CN112909248B - 一种基于3D打印的Li2S正极材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供的一种基于3D打印的Li2S正极材料及其制备方法,包括多孔碳骨架和均匀分布在多孔碳骨架上的Li2S颗粒,Li2S正极材料中Li2S颗粒的质量百分数为30wt%;多孔碳骨架的孔径为2~8nm,Li2S颗粒的尺寸为500nm~2μm。制备方法为将硫酸锂、棉花纤维素和碳纳米管按照质量比为1:1:1的比例加入去离子水中,再加入均为棉花纤维素质量的20%的次磷酸钠和1,2,3,4‑丁四羧酸,搅拌后得到墨水,3D打印得到打印电极,经冷冻干燥后,在氩气氛围中800~880℃高温碳化4~6h。本发明所得Li2S正极材料具有超高面容量密度,可应用于高负载的锂硫电池。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于锂硫电池正极材料领域,具体涉及一种基于3D打印的Li2S正极材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
锂硫电池作为锂离子电池的一种,凭借其高理论容量密度和低成本的优势受到了能源界的广泛关注。锂硫电池以硫作为正极材料,但是硫的绝缘性使得活性材料的利用率较低,导致电池的实际容量密度较低,极大限制了商业化锂硫电池的发展。尤其在高负载的锂硫电池中,电解液的浸润变得更加困难,电解液中锂离子的传输受阻,极化增加,这为高负载锂硫电池的应用带来了严重挑战。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供了一种基于3D打印的Li2S正极材料及其制备方法,具有超高面容量密度,可应用于高负载的锂硫电池。
一种基于3D打印的Li2S正极材料,其特征在于,所述Li2S正极材料包括多孔碳骨架和均匀分布在多孔碳骨架上的Li2S颗粒,Li2S正极材料中Li2S颗粒的质量百分数为30wt%;所述多孔碳骨架的孔径为2~8nm,Li2S颗粒的尺寸为 500nm~2μm。
进一步地,所述Li2S正极材料通过3D打印技术呈栅格状,利于电解液的浸润。
一种制备上述基于3D打印的Li2S正极材料的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将硫酸锂(Li2SO4)、棉花纤维素(TCNF)和碳纳米管按照质量比为 1:1:1的比例加入去离子水中,搅拌得到悬浊液;其中,悬浊液中棉花纤维素的浓度为0.02~0.04g/mL;
步骤2:分别将质量均为棉花纤维素质量的20%的次磷酸钠(SHP)和1,2,3,4- 丁四羧酸(BTCA)加入上述悬浊液中,充分搅拌后,得到用于3D打印的墨水;
步骤3:将上述墨水进行3D打印,获得打印电极;
步骤4:上述打印电极经冷冻干燥后,在氩气氛围中800~880℃高温碳化4~6 h,原位生成Li2S颗粒,最终制得Li2S正极材料。
进一步地,步骤1中搅拌的条件为1000~6000r/min的转速下搅拌0.5~2h。
进一步地,步骤3中3D打印的条件为在15psi的压力下以5~10mm/s的针头速率打印。
进一步地,步骤3中按照栅格状结构进行3D打印。
进一步地,步骤4中冷冻干燥的时间为8~16h,冷冻干燥的温度设置为 -50~-70℃。
本发明还提出了一种应用基于3D打印的Li2S正极材料的锂硫电池正极,其中,Li2S的负载为2~10mg/cm2。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
1、本发明提出了一种基于3D打印的Li2S正极材料及其制备方法,通过高温碳还原Li2SO4,原位生成Li2S颗粒,使得Li2S颗粒在碳骨架中分布更加均匀,且与碳骨架的接触更加紧密,从而提高Li2S正极材料的导电性,降低Li2S正极材料的活化势垒;同时由于在高温碳化过程中有CO2气体生成,使得碳骨架存在大量微孔,为电解液中锂离子的传输提供通道,利于改善电池的电化学动力学;
2、通过利用3D打印墨水的自修复特性,本发明所得Li2S正极材料可以用于高负载情况,在具有高导电性的同时,保证循环过程中锂离子的快速传输,极化不会随着高负载而增加,使得容量密度随着负载的增加只有轻微的下降,而面容量密度随着负载的增加呈线性增加,因此高负载下的锂硫电池依然能取得优异的性能;例如,10mg/cm2的高负载的电池在0.5C的电流密度下依然保持着6.29 mAh/cm2的单位面积容量;
3、优选的,本发明通过3D打印技术将Li2S正极材料打印呈栅格状,更加利于电解液的浸润和锂离子传输。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中基于3D打印的Li2S正极材料的SEM图;
图2为本发明实施例1中基于3D打印的Li2S正极材料在不同负载下首圈的单位质量容量密度及面容量密度的性能图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,详述本发明的技术方案。
实施例1
本实施例制备了一种基于3D打印的Li2S正极材料,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将硫酸锂、棉花纤维素和碳纳米管按照质量比为1:1:1的比例加入去离子水中,在6000r/min的转速下搅拌2h,得到悬浊液;其中,悬浊液中棉花纤维素的浓度为0.03g/mL;
步骤2:分别将质量均为棉花纤维素质量的20%的次磷酸钠和1,2,3,4-丁四羧酸加入上述悬浊液中,充分搅拌后,得到用于3D打印的墨水;
步骤3:将上述墨水加到容量为30 CC的注射器中,将空气压缩机的压力参数设置为15psi,将3D打印机的针头速度设置为8mm/s,按照栅格状结构进行 3D打印,获得打印电极;
步骤4:将上述打印电极在-50℃的温度下冷冻干燥12h后,在氩气氛围中 840℃高温碳化6h,原位生成Li2S颗粒,最终制得Li2S正极材料。
本实施例所得Li2S正极材料的SEM图如图1所示,Li2S颗粒均匀分布在多孔碳骨架上,多孔碳骨架的孔径为2~8nm,Li2S颗粒的尺寸为500nm~2μm。
将本实施例所得Li2S正极材料作为锂硫电池正极,Li2S的负载为10mg/cm2,测试在0.5C的电流密度下,不同负载下首圈的单位质量容量密度及面容量密度,如图2所示,可知单位质量容量密度随着负载的增加只有轻微的下降,而面容量密度随着负载的增加线性增加,表明高负载下的锂硫电池依然具有优异的性能。
实施例2
本实施例制备了一种基于3D打印的Li2S正极材料,制备步骤与实施例1 相比,仅将步骤4中840℃的高温碳化温度调整为800℃的高温碳化温度;其余步骤不变。
实施例3
本实施例制备了一种基于3D打印的Li2S正极材料,制备步骤与实施例1 相比,仅将步骤4中840℃的高温碳化温度调整为880℃的高温碳化温度;其余步骤不变。
Claims (4)
1.一种基于3D打印的Li2S正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将硫酸锂、棉花纤维素和碳纳米管按照质量比为1:1:1的比例加入去离子水中,搅拌后得到棉花纤维素的浓度为0.02~0.04 g/mL的悬浊液;
步骤2:分别将均为棉花纤维素质量的20%的次磷酸钠和1,2,3,4-丁四羧酸加入上述悬浊液中,搅拌后得到墨水;
步骤3:将上述墨水在15 psi的压力下以5~10 mm/s的针头速率进行3D打印,获得打印电极;
步骤4:上述打印电极经冷冻干燥后,在氩气氛围中800~880℃高温碳化4~6 h,最终制得Li2S正极材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述基于3D打印的Li2S正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中搅拌的条件为1000~6000 r/min的转速下搅拌0.5~2 h。
3.根据权利要求1所述基于3D打印的Li2S正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3中按照栅格状结构进行3D打印。
4. 根据权利要求1所述基于3D打印的Li2S正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤4中冷冻干燥的时间为8~16 h,冷冻干燥的温度为-50~-70℃。
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