CN112753504A - Dry direct seeding planting method for rice - Google Patents
Dry direct seeding planting method for rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN112753504A CN112753504A CN202011598633.9A CN202011598633A CN112753504A CN 112753504 A CN112753504 A CN 112753504A CN 202011598633 A CN202011598633 A CN 202011598633A CN 112753504 A CN112753504 A CN 112753504A
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- rice
- film
- covering
- sowing
- watering
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
- A01C5/064—Devices for making drills or furrows with rotating tools
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/06—Seeders combined with fertilising apparatus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0287—Devices for laying-out or removing ground coverings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/09—Watering arrangements making use of movable installations on wheels or the like
- A01G25/092—Watering arrangements making use of movable installations on wheels or the like movable around a pivot centre
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
Abstract
A direct dry seeding method for planting paddy rice includes such steps as rotary tillage, burying stubble, levelling, applying fertilizer, sowing, primary pressing, watering, covering film, covering soil and secondary pressing. The invention avoids the links of seedling raising and transplanting. Particularly, in northern areas, when sowing starts in 5 months of spring, sufficient sunlight exists, but the ground temperature is not enough, and the problem can be effectively solved by a direct dry-seeding planting method for rice. The rice can automatically drill through the mulching film to grow out of the ground, the film is tightly attached to the seedlings, and the moisture and heat preservation are realized to the maximum extent. 80% of the evaporation capacity of the earth surface is also blocked by the mulching film; meanwhile, the transpiration amount of the rice plant is reduced, and compared with the rice planted in water, the technology can reduce water consumption by more than 50%. In addition, the seedlings covered by the mulching film grow in the soil layer with good soil moisture, sufficient oxygen and high ground temperature, so that the development of the root system is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rice planting, and particularly relates to a dry direct seeding rice planting method.
Background
At present, rice prefers high temperature, much humidity and short sunshine, has low requirement on soil, and has the best rice soil. The minimum germination temperature of the seedlings is 10-12 ℃, and the optimum germination temperature is 28-32 ℃. The day of the tillering stage is more than 20 ℃, and the ear differentiation is proper at about 30 ℃; the low temperature prolongs the differentiation of the branches and glumes. The heading temperature is 25-35 ℃. The optimum temperature for flowering is about 30 ℃, the temperature is lower than 20 ℃ or higher than 40 ℃, and fertilization is seriously affected. Preferably, the relative humidity is 50 to 90%. However, in real life, the rice is planted outdoors, the temperature is determined by the weather, and phenomena such as seedling rot, seedling death or burn of seedlings easily occur due to the weather.
At present, the bottleneck that the survival rate of transplanted rice cannot be further improved exists, the cultivation mode is improper, and the improvement of the rice yield is restricted; in each year of sowing season, in the seed soaking and germination accelerating process of a small number of farmers, due to improper operation, the rice yield is obviously reduced and the normal income of farmers is influenced because of the occurrence of seed breaking and rotting of rice and various plant diseases and insect pests of rice in the rice seedling raising period, and in the rice planting period, the farmers need to continuously go to the field for management, which is time-consuming and labor-consuming.
The traditional rice seedling cultivation method has the disadvantages of complex process, high labor intensity and low production efficiency, and the rice seeding efficiency is seriously influenced. A plurality of rice seeders are also available in the market, most of the rice seeders are only suitable for hole-disk seeding, and the seeders for carrying the rice slurry disk for seeding are more, and have the defects of seed damage, uneven seeding, low seedling survival rate and the like. Accordingly, the prior art is subject to further improvement and development.
In the prior art, CN112021106A discloses a upland rice planting method, which comprises an upland rice seeder, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) soil preparation; (2) treating the seeds of the upland rice; (3) treating the mulching film; (4) film mulching and sowing; (5) water in a pipeline; (6) fertilizing; (7) killing pests. The dry rice planting method provided by the invention is optimized and improved, and reasonable water management and fertilization are carried out on dry rice, so that the rice yield is increased by more than 30%, the growth period of 8-10 days is shortened, water can be saved by 70%, the quality and yield of the dry rice can be effectively improved, the waste of water resources is reduced, and the agricultural yield and income increase are promoted.
However, the dry rice planting method disclosed in the above-mentioned reference does not adopt a direct seeding method, and has many processes and a low seedling rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a direct-sowing dry paddy planting method which mainly solves the technical problems that direct-sowing dry paddy is covered with a film, an intermediate transplanting process is omitted, and the film can keep moisture and preserve heat, so that the direct-sowing dry paddy planting method is more beneficial to the early sowing of the dry paddy.
The object of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures:
a direct dry seeding method for planting paddy rice includes such steps as rotary tillage, burying stubble, levelling, applying fertilizer, sowing, primary pressing, watering, covering film, covering soil and secondary pressing.
Preferably, the film is closely attached to the ground during film covering, the film integrity is maintained after film covering, and the film is associated with the whole growth cycle of rice.
A direct dry seeding planting method for rice comprises the following steps:
treating the rice field: rotary tillage, stubble burying and leveling of the rice field are carried out by using a rotary cultivator or a double-shaft stubble cleaner;
fertilizing: fertilizing the rice field while carrying out rotary tillage, wherein a seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine or a manual fertilizer application machine is used, and the fertilizer can also be applied before the rotary tillage;
sowing: selecting full-grain rice seeds, and quantitatively sowing;
primary compacting: pressing and leveling the sowed rice field by using a pressing wheel;
watering: quantitative watering is carried out by using a watering tool;
film covering: mulching the rice field after sowing and watering with a mulching film;
and (3) covering soil: uniformly covering a layer of soil on the rice field film after the film covering;
secondary compacting: and (5) pressing and flattening the sowed rice field by using a pressing wheel.
Preferably, the seed is subjected to a breeding treatment.
Preferably, the film is tightly attached to the ground during film covering, the integrity of the film is maintained after film covering, and the film is accompanied with the whole growth cycle of rice.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the dry direct seeding method for the rice is adopted, and the dry rice mulching direct seeding method avoids the links of seedling raising and rice transplanting. Particularly, in northern areas, when sowing starts in 5 months of spring, sufficient sunlight exists, but the ground temperature is not enough, and the dry direct-seeding planting method of the rice effectively solves the problem. The rice can automatically drill through the mulching film to grow out of the ground, the film is tightly attached to the seedlings, and the moisture and heat preservation are realized to the maximum extent. 80% of the evaporation capacity of the earth surface is also blocked by the mulching film; meanwhile, the transpiration amount of the rice plant is reduced, and compared with the rice planted in water, the technology can reduce water consumption by more than 50%. In addition, the seedlings covered by the mulching film grow in a soil layer with good soil moisture content, sufficient oxygen and high ground temperature, so that the development of root systems is promoted, secondary roots are generated and deeply pricked in a large quantity, white roots are abundant and vigorous, the capability of absorbing water and nutrients in the lower layer of soil is enhanced, and the seedlings also show strong drought resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rice dry-direct-seeding integrated machine adopted in an embodiment of the invention;
in the figure: 1. a watering assembly; 1-1, watering a pipe; 1-2. a water pump; 1-3. a water storage tank; 2. a fertilizing assembly; 2-1, a fertilizer box; 2-2, a fertilizer apparatus; 2-3, fertilizing the tube; 3. a seeding assembly; 3-1, a seed box; 3-2, seeding apparatus; 3-3, sowing the seed; 4. a rotary tillage component; 5. a front ballast wheel assembly; 5-1, a height adjusting component; 5-2, a press wheel; 6. a soil covering assembly; 6-1, soil covering wheels; 6-2, covering soil protective cover; 7. a film covering assembly; 7-1, placing a membrane shaft assembly; 7-2, a guide wheel; 8. a frame; 9. a rear press wheel assembly; 9-1. a height adjustment assembly; 9-2, a press wheel; 10. a transmission assembly; 11. a depth wheel assembly; 11-1, adjusting the assembly; 11-2. depth wheel; 12. a shield assembly.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The direct sowing of the rice in the certain area in the dry field adopts an integrated machine of dry rice rotary tillage, fertilization, sowing, watering and film mulching. The rice dry-direct seeding all-in-one machine comprises a watering component 1, a fertilizing component 2, a seeding component 3, a rotary tillage component 4, a pressing wheel component, a soil covering component 6, a film covering component 7, a frame 8, a transmission component 10, a depth wheel component 11 and a protection component 12; the watering assembly 1 comprises a watering pipe 1-1, a water pump 1-2 and a water storage tank 1-3, and the water storage tank 1-3 is arranged in front of the tractor; the fertilizing assembly 2 comprises a fertilizer box 2-1, a fertilizer distributor 2-2 and a fertilizing pipe 2-3; the seeding assembly 3 comprises a seed box 3-1, a seed sowing device 3-2 and a seeding pipe 3-3; the front press wheel component 5 comprises a height adjusting component 5-1 and a press wheel 5-2; the soil covering assembly 6 comprises a soil covering wheel 6-1 and a soil covering protective cover 6-2; the film covering assembly 7 comprises a film placing shaft assembly 7-1 and a guide wheel 7-2; the depth wheel assembly 11 comprises a depth adjusting assembly 11-1 and a depth wheel 11-2, and the depth of the film covering assembly 7 is controlled by the depth wheel assembly 11. The protection component 12 is arranged at the middle upper part of the frame 8 and is positioned at the rear side of the covering protection cover 6-2, so that the soil is prevented from splashing and the loading is convenient during the work.
The seeding is connected to a tractor three-point suspension through a frame 8, and the water storage tank 1-3 is installed on the tractor; the rest parts form a whole through the frame 8, so that the change of the water quantity in the water tanks 1-3 is prevented from influencing the working quality of other components; during operation, the power of the tractor is transmitted to the rotary tillage component 3 and the soil covering component 7 through the transmission component 10; meanwhile, the power of the depth wheel assembly 11 is transmitted to the fertilizer apparatus 2-2 and the seed sowing apparatus 3-2 through the transmission assembly 10; the rotary tillage component 4 carries out rotary tillage, stubble cleaning and leveling on the field, and then the field passes through; fertilization subassembly 2, the 3 fertilization of seeding subassembly, seeding pass through after the seeding preceding suppression wheel subassembly 5 carries out the primary suppression, and the suppression back subassembly 1 that waters carries out the ration and waters, waters after accomplishing tectorial membrane subassembly 7 carries out the tectorial membrane, earthing subassembly 6 carries out the earthing to the membrane higher authority, behind the earthing back suppression wheel subassembly 9 carries out the secondary suppression.
The rice dry rotary tillage, fertilization, seeding, watering and mulching planting method is a planting process of rotary tillage, stubble burying, leveling, fertilization, seeding, pressing, watering, mulching, earthing and pressing, management is completely omitted from planting completion to harvesting, and seedling raising, transplanting, seedling transplanting and field management in the process are omitted. The dry direct seeding planting method for the rice provided by the invention overturns the traditional rice transplanting planting mode, can reduce the planting cost by more than 50%, and has the key points of water saving, soil moisture conservation and fertilizer control, thereby solving the problem of rice planting in northern water-deficient areas; the mulching is that after sowing, the mulching is tightly attached to the ground, the completeness of the mulching is maintained after the mulching, and the mulching is accompanied with the whole growth period of rice; the complete film has more obvious effects of heat preservation, humidification, soil moisture preservation and yield increase on the field.
The method mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) treating the rice field: rotary tillage, stubble burying and leveling of the rice field by using (but not limited to) a rotary cultivator or a double-shaft stubble cleaner;
(2) fertilizing: fertilizing the rice field in the step (1), wherein methods such as a seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine or manual fertilization can be used (but not limited), and the rice field can also be fertilized before the step (1); the specific fertilization quantity and the fertilization variety are determined by combining the specific rice field;
(3) sowing: selecting full-grain rice seeds, and sowing the seeds according to 6 KG/mu;
(4) compacting: pressing and flattening the sown rice field by using a pressing wheel, and simultaneously pressing the rice seeds to about 5mm below the soil surface;
(5) watering: watering above the rice seeds by using a watering tool, wherein the watering is about 2000 kilograms per mu (properly adjusted according to the water content of the rice field);
(6) film covering: mulching the sowed and watered rice field with a mulching film, wherein the film is tightly attached to the rice field;
(7) and (3) covering soil: uniformly covering a layer of soil on the rice field film after the film covering, wherein the thickness is about 2-4 mm;
(8) compacting: the paddy field after sowing is compacted and leveled by using a compacting wheel, and whether secondary compacting is carried out or not can be selected according to the leveling degree after earthing;
(9) and (3) field management in a growth period: management is not needed;
(10) harvesting: when the rice ears hang down, the rice can be harvested by a harvester or manually.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A direct dry seeding planting method for rice is characterized in that: in a planting process, several steps of rotary tillage, stubble burying, leveling, fertilization, seeding, primary pressing, watering, film covering, soil covering and secondary pressing are sequentially adopted.
2. The dry direct seeding planting method for the rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the direct seeding planting method comprises the following steps: the film is tightly attached to the ground during film covering, the integrity of the film is kept after the film covering, and the film is accompanied with the whole growth cycle of rice.
3. A direct dry seeding planting method for rice is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) treating the rice field: rotary tillage, stubble burying and leveling of the rice field are carried out by using a rotary cultivator or a double-shaft stubble cleaner;
(2) fertilizing: fertilizing the rice field simultaneously in the step (1), and fertilizing by using a seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine or manually, or fertilizing before the step (1);
(3) sowing: selecting full-grain rice seeds, and quantitatively sowing;
(4) primary compacting: pressing and leveling the sowed rice field by using a pressing wheel;
(5) watering: quantitative watering is carried out by using a watering tool;
(6) film covering: mulching the rice field after sowing and watering with a mulching film;
(7) and (3) covering soil: uniformly covering a layer of soil on the rice field film after the film covering;
(8) secondary compacting: and (5) pressing and flattening the sowed rice field by using a pressing wheel.
4. The dry direct seeding method for paddy rice as claimed in claim 3, wherein the seed is subjected to breeding treatment in the step (3).
5. The dry direct seeding planting method for the rice as claimed in claim 3, wherein the film in the step (6) is tightly attached to the ground when the film is covered, the completeness of the film is kept after the film is covered, and the film is accompanied with the whole growth cycle of the rice.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011598633.9A CN112753504A (en) | 2020-12-29 | 2020-12-29 | Dry direct seeding planting method for rice |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011598633.9A CN112753504A (en) | 2020-12-29 | 2020-12-29 | Dry direct seeding planting method for rice |
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| CN112753504A true CN112753504A (en) | 2021-05-07 |
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| CN202011598633.9A Withdrawn CN112753504A (en) | 2020-12-29 | 2020-12-29 | Dry direct seeding planting method for rice |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113396790A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-09-17 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Mechanized dry direct seeding furrow cultivation method for rice |
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| CN203575033U (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-05-07 | 黑龙江省伽禾农业科技开发有限公司 | Multifunctional planter for plastic film mulching dry cultivation of paddy rice |
| CN203984985U (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2014-12-10 | 青铜峡市民乐农业机械有限公司 | Fertilization of rice essence amount nonirrigated farmland hill-drop planter |
| CN108207523A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-06-29 | 梅世军 | The big ridge overlay film drought hole seeding of paddy rice in cold region precisely cultivates green rice production method |
| CN112021106A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-04 | 灯塔市荣耀农业发展有限公司 | Dry rice planting method |
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2020
- 2020-12-29 CN CN202011598633.9A patent/CN112753504A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
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| CN203575033U (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-05-07 | 黑龙江省伽禾农业科技开发有限公司 | Multifunctional planter for plastic film mulching dry cultivation of paddy rice |
| CN203984985U (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2014-12-10 | 青铜峡市民乐农业机械有限公司 | Fertilization of rice essence amount nonirrigated farmland hill-drop planter |
| CN108207523A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-06-29 | 梅世军 | The big ridge overlay film drought hole seeding of paddy rice in cold region precisely cultivates green rice production method |
| CN112021106A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-04 | 灯塔市荣耀农业发展有限公司 | Dry rice planting method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113396790A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-09-17 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Mechanized dry direct seeding furrow cultivation method for rice |
| CN113396790B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2023-03-14 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Mechanized dry direct seeding furrow cultivation method for rice |
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Inventor after: Yang Hongguo Inventor after: Song Jiabao Inventor after: Wang Xingjun Inventor after: Wang Wei Inventor after: Yan Chunfeng Inventor before: Wang Wei Inventor before: Wang Xingjun Inventor before: Song Jiabao Inventor before: Yan Chunfeng |
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Application publication date: 20210507 |