CN1128082A - 电荷传递装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种电荷传递电路,包括一个用于接收输入电荷的输入端子,一个具有含一个倒相输入的第一和第二输入端以及第一和第二差分电流输出端的跨导放大器,以及一个响应差分电流输出的多输出级电路,用来产生其数值与差分电流输出的数值相关并且互相相关的两个或两个以上的电流输出信号。还包括一个用于将电流输出信号之一传送到跨导放大器的倒相输入端的反馈回路,以及一个用于集结另外的电流输出信号的集电器,以产生一个其数值与输入电荷的数值相关的输出电荷。
Description
本发明涉及用于将一个与输入端所接收的电荷成正比的电荷传递或传送到输出端的装置。
电荷传递电路通常应用于需要测量或响应电荷的场合,它对于将这些电荷从一个位置精确地传递到另一个位置是方便的或者刘是必须的。这类应用的例子有电容位置传感器、压电传感器、电容湿度传感器、数据化静电图形输入板、静电场接收器等等。
一个典型的现有技术电荷传递电路示于图1,包括一个电容反馈电荷放大器A1,它具有一个用于接收要“传递”的输入电荷Qin的输入端一个电容器Cs被示出连接在放大器A1的输入端和地电位之间,代表杂散电容。反馈电容器Cf位于放大器A1的输出端和它的输入端之间,并与一个开关Si并联,放大器A1的输出通过一个输出电容器Co耦合到输出负载(在本例中示为一个电压源V1)上。这个电荷传递电路是众所周知的,并且应用甚广。
使用图1的现有技术电荷传递电路,一旦输出电压变化(当输出电荷蓄聚或集结在一个电容器上时可能出现这一变化)就会在输出电荷中引进一个误差。此外,在现有技术电路中需要一个反馈电容器,这就要求必须利用某种集成电路制造工艺制造这个电路。这种工艺一般都比较昂贵,并且要比不必随电路一起制造反馈电容器更困难。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种高效、易于制造而又精确的电荷传递装置。
本发明的另一目的是提供这样一种不要反馈电容器的装置。
本发明的再一个目的是提供这种能够产生多电荷输出的装置,各输出电荷均与输入电荷线性相关并且互相线性相关。
本发明的又一个目的,根据其一个方面来看,是提供这种能够由差分输入电荷产生一个差分输出电荷的装置。
本发明的上述目的以及其他目的在一个专门说明电荷传递电路的实施例中得到实现。此实施例包括一个用于接收输入电荷的输入端子;一个具有第一和第二差分输入端以及第一和第二差分电流输出端的跨导放大器,放大器的第一输入端接到输入端子上,第二输入端接到地电位;以及一个响应差分电流输出的多输出级,用于产生其数值与差分电流输出的数值线性相关并且相互之间线性相关的两个或两个以上的电流输出信号。设置一个反馈回路是为了将电流输出信号之一输送到跨导放大器的第一差分输入端。
就本发明的一个方面来说,一个电流集结器耦合到多输出级上,用于集结另外的电流输出信号以蓄聚成一个其数值与输入电荷的数值相关的输出电荷。
通过研究下面的详细叙述,本发明的上述目的以及其他目的、特性和优点将变得明朗,在叙述中:
图1是已经叙述过的现有技术电荷传递电路的一个略图;
图2是根据本发明的原理制作的电荷传递装置的一个略图;
图3是图2的多输出级的一个典型实施例的略图;以及
图4是根据本发明的原理制作的差分电荷传递电路的一个略图。
图1示出的一种制作电荷传递电路的现有技术方法,前面已经讨论过了。
图2示出一种根据本发明制作的电荷传递电路,用于在结点X接收一个要传递到输出端子4的电荷Qin。电路包括一个跨导放大器8,此放大器有一个耦合到结点X的倒相输入端12以及一个耦合到交流地电位的非倒相输入端16。一个电容器Cs被示出连接在结点X和地这间。代表可能存在于结点X之上的杂散电容。跨导放大器8具有一个跨导增益G,并根据电压输入,在输出端子20上产生一个差分电流输出In和Ip。这些电流输出与结点X上所产生的电压的关系如下:
Ip=G×(V16—Vx),In=—IP其中V16为非倒相输入端16的电压,Vx为结点X的电压。
跨导放大器8的电流输出供给多输出级电路24,后者从中产生多输出电流信号If、I01…I0n,电流输出信号If反馈到结点X和跨导放大器8的倒相输入端12,这个反馈电流“中和”输入电荷Qin,从而为测量输入电荷的数值提供了条件。
其他的电流输出信号I01…,I0n通过相应的电容器C1,…Cn各自集结起来,分别产生出输出电荷Q01,…,Q0n,这些电荷再加到输出端子4上,输出电荷Q01,…Q0n均与输入电荷线性相关。
跨导放大器8是一种非常有名的器件。仅带一个倒相输入端的跨导放大器也能用在图2的电路中代替放大器8。而且,放大器8的输出端20可以是“单端的”,只有IP输出;当然,在此情形下,就只有一个输入连到多输出级电路24上了。多输出级电路24可以采用各种各样的结构形式,图3中示出其中的一种并且马上就将讨论它。
在叙述图2的电荷传递电路的工作时,假定了结点X的初始电压为零并且有一个正电荷Qin馈给结点。因而结点X的电压增加一个相应于输入电荷Qin的大小的数量,这一增量又在输出端引线20的引线上产生一个负电流IP和一个正电流In。结果,由多输出级电路24在引线If上产生一个负电流,并经反馈回路流回到跨导放大器8的倒相输入端12。这个负电流使结点X的电压下降到零,随即差分电流输出IP和In流以及反馈电流If全都恢复到零。在这一过程发生期间,集结在反馈回路的电荷Qf等于—Qin集结在多输出级电路24的其他输出端上的电荷为
Q01=—k1×Qin
Q0n=—Kn×Qin其中k1,…,kn均为常数。从而,传递到多输出级电路24每一个输出端上的电荷均与输入电荷Qin线性相关。
图3示出一个多输出级电路的实施例,它可用作图2中的电路24。这一电路包含有多个电流反射镜30、34、38、42和46,其中电流反射镜30和34是源头电流反射镜,电流反射镜38、42和46是汇尾电流反射镜。这意思就是说源头电流反射镜作用如同电流源(汇尾电流反射镜作用如同电流汇集点),其电流正比于各自的参考电流。例如,汇尾电流反射镜38中,电流IP被送到反射镜的参考输入端R,反射镜随即接受电流I1,在本场合下,如用符号“1∶1”所指明的一样,电流I1严格等于参考电流。也就是说,标记“1∶1”的意思是指一与一之比,不同的电流反射镜的比率都是经过选择的,以在供给引线50的各个输出电流之间提供一组特定的关系式。对于图3所示的各特定电流反射镜来说,电流反射镜38规定I1=IP;电流反射镜30规定I2=4×I1,I3=I1/2,以及I4=I1/2;电流反射镜46规定I9=I4;电流反射镜42规定I7=4×In,I8=In/2,I5=In/2;以及电流反射镜34规定I6=I5,将这些方程结合起来,得到以下各电流值:
If=4×(IP-In)
I01=(IP-In)/2=If/8
I02=(In-Ip)/2=-If/8从而,由此电路“传递”的输出电荷(如果已经集结完的话)为:
Q01=(-1/8)×Qin
Q02=(1/8)×Qin
显然,利用各种不同的电流反射镜组合,可以建立起其他的比例关系来提供不同的电荷“传递”增益。
图4是根据本发明的原理制作并构筑成差分结构的电荷传递电路的略图,换句话说,输出电荷之差与输入电荷之差相关。差分电路结构由于对噪声的高度不灵敏性而著称。图4的差分结构具有共模抑制作用。若噪声对两个输入电荷的影响一样(即它是共模的),则噪声被“抑制”并且不影响输出电荷(在电路元件都是理想元件并且完全匹配的条件下)。另外,如果共模噪声由某些噪声源通过无意间的耦合而对两个输出电荷的绝对值影响一样的话,输出电荷的差仍然是不受影响。
图4的电路包含有两个部件60和64,每个部件各包括一个跨导放大器(G1和G2)以及类似于图2所示结构的多输出级。但从每个多输出级仅引出三个输出端。部件60和64的多输出级,作为例证,可以是图3所示的电路。
两个输入端子68和72系为分别接收输入电荷Qin1和Qin2而设。两个输入端子68和72都连接到一个双刀双掷开关S1上,以使输入电荷Qin1和Qin2可以有选择地或者分别供应给跨导放大器G1和跨导放大顺G2(当开关S1位于上面位置时),或者分别供应给跨导放大器G2和G1(当开关S1位于下面位置时)。一个第二双刀双掷开关S2设在部件60和64的输出端连接到两个输出端子76和80上。特别是,部件60的多输出级电路的输出La1连接到开关S2的上电极和部件64的多输出级电路的输出Ib2。同样地,部件64的输出Ia2连接到开关S2的下电极和部件60的输出Ib1。可以看出,通过对开关S2的适当置位,部件60和64的输出就能够或者分别加到输出端子76和80上,或者分别加到输出端子80和76上。
当开关保持在一个调定状态,例如两个开关S1和S2均处于上面位置时,差分输出为Q01-Q02=2×k×(Qin1-Qin2),其中k为一个常数,由60和64的多输出级中的比值决定。
开关S1和S2可以被控制得两者同位于上面的位置或者同位于下面的位置,根据导线84供给的斩波信号而定。通过在上面的位置完成一次电荷传递,接着在下面的位置进行另一次电荷传递,就能在纯电荷传递(它等于两次传递之和)中消除非理想(失配)成分的影响。一个失配成分的样本使得在上面的位置传递所得到的差分输出结果为
Q01-Q02=(k1×Qin1-K2×Qin2)+e
其中k1和k2均为常数,由60和64的多输出级决定:e则是一个失配误差项。这一单次传递显然并不表示与差分输入的正比关系。开关位于下面位置的传递,假定是对和前次传递同样的输入电荷,得到差分输出结果
Q01-Q02=(K2×Qin1-k1×Qin2)-e两次传递的差分输出纯电荷由上面两个方程的右边求和给出,等于
Q01-Q02=(k1+k2)×(Qin1-Qin2)此式显然表示与差分输入成正比。
不言而喻,上述装置结构仅仅是作为本发明原理的应用例证。大量的修改和替代方案可能会被那些熟练的技术人员设计出来而不脱离本发明的精神和范围,并且所附的权利要求书就是用来覆盖这类修改和替代方案的。
Claims (8)
1.一种电荷传递电路,包括:
一个用于接收输入电荷的输入端子;
具有至少一个倒相输入端和至少一个差分电流输出端的跨导放大器机构,其输入端耦合到输入端子上;
响应差分电流输出的机构,用一产生其数值与差分电流输出的数值相关并且相互之间相关的两个或两个以上的电流输出信号;以及
用于将一个电流输出信号传送到放大器机构的输入端的反馈机构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电路还包括:
用于集结另外的电流输出信号的机构,以产生一个其数值与输入电荷的数值相关的输出电荷。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电路,其中对于一个正输入电荷,差分电流输出为正,并且其中所述的一个电流输出信号为负。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电路,其中所述电流输出产生机构包括多个电流反射镜,用于产生其数值与差分电流输出的数值相关并且互相相关的多电流输出。
5.根据权利要求2所述的电路,其中所述集结机构是一个电容器。
6.一种差分电荷传递装置包括:
用于分别接收第一和第二输入电荷的第一和第二专用电荷传递电路,每个所述电荷传递电路包括有:
一个跨导放大器,具有一个用于接收相应的输入电荷的倒相输入端,以及一个差分电流输出端;
一个多输出级机构,用于产生至少三个电流输出信号,其幅度互相相关并由差分电流输出的幅度决定;以及
一个反馈回路,用于将第一电流输出信号输送到跨导放大器的所述倒相输入端;
用于对第一专用电荷传递电路的多输出级机构的第二电流输出信号与第二专用电荷传递电路的多输出级机构的第三电流输出信号求和以产生一个第一和电流信号的第一机构;以及
用于对第一专用电荷传递电路的多输出级机构的第三电流输出信号与第二专用电荷传递电路的多输出级机构的第二电流输出信号求和以产生一个第二和电流信号的第二机构。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置,还包括:
第一和第二集电器机构,用于产生分别正比于第一和第二和信号的第一和第二电荷。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置,还包括有:
第一开关机构,用于将第一和第二输入电荷交替地分别供给第一和第二专用电荷传递电路以及第二和第一专用电荷传递电路;以及
第二开关机构,用于将第一和第二和电流信号交替地分别供给第一和第二集电器机构以及分别供给第二和第一集电器机构。
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US08/087,500 US5349303A (en) | 1993-07-02 | 1993-07-02 | Electrical charge transfer apparatus |
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1993
- 1993-07-02 US US08/087,500 patent/US5349303A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-06-23 JP JP50356195A patent/JP3841428B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-06-23 CN CN94192926A patent/CN1053537C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-06-23 AT AT94920309T patent/ATE227888T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-06-23 AU AU71155/94A patent/AU7115594A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-06-23 EP EP94920309A patent/EP0706715B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-06-23 WO PCT/US1994/007093 patent/WO1995001652A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-06-23 KR KR1019960700001A patent/KR100298702B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-06-23 DE DE69431721T patent/DE69431721T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111751632A (zh) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-10-09 | 北京卫星环境工程研究所 | 一种空间环境微弱电荷测量系统 |
CN111751632B (zh) * | 2020-07-22 | 2023-03-14 | 北京卫星环境工程研究所 | 一种空间环境微弱电荷测量系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR960704359A (ko) | 1996-08-31 |
JPH09501798A (ja) | 1997-02-18 |
CN1053537C (zh) | 2000-06-14 |
KR100298702B1 (ko) | 2001-11-22 |
ATE227888T1 (de) | 2002-11-15 |
DE69431721T2 (de) | 2003-04-03 |
AU7115594A (en) | 1995-01-24 |
WO1995001652A1 (en) | 1995-01-12 |
EP0706715A4 (en) | 1999-02-10 |
EP0706715B1 (en) | 2002-11-13 |
DE69431721D1 (de) | 2002-12-19 |
JP3841428B2 (ja) | 2006-11-01 |
US5349303A (en) | 1994-09-20 |
EP0706715A1 (en) | 1996-04-17 |
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