CN112715479A

CN112715479A - Goat ecological cycle breeding method

Info

Publication number: CN112715479A
Application number: CN202110010992.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吉沙阿牛
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-01-06
Filing date: 2021-01-06
Publication date: 2021-04-30

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological circulating breeding method for goats, which sequentially comprises the following steps: s1, selecting a male goat and a female goat which grow well to form a family to breed; s2, establishing a goat house and a goat stocking area; s3, placing the young sheep in a goat house for breeding, and transferring the young sheep to a young sheep area for stocking after the young sheep are bred for 6 weeks; s4, transferring the young sheep in the young sheep area to an adult goat area after stocking for 4-6 months; s5: feeding and stocking the adult goats in the adult goat area; and S6, collecting the sheep manure in the goat house and the goat stocking area, and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the manure through a manure dry-wet separator, wherein the solid sheep manure is used as an organic fertilizer, and the liquid directly enters a septic tank for treatment. The invention reduces the feed investment, saves the cost, increases the survival rate of the goat, improves the economic benefit, reduces the influence on water and atmospheric environment, reduces the transmission of pathogenic bacteria and improves the growth environment of the goat.

Description

Goat ecological cycle breeding method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of goat breeding, in particular to an ecological circulating breeding method for goats.

Background

Goat breeding history in China is long, wherein goats have good medicinal efficacy, goat meat can tonify deficiency and strengthen yang, and can treat consumptive disease and internal injury, muscle and bone numbness, soreness and weakness of waist and back, impotence, leukorrhagia and infertility, although goats are delicious in meat quality, due to insufficient breast milk of breeding goats, the nutrition of postpartum young goats is insufficient, the growth is slow, the meat quantity is less, and the immunity of the young goats is reduced due to the fact that the young goats are directly fed with milk powder at birth, and the growth can also be influenced.

Meanwhile, the resource shortage in China is large in population, and low-carbon economy needs to be vigorously developed so as to realize the sustainable development of the economic society. The low-carbon cyclic agriculture is a modern agriculture type which takes high-efficiency and cyclic utilization of resources as a core and takes low consumption, low emission and high efficiency as basic characteristics, not only has the operation high efficiency of the modern agriculture, but also has the resource saving property of the cyclic agriculture, and can realize full superposition of advantages through optimized combination to generate a comprehensive integrated effect. However, the existing goat breeding excessively pursues a single circulation mode, does not consider the problems related to a targeted breeding mode and breeding waste treatment, and does not realize real ecological circulation.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an ecological circulating breeding method for goats, which has the following specific technical scheme:

the ecological circulating goat breeding method sequentially comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting a male goat and a female goat which grow well, forming a basic breeding group by the male goat and the female goat according to a certain proportion, breeding, selecting healthy male and female young goats after the young goats are born, and forming families according to the proportion to breed so as to form different breeding families;

s2, selecting a place far away from residential sites and containing smoke dust and harmful gases to establish a goat house, and establishing a fecal sewage treatment area at a downwind port of the goat house; the goat stocking area is arranged in a pasture, the iron wire net is used as a fence, and then the goat stocking area is divided into a young goat stocking area and an adult goat stocking area by the iron wire net in the fence;

s3, placing the lambs in a goat house for breeding, and transferring the lambs to a young sheep stocking area for stocking after the lambs are bred for 6 weeks;

wherein, the lamb born for 1-7 days is fed with breast milk in a heat preservation shed, the lamb is fed with high-nutrient feed after 8-20 days, the lamb is fed with powdery concentrated feed after 21-42 days, and the lamb is fed with the feed for 3 times uniformly;

s4, transferring the young sheep to an adult goat stocking area after stocking the young sheep in the young sheep stocking area for 4-6 months;

the adult goat feed mainly comprises coarse feed and auxiliary fine feed, wherein the coarse feed accounts for 65-85% of the weight of the feed, the fine feed accounts for 15-35% of the weight of the feed, and each adult goat feed is fed with 1-1.5 kg of feed every day and fed for 3-5 times;

s5: adopting a breeding mode combining feeding and stocking for the adult goats in the adult goat stocking area;

wherein the stocking season is spring and summer season, the stocking is carried out for 3-4h every day, the grazing is carried out for 2-3h every day in autumn and winter season, and pasture is fed in each day;

and S6, collecting the sheep manure in the goat house and the goat stocking area, and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the manure through a manure dry-wet separator, wherein the solid sheep manure is used as an organic fertilizer, and the liquid directly enters a septic tank for treatment.

Preferably, the ratio of the goat to the ewe in the step S1 is 1: 8-10.

Preferably, after the young sheep leave the goat house, the goat house and the production tools are cleaned and sterilized, and then the goat house is left empty for 3-4 weeks and then a second batch of young sheep is placed in the goat house.

Preferably, the goat house is disinfected by lysol, then washed by a high-pressure water gun, and finally fumigated by formalin; the production tool adopts new benzalkonium bromide or peroxyacetic acid solution for soaking and washing.

Preferably, the flocks are periodically patrolled in steps S1 to S5, casualties are reduced and problem sheep are observed; the diseased sheep are diagnosed and treated in time, and the sheep died of disease are treated scientifically and harmlessly.

Preferably, the breeding is performed between the families in step S1 by a stock breeding sheep rotation method.

Preferably, the goat house adopts a double-slope roof structure, a fan is installed on the roof, and a heat insulation layer is additionally arranged on the top of the goat house.

Preferably, the stocking density of the goat stocking area is 3-5 square meters per goat.

Preferably, the concentrated feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of corn, 60-80 parts of wheat bran, 300 parts of 200-containing bean dregs, 500 parts of hay powder, 30-50 parts of traditional Chinese medicine components, 8-10 parts of fish meal, 0.5-1.5 parts of salt and 6-10 parts of carrot powder; wherein the coarse feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of dry corn leaves and 20-30 parts of green vegetable leaves.

Preferably, the high-nutrient feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of egg yolk, 50-60 parts of whole milk powder, 5-10 parts of peanut milk, 5-10 parts of soybean milk, 0.2-0.5 part of salt, 8-10 parts of pumpkin powder, 8-10 parts of carrot powder, 3-5 parts of Chinese yam polysaccharide and 3-4 parts of probiotics;

the powdery concentrated feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of sweet potato powder, 15-25 parts of corn flour, 10-20 parts of bran, 10-15 parts of medlar powder, 5-10 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome powder, 3-5 parts of astragalus powder, 3-5 parts of liquorice powder, 3-5 parts of hawthorn powder and 3-5 parts of yam powder; 0.6-0.9 kg of feed is fed to each feed every day.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. in the process of arranging the establishing area of the sheep shed and the goat stocking area, the method is reasonably arranged, the space resources are fully utilized, artificial feeding and free predation are adopted in feeding, the meat quality is improved, the feed investment is reduced, the cost is saved, the survival rate of the goats is increased, and the economic benefit is improved.

2. According to the invention, the young goats and the adult goats are naturally bred, and the nutritional agent is added in the breeding process, so that the resistance of the young goats and the adult goats can be improved, the morbidity of the young goats and the adult goats is reduced, and the mutton quality of the young goats and the adult goats is higher and safer.

3. The sheep manure in the sheep house adopts a manure dry-wet separator, the solid and liquid in the sheep manure can be directly separated through extrusion and filtration, the separated solid is odorless, and the sheep manure can be recycled as an organic fertilizer due to the fact that the sheep manure contains rich nutrient substances; the separated water contains a large amount of water pollutants and germs and can be collected into a septic tank for further harmless treatment; the influence on water and atmospheric environment is reduced, the spread of germs is reduced, and the growth environment of the goat is improved.

4. According to the invention, each breeding sheep mating mode in breeding sheep mating adopts a female sheep alternating method, so that inbreeding is prevented, combination of phenotype character genotypes is ensured, characteristics of weight and meat quality improvement are emphasized, inbreeding is prevented, and the breeding survival rate of goats and the health rate of young goats are improved.

Detailed Description

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The embodiment provides an ecological cycle goat breeding method which sequentially comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting male goats and female goats, namely breeding goats, with the appearance being not incomplete and the growth being good and the ages being within 18 months to 24 years according to the breeding standard of the male goats and the female goats, and forming a basic breeding sheep flock according to the proportion of 1:8 of the male goats and the female goats;

then intensively breeding the selected basic breeding sheep flock; pedigree breeding is carried out after the lamb birth, the healthy lamb which accords with the breed characteristics is selected, and the lamb is bred according to the male and female lamb 1:8 forming a family; then, establishing a breeding sheep core group according to the requirement of strain establishment; each breed sheep core group is 30 families, each breed sheep of each family is bred independently in a column number, each breed sheep wears ear rings and is numbered with a pedigree, and the clear blood relationship and the sound pedigree are guaranteed;

in the strain selection, the breeding mode of each strain adopts a female strain sheep rotation method to prevent inbreeding; in addition, in the breeding of the strain, the breeding of the characters firstly ensures that individuals conforming to the same strain characteristics are selected and reserved as seeds, ensures the combination of phenotype character genotypes, and secondly focuses on the characteristics of improving the weight and the meat quality.

In the process of the breeding program, the generation interval is 1 year as a standard, a ewe number is marked at the ear position of each lamb, lambs produced by each ewe are merged, all healthy lambs are selected and retained, then a family is established by using a family equivalent random matching method according to 1 ram and 8 ewes of each family, and female breeding sheep are replaced in turn to prevent inbreeding.

And S2, selecting a place far away from residential areas and containing smoke dust and harmful gases to establish a goat house and a goat stocking area, wherein the goat house is built in a place with high terrain, back wind and sun exposure, warm in winter and cool in summer, and good ventilation and drainage. The goat house adopts the brick wood structure, places trough and basin to establish the dirty treatment area of excrement at the leeward mouth of goat house. Meanwhile, the area of the goat stocking area is designed according to 3 square meters of each goat.

The goat stocking area is arranged in a pasture and takes an iron wire net as a fence, and then the goat stocking area is divided into a young goat stocking area and an adult goat stocking area by the iron wire net in the fence, and the young goat stocking area and the adult goat stocking area are respectively used for young goat stocking and adult goat stocking.

The goat house adopts a double-slope roof structure, the height of an outer eave is not less than 2.5 m, the roof can be made of asbestos tiles, blue tiles or double-layer color steel tiles with foamed plastics, and the wall body is built by bricks or hollow bricks; the roof is provided with an unpowered fan, the roof in the house is additionally provided with a heat insulation layer (ceiling), and a skylight capable of being opened and closed is arranged; a large glass window is arranged on the front wall in the house above 0.8 m away from the ground, and a small window can be arranged on the back wall according to the ventilation and light transmission conditions; the inner wall is painted with cement mortar and white, and the ground is hardened with cement.

S3, placing the lambs in a goat house for breeding, transferring the lambs to a young sheep stocking area for stocking after the lambs are raised for 6 weeks,

the high-nutrient feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of egg yolk, 50 parts of whole milk powder, 5 parts of peanut milk, 5 parts of soybean milk, 0.2 part of salt, 8 parts of pumpkin powder, 8 parts of carrot powder, 3 parts of Chinese yam polysaccharide and 3 parts of probiotics;

the powdery concentrated feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of sweet potato powder, 15 parts of corn powder, 10 parts of bran, 10 parts of medlar powder, 5 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome powder, 3 parts of astragalus powder, 3 parts of liquorice powder, 3 parts of hawthorn powder and 3 parts of yam powder; each feed is 0.6kg per day.

After the young sheep are out of the sheep house, sterilizing the environment around the sheep house for 1 time/week, and periodically sterilizing the sheep and drinking water; and sterilizing the production tool; the used production tools such as a cart, a charging basket and the like are soaked and washed by using 0.1 percent of new benzalkonium bromide or 0.5 percent of peroxyacetic acid solution, a sheep pen, a sheep cage and the like are sterilized by using 3 percent of lysol and then washed by using a high-pressure water gun, and finally, formalin is used for fumigation and sterilization; the production tool is soaked and washed by 0.2 percent of benzalkonium bromide or 0.5 percent of peroxyacetic acid solution;

meanwhile, mosquitoes and mice in the sheep pen are killed and killed regularly in the whole-stage breeding process, so that the occurrence of mouse damage and diseases is reduced; 0.5 percent of trichlorfon or 0.02 percent of ambroxol is adopted for spreading the septic tank and the ditch every week.

S4, transferring the young sheep in the young sheep area to an adult goat area after stocking for 5 months,

the feed for adult goat is mainly coarse feed and secondarily fine feed, wherein the coarse feed accounts for 70% of the weight of the feed, the fine feed accounts for 30% of the weight of the feed, and each adult goat is fed with 1kg of feed every day and fed for 4 times;

the concentrated feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of corn, 60 parts of wheat bran, 200 parts of bean dregs, 300 parts of hay powder, 30 parts of traditional Chinese medicine components, 8 parts of fish meal, 0.5 part of salt and 6 parts of carrot powder; wherein the coarse feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of dry corn leaves and 20 parts of green vegetable leaves.

The traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of medlar, 20 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 13 parts of prepared rehmannia root, 8 parts of charred triplet, 5 parts of magnolia officinalis, 5 parts of Chinese yam, 5 parts of malt and 5 parts of angelica.

S5: adopts a breeding mode combining feeding and stocking for the adult goats in the adult goat area,

wherein the stocking season is spring and summer season, the stocking time is 3.5h every day, the grazing time is 2h every day in autumn and winter season, and the pasture is fed each day.

Example 2

s1, selecting male goats and female goats, namely breeding goats, with the appearance being not incomplete and the growth being good and the ages being within 18 months to 24 years according to the breeding standard, and forming basic breeding sheepfold according to the proportion of the male goats to the female goats;

then intensively breeding the selected basic breeding sheep flock; pedigree breeding is carried out after the lamb birth, the healthy lamb which accords with the breed characteristics is selected, and the lamb is bred according to the male and female lamb 1:10 forming a family; then, establishing a breeding sheep core group according to the requirement of strain establishment; each breed sheep core group is 30 families, each breed sheep of each family is bred independently in a column number, each breed sheep wears ear rings and is numbered with a pedigree, and the clear blood relationship and the sound pedigree are guaranteed;

In the process of the breeding program, the generation interval is 1 year as a standard, a ewe number is marked at the ear position of each lamb, lambs produced by each ewe are merged, all healthy lambs are selected and retained, then a family is established by using a family equivalent random matching method according to 1 ram and 10 ewes of each family, and the ewes of the female breed are alternately replaced to prevent inbreeding.

And S2, selecting a place far away from residential areas and containing smoke dust and harmful gases to establish a goat house and a goat stocking area, wherein the goat house is built in a place with high terrain, back wind and sun exposure, warm in winter and cool in summer, and good ventilation and drainage. The goat house adopts the brick wood structure, places trough and basin to establish the dirty treatment area of excrement at the leeward mouth of goat house. Meanwhile, the area of the goat stocking area is designed according to 5 square meters of each goat.

the high-nutrient feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of egg yolk, 60 parts of whole milk powder, 10 parts of peanut milk, 10 parts of soybean milk, 0.5 part of salt, 10 parts of pumpkin powder, 10 parts of carrot powder, 5 parts of Chinese yam polysaccharide and 4 parts of probiotics;

the powdery concentrated feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of sweet potato powder, 25 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of bran, 15 parts of medlar powder, 10 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 5 parts of astragalus powder, 5 parts of liquorice powder, 5 parts of hawthorn powder and 5 parts of yam powder; each feed is 0.9kg per day.

the feed for adult goat is mainly coarse feed and secondarily fine feed, wherein the coarse feed accounts for 70% of the weight of the feed, the fine feed accounts for 30% of the weight of the feed, and each adult goat is fed with 1kg of feed every day and fed for 5 times;

the concentrated feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of corn, 80 parts of wheat bran, 300 parts of bean dregs, 500 parts of hay powder, 50 parts of traditional Chinese medicine components, 10 parts of fish meal, 1.5 parts of salt and 10 parts of carrot powder; wherein the coarse feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of dried corn leaves and 30 parts of green vegetable leaves.

The method is reasonably arranged in the establishment of the goat house and the selection of the goat stocking area, fully utilizes space resources, adopts artificial feeding and free predation in the feeding process, improves the meat quality, reduces the feed investment, saves the cost, increases the survival rate of the goats, and improves the economic benefit. In addition, the lamb and adult goats are naturally bred, and the nutritional agent is added in the breeding process, so that the resistance of the lamb and adult goats can be improved, the incidence of the lamb and adult goats is reduced, and the lamb quality of the lamb and adult goats is higher and safer. Meanwhile, the sheep manure in the sheep house is separated directly from the liquid by an excrement dry-wet separator through extrusion and filtration, and the separated solid is odorless and can be recycled as an organic fertilizer due to the fact that the separated solid contains rich nutrient substances; the separated water contains a large amount of water pollutants and germs and can be collected into a septic tank for further harmless treatment; the influence on water and atmospheric environment is reduced, the spread of germs is reduced, and the growth environment of the goat is improved.

It is to be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, so that an article or apparatus including a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such article or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in the article or device comprising the element.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. The goat ecological cycle breeding method is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps:

2. The ecological cycle goat breeding method of claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the ratio of the goat to the ewe is 1: 8-10.

3. The ecological cycle goat breeding method of claim 1, wherein: and after the young sheep are out of the goat house, cleaning and disinfecting the goat house and production tools, and then, emptying the goat house for 3-4 weeks and then putting a second batch of young sheep.

4. The ecological cycle goat breeding method of claim 3, wherein: disinfecting the goat house by adopting lysol, washing the disinfected goat house by using a high-pressure water gun, and finally fumigating and disinfecting the disinfected goat house by using formalin; the production tool adopts new benzalkonium bromide or peroxyacetic acid solution for soaking and washing.

5. The ecological cycle goat breeding method of claim 1, wherein: regularly patrolling the sheep flock in the steps S1-S5, reducing casualties and observing problem sheep; the diseased sheep are diagnosed and treated in time, and the sheep died of disease are treated scientifically and harmlessly.

6. The ecological cycle goat breeding method of claim 1, wherein: in step S1, breeding is performed between the families by a female breeding sheep rotation method.

7. The ecological cycle goat breeding method of claim 1, wherein: the goat house adopts two slope formula roof structure to at roof installation fan, add on the goat house top and establish thermal insulation layer.

8. The ecological cycle goat breeding method of claim 1, wherein: the stocking density of the goat stocking area is 3-5 square meters per goat.

9. The ecological cycle goat breeding method of claim 1, wherein: the concentrated feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of corn, 60-80 parts of wheat bran, 300 parts of 200-containing bean dregs, 500 parts of hay powder, 30-50 parts of traditional Chinese medicine components, 8-10 parts of fish meal, 0.5-1.5 parts of salt and 6-10 parts of carrot powder; wherein the coarse feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of dry corn leaves and 20-30 parts of green vegetable leaves.

10. The ecological cycle goat breeding method of claim 1, wherein: the high-nutrient feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of egg yolk, 50-60 parts of whole milk powder, 5-10 parts of peanut milk, 5-10 parts of soybean milk, 0.2-0.5 part of salt, 8-10 parts of pumpkin powder, 8-10 parts of carrot powder, 3-5 parts of Chinese yam polysaccharide and 3-4 parts of probiotics;