CN112979542B - 一种吡啶衍生物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种吡啶衍生物及其制备方法,属于炸药、阳离子检测领域。
背景技术
近年来,日益严重的反恐形式和自然环境中的废水污染受到越来越多的关注。一些常见的爆炸物,例如TNP、TNT等,这类化学物质如果被恐怖分子加以利用,会对人们的生命和财产安全造成极大威胁。由于TNP在工业上具有广泛应用,并且具有腐蚀性和极好的水溶性。在哺乳动物的代谢过程中,TNP代谢成更具致突变性的二硝基酚,不仅会刺激眼睛,恶心,而且还可能导致再生障碍性贫血和肝损害。因此,对TNP的检测和定量分析是研究的重要课题之一。
铜在许多生物系统和生物体的代谢过程中起着关键作用,但是铜的过量或不足会危害人类健康,过量的铜离子会导致胃肠道功能障碍和神经系统疾病。因此,研究微量Cu2+的测定方法在环境监测和食品分析中相当重要。
目前,检测TNP的方法包括质谱(I.Perkons,J.Rusko,D.Zacs and V.Bartkevics,SCITOTAL ENVIRON,(2021)142688.),高效液相色谱-红外联用(R.Schulte-Ladbeck,A.Edelmann,G.Quintás,et al,Determination of Peroxide-Based Explosives UsingLiquid Chromatography with On-Line Infrared Detection,Anal.Chem.78(2006)8150-8155.),拉曼光谱(F.Gao,W.Liu,Z.Meng,et al,A Rapid and Sensitive QuantitativeAnalysis Method for TNT using RamanSpectroscopy,Propellants,Explosives,Pyrotechnics 44(2019)337-344.),电化学方法(H.Zhang,A.Cao,J.Hu,et al,Electrochemical Sensor for Detecting Ultratrace Nitroaromatic Compounds UsingMesoporous SiO2-Modified Electrode,Anal.Chem.78(2006)1967-1971.),表面等离子体共振(T.Brulé,G.Granger,N.Bukar,C,et al,A field-deployed surface plasmonresonance(SPR)sensor for RDX quantification in environmental waters,TheAnalyst 142(2017)2161-2168.)等,这些方法大都依赖于庞大的设备,操作复杂,检测时间较长,只能单一检测等缺点而不便广泛使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种吡啶衍生物及其制备方法,该吡啶衍生物能够在含水体系下高效、快速、高选择性和高灵敏度的对TNP和Cu2+进行定性定量检测。
本发明的目的是通过下述技术方案实现的。
一种吡啶衍生物,吡啶衍生物的化学结构式如下:
制备所述的一种吡啶衍生物的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
步骤一、将2-吡啶甲酸、2-氨基-4,6-二甲基吡啶在邻二甲苯中溶解并混合均匀,缓慢注射三氯化磷,回流24小时。
步骤二、将步骤一制得的混合物旋蒸除去溶剂,用体积比为8:2的正己烷和乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂,通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化产物,得到白色固体即吡啶衍生物。
步骤一所述搅拌反应的温度为144℃。
采用所述的一种吡啶衍生物检测TNP和Cu2+的方法,具体步骤如下:
步骤一、用有机溶剂将制得的吡啶衍生物NDPP配置成已知浓度的溶液,得到溶液A;
步骤二、将TNP和Cu2+分别加入到步骤一中所用的有机溶剂中,分别配置成不同浓度的TNP和不同浓度的Cu2+溶液;再将TNP的有机溶液与步骤一溶液A混合,得到溶液B;将TNP溶液与步骤一制备的溶液A混合;TNP与吡啶衍生物的摩尔比为0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10;将Cu2+溶液与步骤一制备的溶液A混合;Cu2+与吡啶衍生物的摩尔比为0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100;
步骤三、分别测定步骤二所得不同混合溶液的荧光光谱,在激发波长为310nm的条件下,测得的荧光发射光谱荧光强度的变化与TNP、Cu2+浓度确定对应关系,即得到利用荧光发射光谱定量检测TNP的标准方程为:ln(y1/y2)=Ksv1·[x1],其中,y1为TNP与吡啶衍生物的摩尔比为0时所测的荧光探针荧光发射光谱中最大发射波长处对应的荧光强度,y2为所测的含TNP的荧光探针荧光发射光谱中最大发射波长处对应的荧光强度,x1为TNP的浓度,常数Ksv1=2.21×104M-1;
利用荧光发射光谱定量检测Cu2+的标准方程为:y3/y4=Ksv2·[x2]+1,其中y3为Cu2+与吡啶衍生物的摩尔比为0时所测的荧光探针荧光发射光谱中最大发射波长处对应的荧光强度,y4为所测的含Cu2+的荧光探针荧光发射光谱中最大发射波长处对应的荧光强度,x2为Cu2+的浓度,常数Ksv2=1.36×103M-1;
步骤四、将含有TNP、Cu2+的待测样品加入到有机溶剂中,配制成溶液;然后加入到步骤一的溶液A中,测定激发波长为310nm的荧光发射光谱,根据最大发射波长处的荧光强度和步骤三所得的标准方程确定其中TNP、Cu2+的含量。
所述的有机溶剂为体积比为2:1的DMF和缓冲液的混合体系。
有益效果
1、本发明的一种吡啶衍生物,是由酰胺键连接的含有吡啶环结构的化合物,结构内部有丰富的电子可以自由流动,具有较高的量子产率;由于该吡啶衍生物与TNP之间具备发生荧光共振能量转移的条件,因此TNP可以使该吡啶衍生物发生荧光淬灭,从而实现对TNP的特异性检测。
2、本发明的一种吡啶衍生物,可与Cu2+进行配位,生成裸眼可见的绿色络合物,实现对Cu2+的比色检测。
3、本发明的一种吡啶衍生物制备方法,以2-吡啶甲酸和2-氨基-4,6-二甲基吡啶为原料,通过一步反应制备了最终产物,反应条件温和,反应后处理简单,所得产物产率较高。
附图说明
图1是本发明中合成吡啶衍生物NDPP的核磁氢谱图;
图2为本发明实施例1中吡啶衍生物NDPP对几种爆炸物的淬灭效率柱状图;
图3为本发明实施例1中吡啶衍生物NDPP对几种阳离子的淬灭效率柱状图;
图4为本发明实施例2中TNP与吡啶衍生物NDPP的摩尔比在0~10变化时体系的荧光发射谱图;
图5为本发明实施例2中Cu2+与吡啶衍生物NDPP的摩尔比在0~100变化时体系的荧光发射谱图;
图6为本发明实施例2中TNP与吡啶衍生物NDPP的摩尔比在0~10变化时体系在激发波长为310nm时最大发射波长处的荧光强度与TNP浓度关系的拟合图线;
图7为本发明实施例2中Cu2+与吡啶衍生物NDPP的摩尔比在0~100变化时体系在激发波长为310nm时最大发射波长处的荧光强度与Cu2+浓度关系的拟合图线;
图8为本发明实施例3中吡啶衍生物NDPP在存在TNP的条件下加入其它爆炸物的淬灭效率柱状图。
图9为本发明实施例3中吡啶衍生物NDPP在存在Cu2+的条件下加入其它阳离子的淬灭效率柱状图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实例与附图将探针分子的制备以及传感器溶液的配制进行阐述。
实施例1
(1)吡啶衍生物NDPP的制备
将2-吡啶甲酸(30mmol,3.7g),2-氨基-4,6-二甲基吡啶(30mmol,3.7g)在邻二甲苯(30mL)中溶解并混合均匀,缓慢注射三氯化磷(5mmol,2.5mL),回流24小时。混合物旋蒸除去溶剂,用体积比为8:2的正己烷和乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂,通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化产物,得到白色产物,产率70%。如图1所示,通过核磁共振波谱仪表征得到晶体产物的核磁氢谱数据如下:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)10.43(1H,CNHCO),8.61(1H,NCHCH),8.27(1H,CHCHC),8.07(1H,CHCHCH),7.89(1H,CHCHCH),7.47(1H,CCHC),6.77(1H,CCHC),2.45(3H,NCCH3),2.35(3H,CHCCH3).元素分析数据如下:Analysis Calcd(%)for C13H13ON3:C,68.72;H,5.73;N,18.50.Found:C,70.10;H,5.62,N,18.45.
(2)传感器溶液的配制
将吡啶衍生物NDPP加入到溶剂中配制成浓度为1×10-5mol/L的溶液,溶剂为体积比为2:1的DMF和缓冲液的混合体系。
(3)TNP和Cu2+的荧光光谱选择性实例
在配置好的吡啶衍生物溶液中,分别单独加入以下不同种爆炸物:NB,DNB,TNT,TNP,RDX,HMX,HNIW,所加入的量均为吡啶衍生物摩尔量的10倍,在310nm的激发光下,在370-525nm波长范围内对以上7种溶液进行荧光发射光谱测试。从图2中能够看出,只有含TNP的样品溶液具有较高的淬灭效率;而含有其他常见爆炸物的样品表现出较弱的荧光强度降低或增强,由此,可以判断出本发明所制备的探针对TNP有很好的选择性。
同样,在配置好的吡啶衍生物溶液中,分别单独加入以下不同种阳离子:Ba2+、Ca2 +、Cd2+、Hg2+、Mg2+、Ni2+、Ag+、Pb2+、Cu2+,所加入的量均为吡啶衍生物摩尔量的50倍,在310nm的激发光下,在370-525nm波长范围内对以上9种溶液进行荧光发射光谱测试。从图3中能够明显看出,只有含Cu2+的样品溶液出现明显的荧光淬灭,而含有其他常见阳离子的样品表现出较弱的荧光强度降低,由此,可以判断出本发明所制备的探针对Cu2+有很好的选择性。
(4)TNP和Cu2+荧光光谱的定量检测实例
步骤一、用有机溶剂将制得的吡啶衍生物NDPP配置成已知浓度的溶液,得到溶液A;
步骤二、将TNP和Cu2+分别加入到步骤一中所用的有机溶剂中,分别配置成不同浓度的TNP和不同浓度的Cu2+溶液;再将TNP的有机溶液与步骤一溶液A混合,得到溶液B;将TNP溶液与步骤一制备的溶液A混合;TNP与吡啶衍生物的摩尔比为0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10;将Cu2+溶液与步骤一制备的溶液A混合;Cu2+与吡啶衍生物的摩尔比为0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100;
步骤三、如图4,图5所示,分别测定步骤二所得不同混合溶液的荧光光谱,在激发波长为310nm的条件下,测得的荧光发射光谱荧光强度的变化与TNP、Cu2+浓度确定对应关系,即图6,图7所示。得到利用荧光发射光谱定量检测TNP的标准方程为:ln(y1/y2)=Ksv1·[x1],其中,y1为TNP与吡啶衍生物的摩尔比为0时所测的荧光探针荧光发射光谱中最大发射波长处对应的荧光强度,y2为所测的含TNP的荧光探针荧光发射光谱中最大发射波长处对应的荧光强度,x1为TNP的浓度,常数Ksv1=2.21×104M-1;
利用荧光发射光谱定量检测Cu2+的标准方程为:y3/y4=Ksv2·[x2]+1,其中y3为Cu2+与吡啶衍生物的摩尔比为0时所测的荧光探针荧光发射光谱中最大发射波长处对应的荧光强度,y4为所测的含Cu2+的荧光探针荧光发射光谱中最大发射波长处对应的荧光强度,x2为Cu2+的浓度,常数Ksv2=1.36×103M-1;
步骤四、将含有TNP、Cu2+的待测样品加入到有机溶剂中,配制成溶液;然后加入到步骤一的溶液A中,测定激发波长为310nm的荧光发射光谱,根据最大发射波长处的荧光强度和步骤三所得的标准方程确定其中TNP、Cu2+的含量。
(5)吡啶衍生物NDPP检测TNP和Cu2+的抗干扰性测试实例
步骤一、将吡啶衍生物NDPP加入到溶剂中配制成浓度为1×10-5mol/L的溶液,溶剂为体积比为2:1的DMF和缓冲液的混合体系。
步骤二、在配制好的吡啶衍生物溶液中,分别单独加入以下不同种爆炸物:NB,DNB,TNT,RDX,HMX,HNIW,所加入的量均为吡啶衍生物摩尔量的10倍,再在每一份溶液中均加入TNP,所加入的量为吡啶衍生物摩尔量的10倍。在310nm的激发光下,在370-525nm波长范围内对以上6种溶液进行荧光发射光谱测试,测试结果与仅含TNP的样品荧光强度进行对比。从荧光发射光谱图中能够明显看出,加入其它爆炸物对淬灭效率影响甚微,如图8所示,说明吡啶衍生物NDPP识别TNP抗干扰性强。
步骤三、在配制好的吡啶衍生物溶液中,分别单独加入以下不同种阳离子:Ba2+、Ca2+、Cd2+、Hg2+、Mg2+、Ni2+、Ag+、Pb2+,所加入的量均为吡啶衍生物摩尔量的50倍,再在每一份溶液中均加入Cu2+,所加入的量为吡啶衍生物摩尔量的50倍。在310nm的激发光下,在370-525nm波长范围内对以上8种溶液进行荧光发射光谱测试,测试结果与仅含Cu2+的样品荧光强度进行对比。从荧光发射光谱图中能够明显看出,加入其它爆炸物对淬灭效率影响甚微,淬灭效率如图9所示,说明吡啶衍生物NDPP识别Cu2+抗干扰性强。
实施例2
为验证本发明TNP、Cu2+的检测方法的准确性和可靠性,采用人工配制含TNP、Cu2+的试样,TNP的含量分别为1×10-5,2×10-5,4×10-5,7×10-5,8×10-5,Cu2+的含量分别为1×10-4,2×10-4,4×10-4,7×10-4,8×10-4,在充分搅拌均匀后采集紫外吸收光谱,采用本发明检测方法分别对上述试样的TNP、Cu2+含量进行检测,其检测结果如下表所示。
表一:试样使用吡啶衍生物NDPP对TNP的定量识别检测
试样 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
理论含量 | 1×10<sup>-5</sup> | 2×10<sup>-5</sup> | 4×10<sup>-5</sup> | 7×10<sup>-5</sup> | 8×10<sup>-5</sup> |
检测含量 | 0.97×10<sup>-5</sup> | 2.02×10<sup>-5</sup> | 3.98×10<sup>-5</sup> | 7.02×10<sup>-5</sup> | 7.79×10<sup>-5</sup> |
表二:试样使用吡啶衍生物NDPP对Cu2+的定量识别检测
试样 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
理论含量 | 1×10<sup>-4</sup> | 2×10<sup>-4</sup> | 4×10<sup>-4</sup> | 7×10<sup>-4</sup> | 8×10<sup>-4</sup> |
检测含量 | 0.98×10<sup>-4</sup> | 1.97×10<sup>-4</sup> | 4.02×10<sup>-4</sup> | 7.01×10<sup>-4</sup> | 8.01×10<sup>-4</sup> |
由表一至表二所示的结果可知,采用本发明方法对TNP、Cu2+含量的实际检测值与制作试样时加入的含量值,即理论含量基本相同,具有较小的误差范围。
所述Cu2+盐为高氯酸铜
以上所述的具体描述,对发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限定本发明的保护范围,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
2.制备如权利要求1所述的一种吡啶衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于:具体步骤如下:
步骤一、将2-吡啶甲酸、2-氨基-4,6-二甲基吡啶在邻二甲苯中溶解并混合均匀,缓慢注射三氯化磷,回流24小时;
步骤二、将步骤一制得的混合物旋蒸除去溶剂,用体积比为8:2的正己烷和乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂,通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化产物,得到白色固体即吡啶衍生物。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种吡啶衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤一所述搅拌反应的温度为144℃。
4.采用权利要求1所述的一种吡啶衍生物检测TNP和Cu2+的方法,其特征在于:具体步骤如下:
步骤一、用有机溶剂将制得的吡啶衍生物配置成已知浓度的溶液,得到溶液A;
步骤二、将TNP和Cu2+分别加入到步骤一中所用的有机溶剂中,分别配置成不同浓度的TNP和不同浓度的Cu2+溶液;再将TNP的有机溶液与步骤一溶液A混合,得到溶液B;TNP与吡啶衍生物的摩尔比为0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10;将Cu2+溶液与步骤一制备的溶液A混合;Cu2+与吡啶衍生物的摩尔比为0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100;
步骤三、分别测定步骤二所得不同混合溶液的荧光光谱,在激发波长为310nm的条件下,测得的荧光发射光谱荧光强度的变化与TNP、Cu2+浓度确定对应关系,即得到利用荧光发射光谱定量检测TNP的标准方程为:ln(y1/y2)=Ksv1·[x1],其中,y1为TNP与吡啶衍生物的摩尔比为0时所测的荧光探针荧光发射光谱中最大发射波长处对应的荧光强度,y2为所测的含TNP的荧光探针荧光发射光谱中最大发射波长处对应的荧光强度,x1为TNP的浓度,常数Ksv1=2.21×104M-1;
利用荧光发射光谱定量检测Cu2+的标准方程为:y3/y4=Ksv2·[x2]+1,其中y3为Cu2+与吡啶衍生物的摩尔比为0时所测的荧光探针荧光发射光谱中最大发射波长处对应的荧光强度,y4为所测的含Cu2+的荧光探针荧光发射光谱中最大发射波长处对应的荧光强度,x2为Cu2 +的浓度,常数Ksv2=1.36×103M-1;
步骤四、将含有TNP、Cu2+的待测样品加入到有机溶剂中,配制成溶液;然后加入到步骤一的溶液A中,测定激发波长为310nm的荧光发射光谱,根据最大发射波长处的荧光强度和步骤三所得的标准方程确定其中TNP、Cu2+的含量。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的有机溶剂为体积比为2:1的DMF和缓冲液的混合体系。
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