CN112980431B - 一种基于环三聚磷腈的荧光材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种基于环三聚磷腈的荧光材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于荧光探针领域,公开了一种基于环三聚磷腈的荧光材料的制备方法及其溶酶体靶向的应用。二(2,2‑二羟基联苯)‑二(2‑(4‑羟基苯乙基)‑6‑吗啉代‑1H‑苯并[异]喹啉‑1,3(2H)‑二酮基)‑环三磷腈化学性质稳定,在酸性条件下,有良好的荧光强度,进入细胞后,高效靶向溶酶体,同时含磷荧光化合物,在一定浓度条件下未见对细胞的明显毒性,具有良好探针的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于荧光探针领域,特别涉及一种基于环三聚磷腈的荧光材料的制备方法及其溶酶体靶向的应用。
背景技术
溶酶体是具有单层膜囊状结构的细胞器,内含多种水解酶,可分解蛋白质、核酸、多糖等生物大分子。溶酶体参与生命活动中很多重要过程如细胞内物质运输、代谢、细胞凋亡、自体吞噬等。异常的溶酶体pH变化则常常与矽肺、风湿,癌症、炎症等疾病密切相关。因此,溶酶体的定位研究具有十分重要的生物学和医学价值。荧光方法作为生命过程"可视化"的重要方法之一,由于其高灵敏性及可应用于活细胞成像等优点,已成为检测细胞内溶酶体的一种重要方法。如吖啶橙、中性红染料及LysoTracker系列荧光探针已商业化。因此,开发多样化溶酶体定位的荧光探针显得非常必要。
六氯环三磷腈环(N3P3Cl6,HCCP)是一种经典的含磷杂环化合物,可通过选择性取代而易功能化,生成各种含磷衍生物,可广泛应用于阻燃,催化,生物,医学和成像领域。近年来,随着荧光的发展,环三聚磷腈环已发展成为一种通用的功能平台,可以用多种功能衍生物制备用于荧光检测和成像领域。当与各种不同类型的荧光团连接时,环三磷腈的衍生物通常呈现出与单体不同的特殊光学性质。此外调研文献可知,萘酰亚胺类衍生物具有性能优良的荧光特性,广泛应用于荧光分子的构建;吗啉结构的分子嗜酸性,具有一定的溶酶体选择性。基于以上性质我们致力于开发一种基于环三聚磷腈,接枝萘酰亚胺-吗啉基团的荧光材料,应用于高效探测溶酶体。
检索国内外文献尚没有发现关于利用基于环三聚磷腈的荧光材料用于溶酶体靶向的研究报道。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种基于环三聚磷腈的荧光材料并将其应用于溶酶体靶向的荧光标记物。
一种基于环三聚磷腈的荧光材料,即二(2,2-二羟基联苯)-二(2-(4-羟基苯乙基)-6-吗啉代-1H-苯并[异]喹啉-1,3(2H)-二酮基)-环三磷腈,具有如式I所示的结构。
上述基于环三聚磷腈并有吗啉修饰末端基团的荧光材料化学性质稳定,在酸性条件下,有良好的荧光强度;进入细胞后,高效靶向溶酶体;同时含磷荧光化合物,在一定浓度条件下未见对细胞的明显毒性;具有良好探针的应用前景,可用于制备溶酶体靶向的荧光标记物或荧光探针。
上述基于环三聚磷腈的荧光材料的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)4-溴-1,8-萘二甲酸酐与吗啉生成6-吗啉代-1H,3H-苯并异戊烯-1,3-二酮;
(2)6-吗啉代-1H,3H-苯并异戊烯-1,3-二酮与对羟基苯乙胺生成2-(4-羟基苯乙基)-6-吗啉代-1H-苯并[异]喹啉-1,3(2H)-二酮;
(3)以2-(4-羟基苯乙基)-6-吗啉代-1H-苯并[异]喹啉-1,3(2H)-二酮与二氯二(2,2-二羟基联苯)-环三磷腈为原料,加入催化剂反应生成产物。
优选的,步骤(1)反应条件为:保护气氛下,4-溴-1,8-萘二甲酸酐与吗啉溶液混合,100-150℃反应。吗啉溶解于乙二醇单甲醚中。保护气为氮气或惰性气体。
优选的,步骤(2)反应条件为,6-吗啉代-1H,3H-苯并异戊烯-1,3-二酮与对羟基苯乙胺溶解于醇中,40-80℃反应。优选为甲醇或乙醇。
优选的,步骤(3)反应条件为,将无水碳酸铯在无水无氧条件下,加入溶解于有机溶剂的2-(4-羟基苯乙基)-6-吗啉代-1H-苯并[异]喹啉-1,3(2H)-二酮,再加入溶解于有机溶剂的二氯二(2,2-二羟基联苯)-环三磷腈,40-80℃下反应8-16小时。优选为四氢呋喃。
二氯二(2,2-二羟基联苯)-环三磷腈的制备方法为:六氯环三磷腈与联苯二酚溶解于四氢呋喃溶液,以无水碳酸铯为催化剂,冰浴条件下混合,40-80℃反应。粗产物经过层析。
制备上述基于环三聚磷腈的荧光材料的中间体,其特征在于,为式II所示的化合物2-(4-羟基苯乙基)-6-吗啉代-1H-苯并[异]喹啉-1,3(2H)-二酮。
(1)4-溴-1,8-萘二甲酸酐与吗啉生成6-吗啉代-1H,3H-苯并异戊烯-1,3-二酮;
(2)6-吗啉代-1H,3H-苯并异戊烯-1,3-二酮与对羟基苯乙胺生成2-(4-羟基苯乙基)-6-吗啉代-1H-苯并[异]喹啉-1,3(2H)-二酮。
本发明利用了环磷腈的磷平台,制备出一种基于环三聚磷腈并有吗啉修饰末端基团的荧光材料,进行溶酶体靶向的应用。该材料合成方法易于操作,制备产率高,成本低廉,原料来源广泛,检测效率高等优点,具有良好的发展前景。这类环三聚磷腈的荧光材料因特有的磷平台,而使材料化学性质稳定,极大地提高了检测效率。
本发明的方法简单,反应可控性强,易于操作分离,成本低廉,终产物分子量均一,原料来源商品化,具有良好的发展前景;本发明制备得到的环三聚磷腈的荧光化合物材料,化学性质稳定,在酸性条件下,有良好的荧光强度,进入细胞后,高效靶向溶酶体,同时含磷荧光化合物,在一定浓度条件下未见对细胞的明显毒性,具有良好探针的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中的MNI的核磁共振氢谱图;
图2为实施例1中的MNI的碳谱图;
图3为实施例1中的HCCP-4的核磁共振氢谱图;
图4为实施例1中的HCCP-4的磷谱图;
图5为实施例1中的HCCP-4的碳谱图;
图6为实施例1中的HCCP-MNI的核磁共振氢谱图;
图7为实施例1中的HCCP-MNI的磷谱图;
图8为实施例1中的HCCP-MNI的碳谱图;
图9为实施例1中的MNI(A)和HCCP-MNI(B)的荧光光谱图;
图10为实施例2中HCCP-MNI在不同pH条件下的荧光强度示意图;
图11为实施例2中MNI和HCCP-MNI的表面电势(A)与水动力学粒径(B)图;
图12为实施例4中MNI和HCCP-MNI对L929细胞活力的抑制效果;
图13为实施例5中共聚焦显微镜观察细胞摄取效果图;
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
(1)称取4-溴-1,8-萘二甲酸酐(1mmol)置于氮气保护的反应瓶中,用注射器吸取吗啉(1.2mmol)的乙二醇单甲醚(15ml)溶液,注入反应瓶中,120℃加热缓慢搅拌5小时,旋蒸,浓缩,得到粗产物,用15ml乙醇单溶剂重结晶,过滤,真空干燥,得到产物1,即6-吗啉代-1H,3H-苯并异戊烯-1,3-二酮;产率91%。
(2)将步骤(1)得到的产物1(1mmol),与对羟基苯乙胺(1.2mmol)一起溶解于甲醇(15ml)溶液中,60℃加热缓慢搅拌6小时,过滤,干燥,得到产物MNI,即2-(4-羟基苯乙基)-6-吗啉代-1H-苯并[异]喹啉-1,3(2H)-二酮;产率96%。
(3)将无水碳酸铯(5mmol)置于无水无氧的氮气保护反应瓶中,冰浴条件下,加入10mL溶有六氯环三磷腈(1mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液并搅拌,半小时后再加入10ml溶有联苯二酚(2.5mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液,移出冰浴恢复室温后,在60℃下反应4小时,用磷谱检测反应进程,反应结束后,静置除去沉淀的盐类,收集上清液,旋蒸,浓缩,得到粗产物,采用溶剂为体积比为2:1的石油醚和乙酸乙酯的柱层析进行纯化,干燥,最终得到白色晶体产物HCCP-4,即二氯二(2,2-二羟基联苯)-环三磷腈;产率92%。
(4)将无水碳酸铯(9mmol)置于无水无氧的氮气保护反应瓶中,冰浴条件下,加入15mL溶有步骤(2)所得产物MNI(4.5mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液并搅拌,半小时后,再加入10mL溶有步骤(3)中所得产物HCCP-4(1mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液,移出冰浴恢复室温后,在60℃下反应12小时,用磷谱检测反应进程,反应结束后,除去沉淀的盐类,收集上清液,旋蒸,浓缩,得到粗产物,用溶剂为体积比为50:1的二氯甲烷和甲醇的柱层析进行纯化,干燥,得到化合物HCCP-MNI(二(2,2-二羟基联苯)-二(2-(4-羟基苯乙基)-6-吗啉代-1H-苯并[异]喹啉-1,3(2H)-二酮基)-环三磷腈),产率90%。
合成路线如下:
本发明使用400MHz核磁共振仪进行氢谱(1H NMR)、磷谱(31P NMR)、碳谱(13C NMR)测试,结果如下:
产物1,即6-吗啉代-1H,3H-苯并异戊烯-1,3-二酮的核磁结果(1H NMR和13C NMR)(溶剂DMSO-d6)如下。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=8.45–8.40(m,1H),8.39–8.30(m,2H),7.69(s,1H),7.26(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),3.81(t,J=9.2,6.1,3.4Hz,4H),3.13(t,J=6.0,3.3,2.0Hz,4H)ppm.
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ=164.38,149.71,131.46,130.05,129.98,129.19,128.76,126.33,121.18,115.10,114.90,66.90,50.77ppm.
化合物MNI即2-(4-羟基苯乙基)-6-吗啉代-1H-苯并[异]喹啉-1,3(2H)-二酮的核磁谱图(溶剂DMSO-d6)如图1(1H NMR)和图2(13C NMR)所示。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ=9.22(s,1H),8.53–8.36(m,3H),7.81(dd,J=8.4,7.3Hz,1H),7.35(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.19–6.95(m,2H),6.80–6.50(m,2H),4.29–4.05(m,2H),3.91(t,J=4.5Hz,4H),3.27–3.15(m,4H),2.92–2.64(m,2H)ppm.
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ=170.77,163.87,163.35,156.24,155.92,132.63,131.12,131.00,129.95,129.59,129.30,126.57,125.79,123.07,116.34,115.72,115.58,66.67,60.20,53.51,49.06,41.61,33.23,21.21,14.55ppm.
化合物HCCP-4,即二氯二(2,2-二羟基联苯)-环三磷腈的核磁谱图(溶剂DMSO-d6)如图3(1H NMR)、图4(31P NMR)和图5(13C NMR)所示。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ=7.37-7.58(m,16H)ppm;
31P NMR(162MHz,CDCl3)δ=29.22(dd,1P,PCl2),19.44[d,2P,P(O2C12H8)]ppm;
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ=147.80,129.85,128.59,126.48,121.83ppm.
化合物HCCP-MNI,即二(2,2-二羟基联苯)-二(2-(4-羟基苯乙基)-6-吗啉代-1H-苯并[异]喹啉-1,3(2H)-二酮基)-环三磷腈的核磁谱图(溶剂DMSO-d6)如图6(1H NMR)、图7(31P NMR)和图8(13C NMR)所示。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ=8.45(d,J=7.9Hz,4H),8.39(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.76(t,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.66(dd,J=7.7,1.8Hz,4H),7.51(td,J=7.7,1.7Hz,4H),7.43(dd,J=8.1,5.6Hz,8H),7.31(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.28–7.21(m,4H),7.13(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),4.29(t,J=7.8Hz,4H),3.90(t,J=4.4Hz,8H),3.19(t,J=4.5Hz,8H),2.99(t,J=7.7Hz,4H)ppm;
31P NMR(162MHz,DMSO-d6)δ=25.59,25.02,10.44,9.88,9.30ppm;
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ=163.93,163.41,155.92,149.08,149.01,147.74,147.70,147.66,136.73,132.64,131.13,130.99,130.61,130.28,129.61,128.36,127.02,126.49,125.77,123.02,122.11,121.23,121.19,116.29,115.53,66.66,60.19,53.48,41.15,33.37,30.33,21.20,14.54ppm.
实施例2
制备MNI和HCCP-MNI浓度为1mmol/L的储备液,溶剂为二甲基亚砜,分别将制备的储备液取20μL加不同溶剂稀释至2mL,材料最终浓度为0.01mmol/L。荧光分光光度计测定激发波长为390nm,激发带宽5nm,发射带宽2nm。若以Dimroth ET(30)值作为溶剂的极性参数,与MNI和HCCP-MNI在不同溶剂中的荧光光谱峰值波长λmax作图,如图9所示,(A)为HCCP-MNI,(B)为MNI。结果显示在不同的溶剂条件下荧光光谱峰值波长λmax与ET(30)呈线性关系。
取HCCP-MNI浓度为1mmol/L的储备液,加入到pH为4-9的PBS缓冲溶液中,以HCCP-MNI的荧光光谱为纵坐标作图,如图10所示。结果显示,HCCP-MNI在不同的pH条件下的荧光状态稳定,并且在酸性条件下,亮度更强,有利于溶酶体靶向。取制备MNI和HCCP-MNI浓度为1mmol/L的储备液,以超纯水为分散相,稀释到二甲基亚砜含量为1%,通过马尔文激光粒度仪(Malvern,ΜK,633nm激光)对其水动力学粒径及表面电势进行了表征,如图11的(A)和(B)。结果证明,HCCP-MNI毒性比较低。
实施例3
本实施例利用CCK-8法评价MNI和HCCP-MNI对小鼠成纤维细胞(L929)抑制效果:收集对数生长期L929细胞,按照10,000细胞每孔的密度接种在96孔细胞培养板上,培养于含10%FBS和1%双抗的RPMI 1640培养基中,于5%CO2,37℃条件下孵育过夜。弃掉培养基后,每孔更换含有材料(相对MNI浓度为2.5、5、7.5、10、12.5、15、17.5、20、22.5、25μM)或PBS(对照组)的新鲜培养基,5%CO2,37℃继续孵育12小时。随后弃掉原培养基,加入含100μL含有10%CCK-8的新鲜培养基溶液,继续培养4h后,多功能酶标仪测试波长450nm下测试吸光值,结果如图12所示。
与PBS缓冲溶液对照组相比,在试验浓度范围内HCCP-MNI处理过的L929细胞,其存活率均在80%以上,说明HCCP-MNI本身没有毒性,具有更高的生物安全性。因此HCCP-MNI可以在细胞内行使其生物学功能。
实施例4
以L929细胞为模型细胞来检验细胞对MNI和HCCP-MNI的吞噬效果。以15×105/孔的密度将L929细胞种于直径35mm激光共聚焦专用培养皿中,于37℃及5%CO2条件下培养过夜。随后将培养基换成1000μL含浓度为10%FBS的RPMI 1640培养基,培养基中分别加入MNI、HCCP-MNI材料加入细胞中转染4h。使用PBS缓冲溶液清洗细胞,之后用商业溶酶体染色液染色1h,使用PBS缓冲溶液清洗细胞,每个培养皿加入200μL,2.5%的戊二醛固定液,固定5min,去除固定液,用DAPI和商业溶酶体染色液染色。激光共聚焦显微镜观察两种材料在L929细胞内的分布情况(如图13)。
结果显示,将MNI和HCCP-MNI与细胞培养4h后,HCCP-MNI的绿色荧光分布在细胞胞浆中。那么可以说明HCCP-MNI能够很好地进入细胞,并且进入细胞后与商业溶酶体探针对比显现出优异的溶酶体选择性。
Claims (10)
3.权利要求1所述基于环三聚磷腈的荧光材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)4-溴-1,8-萘二甲酸酐与吗啉生成6-吗啉代-1H,3H-苯并异戊烯-1,3-二酮;
(2)6-吗啉代-1H,3H-苯并异戊烯-1,3-二酮与对羟基苯乙胺生成2-(4-羟基苯乙基)-6-吗啉代-1H-苯并[异]喹啉-1,3(2H)-二酮;
(3)以2-(4-羟基苯乙基)-6-吗啉代-1H-苯并[异]喹啉-1,3(2H)-二酮和二氯二(2,2-二羟基联苯)-环三磷腈为原料,加入催化剂反应生成产物。
4.权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)的反应条件为:保护气氛下,4-溴-1,8-萘二甲酸酐与吗啉溶液混合,100-150℃反应。
5.权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,吗啉溶解于乙二醇单甲醚中。
6.权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)反应条件为,6-吗啉代-1H,3H-苯并异戊烯-1,3-二酮与对羟基苯乙胺溶解于醇中,40-80℃反应。
7.权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)的反应条件为:将无水碳酸铯在无水无氧条件下,加入溶解于有机溶剂的2-(4-羟基苯乙基)-6-吗啉代-1H-苯并[异]喹啉-1,3(2H)-二酮,再加入溶解于有机溶剂的二氯二(2,2-二羟基联苯)-环三磷腈,40-80℃下反应8-16小时。
8.权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,有机溶剂为四氢呋喃。
9.权利要求2所述中间体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)4-溴-1,8-萘二甲酸酐与吗啉生成6-吗啉代-1H,3H-苯并异戊烯-1,3-二酮;
(2)6-吗啉代-1H,3H-苯并异戊烯-1,3-二酮与对羟基苯乙胺生成2-(4-羟基苯乙基)-6-吗啉代-1H-苯并[异]喹啉-1,3(2H)-二酮。
10.权利要求1所述基于环三聚磷腈的荧光材料用于制备溶酶体靶向的荧光标记物或荧光探针。
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