CN112690165B

CN112690165B - Standardized blueberry planting method and auxiliary device

Info

Publication number: CN112690165B
Application number: CN202110073389.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋志禹; 蒋清海; 梅松; 丁文芹; 夏先飞; 杨光; 赵映; 金月; 张健飞; 韩余; 王文明; 占才学
Original assignee: Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Current assignee: Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Priority date: 2021-01-20
Filing date: 2021-01-20
Publication date: 2022-04-19
Anticipated expiration: 2041-01-20
Also published as: CN112690165A

Abstract

The invention discloses a standardized blueberry planting method, which comprises the specific steps of planting blueberry plants in rows, arranging a gantry frame at the head and the tail of each row, wherein a first mounting hole is formed in each gantry frame, and the position of each first mounting hole is aligned with a fruit hanging area of a blueberry; then, two ends of a steel rope are respectively fixed in first mounting holes of the two gantry frames, and the steel rope is parallel to the blueberry plant rows; and then fixing the fruit bearing branches of the blueberry plants on the steel ropes, and continuously fixing the heightened fruit bearing branches on the higher steel ropes after the heightened fruit bearing branches are loosely bound in the growth process of the blueberry plants. According to the blueberry planting method, the steel ropes are used for fixing the bearing branches of all blueberry plants in the blueberry plant rows, so that the bearing branches of the blueberry plants are regularly arranged in rows, the mechanical nursing of the blueberries is facilitated, particularly, when the blueberry plants are harvested, vibration can be accurately transmitted to the bearing branches by a user through exciting the steel ropes, the harvesting efficiency is high, and the main bodies of the blueberry plants are not damaged.

Description

Standardized blueberry planting method and auxiliary device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to a standardized blueberry planting method and an auxiliary device.

Background

The blueberry planting method in the prior art comprises the following steps: the blueberry plants are planted in rows at set intervals and row spacing, and then conventional fertilization, sprinkling irrigation, insect catching, weeding and other nursing are carried out on the blueberry plants. The conventional blueberry planting causes the growing blueberry branches to randomly distribute, a clear fruit bearing area is not provided, the mechanical management of the blueberries is not very utilized, and particularly, the mechanical harvesting of the blueberries is difficult. In the prior art, mechanical harvesting of blueberries mainly comprises shaking type harvesting and pneumatic type harvesting, wherein the main method of shaking type harvesting is to use an excitation source to flap blueberry plants, the randomness of the flap position is strong, the flap position cannot directly and effectively act on a bearing area, the harvesting efficiency is low, and blueberry fruits are easy to hit; the pneumatic harvesting can only operate the pneumatic component to harvest the blueberry fruits through a concentrated area, and a large amount of blueberry fruits are generally omitted after the harvesting is finished and need to be artificially supplemented.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is that the blueberry planting method in the prior art cannot control the fruit bearing area of the blueberries, so that the mechanical harvesting of the blueberries is difficult to apply.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a standardized blueberry planting method comprises the following steps:

step 1: the blueberry plants are planted in rows, a gantry frame is arranged at the head and the tail of each row, first mounting holes are formed in the gantry frames, the positions of the first mounting holes are aligned with fruit hanging areas of the blueberries, the number of the first mounting holes is multiple, and the first mounting holes which are adjacent up and down are staggered left and right; blueberry seedlings with 3-8 basal stems, the tree ages of more than 2 years and the seedling heights of 400-2000 mm are preferably selected as the blueberry plants, the plant spacing of the blueberry plants is preferably kept at 1500-2000mm, and the row spacing between adjacent rows of the blueberry plants is preferably kept at 1800-2000 mm; the height of the fruit hanging area of the blueberries is generally 500-1500mm, and correspondingly, the first mounting holes are distributed in the height range of 500-1500 mm; if the length of the blueberry plant rows is long, one or more gantry frames can be arranged in the middles of the blueberry plant rows; the distance between the portal frames at the head and the tail of the row and the nearest blueberry plants is kept by one plant spacing, so that space is reserved for harvesting blueberries in the future;

step 2: fixing two ends of a steel rope in first mounting holes of the two gantry frames respectively, wherein the steel rope is parallel to the blueberry plant rows; if the portal frame is arranged in the middle of the blueberry plant, the steel rope penetrates through a first mounting hole of the portal frame between rows;

and step 3: fixing fruit bearing branches of blueberry plants on steel ropes;

and 4, step 4: in the growing process of blueberry plants, the heightened bearing branches are loosely bound and then continuously fixed on the higher steel ropes.

According to the blueberry planting method, the fruit bearing branches of all blueberry plants in the row of the blueberry plants are fixed through the steel ropes, so that the fruit bearing branches of the blueberry plants are arranged in a row in order, not only can foliar fertilization be facilitated, but also the blueberry fruits can be harvested at a later stage conveniently, particularly, when the fruit is harvested at a later stage by adopting a shaking method, a user can shake the fruit bearing branches accurately by exciting the steel ropes, the fruit harvesting efficiency can be improved, and the blueberry plants can not be damaged.

Further, in the step 2, a shaking frame is connected with the steel rope, a second mounting hole corresponding to the first mounting hole in the gantry frame is formed in the shaking frame, the shaking frame is fixed with the steel rope through the second mounting hole, the shaking frame is arranged at intervals of one or more blueberry plants, and the shaking frame is suspended in the air at the middle position of the front blueberry plant and the rear blueberry plant through the second mounting hole and the steel rope; the shaking frame is used for connecting different steel ropes, and when the steel ropes are collected at the later stage, any one steel rope is vibrated, so that other steel ropes can be synchronously vibrated.

Further, in the step 1, firstly, ridging is carried out on the ground, and then rows of blueberry plants are planted on the ridges; the drainage ditch can be formed on the ground through ridging operation, so that the waterlogging prevention effect is achieved; the ridge forming height is generally 100-200mm, the ridge surface width is 500-600mm, and the ridge bottom width is 800 mm; and sequentially digging pits on the ridges for placing seedlings, fully and uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer and the soil, backfilling seedling pits to a position slightly higher than the ridge surface, righting the blueberry seedlings, and compacting to complete planting.

Further, the blueberry planting method also comprises the step 5: pruning branches higher than a bearing area in the growing process of the blueberry plants, pruning branches lower than the bearing area in the early fruiting stage of the blueberry plants and the sprouting and new branch of the blueberry plants, and mainly pruning buds and branches within the range of 500mm above the roots and stems of the blueberry plants; part of lateral branches of blueberry plants may grow too high to be fixed on a steel rope with the height of 1500mm at most, at the moment, the lateral branches are cut off to promote the growth of the lateral branches in a fruit bearing area, the lateral branches in the fruit bearing area with good growth vigor are selected to be fixed on the steel rope nearby, and the number of fruit bearing branches on the steel rope is controlled to be 3-6.

Furthermore, a cable-stayed steel rope is arranged on the gantry frame and used for fixing the gantry frame.

The invention also provides a standardized blueberry planting auxiliary device, which comprises a gantry frame and a steel rope; the first mounting holes are formed in the gantry frames, the positions of the first mounting holes are aligned with fruit hanging areas of the blueberries, the gantry frames are arranged at the head and the tail of a row of the blueberry plant rows, the two ends of the steel rope are respectively connected with the first mounting holes of the two gantry frames and are tensioned, and the steel rope is used for fixing fruit hanging branches of the blueberry plants.

Furthermore, the blueberry planting auxiliary device further comprises a shaking frame, a second mounting hole corresponding to the first mounting hole in the gantry frame is formed in the shaking frame, the shaking frame is fixed with the steel rope through the second mounting hole, and the shaking frame is arranged at intervals of one or more blueberry plants.

Furthermore, a cable-stayed steel rope is arranged on the gantry frame and used for fixing the gantry frame at the head and the tail of the line on the ground.

Has the advantages that: (1) according to the blueberry planting method, the fruit bearing branches of all blueberry plants in the blueberry plant rows are fixed by the steel ropes, so that the fruit bearing branches of the blueberry plants are regularly arranged in rows, the mechanical nursing of the blueberries is facilitated, the efficiency of links such as sprinkling irrigation, leaf surface fertilization and insect catching is improved, and the lodging resistance of the blueberry plants is also improved. (2) According to the blueberry planting method, all the bearing branches are connected in series through the steel ropes, the purpose of harvesting can be achieved by exciting the steel ropes, vibration is accurately transmitted to the bearing branches through the steel ropes, the harvesting efficiency is high, and the main bodies of blueberry plants are not damaged. (3) According to the blueberry planting method, the shaking frame is connected with all the steel ropes, the shaking frame is vibrated or any one of the steel ropes on the shaking frame is vibrated to drive all the steel ropes to vibrate, and the harvesting efficiency is higher.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the row of blueberry plants planted in example 1 (main view).

Fig. 2 is a schematic row diagram (oblique view) of blueberry plants grown in example 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view a of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a part view of the gantry frame of example 1 (hidden stay cables).

FIG. 5 is a component diagram of a cradle according to embodiment 1.

Wherein: 100. blueberry plants; 200. ridging; 300. a gantry frame; 310. a first mounting hole; 320. a diagonal steel cable; 400. shaking the frame; 410. a second mounting hole; 500. a steel cord.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the standardized blueberry planting method of the embodiment includes the following steps:

step 1: ridging the ground, and then planting rows of blueberry plants 100 on the ridges 200; the ridge forming height is 100-; sequentially digging pits on the ridges 200 for seedling placement, fully and uniformly mixing organic fertilizer and soil, backfilling seedling pits to a position slightly higher than the ridge surface, righting the blueberry seedlings, and compacting to complete planting; blueberry plants 100 are selected from blueberry seedlings with 3-8 basal stems, the tree ages of more than 2 years and the seedling heights of 400-2000 mm, the plant spacing of the blueberry plants 100 is preferably kept at 1500-2000mm, and the row spacing between 100 rows of adjacent blueberry plants is preferably kept at 1800-2000 mm;

step 2: the front, the middle and the rear of the row are respectively provided with a gantry frame 300, the structure of the gantry frame 300 is shown in fig. 3 and 4 (for convenience of observation, only one blueberry plant is reserved in fig. 3), the gantry frame 300 is in a tuning fork shape, the gantry frame 300 is provided with first mounting holes 310, the positions of the first mounting holes 310 are aligned with the blueberry fruit hanging area, the first mounting holes 310 are respectively five on the left and right and are symmetrical on the left and right, the first mounting holes 310 adjacent to each other up and down are staggered on the left and right, and the height of the first mounting holes 310 is between 500 plus materials and 1500 mm; the gantry frame 300 is also provided with a diagonal steel cable 320 for fixation;

and step 3: fixing two ends of a steel rope 500 to first mounting holes 310 of portal frames 300 at the head and the tail of a row respectively, enabling the steel rope 500 to penetrate through the first mounting holes 310 of the portal frames 300 between the rows, enabling the steel rope 500 to be parallel to the row of blueberry plants 100, and enabling the steel rope 500 to be synchronously connected with a shaking frame 400 in series; the structure of the shaking frame 400 is shown in fig. 3 and 5, a second mounting hole 410 corresponding to the first mounting hole 310 on the gantry frame 300 is arranged on the shaking frame 400, the shaking frame 400 is fixed with the steel rope 500 through the second mounting hole 410, and the shaking frame 400 is arranged at intervals of one blueberry plant 100;

and 4, step 4: fixing the bearing branches of the blueberry plants 100 on the steel ropes 500;

and 5: in the growing process of the blueberry plant 100, the heightened bearing branches are loosely bound and then continuously fixed on the higher steel ropes 500;

step 6: pruning branches higher than a bearing area in the growing process of the blueberry plant 100, pruning branches lower than the bearing area in the early bearing stage of the blueberry plant 100, and pruning buds and branches within the range of 500mm above the root and stem of the blueberry plant 100; part of lateral branches of the blueberry plants 100 may grow too high to be fixed on the steel ropes 500 with the height of 1500mm at the maximum, and at the moment, the lateral branches need to be cut off, and the lateral branches in a good fruit hanging area are selected to be fixed on the steel ropes 500 nearby.

In the blueberry planting method of the embodiment, the steel ropes 500 are used for fixing the fruit hanging branches of all the blueberry plants 100 in the rows of the blueberry plants 100, the blueberry fruits are always positioned in the interval with the height of 500-1500mm and are respectively arranged at two sides of the blueberry plants 100, so that the blueberry planting method is convenient for foliar fertilization and later-stage blueberry fruit harvesting;

if the mechanical picking is carried out by adopting a shaking method, a user needs to vibrate the shaking frame 400 or the steel rope 500 by using an excitation source to shake the blueberry fruits; vibration can be directly transmitted to the bearing branches, so that damage to the blueberry plants caused by shaking is reduced to the maximum extent; on the other hand, the excitation source does not enter the fruit hanging area, and the blueberry fruits are prevented from being damaged by the excitation source.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in the specification, these embodiments are merely provided as a hint, and should not limit the scope of the present invention. Various omissions, substitutions, and changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A standardized blueberry planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: planting blueberry plants in rows, arranging a gantry frame at the head and the tail of each row, wherein the gantry frame is provided with a first mounting hole, and the position of the first mounting hole is aligned with a fruit hanging area of the blueberry;

step 2: fixing two ends of a steel rope in first mounting holes of the two gantry frames respectively, wherein the steel rope is parallel to the blueberry plant rows; connecting a shaking frame with a steel rope, wherein a second mounting hole corresponding to the first mounting hole in the gantry frame is formed in the shaking frame, the shaking frame is fixed with the steel rope through the second mounting hole, and the shaking frame is arranged at intervals of one or more blueberry plants;

and step 3: fixing fruit bearing branches of blueberry plants on steel ropes;

2. The standardized blueberry planting method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, one or more gantry frames are also arranged in the middle of the blueberry plants.

3. The standardized blueberry planting method of claim 2, wherein: in the step 1, the portal frames at the head and the tail of the row keep a distance of one plant spacing from the nearest blueberry plant.

4. The standardized blueberry planting method of claim 3, wherein: in step 1, the ground is ridged first, and then rows of blueberry plants are planted on the ridges.

5. The standardized blueberry planting method of claim 4, wherein: further comprising the step 5: and pruning branches higher than the bearing area in the growth process of the blueberry plants, and pruning branches lower than the bearing area in the early bearing period of the blueberry plants.

6. The standardized blueberry planting method of claim 5, wherein: and a cable-stayed steel rope is arranged on the gantry frame.

7. The utility model provides an auxiliary device is planted to standardized blueberry, its characterized in that: comprises a gantry frame, a steel rope and a shaking frame; the first mounting holes are formed in the gantry frames, the positions of the first mounting holes are aligned with fruit hanging areas of the blueberries, the gantry frames are arranged at the head, between the rows and at the tail of the row of the blueberry plants, two ends of a steel rope are respectively connected with the first mounting holes of the two gantry frames and are tensioned, and the steel rope is used for fixing fruit hanging branches of the blueberry plants;

the shaking frame is provided with a second mounting hole corresponding to the first mounting hole in the gantry frame, the shaking frame is fixed with the steel rope through the second mounting hole, and the shaking frame is arranged at intervals of one or more blueberry plants.

8. The standardized blueberry planting auxiliary device as claimed in claim 7, wherein: and a cable-stayed steel rope is arranged on the gantry frame.