CN106614329B - Ecological breeding method of small-ear pigs - Google Patents
Ecological breeding method of small-ear pigs Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological breeding method of a small ear pig, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting and distributing a farm; (2) disinfecting a pig farm; (3) piglet feeding management; (4) raising and managing middle pigs; (5) feeding and managing the medium and large pigs; (6) feeding and managing the fattening pigs; (7) the prevention of diseases. The pigs bred by the ecological breeding method of the small-ear pigs have strong self-resistance, low morbidity, delicious meat, rich nutrition and quick growth; the cultivated small ears meet the requirements of green food.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of livestock and poultry breeding, in particular to an ecological breeding method of small ear pigs.
Background
The small-ear pig is commonly called Banna small-ear pig, Ning pig, thin-bone pig, small fragrant pig and the like, is one of excellent local varieties in Yunnan of China, and is one of excellent local varieties in China due to the fact that the ear of the small-ear pig is much smaller than that of a common pig, and is unique in Yunnan province. Is listed as a national second-class protection variety and is listed in a national-level livestock and poultry variety resource protection directory. It is mainly produced in Dehong Yun, Cistus arundinacea and other places. In appearance, it is "white gourd body, mule fart, chamois hoof", so some places are also called "white gourd pig". The small-ear pig has the biggest characteristic that the pig is small in size, the weight of an adult boar is about 40 kilograms, and the weight of a sow is about 55 kilograms.
However, the existing methods for breeding the auricles are relatively backward, the breeding scale of the auricles bred in rural areas is small and not centralized, and most farmers do not have professional training, so that the breeding methods are unscientific, low in yield, slow in growth, high in morbidity, high in price and low in profit rate.
Therefore, a scientific and reasonable pig ecological breeding method is urgently needed and popularized, so that farmers can breed the pigs scientifically and reasonably. On one hand, the income of farmers can be increased, and on the other hand, the young ear pigs which are reasonable in price, tender in meat quality, delicious in taste, high in quality and meet the requirements of green food are provided for the market.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects and provide the ecological breeding method of the small ear pigs, which has strong resistance, low morbidity, delicious meat quality and rich nutrition, and the bred pigs meet the requirements of green food.
The technical scheme for realizing the invention is as follows: an ecological breeding method of small ear pigs comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting and distributing a farm: selecting a place far away from residential areas, factory areas or places without pollutant emission as a farm; constructing a fence net around the farm, planting elephant grass in a land block 3-6 meters wide in the fence net as an inner protective fence, and arranging the farm in the fence; the farm comprises a pigsty, a pasture area and a stocking area; establishing a fecal sewage and harmless treatment area at a lower tuyere of the pigsty; planting trees or building a sunshade frame in the forest stocking area; planting pasture in the pasture area;
(2) disinfecting a pig farm: using quick lime to disinfect the pigsty and the stocking area for 1 month, and then cleaning the pigsty with water; before the pig enters, the pigsty is sprayed and disinfected for 1 time by using a disinfectant;
(3) piglet feeding management: selecting healthy pure-breed piglets, and putting the piglets into the pigsty for feeding; carrying out immunization and castration on piglets; feeding the boar houses according to a basic group consisting of boars and sows in a ratio of 1: 4-6; making heat preservation measures; feeding the piglets with the feed every morning, noon and evening, wherein the feed in the early feeding stage mainly comprises complete piglet feed; feeding for 7-10 days, and adding coarse fodder; wherein the coarse feed comprises the following components: the mass ratio of the complete feed is 1: 3-5; after feeding for 7-15 days, the piglets are driven to the stocking area for stocking in the daytime and are driven back to the piggery at night;
(4) and (3) breeding and managing the middle pigs: after the piglets are raised for 30-45 days, the pigs move freely in a pigsty and a stocking area; placing mineral soil in the stocking area, and allowing the pigs to freely feed the mineral soil to supplement mineral elements; the piglet feed for feeding pigs is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of grass meal, 40-50 parts of corn flour, 10-20 parts of sweet potato protein powder, 3-5 parts of bone meal, 3-5 parts of pumpkin peel, 2-3 parts of salt and 0.5-2 parts of traditional Chinese medicine powder; adding the nutrient extract into sufficient drinking water for pigs; the pigs are allowed to exercise for more than 5 hours every day;
(5) and (3) feeding and managing the medium and large pigs: properly reducing pig movement, and eliminating weak pigs and sick pigs; the pigs are allowed to eat drinking water freely, the pigsty is disinfected and cleaned regularly, the pigsty is kept ventilated, clean and sanitary, and the padding is dry and fresh; the feed for the middle and large pigs is sufficient for the pigs, and is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of corn, 15-20 parts of fermented elephant grass powder, 6-8 parts of soybean powder, 3-5 parts of salt, 1-3 parts of premix and 1-3 parts of traditional Chinese medicine powder; the pigs can move freely in the pigsty and the stocking area in the daytime and return to the pigsty at night;
(6) feeding management of the fattening pigs: keeping pigs fed and drunk freely, and limiting the movement of the pigs until the pigs are slaughtered; providing sufficient fattening pig feed for pigs; the fattening pig feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of corn, 10-20 parts of grass powder, 10-15 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5-8 parts of soybean oil, 2-5 parts of salt, 6-8 parts of a nutritional additive and 0.5-1 part of EM (effective microorganisms);
(7) disease prevention: regularly disinfecting the surrounding environment of the pigsty, and regularly disinfecting the pigsty and the rest area and disinfecting drinking water; regularly killing mosquitoes and mice, and reducing the occurrence of mice and diseases; the vaccine injection is prepared to prevent diseases.
Preferably, in the step (3), the coarse fodder is one or more of tender grass, vegetables, wild vegetables, melon peels or fruit peels.
Preferably, the nutrient extract in the step (4) is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of codonopsis pilosula extract, 15-25 parts of lucid ganoderma extract, 10-15 parts of ephedra extract and 30-40 parts of astragalus extract.
Preferably, the traditional Chinese medicine powder is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 25-30 parts of sweet wormwood, 18-26 parts of artemisia argyi, 10-16 parts of pseudo-ginseng root, 12-18 parts of isatis root, 6-10 parts of folium isatidis, 20-28 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 8-12 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 6-8 parts of coptis chinensis, 10-15 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 10-15 parts of sophora flavescens powder, 8-12 parts of white fruit powder and 8-16 parts of honeysuckle powder.
Preferably, the preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine powder comprises the following steps: selecting various raw materials, cleaning the raw materials by hot water, and draining; drying the raw materials in the shade at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for 30-45 days, combining the raw materials together, and drying until the water content is 15-20%; and (3) putting the dried raw materials into a pulverizer for ultrafine grinding, stirring and mixing to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine powder.
Preferably, the nutritional additive in the step (6) is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 1-3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5-8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-5 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.2-1 part of selenium yeast and 50-70 parts of glucose.
Preferably, the pigsty disinfection in the step (7) comprises disinfection of the pigsty and production tools; disinfecting the pigsty and the pig cage by 2-3% of lysol, washing by a high-pressure water gun, and finally fumigating and disinfecting by formalin; the production tool is soaked and washed by 1-2% of benzalkonium bromide or 5% of peroxyacetic acid solution.
Preferably, the fence net in the step (1) is a plastic net or an iron wire net, and the height is 1.5-3 m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the ecological breeding method of the small-ear pigs, the pigs are put in a pigsty, a pasture area and a stocking area, the stocking viability of the pigs is improved, the pigs can move well, and the traditional Chinese medicine powder is added into the pig feed by feeding the feed, wherein the compatibility of various raw materials in the traditional Chinese medicine powder is scientific, the compound traditional Chinese medicine powder consists of various traditional Chinese medicines, contains various functional components, and meanwhile, the various traditional Chinese medicines have good coordination effect, so that the immunity of the pig body can be effectively improved, the morbidity of the pigs is reduced, and the use of antibiotics and the like in the feed is reduced; in addition, the traditional Chinese medicine powder can also promote the digestion of pigs on the feed and accelerate the growth of the pigs; the main components of the traditional Chinese medicine powder are natural products, the traditional Chinese medicine powder has the characteristics of safety, nutrition, small toxic and side effects and the like, the nutrition requirements of pigs are met by feeding the traditional Chinese medicine powder with a compound feed, after the traditional Chinese medicine powder is eaten by the pigs, the resistance of piglets can be enhanced, the disease resistance is high, the pigs can grow healthily and rapidly, and the pork is fresh and tender.
2. In the establishment of a pigsty and the selection of a stocking area, the space resources are reasonably arranged, different feeds are fed according to different stages of pig growth in the feeding process, and the feeding modes are different in different stages; particularly, in the piglet feeding management stage, pigs freely move in two areas, namely a pigsty and a stocking area; the pigs are fed with other mineral soil in the stocking area, the mineral soil growth requirement of the pigs is met, and the resistance is enhanced; when the feed is used for sports, the earthworms or mineral soil is fed to supplement protein and required mineral elements, so that the meat quality is improved, the feed investment is reduced, and the cost is saved.
3. The breeding mode completely meets the environmental requirements of the growth process of the small-ear pigs by adopting natural stocking, and the drinking water is disinfected and the nutrient extract is added in the breeding process to improve the resistance of the pigs, reduce the morbidity of the pigs and ensure that the pork quality of the pigs is higher and safer.
4. The ecological breeding method of the auricle pigs can obviously improve the immunity and disease resistance of the pigs, and compared with the pigs bred by the prior art, the survival rate of the pigs bred by the ecological breeding method of the auricle pigs is improved, and the morbidity is reduced.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
an ecological breeding method of small ear pigs comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting and distributing a farm: selecting a place far away from residential areas, factory areas or places without pollutant emission as a farm; setting up a fence net around the farm, wherein the fence net is a plastic net or an iron wire net and is 1.5 m high; planting grassiness as an inner protective fence in a land block with the width of 3 meters in the fence net, and arranging a farm in the fence; the farm comprises a pigsty, a pasture area and a stocking area; establishing a fecal sewage and harmless treatment area at a lower tuyere of the pigsty; planting trees or building a sunshade frame in the forest stocking area; planting pasture in the pasture area; pig manure is used as a main fertilizer in pasture planting; meanwhile, tender forage grass is periodically mowed as green feed to be fed to pigs, and the forage grass mainly comprises elephant grass and pennisetum hydridum;
(2) disinfecting a pig farm: using quick lime to disinfect the pigsty and the stocking area for 1 month, and then cleaning the pigsty with water; before the pig enters, the pigsty is sprayed and disinfected for 1 time by using a disinfectant;
(3) piglet feeding management: selecting healthy pure-breed piglets, and putting the piglets into a pigsty for feeding; the immunization program and castration disinfection of piglets are well done, and the infection of pigs is avoided; feeding each pigsty by forming a basic group by the boars and the sows according to the ratio of 1: 4; making heat preservation measures; the feed is fed to the piglets in the morning, at noon and evening every day, and the feed in the early feeding stage mainly takes complete piglet feed, so that the feed is rich in nutrition and meets the requirements of the piglets in the growth process; feeding for 7-10 days, and adding coarse fodder; wherein the coarse feed comprises the following components: the mass ratio of the complete feed is 1: 3; the coarse fodder is one or more of tender grass, vegetables, wild vegetables, melon peel or pericarp; the tender forage grass is elephant grass or pennisetum hydridum mown in a pig farm; after feeding for 7-15 days, driving the piglets to the stocking area for stocking in the daytime, allowing the piglets to move fully in the stocking area, and driving the piglets back to the piggery at night;
(4) and (3) breeding and managing the middle pigs: after the piglets are raised for 30-45 days, the pigs move freely in a pigsty and a stocking area; placing mineral soil in the stocking area, and allowing the pigs to freely feed the mineral soil to supplement mineral elements; the piglet feed for feeding pigs is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 20 parts of grass meal, 40 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of sweet potato protein powder, 3 parts of bone meal, 3 parts of pumpkin peel, 2 parts of salt and 0.5 part of traditional Chinese medicine powder; adding the nutrient extract into sufficient drinking water for pigs; the nutrient extract is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of codonopsis pilosula extract, 15 parts of lucid ganoderma extract, 10 parts of ephedra extract and 30 parts of astragalus extract; the pigs are allowed to exercise for more than 5 hours every day; the traditional Chinese medicine powder is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of eucommia bark, 25 parts of sweet wormwood, 18 parts of artemisia argyi, 10 parts of pseudo-ginseng root, 12 parts of isatis root, 6 parts of dyers woad leaf, 20 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 8 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 6 parts of coptis chinensis, 10 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 10 parts of sophora flavescens powder, 8 parts of ginkgo powder and 8 parts of honeysuckle powder; the preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine powder comprises the following steps: selecting various raw materials, cleaning the raw materials by hot water, and draining; drying the raw materials in the shade at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for 30-45 days, combining the raw materials together, and drying until the water content is 15-20%; putting the dried raw materials into a pulverizer to perform ultrafine grinding, stirring and mixing to obtain traditional Chinese medicine powder;
(5) and (3) feeding and managing the medium and large pigs: properly reducing pig movement, and eliminating weak pigs and sick pigs; the pigs are allowed to eat drinking water freely, the pigsty is disinfected and cleaned regularly, the pigsty is kept ventilated, clean and sanitary, and the padding is dry and fresh; the feed for the middle and large pigs is sufficient for the pigs, and is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of corn, 15 parts of fermented elephant grass powder, 6 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of salt, 1 part of premix and 1 part of Chinese medicinal powder; wherein the traditional Chinese medicine powder is the same as the step (4), and the premix is selected from the market; the pigs can move freely in the pigsty and the stocking area in the daytime and return to the pigsty at night;
(6) feeding management of the fattening pigs: keeping pigs fed and drunk freely, and limiting the movement of the pigs until the pigs are slaughtered; providing sufficient fattening pig feed for pigs; the fattening pig feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of corn, 10 parts of grass meal, 10 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5 parts of soybean oil, 2 parts of salt, 6 parts of a nutritional additive and 0.5 part of EM (effective microorganisms); the nutritional additive is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 1 part of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.2 part of yeast selenium and 50 parts of glucose;
(7) disease prevention: regularly disinfecting the surrounding environment of the pigsty, and regularly disinfecting the pigsty and the rest area and disinfecting drinking water; regularly killing mosquitoes and mice, and reducing the occurrence of mice and diseases; vaccine injection is made to prevent diseases; the pigsty disinfection comprises the disinfection of the pigsty and production tools; disinfecting a pigsty and a pig cage by 2-3% of lysol, washing by a high-pressure water gun, and finally fumigating and disinfecting by formalin; the production tool is soaked and washed by 1-2% benzalkonium bromide or 5% peroxyacetic acid solution.
Example 2:
an ecological breeding method of small ear pigs comprises the following steps:
(2) selecting and distributing a farm: selecting a place far away from residential areas, factory areas or places without pollutant emission as a farm; setting up a fence net around the farm, wherein the fence net is a plastic net or an iron wire net and is 3 m high; planting grassiness in a land block with the width of 6 meters in the fence net to serve as an inner protective fence, and arranging a farm in the fence; the farm comprises a pigsty, a pasture area and a stocking area; establishing a fecal sewage and harmless treatment area at a lower tuyere of the pigsty; planting trees or building a sunshade frame in the forest stocking area; planting pasture in the pasture area;
(2) disinfecting a pig farm: using quick lime to disinfect the pigsty and the stocking area for 1 month, and then cleaning the pigsty with water; before the pig enters, the pigsty is sprayed and disinfected for 1 time by using a disinfectant;
(3) piglet feeding management: selecting healthy pure-breed piglets, and putting the piglets into the pigsty for feeding; carrying out immunization and castration on piglets; feeding the basic group of the boars and the sows in the ratio of 1:5 in each pigsty; making heat preservation measures; feeding the piglets with the feed every morning, noon and evening, wherein the feed in the early feeding stage mainly comprises complete piglet feed; feeding for 7-10 days, and adding coarse fodder; wherein the coarse feed comprises the following components: the mass ratio of the complete feed is 1: 4; the coarse fodder is one or more of tender grass, vegetables, wild vegetables, melon peel or pericarp; after feeding for 7-15 days, the piglets are driven to the stocking area for stocking in the daytime and are driven back to the piggery at night;
(4) and (3) breeding and managing the middle pigs: after the piglets are raised for 30-45 days, the pigs move freely in a pigsty and a stocking area; placing mineral soil in the stocking area, and allowing the pigs to freely feed the mineral soil to supplement mineral elements; the piglet feed for feeding pigs is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 25 parts of grass meal, 45 parts of corn flour, 15 parts of sweet potato protein powder, 4 parts of bone meal, 4 parts of pumpkin peel, 3 parts of salt and 1 part of traditional Chinese medicine powder; adding the nutrient extract into sufficient drinking water for pigs; the nutrient extract is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of codonopsis pilosula extract, 20 parts of lucid ganoderma extract, 12 parts of ephedra extract and 35 parts of astragalus extract; the pigs are allowed to exercise for more than 5 hours every day; the traditional Chinese medicine powder is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of eucommia bark, 28 parts of sweet wormwood, 20 parts of artemisia argyi, 12 parts of pseudo-ginseng root, 15 parts of isatis root, 8 parts of dyers woad leaf, 22 parts of astragalus, 10 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 7 parts of coptis chinensis, 12 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 12 parts of sophora flavescens powder, 10 parts of ginkgo powder and 12 parts of honeysuckle powder; the preparation method of the Chinese medicinal powder is the same as that of example 1;
(5) and (3) feeding and managing the medium and large pigs: properly reducing pig movement, and eliminating weak pigs and sick pigs; the pigs are allowed to eat drinking water freely, the pigsty is disinfected and cleaned regularly, the pigsty is kept ventilated, clean and sanitary, and the padding is dry and fresh; the feed for the middle and large pigs is sufficient for the pigs, and is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of corn, 18 parts of fermented elephant grass powder, 7 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of salt, 2 parts of premix and 2 parts of Chinese medicinal powder; wherein, the premix and the traditional Chinese medicine powder are the same as the embodiment 1, so that the pigs can move freely in the pigsty and the stocking area in the daytime, and can be returned to the pigsty at night;
(6) feeding management of the fattening pigs: keeping pigs fed and drunk freely, and limiting the movement of the pigs until the pigs are slaughtered; providing sufficient fattening pig feed for pigs; the fattening pig feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of corn, 15 parts of grass meal, 12 parts of fermented soybean meal, 6 parts of soybean oil, 4 parts of salt, 7 parts of a nutritional additive and 0.8 part of EM (effective microorganisms); the nutritional additive is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.6 part of yeast selenium and 60 parts of glucose;
(7) disease prevention: regularly disinfecting the surrounding environment of the pigsty, and regularly disinfecting the pigsty and the rest area and disinfecting drinking water; regularly killing mosquitoes and mice, and reducing the occurrence of mice and diseases; vaccine injection is made to prevent diseases; the pigsty disinfection comprises the disinfection of the pigsty and production tools; the pigsty and production facilities were sterilized as in example 1;
example 3:
an ecological breeding method of small ear pigs comprises the following steps:
(3) selecting and distributing a farm: selecting a place far away from residential areas, factory areas or places without pollutant emission as a farm; setting up a fence net around the farm, wherein the fence net is a plastic net or an iron wire net and is 2 m high; planting grassiness as an inner protective fence in a land block with the width of 5 meters in the fence net, and arranging a farm in the fence; the farm comprises a pigsty, a pasture area and a stocking area; establishing a fecal sewage and harmless treatment area at a lower tuyere of the pigsty; planting trees or building a sunshade frame in the forest stocking area; planting pasture in the pasture area;
(2) disinfecting a pig farm: using quick lime to disinfect the pigsty and the stocking area for 1 month, and then cleaning the pigsty with water; before the pig enters, the pigsty is sprayed and disinfected for 1 time by using a disinfectant;
(3) piglet feeding management: selecting healthy pure-breed piglets, and putting the piglets into the pigsty for feeding; carrying out immunization and castration on piglets; feeding the boar houses according to a basic group formed by boars and sows according to a ratio of 1: 6; making heat preservation measures; feeding the piglets with the feed every morning, noon and evening, wherein the feed in the early feeding stage mainly comprises complete piglet feed; feeding for 7-10 days, and adding coarse fodder; wherein the coarse feed comprises the following components: the mass ratio of the complete feed is 1: 5; the coarse fodder is one or more of tender grass, vegetables, wild vegetables, melon peel or pericarp; after feeding for 7-15 days, the piglets are driven to the stocking area for stocking in the daytime and are driven back to the piggery at night;
(4) and (3) breeding and managing the middle pigs: after the piglets are raised for 30-45 days, the pigs move freely in a pigsty and a stocking area; placing mineral soil in the stocking area, and allowing the pigs to freely feed the mineral soil to supplement mineral elements; the piglet feed for feeding pigs is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 30 parts of grass meal, 50 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of sweet potato protein powder, 5 parts of bone meal, 5 parts of pumpkin peel, 3 parts of salt and 2 parts of traditional Chinese medicine powder; adding the nutrient extract into sufficient drinking water for pigs; the nutrient extract is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of codonopsis pilosula extract, 25 parts of lucid ganoderma extract, 15 parts of ephedra extract and 40 parts of astragalus extract; the pigs are allowed to exercise for more than 5 hours every day; the traditional Chinese medicine powder is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of eucommia bark, 30 parts of sweet wormwood, 26 parts of artemisia argyi, 16 parts of pseudo-ginseng root, 18 parts of isatis root, 10 parts of dyers woad leaf, 28 parts of astragalus, 12 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 8 parts of coptis chinensis, 15 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 15 parts of sophora flavescens powder, 12 parts of white fruit powder and 16 parts of honeysuckle powder; the preparation method of the Chinese medicinal powder is the same as that of example 1;
(5) and (3) feeding and managing the medium and large pigs: properly reducing pig movement, and eliminating weak pigs and sick pigs; the pigs are allowed to eat drinking water freely, the pigsty is disinfected and cleaned regularly, the pigsty is kept ventilated, clean and sanitary, and the padding is dry and fresh; the feed for the middle and large pigs is sufficient for the pigs, and is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of corn, 20 parts of fermented elephant grass powder, 8 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of salt, 3 parts of premix and 3 parts of traditional Chinese medicine powder; the premix and the traditional Chinese medicine powder are the same as in example 1, pigs can move freely in a piggery and a stocking area in the daytime, and the pigs can be driven back to the piggery at night;
(6) feeding management of the fattening pigs: keeping pigs fed and drunk freely, and limiting the movement of the pigs until the pigs are slaughtered; providing sufficient fattening pig feed for pigs; the fattening pig feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of corn, 20 parts of grass meal, 15 parts of fermented soybean meal, 8 parts of soybean oil, 5 parts of salt, 8 parts of a nutritional additive and 1 part of EM (effective microorganisms); the nutritional additive is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1 part of yeast selenium and 70 parts of glucose;
(7) disease prevention: regularly disinfecting the surrounding environment of the pigsty, and regularly disinfecting the pigsty and the rest area and disinfecting drinking water; regularly killing mosquitoes and mice, and reducing the occurrence of mice and diseases; vaccine injection is made to prevent diseases; the pigsty disinfection comprises the disinfection of the pigsty and production tools; the pigsty and production facilities were sterilized as in example 1.
Example 4: control of feeding experiment
The experimental group and the control group were randomly selected using a single-factor random trial design. The test period is one feeding period (12 months), and the test period is 10 days in a certain pig farm.
Selecting 20 small ear pigs with the same species and similar physical conditions, randomly dividing the pigs into an experimental group and a control group, and feeding the pigs in the same pig farm, wherein each group comprises 10 pigs; feeding management is carried out according to feeding management rules carried out in a pig farm, and concentrated feed is supplied in a conventional quantitative mode and is taken freely; wherein the comparative examples were fed in a conventional manner.
The amount of growth of the test piglets during the test period is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 growth of the groups of small ear pigs during the test period
Conclusion
As can be seen from Table 1, the total weight gain of the test group in the test period is 583kg, and the total weight gain of the test group in the test period is increased by 91kg and increased by 18.5.1% compared with the control group in the test period of 300 days.
In addition, the pork of the experimental group and the pork of the control group are randomly extracted for pork taste determination, and the pork taste of the experimental group is obviously due to the control group through determination, so that the pork flavor is stronger. The ecological breeding method of the small ear pigs has a certain effect on improving the meat quality of the small ear pigs.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. An ecological breeding method of small ear pigs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting and distributing a farm: selecting a place far away from residential areas, factory areas or places without pollutant emission as a farm; constructing a fence net around the farm, planting grassiness in a land block 3-6 meters wide in the fence net as an inner protective fence, and arranging the farm in the inner protective fence; the farm comprises a pigsty, a pasture area and a stocking area; establishing a fecal sewage and harmless treatment area at a lower tuyere of the pigsty; planting trees or building a sunshade frame in the stocking area; planting pasture in the pasture area;
(2) disinfecting a pig farm: using quick lime to disinfect the pigsty and the stocking area for 1 month, and then cleaning the pigsty with water; before the pig enters, the pigsty is sprayed and disinfected for 1 time by using a disinfectant;
(3) piglet feeding management: selecting healthy pure-breed piglets, and putting the piglets into the pigsty for feeding; carrying out immunization and castration on piglets; feeding each pigsty according to a basic group consisting of boars and sows in a ratio of 1: 4-6; making heat preservation measures; feeding the piglets with the feed every morning, noon and evening, wherein the feed in the early feeding stage mainly comprises complete piglet feed; feeding for 7-10 days, and adding coarse fodder; wherein the coarse feed comprises the following components: the mass ratio of the complete feed for the piglets is 1: 3-5; after feeding for 7-15 days, the piglets are driven to the stocking area for stocking in the daytime and are driven back to the piggery at night;
(4) and (3) breeding and managing the middle pigs: after the piglets are raised for 30-45 days, the pigs move freely in a pigsty and a stocking area; placing mineral soil in the stocking area, and allowing the pigs to freely feed the mineral soil to supplement mineral elements; the piglet feed for feeding pigs is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of grass meal, 40-50 parts of corn flour, 10-20 parts of sweet potato protein powder, 3-5 parts of bone meal, 3-5 parts of pumpkin peel, 2-3 parts of salt and 0.5-2 parts of traditional Chinese medicine powder; adding the nutrient extract into sufficient drinking water for pigs; the pigs are allowed to exercise for more than 5 hours every day;
(5) and (3) feeding and managing the medium and large pigs: properly reducing pig movement, and eliminating weak pigs and sick pigs; the pigs are allowed to eat drinking water freely, the pigsty is disinfected and cleaned regularly, the pigsty is kept ventilated, clean and sanitary, and the padding is dry and fresh; the feed for the middle and large pigs is sufficient for the pigs, and is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of corn, 15-20 parts of fermented elephant grass powder, 6-8 parts of soybean powder, 3-5 parts of salt, 1-3 parts of premix and 1-3 parts of traditional Chinese medicine powder; the pigs can move freely in the pigsty and the stocking area in the daytime and return to the pigsty at night;
(6) feeding management of the fattening pigs: keeping pigs fed and drunk freely, and limiting the movement of the pigs until the pigs are slaughtered; providing sufficient fattening pig feed for pigs; the fattening pig feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of corn, 10-20 parts of grass powder, 10-15 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5-8 parts of soybean oil, 2-5 parts of salt, 6-8 parts of a nutritional additive and 0.5-1 part of EM (effective microorganisms);
(7) disease prevention: regularly disinfecting the surrounding environment of the pigsty, and regularly disinfecting the pigsty and the rest area and disinfecting drinking water; regularly killing mosquitoes and mice, and reducing the occurrence of mice and diseases; the vaccine injection is prepared to prevent diseases.
2. The ecological breeding method of the little-ear pigs as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the coarse feed is one or more of tender pasture, vegetables, wild vegetables, melon peels or fruit peels.
3. The ecological breeding method of the little-ear pigs as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the nutrient extract in the step (4) is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of codonopsis pilosula extract, 15-25 parts of lucid ganoderma extract, 10-15 parts of ephedra extract and 30-40 parts of astragalus extract.
4. The ecological breeding method of the little-ear pigs as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the traditional Chinese medicine powder is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 25-30 parts of sweet wormwood, 18-26 parts of artemisia argyi, 10-16 parts of pseudo-ginseng root, 12-18 parts of isatis root, 6-10 parts of folium isatidis, 20-28 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 8-12 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 6-8 parts of coptis chinensis, 10-15 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 10-15 parts of sophora flavescens powder, 8-12 parts of white fruit powder and 8-16 parts of honeysuckle powder.
5. The ecological breeding method of the little-ear pigs according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine powder comprises the following steps: selecting various raw materials, cleaning the raw materials by hot water, and draining; drying the raw materials in the shade at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ for 30-45 days, combining the raw materials together, and drying until the water content is 15-20%; and (3) putting the dried raw materials into a pulverizer for ultrafine grinding, stirring and mixing to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine powder.
6. The ecological breeding method of the little-ear pigs as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the nutritional additive in the step (6) is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 1-3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5-8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-5 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.2-1 part of selenium yeast and 50-70 parts of glucose.
7. The ecological breeding method of the little-ear pigs as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the pigsty disinfection in the step (7) comprises the disinfection of the pigsty and production tools; disinfecting a pigsty and a pig cage by 2-3% of lysol, washing by a high-pressure water gun, and finally fumigating and disinfecting by formalin; the production tool is soaked and washed by 1-2% benzalkonium bromide or 5% peroxyacetic acid solution.
8. The ecological breeding method of the little-ear pigs as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fence net in the step (1) is a plastic net or an iron wire net, and the height of the fence net is 1.5-3 meters.
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