CN113057080A - High-yield cultivation method for sweet potatoes - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method for sweet potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The invention provides a high-yield cultivation method of sweet potatoes, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing soil and applying fertilizer, applying a mixed fertilizer of decomposed poultry excrement, ammonium bicarbonate, plant ash and carbonized biochar; (2) transplanting sweet potato seedlings and rejuvenating; (3) in the ridge sealing period, additionally applying functional nutrient solution containing brassinolide and L-tryptophan; applying an organic fertilizer A in the root expanding period; it comprises decomposed poultry feces, rapeseed bran, tobacco leaf residue, mushroom residue, rice chaff ash and dolomite powder; in the later period of root tuber expansion, applying organic fertilizer B and functional nutrient solution; the organic fertilizer B comprises: decomposed cow dung, fermented biogas residues, rape straw ash, wormwood residues, oyster shell powder and diatomite; the sweet potato cultivation method provided by the invention not only increases the sweet potato yield, but also greatly improves the content of starch and soluble sugar, has the advantages of a glutinous taste, less silk floss, fragrant and sweet taste and uniform size, and realizes high-yield and high-quality cultivation of the sweet potatoes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting and cultivation, in particular to a high-yield cultivation method of sweet potatoes.
Background
Sweet potatoes, also known as sweet potatoes, sweet potatoes and the like, are one of agricultural products popular with consumers and contain abundant nutrient substances such as starch, protein, cellulose, various vitamins and the like. With the diversification of agricultural product markets, consumers are familiar with the nutrition and health care effects of sweet potatoes, the market demand is continuously increased, but the existing sweet potato cultivation technology has low yield and insufficient market supply, so that the sweet potatoes are high in price, and the problems that the starch and soluble sugar content of the produced sweet potatoes is reduced, the cooked glutinous performance and sweetness are low, more silks are contained, the mouthfeel is insufficient and the like are often caused while the high yield of sweet potato cultivation is sought, so that the high-yield sweet potato cultivation technology is provided, the sweet potato yield can be greatly increased, the starch content of the sweet potatoes can be increased, particularly the ratio of amylopectin to the total starch content is increased, the sweet potato cultivation technology has excellent powder glutinous performance, the effect of increasing the soluble sugar content of the sweet potatoes is realized, and the market supply and market economic benefits of the sweet potatoes are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the high-yield cultivation method of the sweet potatoes provided by the invention can obviously increase the starch content and the soluble sugar content, has the advantages of powdery and glutinous mouthfeel, less silk floss, fragrant and sweet taste and uniform size of the sweet potatoes, and realizes high-yield and high-quality cultivation of the sweet potatoes.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a high-yield cultivation method of sweet potatoes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing land preparation and fertilization, performing deep ploughing for 30-35 cm 2-3 weeks before planting, and applying a mixed fertilizer of decomposed poultry manure, ammonium bicarbonate, plant ash and carbonized biochar, wherein the application amount is 2000-2500 kg/mu; making ridges, and digging seedling raising pits on the ridges;
(2) transplanting and field planting: planting sweet potato seedlings into seedling growing pits in spring, exposing 3-5 leaves on the surface, and burying the rest part underground; the seedlings are slowed for 7-10 days, and the water content of the soil is controlled to be 60-70% by a dropper;
(3) the top dressing method comprises the following steps: in the ridge sealing period, applying functional nutrient solution, wherein the functional nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.1-0.3 part of brassinolide and 0.5-0.8 part of L-tryptophan, diluting the functional nutrient solution by 100-150 times, and spraying 80-100 kg/mu;
in the root tuber expansion period, applying the organic fertilizer A twice at intervals of 25-30 d, wherein 18.5-22.5 kg/mu is applied each time; the organic fertilizer A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-32 parts of decomposed poultry excrement, 5-7 parts of rapeseed bran, 3-7 parts of tobacco leaf residues, 4-8 parts of mushroom residues, 6-10 parts of rice chaff ash and 0.5-1.0 part of dolomite powder;
in the later root tuber expansion period, applying an organic fertilizer B and a functional nutrient solution, wherein the organic fertilizer B is applied for 36-42 kg/mu, the functional nutrient solution is diluted by 200-300 times and is sprayed every 10-12 days, and the application amount is 116-128 kg/mu; the organic fertilizer B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 34-38 parts of decomposed cow dung, 15-17 parts of fermented biogas residues, 8-10 parts of rape straw ash, 0.5-1 part of wormwood residues, 1-2 parts of oyster shell powder and 3-5 parts of diatomite; and stopping applying the functional nutrient solution 20-25 days before harvesting. The staged topdressing disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the topdressing functional nutrient solution containing the brassinolide and the L-tryptophan in a certain proportion is combined with the organic fertilizers A and B in a certain proportion in the ridge sealing period and the root tuber expansion period, so that the growth of stem leaves is ensured, the stem leaf recession in the later stage of root tuber expansion is delayed, the absorption and rapid expansion of nutrient substances of the root tuber are effectively promoted, the accumulation of starch and soluble sugar in the root tuber is remarkably increased, meanwhile, the growth of roots and stems is maintained and coordinated by controlling the application of a small amount of fertilizer in the later stage of root tuber expansion, the filament network of sweet potatoes is reduced, the taste of the sweet potatoes is improved, and the yield of the sweet potatoes is increased.
Further explaining, the mass ratio of the decomposed poultry manure to the ammonium bicarbonate, the plant ash and the carbonized biochar is as follows: 10:3:7:1, improving the nutrient content and structure of soil and promoting the growth of seedling stage.
Further explaining, the functional nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-14 parts of active humic acid, 8-10 parts of water-soluble chitosan, 7-9 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2-4 parts of pyroligneous liquor, 5-7 parts of urea, 0.1-0.3 part of brassinolide, 0.5-0.8 part of L-tryptophan, 0.3-0.5 part of naphthylacetic acid, 0.5-1.5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 203-5 parts of Tween-5 and 30-40 parts of water.
More preferably, the functional nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of active humic acid, 9 parts of water-soluble chitosan, 8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3 parts of pyroligneous liquor, 6 parts of urea, 0.2 part of brassinolide, 0.6 part of L-tryptophan, 0.4 part of naphthylacetic acid, 1.0 part of EM microbial inoculum, 204 parts of tween-204 and 35 parts of water.
Further, after the seedlings are planted for 45 days, 8-15 kg/mu of seedling raising fertilizer is lightly applied, wherein the seedling raising fertilizer is formed by compounding monopotassium phosphate, urea and calcium superphosphate according to the mass ratio of 2:0.5:3.5, and the growth of the root system in the seedling stage is promoted.
Further, in the branching stage, urea and potassium sulfate fertilizers are applied; applying 5-10 kg/mu of urea; and applying 5-12.5 kg/mu of potassium sulfate fertilizer. Promote branch and vine throwing, increase nutrient absorption of the rhizome, stimulate the growth of stem and leaf and the formation of root tuber.
Further, in the tendril throwing period, 15-20 kg/mu of potassium fertilizer is applied; the potassium fertilizer is prepared by compounding dipotassium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to the mass ratio of 3:1, the growth of seedling vines is promoted, the growth of underground parts is enhanced, and the accumulation of root tuber nutrients is improved.
Further, the planting density of the sweet potato seedlings is 3500-6000 seedlings/mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, under the condition of applying a certain organic compound base fertilizer, the topdressing management of the sweet potato in the growth stage is further effectively controlled, the staged topdressing treatment of the sweet potato in the key growth period is carried out, and functional nutrient solution containing brassinolide and L-tryptophan is mutually combined with different organic fertilizers, so that the organic regulation and control of overground and underground part growth of the sweet potato are realized, the growth of stems and leaves and the rapid expansion of root tubers are synchronously promoted, the accumulation of starch and saccharides is increased, and the yield of the root tubers is increased; therefore, the yield of the sweet potatoes is greatly improved, the content of nutrient substances of the sweet potatoes is improved, the starch content and the soluble sugar content are obviously increased, the ratio of amylopectin to the total starch content is increased, the sweet potatoes are glutinous in taste, less in silk floss and sweet in taste, the sizes of the sweet potatoes are uniform, and the high-yield and high-quality cultivation of the sweet potatoes is realized.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Example 1-a high-yield cultivation method of sweet potato, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing land and applying fertilizer, deeply ploughing for 30cm 2 weeks before planting, and applying mixed fertilizer of decomposed poultry manure, ammonium bicarbonate, plant ash and carbonized biochar at an application amount of 2000 kg/mu; making ridges, and digging seedling raising pits on the ridges;
(2) transplanting and field planting: planting sweet potato seedlings into seedling growing pits in spring, exposing 3 leaves on the surface, burying the rest part underground, and planting the sweet potato seedlings with planting density of 3500 seedlings/mu; the seedlings are slowed for 7 days, and the water content of the soil is controlled to be 60 percent by adopting a dropper;
(3) the top dressing method comprises the following steps: in the ridge sealing period, applying functional nutrient solution, wherein the functional nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.1 part of brassinolide and 0.5 part of L-tryptophan, diluting the functional nutrient solution by 100 times and spraying 80 kg/mu;
in the root tuber expansion period, applying the organic fertilizer A twice at an interval of 25d, and applying 18.5 kg/mu each time; the organic fertilizer A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of decomposed poultry manure, 5 parts of rapeseed bran, 3 parts of tobacco leaf residue, 4 parts of mushroom residue, 6-parts of rice chaff ash and 0.5 part of dolomite powder;
in the later stage of root tuber expansion, applying an organic fertilizer B and a functional nutrient solution, wherein the organic fertilizer B is applied for 36 kg/mu, the functional nutrient solution is diluted by 200 times and is sprayed every 10 days, and the application amount is 116 kg/mu; the organic fertilizer B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 34 parts of decomposed cow dung, 15 parts of fermented biogas residues, 8 parts of rape straw ash, 0.5 part of wormwood residues, 1 part of oyster shell powder and 3 parts of diatomite; the application of functional nutrient solution was stopped 20 days before harvest.
Example 2-a high-yield cultivation method of sweet potato, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing land and applying fertilizer, deeply ploughing for 35cm 3 weeks before planting, and applying mixed fertilizer formed by mixing decomposed poultry manure, ammonium bicarbonate, plant ash and carbonized biochar according to the mass ratio of 10:3:7:1, wherein the application amount is 2500 kg/mu; making ridges, and digging seedling raising pits on the ridges;
(2) transplanting and field planting: planting sweet potato seedlings into seedling growing pits in spring, exposing 5 leaves on the surface, burying the rest part underground, and planting at a planting density of 6000 seedlings/mu; the seedlings are slowed for 10 days, and the water content of the soil is controlled to be 70 percent by adopting a dropper;
(3) the top dressing method comprises the following steps: in a ridge sealing period, additionally applying a functional nutrient solution, diluting the functional nutrient solution by 150 times, and spraying 80-100 kg/mu; the functional nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of active humic acid, 8 parts of water-soluble chitosan, 7 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of pyroligneous liquor, 5 parts of urea, 0.1 part of brassinolide, 0.5 part of L-tryptophan, 0.3 part of naphthylacetic acid, 0.5 part of EM microbial inoculum, 203 parts of tween-203 and 30 parts of water;
in the root tuber expansion period, applying the organic fertilizer A twice at intervals of 30d, and applying 22.5 kg/mu each time; the organic fertilizer A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 32 parts of decomposed poultry manure, 7 parts of rapeseed bran, 7 parts of tobacco leaf residue, 8 parts of mushroom residue, 10 parts of rice chaff ash and 1 part of dolomite powder;
in the later stage of root tuber expansion, applying an organic fertilizer B and a functional nutrient solution, wherein the organic fertilizer B is applied at 42 kg/mu, the functional nutrient solution is diluted by 300 times, and the organic fertilizer B is sprayed every 12 days, and the application amount is 128 kg/mu; the organic fertilizer B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 38 parts of decomposed cow dung, 17 parts of fermented biogas residues, 10 parts of rape straw ash, 1 part of wormwood residues, 2 parts of oyster shell powder and 5 parts of diatomite; the application of functional nutrient solution was stopped 25d before harvest.
Example 3-a high-yield cultivation method of sweet potato, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing land and applying fertilizer, deeply ploughing for 35cm 3 weeks before planting, and applying mixed fertilizer formed by mixing decomposed poultry manure, ammonium bicarbonate, plant ash and carbonized biochar according to the mass ratio of 10:3:7:1, wherein the application amount is 2280 kg/mu; making ridges, and digging seedling raising pits on the ridges;
(2) transplanting and field planting: planting sweet potato seedlings into seedling growing pits in spring, exposing 4 leaves on the surface, burying the rest part underground, and planting at a planting density of 4700 seedlings/mu; c, seedling recovering for 8 days, and controlling the water content of the soil to be 65% by adopting a dropper;
(3) the top dressing method comprises the following steps:
after seedlings are planted for 45 days, slightly applying 8 kg/mu of seedling-lifting fertilizer, wherein the seedling-lifting fertilizer is prepared by compounding potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea and calcium superphosphate according to the mass ratio of 2:0.5: 3.5;
in the ridge sealing period, additionally applying functional nutrient solution, diluting the functional nutrient solution by 150 times, and spraying 90 kg/mu; the functional nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14 parts of active humic acid, 10 parts of water-soluble chitosan, 9 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 4 parts of pyroligneous liquor, 7 parts of urea, 0.3 part of brassinolide, 0.8 part of L-tryptophan, 0.5 part of naphthylacetic acid, 1.5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 205 parts of tween-205 and 40 parts of water;
in the root tuber expansion period, applying the organic fertilizer A twice at intervals of 28 days, wherein 20.5 kg/mu of organic fertilizer A is applied each time; the organic fertilizer A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of decomposed poultry manure, 6 parts of rapeseed bran, 5 parts of tobacco leaf residue, 6 parts of mushroom residue, 8 parts of rice chaff ash and 0.6 part of dolomite powder;
in the later stage of root tuber expansion, applying an organic fertilizer B and a functional nutrient solution, wherein the organic fertilizer B is applied at 40 kg/mu, the functional nutrient solution is diluted by 300 times, and the organic fertilizer B is sprayed every 11 days, and the application amount is 120 kg/mu; the organic fertilizer B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 36 parts of decomposed cow dung, 16 parts of fermented biogas residues, 9 parts of rape straw ash, 0.8 part of wormwood residues, 1.5 parts of oyster shell powder and 4 parts of diatomite; the application of functional nutrient solution was stopped 22d before harvest.
Example 4-a high-yield cultivation method of sweet potato, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing land and applying fertilizer, deeply ploughing for 35cm 3 weeks before planting, and applying mixed fertilizer formed by mixing decomposed poultry manure, ammonium bicarbonate, plant ash and carbonized biochar according to the mass ratio of 10:3:7:1, wherein the application amount is 2280 kg/mu; making ridges, and digging seedling raising pits on the ridges;
(2) transplanting and field planting: planting sweet potato seedlings into seedling growing pits in spring, exposing 4 leaves on the surface, burying the rest part underground, and planting at a planting density of 4700 seedlings/mu; c, seedling recovering for 8 days, and controlling the water content of the soil to be 65% by adopting a dropper;
(3) the top dressing method comprises the following steps:
after seedlings are planted for 45 days, 15 kg/mu of seedling raising fertilizer is lightly applied, and the seedling raising fertilizer is prepared by compounding monopotassium phosphate, urea and calcium superphosphate according to the mass ratio of 2:0.5: 3.5;
in the ridge sealing period, additionally applying functional nutrient solution, diluting the functional nutrient solution by 150 times, and spraying 90 kg/mu; the functional nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of active humic acid, 9 parts of water-soluble chitosan, 8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3 parts of pyroligneous liquor, 6 parts of urea, 0.2 part of brassinolide, 0.6 part of L-tryptophan, 0.4 part of naphthylacetic acid, 1.0 part of EM microbial inoculum, 204 parts of tween-204 and 35 parts of water;
in the root tuber expansion period, applying the organic fertilizer A twice at intervals of 28 days, wherein 20.5 kg/mu of organic fertilizer A is applied each time; the organic fertilizer A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of decomposed poultry manure, 6 parts of rapeseed bran, 5 parts of tobacco leaf residue, 6 parts of mushroom residue, 8 parts of rice chaff ash and 0.6 part of dolomite powder;
in the later stage of root tuber expansion, applying an organic fertilizer B and a functional nutrient solution, wherein the organic fertilizer B is applied at 40 kg/mu, the functional nutrient solution is diluted by 300 times, and the organic fertilizer B is sprayed every 11 days, and the application amount is 120 kg/mu; the organic fertilizer B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 36 parts of decomposed cow dung, 16 parts of fermented biogas residues, 9 parts of rape straw ash, 0.8 part of wormwood residues, 1.5 parts of oyster shell powder and 4 parts of diatomite; the application of functional nutrient solution was stopped 22d before harvest.
Example 5-a high-yield cultivation method of sweet potato, which is different from example 4 in that: and (3) after the seedlings are planted for 45 days, lightly applying 8-15 kg/mu of a seedling raising fertilizer, wherein the seedling raising fertilizer is prepared by compounding monopotassium phosphate, urea and calcium superphosphate according to the mass ratio of 2:0.5: 3.5.
Example 6 a high-yield cultivation method of sweet potato, which is different from example 4 in that: in the tendril throwing period, additionally applying 15-20 kg/mu of potassium fertilizer; the potassium fertilizer is prepared by compounding dipotassium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.
Comparative example 1-a high-yield cultivation method of sweet potato, which is different from example 4 in that: the single decomposed poultry manure is adopted to replace an organic fertilizer A and an organic fertilizer B, and the stage additional fertilization is carried out according to the method of the embodiment 4 and the functional nutrient solution with the brassinolide and the L-tryptophan.
Comparative example 2-a high-yield cultivation method of sweet potato, which is different from example 4 in that: in the fertilizing method, the functional nutrient solution is not applied in the ridge sealing period.
Comparative example 3-a high-yield cultivation method of sweet potato, which is different from example 4 in that: in the topdressing method, the same amount of functional nutrient solution is applied at one time at the later stage of the root tuber swelling period.
The field cultivation experiment of flowering sweet potatoes was carried out according to the cultivation method of examples and comparative examples, 3 replicate experimental fields were set for each group, the respective sweet potato yields after harvesting were counted separately, and the soluble sugar, starch content and amylopectin ratio of sweet potatoes were measured to evaluate the quality of sweet potatoes, the results of which are as follows:
from the results in the table, the sweet potato cultivation method disclosed by the embodiment 2-6 has the advantages that the sweet potato yield per mu can reach 4394 kg/mu, the starch content and the soluble sugar of the sweet potato are obviously increased, the amylopectin content is increased, the silk pith is less, the powder glutinousness of the sweet potato is improved, the taste is sweet, and the sweet potato is uniform in size. The sweet potato yield, total starch content and its soluble sugar content in comparative example 1 were significantly reduced; the obvious proportion of amylopectin to the total starch in the comparative examples 2-3 is reduced, the waxy mouthfeel is insufficient, and the total starch content and soluble sugar in the comparative example 3 are also obviously reduced, which shows that the functional nutrient solution containing brassinolide and L-tryptophan are mutually combined with different organic fertilizers in the staged additional fertilization treatment of the sweet potato in the key growth period, so that the yield of the sweet potato is favorably improved, the accumulation of starch and saccharides is effectively promoted, the mouthfeel of the sweet potato is improved, and the high quality and the high yield of the sweet potato are realized.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. A high-yield cultivation method of sweet potatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) performing land preparation and fertilization, performing deep ploughing for 30-35 cm 2-3 weeks before planting, and applying a mixed fertilizer of decomposed poultry manure, ammonium bicarbonate, plant ash and carbonized biochar, wherein the application amount is 2000-2500 kg/mu; making ridges, and digging seedling raising pits on the ridges;
(2) transplanting and field planting: planting sweet potato seedlings into seedling growing pits in spring, exposing 3-5 leaves on the surface, and burying the rest part underground; the seedlings are slowed for 7-10 days, and the water content of the soil is controlled to be 60-70% by a dropper;
(3) the top dressing method comprises the following steps: in the ridge sealing period, applying functional nutrient solution, wherein the functional nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.1-0.3 part of brassinolide and 0.5-0.8 part of L-tryptophan, diluting the functional nutrient solution by 100-150 times, and spraying 80-100 kg/mu;
in the root tuber expansion period, applying the organic fertilizer A twice at intervals of 25-30 d, wherein 18.5-22.5 kg/mu is applied each time; the organic fertilizer A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-32 parts of decomposed poultry excrement, 5-7 parts of rapeseed bran, 3-7 parts of tobacco leaf residues, 4-8 parts of mushroom residues, 6-10 parts of rice chaff ash and 0.5-1.0 part of dolomite powder;
in the later root tuber expansion period, applying an organic fertilizer B and a functional nutrient solution, wherein the organic fertilizer B is applied for 36-42 kg/mu, the functional nutrient solution is diluted by 200-300 times and is sprayed every 10-12 days, and the application amount is 116-128 kg/mu; the organic fertilizer B comprises the following components in parts by weight: 34-38 parts of decomposed cow dung, 15-17 parts of fermented biogas residues, 8-10 parts of rape straw ash, 0.5-1 part of wormwood residues, 1-2 parts of oyster shell powder and 3-5 parts of diatomite; and stopping applying the functional nutrient solution 20-25 days before harvesting.
2. The method for high-yield cultivation of sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the decomposed poultry manure to the ammonium bicarbonate to the plant ash to the carbonized charcoal is 10:3:7: 1.
3. The method for high-yield cultivation of sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the functional nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-14 parts of active humic acid, 8-10 parts of water-soluble chitosan, 7-9 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2-4 parts of pyroligneous liquor, 5-7 parts of urea, 0.1-0.3 part of brassinolide, 0.5-0.8 part of L-tryptophan, 0.3-0.5 part of naphthylacetic acid, 0.5-1.5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 203-5 parts of Tween-5 and 30-40 parts of water.
4. The method for high-yield cultivation of sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the functional nutrient solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of active humic acid, 9 parts of water-soluble chitosan, 8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 3 parts of pyroligneous liquor, 6 parts of urea, 0.2 part of brassinolide, 0.6 part of L-tryptophan, 0.4 part of naphthylacetic acid, 1.0 part of EM microbial inoculum, 204 parts of tween-204 and 35 parts of water.
5. The method for high-yield cultivation of sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and after the seedlings are planted for 45 days, lightly applying 8-15 kg/mu of seedling-lifting fertilizer, wherein the seedling-lifting fertilizer is prepared by compounding monopotassium phosphate, urea and calcium superphosphate according to the mass ratio of 2:0.5: 3.5.
6. The method for high-yield cultivation of sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the branching stage, urea and potassium sulfate fertilizers are applied; applying 5-10 kg/mu of urea; and applying 5-12.5 kg/mu of potassium sulfate fertilizer.
7. The method for high-yield cultivation of sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the tendril throwing period, additionally applying 15-20 kg/mu of potassium fertilizer; the potassium fertilizer is prepared by compounding dipotassium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.
8. The method for high-yield cultivation of sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the planting density of the sweet potato seedlings is 3500-6000 seedlings/mu.
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