CN112969612A - 用于车辆的自适应前灯系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种车辆前灯系统,其包括包含数据总线的车辆支持的电力和控制系统。传感器模块可以被连接到数据总线,以提供与环境情况有关的信息或与其他车辆和行人的存在和位置有关的信息。可以通过总线将分开的前灯控制器连接到车辆支持的电力和控制系统以及传感器模块。前灯控制器可以包含能以大于30 Hz的速度刷新保存的图像的图像帧缓冲器。主动LED像素阵列可以连接到前灯控制器,以根据由图像帧缓冲器中保存的图像限定的模式和亮度来投射光,备用图像缓冲器可以连接到图像帧缓冲器以保存默认图像。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2019年6月28日提交的美国专利申请号16/456,835、2019年6月28日提交的美国专利申请号16/456,844、2018年10月22日提交的欧洲专利申请号18201763.2和2018年9月10日提交的美国临时专利申请号62/729,298的优先权,其中每一项都通过引用整体结合到本文中。
技术领域
本公开一般涉及一种给车辆前灯提供动态照明控制的系统。在某些实施例中,该系统可以是能够提供适合于自适应远光系统的亮度和空间调制光投射的LED像素阵列。
背景技术
夜间的车辆司机可以使用低定向的前灯光束模式来防止迎面而来的车辆的司机耀眼或遭受损害安全的眩光,而当不存在迎面而来的车辆时,切换到具有更大范围的高定向光束,以改善道路光照。然而,如果车辆的司机没有看见迎面而来的车辆,则他们可能无意地以高定向光束模式来驾驶。幸运地是,用于司机辅助或自主操作的传感器技术的广泛可用性也使提供车辆前灯道路光照的主动控制的系统成为可能。取代依赖于固定的或用户控制的光照模式,可以基于来自车辆和/或其周边环境的输入自动调暗或重新定向前灯光束。例如,可以识别迎面而来的车辆,并重新定向前灯光束的一部分以限制潜在的眩光。作为另一个实施例,行人检测或位置定位系统可以被用来识别可能有行人的区域,并重新定向前灯光束以照亮行人的活动。已经使用机械屏蔽、LED、数字微镜以及LCD快门系统开发了这样的自适应远光(ADB)系统。
不幸地是,支持大型的LED主动阵列或其他光发射器/重新定向系统(例如数字微镜或扫描激光器)可能是困难的。可能需要以30-60 Hz的刷新率来控制数以千计的像素的单独的光亮度。需要能够可靠地处理这样的数据率的系统。
发明内容
在一个实施例中,车辆前灯系统包括包含数据总线的车辆支持的电力和控制系统。传感器模块可以被连接到数据总线,以提供与环境情况(例如当日时间或天气情况)相关的信息或者与其他车辆和行人的存在和位置相关的信息。可以通过总线将分开的前灯控制器连接到车辆支持的电力和控制系统以及传感器模块。前灯控制器可以包含能以大于30Hz的速度刷新保存的图像的图像帧缓冲器。主动LED像素阵列可以连接到前灯控制器,以根据由图像帧缓冲器中保存的图像限定的模式和亮度来投射光,并且备用图像缓冲器可以连接到图像帧缓冲器以保存默认图像。
在一个实施例中,车辆支持的电力和控制系统提供图像数据给前灯控制器。替代地,图像可以由前灯控制器响应于从车辆支持的电力和控制系统接收到的数据来生成。在操作中,LED像素阵列可以被定向成减少向迎面而来的车辆发出的光。
在一些实施例中,LED像素阵列中的每个像素是可寻址的,而在其他实施例中,固定的像素组(例如5×5的像素块)是可寻址的。LED像素阵列的长宽比是可选择的。在一些实施例中,LED像素阵列定位成与静态LED照明相邻。
在一些实施例中,帧缓冲器通过脉冲宽度调制器连接到主动LED像素阵列。为了能够及时响应以高速公路速度移动的车辆的照明需求中的变化,图像帧缓冲器可以以60 Hz或更大的速度刷新保存的图像。
在另一实施例中,前灯控制器(适合于与车辆电力和传感器系统协同地工作)可以包含图像帧缓冲器,该图像帧缓冲器可以以大于30 Hz的速度刷新保存的图像。前灯控制器可以被连接到主动LED像素阵列,其中可单独寻址的像素连接到前灯控制器,以便根据由图像帧缓冲器中保存的图像限定的模式和亮度来投射光。在一些实施例中,备用图像缓冲器可以被连接到图像帧缓冲器以保存默认图像。
在另一个实施例中,前灯控制系统包含通过数据总线可连接到车辆支持的电力、传感器和控制系统的前灯控制器,该前灯控制器具有能够以大于30 Hz的速度刷新保存的图像的图像帧缓冲器。连接到前灯控制器的主动LED像素阵列可以被用来根据由图像帧缓冲器中保存的图像限定的模式和亮度来投射光。备用图像缓冲器可以被连接到图像帧缓冲器,以保存默认图像。可以响应于来自车辆支持的电力、传感器和控制系统的传感器信息,或者替代地或附加的,至少部分响应于本地传感器信息,来提供图像模式。
在另一个实施例中,车辆前灯系统包含前灯控制器,该前灯控制器具有图像帧缓冲器,该图像帧缓冲器可以以大于30 Hz的速度刷新保存的图像,其中,由通过车辆数据总线的车辆支持的电力、传感器和控制系统以及通过本地数据连接的本地图像创建模块中的至少一个,向图像帧缓冲器提供图像。具有连接到前灯控制器的单独可寻址像素的主动LED像素阵列可以被用来根据由图像帧缓冲器中保存的图像限定的模式和亮度来投射光。可以响应于来自车辆支持的电力、传感器和控制系统的传感器信息,或者替代地或附加的,至少部分响应于本地传感器信息,来提供图像模式。
附图说明
图1是图示了使用主动前灯采用离散区段形式的道路照明的简图;
图2图示了定位成与静态照明模块相邻的动态像素可寻址照明模块;
图3A是用于控制主动前灯的车辆前灯系统的一个实施例;
图3B是用于控制与车辆处理输出连接的主动前灯的车辆前灯系统的一个实施例;
图4是主动前灯控制器的一个实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
发光像素阵列可以支持得益于光分布的细密纹理亮度、空间和时间控制的应用。这可以包含,但不局限于,从像素块或单独像素发出的光的精确的空间图案结构。取决于应用,发出的光可以是光谱不同的,随着时间适应的,和/或环境响应的。发光像素阵列可以以各种亮度、空间或时间模式提供预编程的光分布。发出的光可以至少部分基于接收到的传感器数据,并且可以被用于光学无线通信。在像素、像素块或装置级别,相关联的光学器件可以是不同的。一个示例的发光像素阵列可以包含具有高亮度像素的通用受控中心块的装置,高亮度像素具有相关联的通用光学器件,而边缘像素可以具有单独的光学器件。由发光像素阵列支持的常见应用包含视频照明、机动车前灯、建筑和区域光照、街道照明以及信息显示。
发光像素阵列可以被用来选择性地和适应性地照亮建筑物或区域,用于改善的视觉显示或减少照明成本。此外,发光像素阵列可以被用来投射媒介立面(facades),用于装饰性运动或视频效果。结合追踪传感器和/或拍摄设备,对行人周围区域的选择性光照是可能的。光谱不同的像素可以被用来调节照明的色温,以及支持特定波长的园艺光照。
街道照明是一种重要的应用,其可以大大地得益于发光像素阵列的使用。单一类型的发光阵列可以被用来模拟各种路灯类型,例如,允许通过对选定像素的合适的激活或去激活,在类型I线状路灯和类型IV半圆状路灯之间切换。此外,根据环境情况或使用时间,通过调节光束亮度或分布,可以降低街道照明成本。例如,当不存在行人时,可以减少光亮度和分布区域。如果发光像素阵列的像素是光谱不同的,则可以分别根据白天、黄昏或夜晚的情况来调节光的色温。
发光阵列也非常适合于支持需要直接或投射显示的应用。例如,警告、紧急情况或信息标志都可以使用发光阵列来显示或投射。这允许,例如,颜色变换或闪光的出口标志被投射。如果发光阵列由大量像素组成,则可以展现文本或数字信息。也可以提供方向箭头或类似的指示符。
车辆前灯是需要大量像素数目和高数据刷新率的发光阵列应用。只主动照亮道路选定部分的机动车前灯可以用来减少与迎面而来的司机的眩光或耀眼相关联的问题。使用红外拍摄设备作为传感器,发光像素阵列只激活照亮道路所需的那些像素,而不激活可能使行人或迎面而来的车辆的司机目眩的像素。此外,可以选择性地照亮道路之外的行人、动物或标志,以改善司机的环境意识。如果发光像素阵列的像素是光谱不同的,则可以分别根据白天,黄昏或夜晚的情况来调节光的色温。一些像素可以被用于光学无线的车辆对车辆的通信。
发光阵列的一种高价值应用关于图1被图示,图1显示了照亮车辆前方范围120的车辆前灯系统的可能的道路光照模式100。如图所示,道路110包含左边缘112、右边缘114和中心线116。在这个示例中,两个主要的范围被照亮:向下指向的静态照亮范围122和动态照亮范围130。范围130内的光亮度可以被动态地控制。例如,当迎面而来的行驶在中心线116和左边缘112之间的车辆(未示出)移动到子范围132中时,光亮度可以被减小或完全关掉。随着迎面而来的车辆朝向子范围134移动,一系列子范围(未示出)可以被限定,以便也具有减小的光亮度,从而减少不安全的耀眼或眩光的可能性。将认识到的是,在其他实施例中,光亮度可以被增加,以突出道路标志或行人,或调节空间光照模式以允许,例如,对弯曲道路的动态光追踪。
图2图示了照明模块200的定位,该照明模块能够提供诸如关于图1所讨论的照明模式。LED灯模块222可以仅仅包含多个LED,或者与包含透镜或反射器的初级或次级光学器件结合地包含多个LED。为了减少总的数据管理需求,灯模块222可以被限制成开/关功能,或者限制成在相对较少的光亮度级别之间切换。像素级别的光亮度控制不一定被支持。
定位成与LED灯模块22相邻的是主动LED阵列230。该LED阵列包含CMOS裸芯202,具有像素区域204和替代性可选择LED区域206和208。像素区域204可以具有104行和304列,总共31616个像素分布在12.2毫米乘以4.16毫米的区域上。可选择LED区域206和208允许选择适合不同车辆前灯或应用的不同的长宽比。例如,在一个实施例中,可选择LED区域206可以具有1:3的长宽比,具有82行和246列,总共20172个像素分布在10.6毫米乘以4毫米的区域上。替代地,可选择LED区域208可以具有1:4的长宽比,具有71行和284列,总共20164个像素分布在12.1毫米乘以3.2毫米的区域上。在一个实施例中,像素可以被主动地管理,以具有10位的亮度范围以及在30 Hz和100 Hz之间的刷新率,其中典型的操作刷新率是60 Hz或更大。
图3A图示了车辆前灯系统300的一个实施例,该车辆前灯系统包括包含数据总线(304)的车辆支持的电力(302)和控制系统。传感器模块306可以被连接到数据总线304,以提供与环境情况(例如当日时间、雨、雾、环境光水平等等)、车辆情况(停放的、运动中的、速度、方向)或其他车辆或行人的存在/位置相关的数据。分开的前灯控制器330可以被连接到车辆支持的电力和控制系统。
车辆前灯系统300可以包含电力输入滤波器和控制模块310。该模块310可以支持各种滤波器,以减少传导发射以及提供电力抗扰性。模块310还可以提供静电放电(ESD)保护、负载突降保护、交流发电机磁场衰减保护和反极性保护。
滤波电力可以被提供给LED DC/DC模块312。模块312可以被用于只给LED供电,以及典型地具有在7伏特和18伏特之间的输入电压,标称13.2伏特。输出电压可以被设为略高(例如0.3伏特)于LED阵列的最大电压,该最大电压由工厂或本地校准以及因负载、温度或其他因素而进行的操作情况调节来确定。
滤波电力还被提供给逻辑LDO模块314,该模块可以被用来给微控制器322或主动前灯330中的CMOS逻辑供电。
车辆前灯系统300可以还包含连接到微控制器322的总线收发器320(例如具有UART或SPI接口)。该微控制器322可以对基于或包含来自传感器模块306的数据的车辆输入进行转换。转换后的车辆输入可以包含视频信号,该视频信号可传递到主动前灯模块324中的图像缓冲器。此外,微控制器322可以在启动期间加载默认图像帧和用于开路/短路的像素的测试。在一个实施例中,SPI接口在CMOS中加载图像缓冲器。图像帧可以是全帧、差分的或部分的。其他的微控制器322特征可以包含对CMOS状态以及逻辑LDO输出的控制接口监视,所述CMOS状态包含裸芯温度。在一些实施例中,LED DC/DC输出可以被动态控制以最小化净空。除提供图像帧数据之外,其他前灯功能,诸如连同边灯(side marker)或转向信号灯的互补使用和/或日间行车灯的激活,也可以被控制。
图3B图示了能够接受车辆传感器输入和命令、以及基于前灯或本地安装的传感器的命令的车辆前灯系统330的各种部件和模块的一个实施例。如图3B所示,车辆安装的系统可以包含远程传感器340和能够传感器处理342的电子处理模块。处理后的传感器数据可以被输入到决策算法模块344中的各种决策算法,所述各种决策算法至少部分地基于各种传感器输入情况而得到命令指令或模式创建,所述各种传感器输入情况例如诸如环境光水平、当日时间、车辆位置、其他车辆的位置、路况或天气情况。将理解的是,决策算法模块344所用的有用信息也可以从其他来源提供,包括到用户智能手机的连接,车辆到车辆的无线连接,或者到远程数据或信息资源的连接。
基于决策算法模块344的结果,图像创建模块346提供一种图像模式,该图像模式将最终给车辆前灯提供一种主动光照模式,该主动光照模式是动态可调节的以及适合于情况的。这种被创建的图像模式可以通过图像编码模块348被编码成用于串行或其他传输方案,并且通过高速总线350发送到图像解码模块354。一旦解码,图像模式被提供给uLED模块380以驱动发光像素的激活和亮度。
在一些操作模式中,利用经由决策算法模块344的通过CAN总线352的连接提供给前灯控制模块370的指令,系统330能够利用默认或简化的图像模式来驱动。例如,针对车辆启动的初始模式可以是统一的低光亮度模式。在一些实施例中,前灯控制模块可以用来驱动其他功能,包括传感器的激活或控制。
在其他可能的操作模式中,系统330可以利用这样的图像模式驱动,即,该图像模式来源于本地传感器或者来源于不需要经由CAN总线352或高速总线350的输入的命令。例如,可以使用本地传感器360和能够传感器处理362的电子处理模块。处理后的传感器数据可以被输入到决策算法模块364中的各种决策算法,所述各种决策算法至少部分地基于各种传感器输入情况来得到命令指令或模式创建,所述各种传感器输入情况例如诸如环境光水平、当日时间、车辆位置、其他车辆的位置、路况或天气情况。将理解的是,像车辆支持的远程传感器340那样,决策算法模块364所用的有用信息也可以从其他来源提供,包括到用户智能手机的连接,车辆到车辆的无线连接,或者到远程数据或信息资源的连接。
基于决策算法模块364的结果,图像创建模块366提供一种图像模式,该图像模式将最终给车辆前灯提供一种主动光照模式,该主动光照模式是动态可调节的和适合于情况的。在一些实施例中,这种被创建的图像模式不需要附加的图像编码/解码步骤,而是可以被直接发送到uLED模块380以驱动选定像素的发光。
图4图示了主动前灯系统400的各种部件和模块的一个实施例,主动前灯系统400诸如参照图3A的主动前灯324描述的那样。如图所示,内部的模块包含LED配电和监控模块410以及逻辑和控制模块420。
来自车辆的图像或其他数据可以通过SPI接口412到达。连续的图像或视频数据可以被存储在图像帧缓冲器414中。如果没有图像数据是可用的,那么一个或多个保存在备用图像缓冲器中的备用图像可以被引导至图像帧缓冲器414。这样的备用图像可以包含,例如,与车辆的法律允许的近光前灯辐射模式一致的亮度和空间模式。
在操作中,图像中的像素被用来限定像素模块430中对应的LED像素的响应,其中LED像素的亮度和空间调制基于(一个或多个)图像。为了减少数据率问题,在一些实施例中,像素的组(例如5×5的块)可以被控制为单一块。支持高速和高数据率的操作,其中来自连续图像的像素值能够以30 Hz和100 Hz之间的速率被加载为图像序列中的连续帧,典型的是60 Hz。与脉冲宽度调制模块418协作,像素模块中的每个像素可以被操作成以一种模式发光,并且亮度至少部分地取决于保存在图像帧缓冲器414中的图像。
在一个实施例中,通过使用逻辑和控制模块420以及脉冲宽度调制模块418为每个LED像素设置适当的斜坡时间和脉冲宽度,可以单独控制和调节亮度。这允许LED像素激活的分段进行,以减少电力波动,以及提供各种像素诊断功能。
受益于前面的描述和相关附图中呈现的教导,本领域技术人员将想到本发明的许多修改和其他实施例。因此,应当理解,本发明不局限于所公开的具体实施例,而是修改和实施例都旨在被包含于所附权利要求的范围内。还应理解,可以在缺少本文未具体公开的元件/步骤的情况下实践本发明的其他实施例。
Claims (34)
1.一种前灯控制系统,包括:
通过数据总线可连接到车辆支持的电力、传感器和控制系统的前灯控制器,所述前灯控制器具有能够以大于30 Hz的速度刷新保存的图像的图像帧缓冲器;
主动LED像素阵列,其连接到所述前灯控制器,以根据由所述图像帧缓冲器中保存的图像限定的模式和亮度来投射光;以及
连接到所述图像帧缓冲器以保存默认图像的备用图像缓冲器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述车辆支持的电力、传感器和控制系统能够被用作输入,以创建提供给所述前灯控制器的图像帧缓冲器的图像数据。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,连接到所述前灯控制器的本地传感器模块能够被用作输入,以创建提供给所述前灯控制器的图像帧缓冲器的图像数据。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述LED像素阵列能够被定向成减少向迎面而来的车辆发出的光。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述LED像素阵列中的每个像素是可寻址的。
6.根据权利要求1所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述LED像素阵列的长宽比是可选择的。
7.根据权利要求1所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述LED像素阵列被定位成与静态LED照明相邻。
8.根据权利要求1所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述帧缓冲器通过脉冲宽度调制器连接到所述主动LED像素阵列。
9.根据权利要求1所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述图像帧缓冲器能够以60 Hz或更大的速度刷新保存的图像。
10.一种车辆前灯系统,包括:
前灯控制器,其具有图像帧缓冲器,所述图像帧缓冲器能够以大于30 Hz的速度刷新保存的图像,其中,由通过车辆数据总线的车辆支持的电力、传感器和控制系统以及通过本地数据连接的本地图像创建模块中的至少一个,向所述图像帧缓冲器提供图像;以及
主动LED像素阵列,其具有单独可寻址的像素,所述像素连接到所述前灯控制器,以根据由所述图像帧缓冲器中保存的图像限定的模式和亮度来投射光。
11.根据权利要求10所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,响应于来自所述车辆支持的电力、传感器和控制系统的传感器信息来提供图像模式。
12.根据权利要求10所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,至少部分地响应于本地传感器信息而提供图像模式。
13.根据权利要求10所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述LED像素阵列中的每个像素是可寻址的。
14.根据权利要求10所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述LED像素阵列的长宽比是可选择的。
15.根据权利要求10所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述LED像素阵列定位成与静态LED照明相邻。
16.根据权利要求10所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述帧缓冲器通过脉冲宽度调制器被连接到所述主动LED像素阵列。
17.根据权利要求10所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述图像帧缓冲器能够以60 Hz或更大的速度刷新保存的图像。
18.一种车辆前灯系统,包括:
包含数据总线的车辆支持的电力和控制系统;
连接到所述数据总线的传感器模块;
分开的前灯控制器,其通过所述总线连接到所述车辆支持的电力和控制系统以及所述传感器模块,所述前灯控制器具有能够以大于30 Hz的速度刷新保存的图像的图像帧缓冲器;
主动LED像素阵列,其连接到所述前灯控制器,以根据由所述图像帧缓冲器中保存的图像限定的模式和亮度来投射光;以及
备用图像缓冲器,其连接到所述图像帧缓冲器以保存默认图像。
19.根据权利要求18所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述车辆支持的电力和控制系统给所述前灯控制器提供图像数据。
20.根据权利要求18所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述传感器模块可以被用来识别迎面而来的车辆,以及选择要发送到所述前灯控制器的图像。
21.根据权利要求18所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述LED像素阵列能够被定向成减少向迎面而来的车辆发出的光。
22.根据权利要求18所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述LED像素阵列中的每个像素是可寻址的。
23.根据权利要求18所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述LED像素阵列的长宽比是可选择的。
24.根据权利要求18所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述LED像素阵列被定位成与静态LED照明相邻。
25.根据权利要求18所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述帧缓冲器通过脉冲宽度调制器被连接到所述主动LED像素阵列。
26.根据权利要求18所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述图像帧缓冲器能够以60 Hz或更大的速度刷新保存的图像。
27.一种车辆前灯系统,包括:
前灯控制器,其具有能够以大于30 Hz的速度刷新保存的图像的图像帧缓冲器;
主动LED像素阵列,其具有单独可寻址的像素,所述像素连接到所述前灯控制器,以根据由所述图像帧缓冲器中保存的图像限定的模式和亮度来投射光;
备用图像缓冲器,其连接到所述图像帧缓冲器以保存默认图像。
28.根据权利要求27所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述控制器通过数据总线附接到车辆支持的电力和控制系统,所述控制系统提供至少一些图像给所述图像帧缓冲器。
29.根据权利要求27所述的车辆前灯系统,进一步包括传感器模块,所述传感器模块可与车辆支持的电力和控制系统结合使用,以识别迎面而来的车辆的位置。
30.根据权利要求27所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述LED像素阵列中的每个像素是可寻址的。
31.根据权利要求27所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述LED像素阵列的长宽比是可选择的。
32.根据权利要求27所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述LED像素阵列被定位成与静态LED照明相邻。
33.根据权利要求27所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述帧缓冲器通过脉冲宽度调制器被连接到所述主动LED像素阵列。
34.根据权利要求27所述的车辆前灯系统,其中,所述图像帧缓冲器能够以60 Hz或更大的速度刷新保存的图像。
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US11904759B1 (en) | 2018-09-10 | 2024-02-20 | Lumileds Llc | Adaptive headlamp system for vehicle |
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KR102335834B1 (ko) | 2021-12-09 |
EP3849841A1 (en) | 2021-07-21 |
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JP7031063B2 (ja) | 2022-03-07 |
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US20200079280A1 (en) | 2020-03-12 |
US20210291724A1 (en) | 2021-09-23 |
TWI712518B (zh) | 2020-12-11 |
US11607989B2 (en) | 2023-03-21 |
US20200079278A1 (en) | 2020-03-12 |
US11091087B2 (en) | 2021-08-17 |
JP2021527933A (ja) | 2021-10-14 |
TW202030105A (zh) | 2020-08-16 |
KR20210064255A (ko) | 2021-06-02 |
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US11904759B1 (en) | 2024-02-20 |
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