlled-release formula fertilizer, and has the following benefits: the chelated macronutrients and micronutrients can be absorbed and utilized by plants; the fertilizer is slowly released, the utilization rate of the fertilizer and the pesticide is improved, and the resistance of plants is increased; the microscopic bioactivity of the plant is stimulated, the germination and growth of the plant are promoted, and the adhesive force and the rapid absorption capacity of the plant root system are enhanced; accelerating the precipitation and decomposition, improving the soil structure, improving the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, adjusting the pH value and reducing the content of heavy metals in the soil.
Further, the feed also comprises 5-10 parts of diammonium phosphate B. In addition, the diammonium phosphate B is added, so that the components of the quick-acting phosphorus can be increased, and the supply of phosphorus nutrients in the whole growth period is ensured.
Further, the invention also provides a preparation method of the controlled release fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
according to the proportion of each component, crushing and uniformly mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer to prepare a mixture, and granulating the mixture at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to prepare a granular compound fertilizer;
and uniformly mixing the granular compound fertilizer, the coated nitrogen fertilizer, the coated potassium fertilizer and the coated phosphate fertilizer to obtain the controlled-release fertilizer.
The invention also comprises the application of the controlled release fertilizer or the controlled release fertilizer prepared by the preparation method in planting citrus, wherein the biological organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for one time according to the proportion of 80-120 kg/mu, and the controlled release fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer according to the proportion of 120-150 kg/mu to complete fertilization.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: in the controlled release fertilizer, the content of nitrogen in the effective component of the nitrogen fertilizer is the most, the content of potassium oxide in the effective component of the potassium fertilizer is the next lowest, and the content of phosphorus pentoxide in the effective component of the phosphate fertilizer is the least, so that the ratio can meet the requirements of the nitrogen fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer in the growth process of oranges, and the coating nitrogen fertilizer and the coating potassium fertilizer are added into the compound fertilizer, so that the nitrogen and potassium required by oranges can be slowly released by the coating nitrogen fertilizer and the coating potassium fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are gradually supplemented for the oranges, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the yield of the oranges is increased, the quality is improved, and the yield of the oranges can be.
Detailed Description
The specific embodiment provides a controlled release fertilizer which comprises, by weight, 70-75 parts of a compound fertilizer, 10-15 parts of a coated nitrogen fertilizer, 10-15 parts of a coated potassium fertilizer, 1-2 parts of a trace element additive, 2-19 parts of potassium fulvate and 5-10 parts of diammonium phosphate B;
the nitrogen content of the coated nitrogen fertilizer is 40-45%, and the potassium content of the coated potassium fertilizer is 50-55%;
the compound fertilizer comprises nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in parts by weight; the nitrogen content of the nitrogen fertilizer is 46-50%, the potassium content of the potassium fertilizer is 15-19%, the phosphorus content of the phosphate fertilizer is 12-20%, the nitrogen content of the coated nitrogen fertilizer is 40-45%, and the potassium content of the coated potassium fertilizer is 30-35%.
Further, the coated nitrogen fertilizer in this embodiment comprises 0-7 parts of coated nitrogen fertilizer for 100 days, 0-7 parts of coated nitrogen fertilizer for 120 days, and 5-8 parts of coated nitrogen fertilizer for 180 days; the coated potassium fertilizer comprises 4-6 parts of coated potassium fertilizer for 120 days and 4-8 parts of coated potassium fertilizer for 180 days; the phosphate fertilizer comprises one or more of diammonium phosphate A, calcium magnesium phosphate and phosphorus pentoxide; the microelement additive is one or two of borax and zinc sulfate.
It should be noted that diammonium phosphate a and diammonium phosphate B are the same compound, and a and B are only used to distinguish between them in the course of the description.
Further, in this embodiment, the nitrogen or coated nitrogen fertilizer comprises one or more of urea, ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, and diammonium phosphate.
The specific embodiment also comprises a preparation method of the controlled release fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
according to the proportion of each component, crushing and uniformly mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer, then granulating under the condition of introducing steam, wherein the granulation temperature is 60-80 ℃, and after granulation, drying, cooling, screening and post-treating to obtain a granular compound fertilizer;
and uniformly mixing the granular compound fertilizer, the coated nitrogen fertilizer, the coated potassium fertilizer and the coated phosphate fertilizer to obtain the controlled-release fertilizer.
On the basis of the preparation method, further, according to the mixture ratio of the components, the nitrogen fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer, the trace element additive, the potassium fulvate and the diammonium phosphate B are crushed and mixed uniformly, then granulated at 60-80 ℃ in a steam-in state, and then dried, cooled, screened and post-treated to prepare the compound fertilizer.
Further, the borax, the zinc sulfate and the potassium fulvate in the embodiment can be firstly dissolved in water at 60-90 ℃, atomized and sprayed to the mixed solid raw materials at high pressure, and further mixed.
The specific embodiment further comprises the application of the controlled release fertilizer or the controlled release fertilizer prepared by the preparation method in planting citrus, wherein the biological organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for one time according to the ratio of 80-120 kg/mu, and the controlled release fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer according to the ratio of 120-150 kg/mu to complete fertilization.
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
Note that the following raw materials were purchased from the market, for example, coating nitrogen and coating potassium were purchased from intemet french corporation; the biological organic fertilizer and other compound fertilizers are purchased from agriculture science and technology limited company suitable for Hubei Shizhuang.
In addition, the explanation of the nitrogen coated for 100 days, namely the days when the nutrient of the coating material is released for 80% under the condition of 25 degrees, is 100 days, the potassium coated for 120 days, namely the days when the nutrient of the coating material is released for 80% under the condition of 25 degrees, is 120 days, the nitrogen coated for other 120 days, the nitrogen coated for 150 days, the nitrogen coated for 180 days, the potassium coated for 180 days and the like are analogized in sequence.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a citrus controlled-release fertilizer for the whole process of once fertilizing a tube, which comprises, by weight, 70 parts of a compound fertilizer, 6 parts of diammonium phosphate B, 4 parts of 100-day coating nitrogen, 5 parts of 120-day coating nitrogen, 5 parts of 180-day coating nitrogen, 6 parts of 120-day coating potassium and 4 parts of 180-day coating potassium;
the coated nitrogen fertilizer comprises urea with the nitrogen content of 46%, and the coated potassium fertilizer comprises potassium sulfate with the potassium content of 52%;
the compound fertilizer comprises, by weight, 31 parts of urea with a nitrogen content of 46%, 7 parts of calcium nitrate with a nitrogen content of 16%, 12 parts of diammonium phosphate A with a nitrogen content of 18% and a phosphorus content of 46%, 17 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with a phosphorus content of 14%, 30 parts of potassium sulfate with a potassium content of 52%, 0.5 part of borax, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate and 2 parts of potassium fulvate.
The embodiment also comprises a preparation method of the controlled release fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
according to the proportion of each component, nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, microelement additive, potassium fulvate and diammonium phosphate B are crushed and mixed uniformly, then the mixture is granulated under the state of introducing steam, the mixture is granulated at 60 ℃, and then the mixture is dried, cooled, screened and post-processed to prepare the compound fertilizer;
and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer, the coated nitrogen fertilizer, the coated potassium fertilizer and the coated phosphate fertilizer to obtain the controlled-release fertilizer.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a citrus controlled-release fertilizer for the whole process of once fertilizing a tube, which comprises, by weight, 71 parts of a compound fertilizer, 5 parts of diammonium phosphate B, 5 parts of 100-day coating nitrogen, 5 parts of 120-day coating nitrogen, 4 parts of 180-day coating nitrogen, 4 parts of 120-day coating potassium and 7 parts of 180-day coating potassium;
the coated nitrogen fertilizer comprises ammonium nitrate with the nitrogen content of 45 percent, and the coated potassium fertilizer comprises potassium sulfate with the potassium content of 55 percent;
the compound fertilizer comprises, by weight, 33 parts of ammonium nitrate with a nitrogen content of 45%, 7 parts of calcium nitrate with a nitrogen content of 18%, 12 parts of diammonium phosphate A with a nitrogen content of 18% and a phosphorus content of 46%, 18 parts of a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with a phosphorus content of 12%, 32 parts of potassium sulfate with a potassium content of 55%, 0.5 part of borax, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 5 parts of potassium fulvate.
The embodiment also comprises a preparation method of the controlled release fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
according to the proportion of each component, nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, microelement additive, potassium fulvate and diammonium phosphate B are crushed and mixed uniformly, then the mixture is granulated under the state of introducing steam, the mixture is granulated at 75 ℃, and then the mixture is dried, cooled, screened and post-processed to prepare the compound fertilizer;
and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer, the coated nitrogen fertilizer, the coated potassium fertilizer and the coated phosphate fertilizer to obtain the controlled-release fertilizer.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a citrus controlled-release fertilizer for the whole process of once fertilizing a tube, which comprises, by weight, 75 parts of a compound fertilizer, 10 parts of diammonium phosphate B, 7 parts of 120-day coating nitrogen, 8 parts of 180-day coating nitrogen, 6 parts of 120-day coating potassium and 7 parts of 180-day coating potassium;
the coated nitrogen fertilizer comprises urea with 45% of nitrogen content, and the coated potassium fertilizer comprises potassium sulfate with 55% of potassium content;
the compound fertilizer comprises, by weight, 33 parts of urea with a nitrogen content of 45%, 9 parts of calcium nitrate with a nitrogen content of 25%, 13 parts of diammonium phosphate A with a nitrogen content of 18% and a phosphorus content of 45%, 12 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with a phosphorus content of 10%, 35 parts of potassium sulfate with a potassium content of 55%, 1 part of borax, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 12 parts of potassium fulvate.
The embodiment also comprises a preparation method of the controlled release fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
according to the proportion of each component, nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, microelement additive, potassium fulvate and diammonium phosphate B are crushed and mixed uniformly, then the mixture is granulated under the state of introducing steam, the mixture is granulated at 80 ℃, and then the mixture is dried, cooled, screened and post-processed to prepare the compound fertilizer;
and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer, the coated nitrogen fertilizer, the coated potassium fertilizer and the coated phosphate fertilizer to obtain the controlled-release fertilizer.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a citrus controlled-release fertilizer for the whole process of once fertilizing a tube, which comprises 73 parts by weight of a compound fertilizer, 8 parts by weight of diammonium phosphate B, 7 parts by weight of 100-day coating nitrogen, 7 parts by weight of 180-day coating nitrogen, 4 parts by weight of 120-day coating potassium and 6 parts by weight of 180-day coating potassium;
the coated nitrogen fertilizer comprises urea with nitrogen content of 40%, and the coated potassium fertilizer comprises potassium sulfate with potassium content of 52%;
the compound fertilizer comprises, by weight, 32 parts of urea with a nitrogen content of 40%, 9 parts of calcium nitrate with a nitrogen content of 30%, 13 parts of diammonium phosphate A with a nitrogen content of 18% and a phosphorus content of 45%, 17 parts of a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with a phosphorus content of 25%, 30 parts of potassium sulfate with a potassium content of 52%, 1 part of borax, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 16 parts of potassium fulvate.
The embodiment also comprises a preparation method of the controlled release fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
according to the proportion of each component, nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, microelement additive, potassium fulvate and diammonium phosphate B are crushed and mixed uniformly, then the mixture is granulated under the state of introducing steam, the mixture is granulated at 70 ℃, and then the mixture is dried, cooled, screened and post-processed to prepare the compound fertilizer;
and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer, the coated nitrogen fertilizer, the coated potassium fertilizer and the coated phosphate fertilizer to obtain the controlled-release fertilizer.
Correlation test
The controlled release fertilizers of the examples 1 to 4 are respectively applied to the citrus according to 150 kg/mu and 80 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer together through one-time base fertilizer application without additional fertilizer application, and the total number of the planting areas is four, and the examples 1 to 4 respectively correspond to the planting areas 1 to 4. And (3) conventionally applying fertilizers to the planting area 5 as a control, applying 50kg of compound fertilizer to each mu in the strong fruit period and applying 40kg of calcium nitrate to each mu before overwintering according to 100 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer, 100kg of chemical fertilizer and 50kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer. The results are shown in Table 1 for 3 replicates, randomized block arrangement, 6.2m by 4.5m for each cell, and guard rows around each cell. The unit price of citrus fruit is calculated as 5.55 yuan/kg.
TABLE 1 yield and profitability of growing areas 1-5
As can be seen from Table 1, the yield per mu of the planting areas 1-4 is higher than that of the planting area 5. The highest yield per mu in the planting area 3 is 2442.0kg, the yield is increased by 242kg compared with that of the control area, and the yield is increased by 11.2%; the yield of 4 mu in the planting area is 2406.8kg, the yield is increased by 206.8kg compared with the yield of the control mu, and the yield is increased by 9.4%; the yield of the planting areas 3 and 4 is obviously increased; the yield per mu of the planting areas 1 and 2 is 147.4kg and 112.2kg respectively, and the yield increase rate is 6.7 percent and 5.1 percent respectively. Variance analysis shows that the difference between the planting area 3 and the contrast is very obvious, the difference between the planting area 4 and the contrast is obvious, and the difference between the planting areas 1 and 2 and the contrast is not obvious. From the economic benefit, the net income of 3 mu of the planting area is the highest and is 10787.50 yuan, and compared with the net income of 1391.30 yuan of the control mu, the net income of the planting area is increased; the net income of 4 mu of the planting area is 10607.30 yuan, which is 1211.10 yuan higher than that of the control mu; the net income per mu of the planting areas 1 and 2 is higher than that of the control area, and the net income per mu is increased by 722.70 yuan and 593.40 yuan respectively compared with that of the control area.
TABLE 2 comparison of fertilizer cost for each treatment
Comparing the fertilizer cost of the examples 1-4 with that of the control group, as shown in the table 2, the fertilizer cost of the planting area 4 is the lowest and is 910 yuan/mu, and 60 yuan is less than 970 yuan/mu of the fertilizer application cost of the control group; the second of the planting area 3 is 940 yuan/mu, the fertilizing cost is reduced by 30 yuan compared with the control mu, and the fertilizer investment is obviously saved in the planting areas 3 and 4. The fertilizer input cost of the planting areas 1 and 2 is 1060 yuan/mu and 1000 yuan/mu respectively, compared with the control, the fertilizer input cost is 90 yuan/mu and 30 yuan/mu, and obviously, the fertilizer cost is overhigh. The conventional fertilization is generally carried out twice, 1 additional fertilization labor is needed for each mu, the labor wage is paid for 150 yuan, and the controlled release formula fertilizer is a one-time base fertilizer, so that the labor and the time are obviously saved. N, P, K kg of pure nutrients are applied to 1-4 mu of the planting area, the pure nutrients applied to the control mu reach 86.7kg, the controlled release fertilizer is 22.7 percent of the pure nutrients applied to the conventional fertilization mu, the yield is still increased by 5.1-11.2 percent, and the weight is obviously reduced and the effect is increased. The results show that: examples 3 and 4 are more suitable formulations for citrus controlled release fertilizers.
The main reason for the highest yield of the planting area 3 is that the nutrient proportion is basically synchronous with the nutrient requirement of the growth of the citrus, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the waste and the loss are less, and the effects of increasing the production and increasing the income are achieved while the fertilizer input is reduced.
The citrus controlled-release formula fertilizer adopting the whole process of the one-time fertilizing pipe in the planting area 3 is demonstrated at multiple points of citrus for two years, and the demonstration results are shown as follows:
in 2018, compared with the citrus orchard in the Yangtze fish gorge town dragon pond village in Hubei province, the citrus controlled-release formula fertilizer for the whole process of once fertilization pipe shows that the yield per mu reaches 2412kg, the yield is increased by 490kg compared with the yield per mu of 2250kg in conventional fertilization, the increase is 7.2%, and the income per mu is increased by 1258 yuan under the condition that the fertilizer is applied less than 7.1% of the pure nutrient in the fertilizer per mu.
In 2018, the citrus controlled-release formula fertilizer for the whole process of once fertilization of the citrus is applied to the Zhengcun citrus orchard in Changyang grinding city in Hubei, the yield per mu reaches 2825kg, the yield is increased by 580kg compared with 2415kg of the yield in conventional fertilization, the amplification degree reaches 11.7%, the application amount of pure nutrients per mu is reduced by 9.8%, and the income per mu is increased by 1577 yuan.
In 2019, compared with a one-time fertilization pipe whole-process controlled-release formula fertilizer comparison test in a citrus orchard in Changyang fish, isthmus, dragon pond and village in Hubei, the yield per mu reaches 2448.6kg, the yield per mu is increased by 850.8kg compared with 2202kg of the conventional fertilization yield per mu, the increase is 11.2%, the application amount of pure nutrients per mu is reduced by 22.7%, and the income per mu is increased by 1391.3 yuan.
According to the comparison demonstration of the controlled-release formula fertilizer in the whole process of grinding the one-time fertilization pipe of the village citrus orchard in the Zhengyang grinding city in Hubei in 2019, the yield per mu is 2536.9kg, the yield is increased by 285.8kg compared with the yield per mu of 2430kg of the conventional fertilization, the amplification is 4.4 percent, the application-reducing pure nutrients are 28.7 percent compared with the conventional fertilization, and the income per mu is increased by 347.2 yuan.
In a word, the yield and income of the citrus controlled release formula fertilizer in the whole process of the one-time fertilization pipe are obviously increased, the controlled release formula fertilizer ensures balanced supply of nutrients in the whole growth period of crops, overcomes the defect of nutrient hunger unevenness caused by artificial topdressing, effectively improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, and can still increase the yield by about 10 percent on the premise of reducing the dosage by about 20 percent in the conventional fertilization; the income increase is changed with the price, and the benefit is also very considerable.
Selection of a controlled release formulation: the controlled release formula mainly takes nitrogen as a main component, and potassium can be properly mixed according to the characteristics of the fertilizer required by crops, so that the dosage of controlled release materials is reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the application range is expanded; the controlled release fertilizer of the embodiment 3 has an extremely obvious yield increase effect, the controlled release fertilizer of the embodiment 4 has an obvious yield increase effect, the corresponding cost is low, and the controlled release fertilizer is determined to be an optimal production formula of an enterprise, so that the demonstration and popularization are accelerated.
The citrus controlled-release formula fertilizer for the whole process of the one-time fertilization tube has wide application prospect: the citrus controlled-release formula fertilizer is suitable for citrus, oranges and the like, the dosage per mu of the citrus is 120-130 kg, the dosage per mu of the citrus and the oranges is 140-150 kg, 100-120 kg of bio-organic fertilizer or commercial organic fertilizer is applied in a matched manner, and one-time base fertilizer is not applied; the price of the complete controlled release formula fertilizer is high, and the fertilizer prepared by doping the formula fertilizer into the controlled release material is low, so that the fertilizer meets the market demand and the farmer will; the method is worthy of gradual research and development, experimental demonstration and wide application; realizes resource saving, soil environment improvement, farmer profit and green development.
To sum up, the active ingredient nitrogen element of the active ingredient nitrogen fertilizer of the whole-course oranges and tangerines controlled release formula fertilizer of the once fertilization pipe that this application provided is most, and potassium oxide is inferior, and the active ingredient phosphorus pentoxide of phosphorus fertilizer is minimum, and required nitrogen fertilizer, potash fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer in this kind of ratio can satisfy the oranges and tangerines growth process to make oranges and tangerines output improve, contain the well microelement very important to oranges and tangerines growth simultaneously, can promote oranges and tangerines growth and development, reinforcing photosynthesis and stress resistance improve the quality. In addition, the preparation method of the special fertilizer for citrus is simple and convenient, the application is light and simple, the cost is more reasonable, the nutrient consumption of conventional fertilization is obviously reduced, and the resource saving, fertilizer saving and efficiency improvement are realized.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A controlled release fertilizer is characterized by comprising 70-75 parts of compound fertilizer, 10-15 parts of coated nitrogen fertilizer and 10-15 parts of coated potassium fertilizer by weight;
the nitrogen content of the coated nitrogen fertilizer is 40-45%, and the potassium content of the coated potassium fertilizer is 50-55%;
the compound fertilizer comprises 50-55 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 25-30 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 30-35 parts of potash fertilizer by weight; the nitrogen content of the nitrogen fertilizer is 15% -50%, the potassium content of the potassium fertilizer is 50-55%, and the phosphorus content of the phosphate fertilizer is 10-50%.
2. The controlled release fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the coated nitrogen fertilizer comprises 0-7 parts of coated nitrogen fertilizer for 100 days, 0-7 parts of coated nitrogen fertilizer for 120 days, and 5-8 parts of coated nitrogen fertilizer for 180 days.
3. The controlled release fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the coated potash fertilizer comprises 4-6 parts of coated potash fertilizer for 120 days and 4-8 parts of the coated potash fertilizer for 180 days.
4. The controlled release fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the phosphate fertilizer comprises one or more of diammonium phosphate a, a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and phosphorus pentoxide.
5. The controlled release fertilizer of claim 1, further comprising 1-2 parts of a trace element additive.
6. The controlled release fertilizer of claim 5, wherein the trace element additive is one or both of borax and zinc sulfate.
7. The controlled release fertilizer of claim 1, further comprising 2-19 parts potassium fulvate.
8. The controlled release fertilizer of claim 1, further comprising 5-10 parts of diammonium phosphate B.
9. A method of preparing a controlled release fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 comprising the steps of:
according to the proportion of each component, crushing and uniformly mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a phosphate fertilizer to prepare a mixture, and granulating the mixture at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ to prepare a granular compound fertilizer;
and uniformly mixing the granular compound fertilizer, the coated nitrogen fertilizer, the coated potassium fertilizer and the coated phosphate fertilizer to obtain the controlled-release fertilizer.
10. The application of the controlled release fertilizer prepared by any one of claims 1 to 8 or the preparation method of claim 9 in planting citrus, characterized in that the biological organic fertilizer is applied at 80-120 kg/mu, and the controlled release fertilizer is applied together as a base fertilizer at one time at 120-150 kg/mu.
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