CN112646125A - 一种热塑性腰果酚树脂的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种热塑性腰果酚树脂的制备方法。其步骤如下:将质子酸加到装有腰果酚的反应器中,加热搅拌反应一定的时间后,继续保温静置2h使Friedel‑Crafts烷基化反应完全。本发明利用Friedel‑Crafts烷基化反应使腰果酚在没有溶剂的情况下发生本体聚合,合成得到热塑性腰果酚树脂,这为天然产物的线性聚合,以替代主要来源于石油资源的热塑性树脂提供了一条可资借鉴的途径。热塑性腰果酚树脂来源于可持续的绿色天然产物,合成过程无需溶剂,可利用挤出注塑等方式进行连续热加工成型,产物具有循环可再生、可降解、耐候耐老化、力学性能优异等,改写了腰果酚甚至是大部分的天然产物只能用作热固性树脂的历史,是一类绿色化学生产的绿色产品。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机高分子化合物技术领域,具体涉及一种热塑性腰果酚树脂的制备方法。该热塑性腰果酚树脂来源于可持续的绿色天然产物,合成过程无需溶剂,可利用挤出注塑等方式进行连续热加工成型,产物具有循环可再生、可降解、耐候耐老化、力学性能优异等,改写了腰果酚甚至是大部分的天然产物只能用作热固性树脂的历史,是一类绿色化学生产的绿色产品。
背景技术
腰果酚由腰果壳废弃物榨取液提炼精制所得,是一种绿色环保可再生的工业原料。因其具有丰富的来源、价格优廉、性能优异等优点备受研究者们的关注,在涂料、固化剂、抗摩擦材料以及表面活性剂等诸多领域得到广泛的应用。腰果酚又名间十五烷基苯酚,其结构既含有苯环又含有不饱和脂肪链,兼具芳香族化合物和脂肪族化合物的特征,如:低渗透性、良好的柔性、耐高温、疏水等;苯环上的羟基使其又具有酚类化合物的性质,如:缩聚反应、酯化反应等。
目前,腰果酚树脂的应用主要集中于腰果酚醛缩合物、腰果酚环氧树脂或腰果酚环氧固化剂等热固性树脂。近年来,有关腰果酚改性树脂的研究报道较多,专利CN110724264 A和专利CN 108623726 A分别报道了一种可回收腰果酚基光固化树脂和三维打印用腰果酚树脂及其制备方法等。这些树脂固化交联,形成网状结构,刚性大、硬度高、耐温高、不易燃、制品尺寸稳定性好,但脆性大,常用的加工方法有模压、层压、传递模塑、浇铸等,难以使用挤出、注塑等连续热加工方式。本研究利用质子酸催化腰果酚进行Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应,生成线型聚合物,合成过程无需溶剂,获得的线型腰果酚树脂除了具有腰果酚的可降解性、耐候抗老化和耐摩擦等性能外,还具有热塑性树脂所具有的可回收循环利用、可连续热加工生产等特点。全球每年塑料需求量为3.6亿吨,其中不到1%是由生物质生产的,热塑性腰果酚树脂是不可再生的石油基塑料潜在的替代产品;其次,树脂中酚羟基、苯环和侧链双键等活性基团使其与其它聚合物、无机化合物之间的作用力增加,亦可作为有机-有机和有机-无机复合材料的相容剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的旨在利用天然产物合成制备线型热塑性树脂,以利用连续热加工方式制备成型,解决石油基树脂不可再生的问题,提出了一种热塑性腰果酚树脂的制备方法。
具体步骤如下:
将质子酸加到装有腰果酚的反应器中,加热搅拌反应一定的时间后,继续保温静置2h使Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应完全,便得到热塑性腰果酚树脂。
其中:
质子酸为Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应催化剂;
腰果酚与质子酸质量比为(75-99):(1-25)。
体系反应温度在40℃-100℃;
反应时间在0-24h;
机械搅拌速率在100-1000r/min;
本发明的优点:
1、腰果酚是一种价格低廉,天然可再生原材料,利用质子酸使腰果酚苯环与侧链双键发生Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应,合成过程无需溶剂,是一种绿色化学的生产过程。
2、产物热塑性腰果酚树脂可以采用挤出注塑等方式进行连续热加工成型,产品可多次循环利用,改写了腰果酚甚至是大部分的天然产物只能用作热固性树脂的历史。
附图说明
图1为线性腰果酚树脂与腰果酚的红外光谱
图2为制得的线性腰果酚树脂照片
图3为线性腰果酚树脂的反应原理图
具体实施方式
实施例1:
将5.01g对甲苯磺酸一水合物质子酸催化剂加入到装有102.08g腰果酚的250mL反应器中,在80℃油浴加热和300r/min的机械搅拌下反应18.25h后,继续保温静置2h使Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应完全。待冷却至室温,得到热塑性腰果酚树脂。
图2是CNSL和聚CNSL的红外谱图。从图中可以看出,3009cm-1处的峰是苯环和双键C-H的振动吸收峰;1263cm-1、1154cm-1归因于C=C的对称和不对称伸缩振动。与CNSL相比,2926cm-1和2854cm-1处甲基和亚甲基的振动吸收峰略为增大,但是,聚CNSL中苯环和双键的吸收峰均减小,这是由于侧链双键和苯环上的氢发生了聚合反应。
实施例2:
将5.19g盐酸加入到装有100.01g腰果酚的250mL反应器中,在80℃油浴加热和300r/min的机械搅拌下反应10.5h后,继续保温静置2h使Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应完全。待冷却至室温,得到热塑性腰果酚树脂。
实施例3:
将7.91g硫酸加入到装有199.98g腰果酚的500mL反应器中,在80℃油浴加热和500r/min的机械搅拌下反应2.25h后,继续保温静置2h使Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应完全。待冷却至室温,得到热塑性腰果酚树脂。
实施例4:
将80.12g对甲苯磺酸一水合物质子酸催化剂加入到装有401.20g腰果酚的1L反应器中,通过80℃加热和700r/min的机械搅拌下反应0.50h后,继续保温静置2h使Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应完全。待冷却至室温,得到热塑性腰果酚树脂。
实施例5:
将24.26g正磷酸催化剂加入到装有806.56g腰果酚的2L反应器中,通过90℃加热和100r/min机械搅拌下反应0.35h后,继续保温静置2h使Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应完全。待冷却至室温,得到热塑性腰果酚树脂。
实施例6:
将300g对甲苯磺酸一水合物质子酸催化剂加入到装有2000g腰果酚的5L反应器中,通过100℃加热和700r/min机械搅拌下反应0.25h后,继续保温静置2h使Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应完全。待冷却至室温,得到热塑性腰果酚树脂。
分别取一定量的上述实施例反应体系加入到质量比为1:20-25的石油醚中,使得腰果酚树脂沉析出来,经过滤得到沉淀物。把沉淀物挥发、烘干溶剂,得到纯热塑性腰果酚树脂转化率。
表1为不同实例腰果酚转化为树脂的转化率
样品 | 转化率% |
实施例1 | 87.72 |
实施例2 | 85.35 |
实施例3 | 83.45 |
实施例4 | 83.86 |
实施例5 | 85.37 |
实施例6 | 89.40 |
上述实施例仅为解释本公开的一些特征所说明的。本发明并不仅限于上述实施例,本领域相关技术人员可在此基础上在权力范围内做出各种形式变形和细节上的修改,这对本发明的实质并未产生影响,均在本权利保护范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种热塑性腰果酚树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括,将质子酸加到装有腰果酚的反应器中,加热搅拌反应一定的时间后,继续保温静置2h使Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应完全,便得到热塑性腰果酚树脂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种热塑性腰果酚树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的质子酸为Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应催化剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种热塑性腰果酚树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的腰果酚与质子酸质量比为(75-99):(1-25)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种热塑性腰果酚树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述体系反应温度在40℃-100℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种热塑性腰果酚树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应时间在0-24h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种热塑性腰果酚树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述机械搅拌速率在100-1000r/min。
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