CN106396835A - A slow release fertilizer specially used for citrus - Google Patents
A slow release fertilizer specially used for citrus Download PDFInfo
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- CN106396835A CN106396835A CN201610587076.8A CN201610587076A CN106396835A CN 106396835 A CN106396835 A CN 106396835A CN 201610587076 A CN201610587076 A CN 201610587076A CN 106396835 A CN106396835 A CN 106396835A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
A slow release fertilizer specially used for citrus is disclosed. The fertilizer is prepared by mixing 100 parts by weight of urea-formaldehyde, 20-30 parts by weight of functional slow release particles, 20-40 parts by weight of diammonium phosphate, 30-50 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 5-10 parts by weight of borax, 5-10 parts by weight of zinc sulfate, 5-10 parts by weight of ferric sulfate and 5-10 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, granulating and performing film coating. The fertilizer is comprehensive in nutrition, slow in release, long-acting, durable in fertility, and capable of greatly reducing the number of times of fertilizing and effectively improving yields and quality of citrus.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oranges and tangerines are fertile, particularly to a kind of oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer.
Background technology
Platymiscium under Citrus Rutaceae, is the torrid zone, subtropical evergreen fruit trees, and property likes warm and moist weather, and China is mandarin orange
One of major country of tangerine plantation.Citrusfruit color and taste and excellent, is of high nutritive value, its species, wide in variety, and the maturity period is long, in conjunction with
The cultivation of different regions and storage, easy year-round supply fresh fruit, it has also become the large fruit of the first in the world.Citrus perennial woody
Fruit tree, its life cycle is longer, the tree body life-span up to many decades or even over one hundred year, in its whole life cycle, through outgrowth,
The different phases such as result, Sheng Guo, aging and renewal, and there are its special physilogical characteristics and nutritional need in all ages and classes period.I
State's citrus orchard mostly is hilly and mountainous land, during soil management, should take corresponding according to actual land occupation condition and cultivation feature
Measures for building, note balance rational application of fertilizer link, with guarantee citrus orchard soil fertility Comprehensive Traits keep good level, be
The high yield of oranges and tangerines, stable yields and high-quality provide firm nutrition foundation.
It was found that often producing 1000 kilograms of citrusfruits, need 6 kilograms of nitrogen, 1.1 kilograms of phosphorus, 4 kilograms of potassium, 0.8 kilogram of calcium,
0.27 kilogram of magnesium.Nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 1:0.2:0.7, need nitrogen potassium more.The absorption to required nutrient for the oranges and tangerines, with the change in phenological period
Change and different.The absorption to nutrition for the orange young, increases rapidly by spring, summer peaks, enters and start after autumn
Decline, substantially stop after entering the winter；The absorption to phosphorus for the fruit, was gradually increased from midsummer, peaks at the beginning of autumn late summer, tends to later
Balance.The absorption of nitrogen potassium started to increase from midsummer, the 8-9 month Nutrient Absorption top.In the fertilising of a year, winter top dressing accounts for
50%, spring fertilizer and Xia Qiufei respectively account for 25%.Growing of mandarin tree needs various essential nutrient elements with result, and they are direct
Participate in composition plant organic matter matter, material impact to the quality component of oranges and tangerines, therefore apply fertilizer when also need consider nutrient complete with
Equilibrium supply.The Ci trus growth phase is longer, and common fertilizer needs repeatedly to apply, and fertilising cost of labor is high, and nutrient loss is larger.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer, nutrient is complete, slow release long-acting, fertility persistently, energy
Greatly reduce fertilizer application frequency, effectively lift the yield and quality of oranges and tangerines.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：A kind of oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer, by weight,
Obtain by following components mixing granulation and after film：100 parts of ureaformaldehyde, functional slow-release particle 20-30 part, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20-
40 parts, potassium sulfate 30-50 part, borax 5-10 part, zinc sulfate 5-10 part, ferric sulfate 5-10 part, magnesium sulfate 5-10 part.
The oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer of the present invention adopts three-level sustained release design, the outermost layer setting film layer (urea of fertiliser granulates
Aldehyde coating layer) as first order extended release, stop the quick loss of nutrient content, the ureaformaldehyde composition in fertilizer is sustained as two grades,
Functional slow-release particle is sustained as three-level, and retain water and nutrients ability is strong.Such three-level is sustained so that the oranges and tangerines of the present invention are special
Slow-release fertilizer slow release long-acting, fertility is lasting.
Preferably, the preparation method of described ureaformaldehyde is：According to urea：Formaldehyde=1.4:1-1.6:1 mol ratio, will
Urea adds in the formalin of mass concentration 35-40% preheating, and added acid-catalyst adjusts pH to 4-6, is uniformly mixed, warp
Cool down, air-dry, grind, sieve, obtain the ureaformaldehyde of powdery.The index of activity of the ureaformaldehyde product prepared using the inventive method is relatively
Height, containing more slow release nitrogen, had good sustained release effect.
Preferably, the formalin temperature of preheating is 25-30 DEG C.
Preferably, acid catalyst is by weight by 5-8 part phosphoric acid, 1-3 part sulfuric acid, 3-5 part oxalic acid and 1-3 part acetic acid
Mix.Using the present invention inorganic acid and organic acid mixture as acid catalyst, the ureaformaldehyde being obtained has preferably
Slow release nitrogen.
Preferably, the preparation method of described functional slow-release particle is as follows：
(1) by bladder-wrack extract 100 weight portion, wormcast 30-50 weight portion, fly maggot excrement 70-90 weight portion, bamboo vinegar
20-30 weight portion, humic acid 30-50 weight portion, dregs of beans 8-15 part, ramulus mori powder 15-25 weight portion, pine needle meal 10-20 weight portion
And molasses 25-40 weight portion is uniformly mixed to obtain mixture, regulation to the water content that adds water in mixture must be sent out for 60-65%
Ferment matrix；
(2) add composite bacteria liquid to be uniformly mixed in fermentation substrate, build at 25-35 DEG C after heap ferments 7-14 days and must send out
Ferment thing；
(3) make particle after fermentate being dried, then particle is heat-treated, after cooling, obtain product.
The present invention adopts above-mentioned specific technique machining function slow-releasing granules it is ensured that product fertility efficiently, persistently, is delayed
Release effect good it is easy to absorb.The present invention first carries out biofermentation process using composite bacteria liquid, can make fly maggot excrement, bamboo vinegar, humic
Acid, dregs of beans, ramulus mori powder, pine needle meal and wormcast and bladder-wrack extract are glued further, promote fly maggot excrement, bamboo vinegar, humic
Acid, dregs of beans, ramulus mori powder, the nutriment of pine needle meal resolve into and are easier to plant absorption composition, and meanwhile, biofermentation is processed can also
Kill harmful microorganism.Molasses, as the best nutritional source of compound bacteria, can promote growth and the breeding of flora.After finally to fermentation
Prepared particle be heat-treated so that each composition further combined with formed complex, can promote organic and inorganic composition be combined with
And surface chemical reaction and ion exchange, so that fly maggot excrement is changed into similar to soil humic metallic substance, dregs of beans, ramulus mori powder, pine needle
Powder is further converted into easily absorbing composition, ultimately forms relatively stable complex, plays efficient water conservation, fertilizer conservation effect.
The functional slow-release particle of the present invention with bladder-wrack extract, wormcast for main sustained release matrix, extract by bladder-wrack
There is passivation to the heavy metal in soil in thing, the absorption of oranges and tangerines heavy metal ion can be stoped, bladder-wrack extract has
Abundant pore structure, for keeping the slow loss of nutrient content, has stronger water conservation, function of fertilizer retention, and extends fertilizer
Effect, plays slow releasing function.Sodium alginate in bladder-wrack extract can improve photosynthetic efficiency, improving yield and product quality, increases
Plus resistance is so that citrusfruit thin skin, meat is thick, succulence.Wormcast be a kind of black, homogeneous, have the in small, broken bits of nature Earthy Taste
Class material, has good permeability, aeration, drainage and high water-holding capacity.The present invention with wormcast as sustained release matrix, first
Wormcast particle has very big surface area, and pore structure is good, and retain water and nutrients effect is good, meanwhile, wormcast nutrient content itself
Abundant, its contained nutrient content and trace element etc. are especially suitable for the production of oranges and tangerines.The small graininess of wormcast can also be helped
Enhancement soil is helped to contact as much as possible with air, they make soil no longer hardened and hard after mixing with soil, the making of wormcast
With mandarin tree surrounding soil structure can be improved.The microcellular structure of bladder-wrack extract and wormcast is worked in coordination, from different perspectives
Play slow releasing function, complement each other, together constitute the sustained release matrix of functional slow-release particle of the present invention.
Fly maggot excrement, bamboo vinegar, molasses and humic acid are nutritious, rich in materials such as organic matter and protein, are that oranges and tangerines carry
For the source of nutrition of high-quality, especially humic acid plays the role of positive to Ci trus growth, can improve fruit-setting rate, improve oranges and tangerines product
Matter.Dregs of beans, ramulus mori powder, pine needle meal, rich in nutrition content provides nutritional supplementation for auxiliary.
The functional slow-release particle of the present invention is directed to oranges and tangerines needs fertile characteristic to carry out formula design, and each group is divided and cooperated,
Nutrition arrangement rationally, is worked in coordination with and is played a role, and fertility is persistently, while playing slow release effect, other in also adsorbable fixing product
The chemical fertilizer component being easy to run off, improves oranges and tangerines fruit-setting rate, improves Quality Parameters in Orange.
Preferably, composite bacteria liquid consumption is the 5-10% of fermentation substrate weight in step (1).
Preferably, composite bacteria liquid by EM bacterium solution and Bacillus subtillis liquid according to 1:0.5-0.7 volume ratio mixing and
Become, viable count >=100,000,000/milliliter of EM bacterium solution, viable count >=100,000,000/milliliter of Bacillus subtillis liquid.Using in the present invention
State specific composite bacteria liquid proportioning, biofermentation effect is good.
Preferably, the described heat treatment of step (3) is to be warming up to 150-180 DEG C with the heating rate of 5-10 DEG C/min, protect
Hold 50-70min.Using the above-mentioned specific heat treatment condition of the present invention, form relatively stable organic mineral complex, play efficiently
Water conservation, fertilizer conservation effect.
Preferably, the preparation method of described bladder-wrack extract is as follows：
(1) bladder-wrack dry product is pulverized to obtain bladder-wrack crushed material, by the lemon of bladder-wrack crushed material and mass concentration 1-3%
Acid sodium solution is according to 1g：The proportioning mixing of 10-20mL, controls temperature 45-50 DEG C, stirs 3-5 hour, filter, wash to obtain pre- place
Reason thing；
(2) by the sulfuric acid solution of pretreatment thing and mass concentration 10-15% according to 1g：The proportioning of 10-15mL mixes,
Control temperature 30-35 DEG C, acidolysis 10-20min obtains acidolysis thing；
(3) by the sodium carbonate liquor of acidolysis thing and mass concentration 20-30% according to 1g：The proportioning mixing of 5-10mL, stirring
Reaction 20-30min, reduced pressure concentration, obtain bladder-wrack extract after freeze-drying.
Bladder-wrack of the present invention is pre-processed with sodium citrate solution, to remove the heavy metal of bladder-wrack enrichment itself.By this
The technique of invention, rationally, porosity is high for gained bladder-wrack extract component, and specific surface area is big, and retain water and nutrients effect is good.
Preferably, the coating liquid quality by the urea of 80-110 part, 120-160 part by weight that film uses is dense
The formalin of degree 38%, the inorganic acid of 0.0001-0.001 part mix, and inorganic acid is by the sulfuric acid of 5-7 weight portion and 3-5
The phosphoric acid of weight portion mixes.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：Nutrient is complete, slow release long-acting, and fertility persistently, can greatly reduce fertilizer application frequency, effectively
The yield and quality of lifting oranges and tangerines.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme is described in further detail.
In the present invention, if not refering in particular to, the raw material being adopted and equipment etc. are all commercially available or commonly used in the art.
Method in following embodiments, if no special instructions, is the conventional method of this area.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer, by weight, formula is as follows：100 parts of ureaformaldehyde, functional slow-release particle 20
Part, 20 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 30 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of borax, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of ferric sulfate, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate；Mentioned component is mixed
Close uniformly, extruder grain, and spray a coating film liquid again in particle surface, form one layer of ureaformaldehyde coating layer.Coating liquid is by weight
Part meter is mixed by 80 parts of urea, 120 parts of mass concentration 38% formalin, 0.0001 part of inorganic acid, inorganic acid
Mixed by the sulfuric acid (concentration 98wt%) of 5 weight portions and the phosphoric acid (concentration 85wt%) of 5 weight portions.
The preparation method of described ureaformaldehyde is：According to urea：Formaldehyde=1.4:1 mol ratio, urea is added quality dense
Degree 35% is preheated in 30 DEG C of formalin, and added acid-catalyst adjusts pH to 4, is uniformly mixed, cooled, air-dried, mill
Broken, sieve, obtain the ureaformaldehyde of powdery；Acid catalyst is by weight by 5 parts of phosphoric acid (concentration 85wt%), 3 parts of sulfuric acid (concentration
98wt%), 3 parts of oxalic acid (concentration 15wt%) and 1 part of acetic acid (concentration 38wt%) mix.
The preparation method of described functional slow-release particle is as follows：
(1) by bladder-wrack extract 100 weight portion, wormcast 30 weight portion, fly maggot excrement 70 weight portion, bamboo vinegar 20 weight
Part, humic acid 50 weight portion, 8 parts of dregs of beans, ramulus mori powder 25 weight portion, pine needle meal 10 weight portion and the stirring mixing of molasses 40 weight portion
Uniform mixture, regulation to the water content that adds water in mixture obtains fermentation substrate for 60-65%.
(2) composite bacteria liquid is added to be uniformly mixed in fermentation substrate, composite bacteria liquid consumption is fermentation base in step (1)
Build at 5%, 25-35 DEG C of matter weight after heap ferments 7-14 days and obtain fermentate；Composite bacteria liquid is by EM bacterium solution (commercially available) and withered grass bud
Born of the same parents' bacillus liquid (commercially available) are according to 1:0.5 volume ratio mixes, viable count >=100,000,000/milliliter of EM bacterium solution, Ko subtilis bar
The viable count of bacterium solution >=100,000,000/milliliter.
(3) make particle after fermentate being dried, then particle is heat-treated, described heat treatment is with the liter of 5 DEG C/min
Warm ramp, to 150 DEG C, keeps 70min, obtains product after cooling.
The preparation method of described bladder-wrack extract is as follows：
(1) bladder-wrack dry product is pulverized to obtain bladder-wrack crushed material, by the citric acid of bladder-wrack crushed material and mass concentration 1%
Sodium solution is according to 1g：The proportioning mixing of 20mL, controls temperature 45 C, stirs 5 hours, filter, wash and must pre-process thing.
(2) by the sulfuric acid solution of pretreatment thing and mass concentration 10% according to 1g：The proportioning of 15mL mixes, and controls temperature
30 DEG C of degree, acidolysis 20min obtains acidolysis thing.
(3) by the sodium carbonate liquor of acidolysis thing and mass concentration 20% according to 1g：The proportioning mixing of 10mL, stirring reaction
20min, reduced pressure concentration, obtain bladder-wrack extract after freeze-drying.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer, by weight, formula is as follows：100 parts of ureaformaldehyde, functional slow-release particle 30
Part, 40 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 50 parts of potassium sulfate, 10 parts of borax, 10 parts of zinc sulfate, 10 parts of ferric sulfate, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate；By above-mentioned one-tenth
Divide and mix, extruder grain, and spray a coating film liquid again in particle surface, form one layer of ureaformaldehyde coating layer.Coating liquid is pressed
Weight portion meter is mixed by 110 parts of urea, 160 parts of mass concentration 38% formalin, 0.001 part of inorganic acid, no
Machine acid is mixed by the sulfuric acid (concentration 98wt%) of 7 weight portions and the phosphoric acid (concentration 85wt%) of 3 weight portions.
The preparation method of described ureaformaldehyde is：According to urea：Formaldehyde=1.6:1 mol ratio, urea is added quality dense
Degree 40% is preheated in 25 DEG C of formalin, and added acid-catalyst adjusts pH to 6, is uniformly mixed, cooled, air-dried, mill
Broken, sieve, obtain the ureaformaldehyde of powdery；Acid catalyst is by weight by 8 parts of phosphoric acid (concentration 85wt%), 1 part of sulfuric acid (concentration
98wt%), 5 parts of oxalic acid (concentration 15wt%) and 3 parts of acetic acid (concentration 38wt%) mix.
The preparation method of described functional slow-release particle is as follows：
(1) by bladder-wrack extract 100 weight portion, wormcast 50 weight portion, fly maggot excrement 90 weight portion, bamboo vinegar 30 weight
Part, humic acid 30 weight portion, 15 parts of dregs of beans, ramulus mori powder 15 weight portion, pine needle meal 20 weight portion and the stirring of molasses 25 weight portion are mixed
Conjunction is uniform to obtain mixture, and regulation to the water content that adds water in mixture obtains fermentation substrate for 60-65%.
(2) composite bacteria liquid is added to be uniformly mixed in fermentation substrate, composite bacteria liquid consumption is fermentation base in step (1)
Build at 10%, 25-35 DEG C of matter weight after heap ferments 7-14 days and obtain fermentate；Composite bacteria liquid is by EM bacterium solution (commercially available) and withered grass bud
Born of the same parents' bacillus liquid (commercially available) are according to 1:0.7 volume ratio mixes, viable count >=100,000,000/milliliter of EM bacterium solution, Ko subtilis bar
The viable count of bacterium solution >=100,000,000/milliliter.
(3) make particle after fermentate being dried, then particle is heat-treated, described heat treatment is with the liter of 10 DEG C/min
Warm ramp, to 180 DEG C, keeps 50min, obtains product after cooling.
The preparation method of described bladder-wrack extract is as follows：
(1) bladder-wrack dry product is pulverized to obtain bladder-wrack crushed material, by the citric acid of bladder-wrack crushed material and mass concentration 3%
Sodium solution is according to 1g：The proportioning mixing of 10mL, controls temperature 50 C, stirs 3 hours, filter, wash and must pre-process thing.
(2) by the sulfuric acid solution of pretreatment thing and mass concentration 15% according to 1g：The proportioning of 10mL mixes, and controls temperature
35 DEG C of degree, acidolysis 10min obtains acidolysis thing.
(3) by the sodium carbonate liquor of acidolysis thing and mass concentration 30% according to 1g：The proportioning mixing of 5mL, stirring reaction
30min, reduced pressure concentration, obtain bladder-wrack extract after freeze-drying.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer, by weight, formula is as follows：100 parts of ureaformaldehyde, functional slow-release particle 25
Part, 30 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 40 parts of potassium sulfate, 8 parts of borax, 7 parts of zinc sulfate, 8 parts of ferric sulfate, 7 parts of magnesium sulfate；Mentioned component is mixed
Close uniformly, extruder grain, and spray a coating film liquid again in particle surface, form one layer of ureaformaldehyde coating layer.Coating liquid is by weight
Part meter is mixed by 100 parts of urea, 140 parts of mass concentration 38% formalin, 0.0005 part of inorganic acid, inorganic acid
Mixed by the sulfuric acid (concentration 98wt%) of 6 weight portions and the phosphoric acid (concentration 85wt%) of 4 weight portions.
The preparation method of described ureaformaldehyde is：According to urea：Formaldehyde=1.6:1 mol ratio, urea is added quality dense
Degree 38% is preheated in 28 DEG C of formalin, and added acid-catalyst adjusts pH to 5, is uniformly mixed, cooled, air-dried, mill
Broken, sieve, obtain the ureaformaldehyde of powdery；Acid catalyst is by weight by 6 parts of phosphoric acid (concentration 85wt%), 2 parts of sulfuric acid (concentration
98wt%), 4 parts of oxalic acid (concentration 15wt%) and 2 parts of acetic acid (concentration 38wt%) mix.
The preparation method of described functional slow-release particle is as follows：
(1) by bladder-wrack extract 100 weight portion, wormcast 40 weight portion, fly maggot excrement 80 weight portion, bamboo vinegar 25 weight
Part, humic acid 40 weight portion, 10 parts of dregs of beans, ramulus mori powder 20 weight portion, pine needle meal 15 weight portion and the stirring of molasses 30 weight portion are mixed
Conjunction is uniform to obtain mixture, and regulation to the water content that adds water in mixture obtains fermentation substrate for 60-65%.
(2) composite bacteria liquid is added to be uniformly mixed in fermentation substrate, composite bacteria liquid consumption is fermentation base in step (1)
Build at 8%, 25-35 DEG C of matter weight after heap ferments 7-14 days and obtain fermentate；Composite bacteria liquid is by EM bacterium solution (commercially available) and withered grass bud
Born of the same parents' bacillus liquid (commercially available) are according to 1:0.6 volume ratio mixes, viable count >=100,000,000/milliliter of EM bacterium solution, Ko subtilis bar
The viable count of bacterium solution >=100,000,000/milliliter.
(3) make particle after fermentate being dried, then particle is heat-treated, described heat treatment is with the liter of 5 DEG C/min
Warm ramp, to 160 DEG C, keeps 60min, obtains product after cooling.
The preparation method of described bladder-wrack extract is as follows：
(1) bladder-wrack dry product is pulverized to obtain bladder-wrack crushed material, by the citric acid of bladder-wrack crushed material and mass concentration 2%
Sodium solution is according to 1g：The proportioning mixing of 15mL, controls temperature 50 C, stirs 4 hours, filter, wash and must pre-process thing.
(2) by the sulfuric acid solution of pretreatment thing and mass concentration 12% according to 1g：The proportioning of 12mL mixes, and controls temperature
30 DEG C of degree, acidolysis 15min obtains acidolysis thing.
(3) by the sodium carbonate liquor of acidolysis thing and mass concentration 25% according to 1g：The proportioning mixing of 8mL, stirring reaction
25min, reduced pressure concentration, obtain bladder-wrack extract after freeze-drying.
Test：
Test the impact to index of activity for the 1 ureaformaldehyde production technology
The preparation method of ureaformaldehyde is：According to urea：Formaldehyde=1:1-1.6:1 mol ratio, urea is added quality dense
Degree 37% is preheated in 30 DEG C of formalin, and added acid-catalyst adjusts pH to 4.5, is uniformly mixed, cooled, air-dried,
Grind, sieve, obtain the ureaformaldehyde of powdery.
The mensure of cold water Nonsoluble nitrogen content：Weigh fertilizer 1.5g in the beaker in tall form of 50ml, after alcohol dampening, plus
Water 20ml, is placed in 20 DEG C of thermostat water bath, is frequently stirred, and filters, incline and wash 4-5 time, residue is washed after 15min
On filter paper.Filter paper and residue are together put into disappear and are boiled in pipe, use H2SO4-CuSO4-K2SO4- Se digests, and the way of distillation measures in residue
Total nitrogen content.
The mensure of hot water Nonsoluble nitrogen content：Weigh fertilizer 0.5g in the beaker in tall form of 200ml, add CaCO3About
0.5g, adds the KH that pH is 7.52PO4And K2HPO4Buffer solution 100ml, beaker is heated 30min, liquid level in cup in boiling water bath
It is immersed under boiling water bath, stir once every 10min, fast filtering after 30min, the KH being 7.5 with 100ml pH2PO4With
K2HPO4Residue is washed till on filter paper hot cushioning liquid.Filter paper and residue are together put into disappear and are boiled in pipe, use H2SO4-CuSO4-
K2SO4- Se digests, and the way of distillation measures the total nitrogen content in residue.Computing formula：(AI)=(cold water is insoluble for nitrogen index of activity
Nitrogen hot water Nonsoluble nitrogen) × 100/ cold water Nonsoluble nitrogen
Nitrogen in urea-formaldehyde fertilizer is made up of cold water soluble nitrogen, hot water solubility's nitrogen and hot water Nonsoluble nitrogen three part.
Wherein cold water is insoluble and hot water solubility's nitrogen content is higher, has that slow-release nitrogen is more, and index of activity is bigger.Urea is joined with formaldehyde
When 1.0 increase to 1.6, the total nitrogen content of product increases to 39.1% from 36.0% to ratio, and cold water Nonsoluble nitrogen and hot water are insoluble
Property nitrogen content is reduced to 21.3% and 9.1% from 35.9% and 33.8% respectively, and index of activity brings up to 57.5 (tables 1) from 5.8.
It can be seen that, the index of activity using this method gained ureaformaldehyde product is higher, containing more slow release nitrogen.
The impact comparing product index of activity of the amount of table 1 urea and formaldehyde different material
Test the impact to product index of activity for 2 acid catalysts：
Urea and formaldehyde are difficult to occur condensation reaction under conditions of neutrality, therefore common acid or this reaction of base catalysis,
And urea-formaldehyde fertilizer is generally condensed in acid condition and forms.Inorganic acid and organic acid all can catalyzing urea anti-with the condensation of formaldehyde
Should, when the ratio of urea and the amount of formaldehyde material is 1.4, using organic acid formic acid as catalyst, product cold water Nonsoluble nitrogen
Low with hot water Nonsoluble nitrogen content, index of activity is high；And use inorganic acid sulfuric acid as catalyst, product cold water Nonsoluble nitrogen and heat
Water-insoluble nitrogen content is high, index of activity low (table 2).Using this method mixing inorganic acid and organic acid as catalyst, institute
The product obtaining has preferable slow release nitrogen.
The impact to product index of activity for the when catalyst of the amount of table 2 urea and formaldehyde different material
Test the using effect of 3 products of the present invention：
4 process of experimental design：Do not apply fertilizer；Conventional Common compound fertilizer；Oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer is 1.；Oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer
②.Fertilizer amount is every plant of citrus trees 1.8kg, and oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer was disposably applied with oranges and tangerines steady fruit fertilizer in the first tenday period of a month in May；Often
Rule Common compound fertilizer applies at twice, a length of 1 month during fertilising interval.First in oranges and tangerines tree crown periphery during fertilising, excavate deep
Fertilizer is imposed on soil layer, then earthing in the form of ditch spread by the ditch of about 15cm.Test selects growing way basically identical 10 years
Raw citrus trees, quantity is often to process 10 plants.
Impact to citrus production：Test shows (table 3), applies the oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer of the present invention, citrus volume increase effect
Substantially, compared with not fertilizer treatment, 2. 1. oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer processed with oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer is orange yield to fruit respectively
Increase by 31.6% and 48.5%.Compared with processing with conventional Common compound fertilizer, 1. oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer processes yield increases
11.5%, 2. oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer processes yield increases by 25.9%.
The impact to citrus production for the table 3 oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer
Note：In table, different letter representation differences reach the level of signifiance (p=0.05).
Impact to Quality of Orange
Apply the index of quality (table 4) that oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer can effectively improve citrus.Apply oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer
Afterwards, it processes total sugar amount of citrus fruit, reduction sugar amount and solid content and all processes than conventional Common compound fertilizer and increases, and total
Acid amount and Vc content difference are inconspicuous.The oranges and tangerines sugar-acid ratio that Special slow release fertilizer is processed increases, and fruit taste flavor is preferable.
The impact to Quality of Orange for the table 4 oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer
Applying oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer has also affected (table 5) to the fruit shape size of citrus.Oranges and tangerines special fertilizer processes citrus
Fruit processes than conventional Common compound fertilizer and increases, and single fruit transverse diameter increases 0.4cm-0.5cm, and mean fruit weight increases 21-35g.With
When, oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer is processed due to stable market supply nutrient, and its fruit size is more well-balanced, the maximum really single fruit with fruitlet
Heavy phase differs from 79 grams and 83 grams, and conventional Common compound fertilizer is processed maximum fruit and differed with the single fruit weight of fruitlet and reaches 88 grams.
The impact to Fruit Shape In Citrus size for the table 5 oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer
Note：Single fruit transverse diameter and single fruit weight are the mean value of 10 plants of citrus fruits.
The soil supplying nutrient capability of oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer
Fertilising gathers soil analysis after 6 months and shows, conventional Common compound fertilizer processes total nitrogen content of soil and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen contains
Amount is substantially close with not fertilizer treatment, and the total soil nitrogen amount that oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer is processed and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content are more common than conventional
Composite fertilizer is processed substantially to be increased, and illustrates that the fertilizer nitrogen that conventional Common compound fertilizer is processed all discharges, and oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer
Processing in soil still has more Soil Nitrogen to remain, the nutrition (table 6) required for sustainable equilibrium supply citrus growth.
The residual quantity of table 6 Nitrogen
Note：Sample in fertilising point 20cm region.
Embodiment described above is one kind preferably scheme of the present invention, not the present invention is made any pro forma
Limit, also have other variants and remodeling on the premise of without departing from the technical scheme described in claim.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer it is characterised in that by weight, by following components mixing granulation and after film
?：100 parts of ureaformaldehyde, functional slow-release particle 20-30 part, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20-40 part, potassium sulfate 30-50 part, borax 5-10
Part, zinc sulfate 5-10 part, ferric sulfate 5-10 part, magnesium sulfate 5-10 part.
2. a kind of oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：The preparation method of described ureaformaldehyde
For：According to urea：Formaldehyde=1.4:1-1.6:1 mol ratio, urea is added the formalin of mass concentration 35-40% preheating
In, added acid-catalyst adjusts pH to 4-6, is uniformly mixed, cooled, air-dry, grind, sieving, and obtains the ureaformaldehyde of powdery.
3. a kind of oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer according to claim 2 it is characterised in that：Preheating formalin temperature be
25-30℃.
4. a kind of oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer according to claim 2 it is characterised in that：Acid catalyst is by weight by 5-
8 parts of phosphoric acid, 1-3 part sulfuric acid, 3-5 part oxalic acid and 1-3 part acetic acid mix.
5. a kind of oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer according to claim 1 and 2 it is characterised in that：Described functional slow-release particle
Preparation method as follows：
(1) by bladder-wrack extract 100 weight portion, wormcast 30-50 weight portion, fly maggot excrement 70-90 weight portion, bamboo vinegar 20-
30 weight portions, humic acid 30-50 weight portion, dregs of beans 8-15 part, ramulus mori powder 15-25 weight portion, pine needle meal 10-20 weight portion and sugar
Sweet 25-40 weight portion is uniformly mixed to obtain mixture, and the regulation that adds water in mixture must be fermented base to water content for 60-65%
Matter；
(2) add composite bacteria liquid to be uniformly mixed in fermentation substrate, build at 25-35 DEG C after heap ferments 7-14 days and must ferment
Thing；
(3) make particle after fermentate being dried, then particle is heat-treated, after cooling, obtain product.
6. a kind of oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer according to claim 5 it is characterised in that：Composite bacteria liquid consumption is step (1)
The 5-10% of middle fermentation substrate weight.
7. a kind of oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer according to claim 5 it is characterised in that：Composite bacteria liquid is by EM bacterium solution and withered grass
Bacillus liquid is according to 1:The volume ratio of 0.5-0.7 mixes, viable count >=100,000,000/milliliter of EM bacterium solution, Ko subtilis bar
The viable count of bacterium solution >=100,000,000/milliliter.
8. a kind of oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer according to claim 5 it is characterised in that：The described heat treatment of step (3) be with
The heating rate of 5-10 DEG C/min is warming up to 150-180 DEG C, keeps 50-70min.
9. a kind of oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer according to claim 5 it is characterised in that：The preparation of described bladder-wrack extract
Method is as follows：
(1) bladder-wrack dry product is pulverized to obtain bladder-wrack crushed material, by the sodium citrate of bladder-wrack crushed material and mass concentration 1-3%
Solution is according to 1g：The proportioning mixing of 10-20mL, controls temperature 45-50 DEG C, stirs 3-5 hour, filter, wash and must pre-process thing；
(2) by the sulfuric acid solution of pretreatment thing and mass concentration 10-15% according to 1g：The proportioning of 10-15mL mixes, and controls
Temperature 30-35 DEG C, acidolysis 10-20min obtains acidolysis thing；
(3) by the sodium carbonate liquor of acidolysis thing and mass concentration 20-30% according to 1g：The proportioning mixing of 5-10mL, stirring reaction
20-30min, reduced pressure concentration, obtain bladder-wrack extract after freeze-drying.
10. a kind of oranges and tangerines Special slow release fertilizer according to claim 1 and 2 it is characterised in that：The coating liquid that film uses is pressed
Weight portion meter by the urea of 80-110 part, the formalin of the mass concentration 38% of 120-160 part, 0.0001-0.001 part nothing
Machine acid mixes, and inorganic acid is mixed by the sulfuric acid of 5-7 weight portion and the phosphoric acid of 3-5 weight portion.
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| CN107556134A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2018-01-09 | 孝感市鲁建农业开发有限公司 | A kind of charcoal base manure for improving grape quality |
| CN107926443A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-20 | 钟山佳欣果蔬有限责任公司 | Use the method for slow-release fertilizer plantation citrus |
| CN111807912A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-10-23 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | High-fertilizer-efficiency organic fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112159267A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2021-01-01 | 中山大学 | Method for reducing pollution of sulfanilamide antibiotics and resistance genes thereof in maggot manure compost |
| CN113087564A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-07-09 | 湖北佳玛驰生态农业有限公司 | Controlled release fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115885750A (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-04-04 | 中国纺织科学研究院共青分院 | Preparation method of grass prevention cloth added with slow release fertilizer for navel orange planting |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107556134A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2018-01-09 | 孝感市鲁建农业开发有限公司 | A kind of charcoal base manure for improving grape quality |
| CN107926443A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-20 | 钟山佳欣果蔬有限责任公司 | Use the method for slow-release fertilizer plantation citrus |
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| CN113087564A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-07-09 | 湖北佳玛驰生态农业有限公司 | Controlled release fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115885750A (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-04-04 | 中国纺织科学研究院共青分院 | Preparation method of grass prevention cloth added with slow release fertilizer for navel orange planting |
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|---|---|
| CN106396835B (en) | 2018-06-15 |
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Application publication date: 20170215 Assignee: Huiduoli Agricultural Materials Co., Ltd Assignor: Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Contract record no.: X2020330000040 Denomination of invention: A slow release fertilizer specially used for citrus Granted publication date: 20180615 License type: Common License Record date: 20200604 |