CN112655481A - Strawberry greenhouse cultivation method - Google Patents

Strawberry greenhouse cultivation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112655481A
CN112655481A CN202011493928.XA CN202011493928A CN112655481A CN 112655481 A CN112655481 A CN 112655481A CN 202011493928 A CN202011493928 A CN 202011493928A CN 112655481 A CN112655481 A CN 112655481A
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greenhouse
strawberry
cold air
months
period
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CN202011493928.XA
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于长江
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Liaoning Banmutian Ecological Agriculture Co ltd
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Liaoning Banmutian Ecological Agriculture Co ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

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Abstract

The invention provides a warm shed strawberry cultivation method, which is convenient for flexibly controlling the planting time of strawberries and provides technical support for uninterrupted supply of strawberry fruits in four seasons; the method comprises the following steps: step 1: planting strawberries in a greenhouse with the average daytime temperature of 23-30 ℃ in a period of 2-5 months; the greenhouse has natural illumination for 8 to 12 hours in the daytime; step 2: injecting cold air into the greenhouse at night, and controlling the temperature in the greenhouse within the range of more than or equal to 10 ℃ and less than or equal to 15 ℃; and step 3: and (3) planting the strawberry seedlings within the period of 5-8 months when the strawberry seedlings are planted in the greenhouse for 3 months. The strawberry seedling planting method can plant the strawberry seedlings into the greenhouse in 2-5 months, and a low-temperature environment with the average temperature at night between 8 and 15 ℃ is built, so that the planting date of the strawberries can be flexibly advanced to 5-8 months per year, and the planting effect that the strawberry fruits are supplied between 7-10 months per year is further achieved.

Description

Strawberry greenhouse cultivation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of strawberry planting, in particular to a strawberry greenhouse cultivation method.
Background
The strawberry planting time in China is different from morning to evening, and is earlier in the north and later in the south due to obvious difference of climates of various regions. Strawberry field planting needs to have two conditions: firstly, when the flower bud differentiation rate at the tops of strawberry seedlings reaches 50%; secondly, the ambient temperature reaches 15 to 23 ℃. Southern warm areas are generally planted from mid-9 to last 10 months. Northern areas typically range from 8 to 9 months. The planting date of partial early-maturing varieties in northern areas is preferably 9 months and 1-5 days, and the planting date of intermediate-maturing varieties is preferably 9 months and 5-10 days. However, the natural temperature of the water reaches 15-23 ℃ in both south and north. The field temperature is preferably about 20 ℃ for permanent planting, and the planting cannot be too early and too late. In the field of strawberry planting, a traditional strawberry greenhouse planting mode is adopted, and mature strawberry fruits can be supplied only from 12 months to 6 months in the next year every year. In order to break through the time limit of the fruit breaking period, the supply time limit of the strawberries is earlier to be on the market in 11 months by adopting a refrigeration seedling raising mode in the prior art. The improved seedling culture method not only meets the strong demand of the market on strawberry products in the fruit-breaking period, but also brings great industrial profit for fruit growers due to the high price and income brought into the market early. Although the existing refrigeration seedling raising mode can break through the use effect of the original strawberry supply time, the strawberry fruit supply still cannot be achieved within the period of 7-10 months.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a strawberry greenhouse cultivation method for solving the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a strawberry seedling raising method, which is convenient for meeting the fruit supply requirement during the supply interruption period of strawberry fruits for 7-10 months per year.
The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a strawberry greenhouse cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: planting strawberry seedlings in a greenhouse with the average temperature of more than or equal to 23 ℃ and less than or equal to 30 ℃ in the greenhouse in the daytime during 2-5 months each year; the greenhouse needs natural illumination for 8 to 12 hours in the daytime; the daytime is a continuous time period with continuous sunshine from 0 hour to 24 hours per day;
step 2: injecting cold air into the greenhouse at night, and controlling the temperature in the greenhouse within the range of more than or equal to 10 ℃ and less than or equal to 15 ℃; the night is from 0 hour to 24 hours per day
A continuous period of no continuous sunlight;
and step 3: and when the strawberry seedlings are planted in the greenhouse for 3 months, the strawberry seedlings are planted within the period of 5-8 months.
Preferably, the cumulative input time period of the cool air is 240 to 300 hours.
Preferably, the step 2 is replaced by: "inject cold air into the warm shed at night, and satisfy: the temperature control condition that the average temperature in the greenhouse is between 10 and 15 ℃ in the first half of the time of continuously inputting the cold air in a single day and the average temperature in the greenhouse is between 8 and 12 ℃ in the second half of the time of continuously inputting the cold air in a single day; the night is a continuous time period without continuous sunshine within 0-24 hours per day; ".
Preferably, the step 3 further comprises: and in the period of 5-7 months, when the daily average temperature of the outdoor environment reaches 15 ℃, the strawberry seedlings in the greenhouse are fixedly planted outdoors.
Preferably, in the step 2, a cooling fan is arranged in the greenhouse to input cold air into the greenhouse.
Preferably, in the step 2, cold air generated by a refrigeration device provided outside the greenhouse is input into the greenhouse, and the cold air is input into the greenhouse.
Preferably, in the step 2, the injection amount of the cold air is precisely controlled by providing a temperature sensor in the greenhouse.
Preferably, an insulating layer is laid on the upper surface of the greenhouse film of the greenhouse during the period when the greenhouse is supplied with cold air.
Preferably, the air duct is arranged in the greenhouse, so that the cold air is uniformly distributed in the greenhouse.
Preferably, a light supplement lamp for supplementing illumination in the daytime is arranged in the greenhouse.
The invention has the characteristics and advantages that: according to the method, after the strawberry seedlings are transplanted into the warm shed in the period of 2-5 months per year, cold air is continuously input into the warm shed at night, so that a low-temperature environment with the average temperature of 8-15 ℃ at night is created, the planting date of the strawberries can be flexibly advanced to 5-8 months per year, and the planting effect that the strawberry fruits are supplied in 7-10 months per year is further achieved. Furthermore, cold air input into the greenhouse at night also provides a very favorable growth condition for promoting flower bud differentiation before strawberry field planting, can accumulate more nutrients for strawberry fruit and can obtain a planting effect that the yield of the strawberry is increased by not less than 50% compared with the strawberry cultured in a refrigeration house. Furthermore, natural illumination for not less than 8-12 hours is further provided for the greenhouse, so that powerful technical guarantee can be provided for the maturity and yield increase of the transplanted strawberry seedlings, and the healthy growth and nutrient accumulation of the strawberry seedlings are facilitated; the obtained strawberry seedlings are healthier and have stronger disease resistance. In addition, the strawberry greenhouse cultivation method has better field operation operability, can be operated and implemented directly in a field greenhouse, and is simple in structure and easy to implement; in addition, the probability of plant diseases and insect pests of the strawberries cultivated by the method can be further reduced, and the damage to the strawberries caused by rain and hail can be reduced.
Furthermore, the temperature in the greenhouse at night can be continuously maintained between 8 ℃ and 15 ℃ by cumulatively inputting cold air into the greenhouse at night for 240-300 hours, so that the technical effect of preventing and treating strawberry diseases can be achieved by effectively inhibiting the survival of germs in the greenhouse, and the flower bud differentiation of strawberry seedlings can be promoted earlier, the flower bud differentiation time of the strawberry seedlings can be further advanced by one month after the method is adopted, and sufficient technical guarantee is provided for ensuring the fixed planting of the strawberry seedlings within 3 months after the strawberry seedlings are transplanted into the greenhouse within 2-5 months.
Further, the invention provides the following for the greenhouse: "the average temperature in the greenhouse during the first half of the continuous cold air input on a single day is between 10 ℃ and 15 ℃; the average temperature in the greenhouse is between 8 and 12 ℃ in the last half of the time of continuously inputting cold air in a single day; the cold air input mode not only can effectively restrain the occurrence of strawberry diseases, but also can further promote the flower bud differentiation of strawberries, can effectively balance the temperature environment requirements of the differentiation of the two technical effects, can meet the bacteriostatic effect when the temperature is 10-15 ℃, and can also make full use of the temperature environment between 8-12 ℃ to promote the quick flower bud differentiation of strawberry seedlings.
Further, within the period of 5-7 months, when the daily average temperature of the outdoor environment reaches 15 ℃, the strawberry seedlings in the greenhouse are fixedly planted outdoors, and the planting effect of strawberry fruit supply within the period of 8-10 months can be achieved; specifically, if the strawberry seedlings are planted in 5 months, the strawberry can be supplied in 8 months in advance, and the strawberry is planted until 7 months later, so that the effect of supplying the strawberry in 10 months is achieved.
Further, set up refrigeration fan in the warm canopy, can squeeze into the cold air of capacity to the warm canopy at the night that the strawberry was grown seedlings, promote the strawberry seedling early realize the flower bud differentiation, and then reach the cultivation effect that is superior to the strawberry freezer and grows seedlings. The improved greenhouse seedling raising mode can achieve the use effect superior to that of the refrigeration house seedling raising, the input cost of a planting user is greatly reduced in the aspect of the building cost of a greenhouse body, the carrying operation of reciprocating transferring of seedlings between a greenhouse and a refrigeration house is not needed during use, and the operation burden of a cultivation worker can be reduced; in addition, the improved strawberry seedling culture method can continuously provide continuous illumination for 8-12 hours per day required by the growth of strawberry seedlings in the daytime, can further obtain a better culture effect compared with refrigeration house dark room culture, is beneficial to the growth and nutrient accumulation of the strawberry seedlings, can ensure the fruit supply of the strawberries in the season breaking period, and perfectly fills the technical blank of the fruit breaking period in the strawberry culture.
Furthermore, the heat-insulating layer is paved on the upper surface of the greenhouse film of the greenhouse during the cold air input period of the greenhouse, so that the use effect of saving electric energy can be achieved.
Furthermore, the air duct is arranged in the warm shed, so that cold air can be uniformly distributed in the warm shed, and technical convenience is provided for constant-temperature cultivation of the warm shed.
Furthermore, the light supplement lamp used in the daytime is arranged for the greenhouse, so that sufficient illumination can be provided for the strawberries in rainy days, healthy growth of the strawberries is promoted, and more nutrients are accumulated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic operation procedure diagram of a strawberry greenhouse cultivation method in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention. Furthermore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a strawberry greenhouse cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: planting strawberry seedlings in a greenhouse with the average temperature of more than or equal to 23 ℃ and less than or equal to 30 ℃ in the greenhouse in the daytime during 2-5 months each year; the greenhouse needs natural illumination for 8 to 12 hours in the daytime; the daytime is a continuous time period with continuous sunshine from 0 hour to 24 hours per day;
step 2: injecting cold air into the greenhouse at night, and controlling the temperature in the greenhouse within the range of more than or equal to 10 ℃ and less than or equal to 15 ℃; the night is from 0 hour to 24 hours per day
A continuous period of no continuous sunlight;
and step 3: and when the strawberry seedlings are planted in the greenhouse for 3 months, the strawberry seedlings are planted within the period of 5-8 months.
According to the method, after the strawberry seedlings are transplanted into the warm shed in the period of 2-5 months per year, cold air is continuously input into the warm shed at night, so that a low-temperature environment with the average temperature of 8-15 ℃ at night is created, the planting date of the strawberries can be flexibly advanced to 5-8 months per year, and the planting effect that the strawberry fruits are supplied in 7-10 months per year is further achieved. Furthermore, cold air input into the greenhouse at night also provides a very favorable growth condition for promoting flower bud differentiation before strawberry field planting, can accumulate more nutrients for strawberry fruit and can obtain a planting effect that the yield of the strawberry is increased by not less than 50% compared with the strawberry cultured in a refrigeration house. Furthermore, natural illumination for not less than 8-12 hours is further provided for the greenhouse, so that powerful technical guarantee can be provided for the maturity and yield increase of the transplanted strawberry seedlings, and the healthy growth and nutrient accumulation of the strawberry seedlings are facilitated; the obtained strawberry seedlings are healthier and have stronger disease resistance. In addition, the strawberry greenhouse cultivation method has better field operation operability, can be operated and implemented directly in a field greenhouse, and is simple in structure and easy to implement; in addition, the probability of plant diseases and insect pests of the strawberries cultivated by the method can be further reduced, and the damage to the strawberries caused by rain and hail can be reduced.
Preferably, in one preferable embodiment of the present invention, the cumulative input time of the cold air is 240 to 300 hours. According to the method, cold air with the accumulated input time of 240-300 hours can be input into the greenhouse at night, so that the temperature in the greenhouse at night can be continuously maintained between 8-15 ℃, the technical effect of preventing and treating strawberry diseases can be achieved by effectively inhibiting the survival of germs in the greenhouse, flower bud differentiation of strawberry seedlings can be promoted to be realized earlier, the flower bud differentiation time of the strawberry seedlings can be further advanced by one month after the method is adopted, and sufficient technical guarantee is provided for ensuring that the strawberry seedlings are transplanted in the greenhouse within 3 months within 2-5 months.
Preferably, in one preferable technical solution of this embodiment, the step 2 is replaced with: "inject cold air into the warm shed at night, and satisfy: the temperature control condition that the average temperature in the greenhouse is between 10 and 15 ℃ in the first half of the time of continuously inputting the cold air in a single day and the average temperature in the greenhouse is between 8 and 12 ℃ in the second half of the time of continuously inputting the cold air in a single day; the night is a continuous time period without continuous sunshine within 0-24 hours per day; ". The invention provides the following for the greenhouse: "the average temperature in the greenhouse during the first half of the continuous cold air input on a single day is between 10 ℃ and 15 ℃; the average temperature in the greenhouse is between 8 and 12 ℃ in the last half of the time of continuously inputting cold air in a single day; the cold air input mode not only can effectively restrain the occurrence of strawberry diseases, but also can further promote the flower bud differentiation of strawberries, can effectively balance the temperature environment requirements of the differentiation of the two technical effects, can meet the bacteriostatic effect when the temperature is 10-15 ℃, and can also make full use of the temperature environment between 8-12 ℃ to promote the quick flower bud differentiation of strawberry seedlings.
Preferably, in one preferable technical solution of this embodiment, the step 3 further includes: and in the period of 5-7 months, when the daily average temperature of the outdoor environment reaches 15 ℃, the strawberry seedlings in the greenhouse are fixedly planted outdoors. In the period of 5-7 months, when the daily average temperature of the outdoor environment reaches 15 ℃, the strawberry seedlings in the greenhouse are planted outdoors, and the planting effect of strawberry fruit supply in the period of 8-10 months can be achieved; specifically, if the strawberry seedlings are planted in 5 months, the strawberry can be supplied in 8 months in advance, and the strawberry is planted until 7 months later, so that the effect of supplying the strawberry in 10 months is achieved.
Preferably, in one preferable technical solution of this embodiment, in the step 2, a cooling fan is disposed in the greenhouse to input cold air into the greenhouse. Set up refrigeration fan in the warm shed, can squeeze into the cold air of capacity to the warm shed at the night that the strawberry was grown seedlings, promote the strawberry seedling to realize the flower bud differentiation early, and then reach the cultivation effect that is superior to the strawberry freezer and grows seedlings. The improved greenhouse seedling raising mode can achieve the use effect superior to that of the refrigeration house seedling raising, the input cost of a planting user is greatly reduced in the aspect of the building cost of a greenhouse body, the carrying operation of reciprocating transferring of seedlings between a greenhouse and a refrigeration house is not needed during use, and the operation burden of a cultivation worker can be reduced; in addition, the improved strawberry seedling culture method can continuously provide continuous illumination for 8-12 hours per day required by the growth of strawberry seedlings in the daytime, can further obtain a better culture effect compared with refrigeration house dark room culture, is beneficial to the growth and nutrient accumulation of the strawberry seedlings, can ensure the fruit supply of the strawberries in the season breaking period, and perfectly fills the technical blank of the fruit breaking period in the strawberry culture.
Preferably, in one preferable technical solution of this embodiment, in the step 2, cold air generated by a refrigeration device provided outside the greenhouse is input to the greenhouse, and the cold air is input into the greenhouse.
Preferably, in one preferable technical solution of this embodiment, the injection amount of the cold air is precisely controlled by providing a temperature sensor in the greenhouse.
Preferably, in one preferable technical solution of this embodiment, an insulating layer is laid on an upper surface of a greenhouse film of the greenhouse during a period in which the greenhouse is supplied with cold air. According to the invention, the heat-insulating layer is paved on the upper surface of the greenhouse film of the greenhouse during the cold air input period of the greenhouse, so that the use effect of saving electric energy can be obtained.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, on the basis of embodiment 1, an air duct is provided in the greenhouse, so that the cold air is uniformly distributed in the greenhouse. According to the invention, the air duct is arranged in the greenhouse, so that cold air can be uniformly distributed in the greenhouse, and technical convenience is provided for constant-temperature cultivation of the greenhouse.
Example 3:
in this embodiment, a light supplement lamp for supplementing light during the daytime is provided in the greenhouse on the basis of embodiment 1. According to the invention, the light supplement lamp used in the daytime is arranged for the greenhouse, so that sufficient illumination can be provided for the strawberries in rainy days, the healthy growth of the strawberries is promoted, and more nutrients are accumulated.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A strawberry greenhouse cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: planting strawberry seedlings in a greenhouse with the average temperature of more than or equal to 23 ℃ and less than or equal to 30 ℃ in the greenhouse in the daytime during 2-5 months each year; the greenhouse needs natural illumination for 8 to 12 hours in the daytime; the daytime is a continuous time period with continuous sunshine from 0 hour to 24 hours per day;
step 2: injecting cold air into the greenhouse at night, and controlling the temperature in the greenhouse within the range of more than or equal to 10 ℃ and less than or equal to 15 ℃; the night is a continuous time period without continuous sunshine within 0-24 hours per day;
and step 3: and when the strawberry seedlings are planted in the greenhouse for 3 months, the strawberry seedlings are planted within the period of 5-8 months.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cumulative input period of the cold air is 240 to 300 hours.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein step 2 is replaced with: "inject cold air into the warm shed at night, and satisfy: the temperature control condition that the average temperature in the greenhouse is between 10 and 15 ℃ in the first half of the time of continuously inputting the cold air in a single day and the average temperature in the greenhouse is between 8 and 12 ℃ in the second half of the time of continuously inputting the cold air in a single day; the night is a continuous time period without continuous sunshine within 0-24 hours per day; ".
4. The method of claim 1, wherein step 3 further comprises: and in the period of 5-7 months, when the daily average temperature of the outdoor environment reaches 15 ℃, the strawberry seedlings in the greenhouse are fixedly planted outdoors.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 2, cold air is input into the greenhouse by providing a refrigeration fan in the greenhouse.
6. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, cold air is inputted into the greenhouse by inputting cold air generated by a refrigerating device provided outside the greenhouse into the greenhouse.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the injection amount of the cool air is precisely controlled by providing a temperature sensor in the greenhouse.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, an insulation layer is laid on an upper surface of a greenhouse film of the greenhouse during the time the greenhouse is supplied with the cold air.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the cool air is distributed evenly within the greenhouse by providing a duct within the greenhouse.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein a fill light is provided within the greenhouse for supplementing illumination during the day.
CN202011493928.XA 2020-12-16 2020-12-16 Strawberry greenhouse cultivation method Pending CN112655481A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104081979A (en) * 2014-07-03 2014-10-08 青岛曹村草莓专业合作社 Technology for cultivating super-early-maturing pollution-free strawberries
CN106856926A (en) * 2017-02-17 2017-06-20 新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业科学研究所 A kind of cultural method of sunlight greenhouse strawberry
CN109392622A (en) * 2018-12-12 2019-03-01 中方县大丰源生态农业开发有限公司 A kind of strawberry night cold method for culturing seedlings

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104081979A (en) * 2014-07-03 2014-10-08 青岛曹村草莓专业合作社 Technology for cultivating super-early-maturing pollution-free strawberries
CN106856926A (en) * 2017-02-17 2017-06-20 新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业科学研究所 A kind of cultural method of sunlight greenhouse strawberry
CN109392622A (en) * 2018-12-12 2019-03-01 中方县大丰源生态农业开发有限公司 A kind of strawberry night cold method for culturing seedlings

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